Guide to Credit Card Cell Phone Protection

Guide to Credit Card Cell Phone Protection

Owning a cell phone can get expensive, especially if you have to replace or fix a stolen or damaged one. Luckily, you may have cell phone protection from your credit card.

By taking advantage of credit cards with cell phone protection, you could save on a separate cell phone insurance plan. But before signing up for a new credit card or foregoing insurance, it’s best to understand exactly what is and isn’t covered under credit card phone insurance.

Recommended: Does Applying For a Credit Card Hurt Your Credit Score

What Is Credit Card Cell Phone Protection?

Credit card cell phone protection is a type of insurance protection, where your credit card issuer pays for you to replace a stolen cell phone or make repairs to a damaged one. In most cases, you’ll need to pay for your cell phone bill with that card in order to get the protection.

Depending on the terms and conditions listed on your credit card, you’ll be protected from certain types of damage, and up to a certain coverage amount.

How Does Credit Card Cell Phone Protection Work?

When you pay for your cell phone bill with a credit card that offers cell phone protection, you can file a claim if you experienced a type of covered loss.

Keep in mind that the coverage provided by your cell phone may not be primary. This means you may need to exhaust your other options, such as by filing a claim with your home, car, or separate cell phone insurance first. It’s best to check the terms of your credit card phone insurance to see when you’re able to file a claim.

If you are able to file a claim with the credit card issuer, you may need to pay a deductible per claim (in many cases it’s around $25 or $50) before insurance kicks in. Plus, you may have limitations as to how many claims you can make per year, as well as the amount you’ll be covered for. The specifics will ultimately depend on how your credit card works.

Who Does Credit Card Cell Phone Protection Cover?

In most cases, your credit card issuer will provide protection for cell phones that you pay your monthly service bills for. As in, any phone numbers listed on the monthly bill that you pay for using an eligible credit card will most likely be covered. That means if you have more than one phone on your plan, the credit card protection will extend to all of them.

However, some credit card companies may limit the number of cell phones that are covered. It bears repeating that it’s important to check the coverage limitations listed in the terms and conditions for your credit card.

What Does Credit Card Cell Phone Protection Cover?

Typically, credit card cell phone protection will pay to replace an eligible phone that’s stolen or to make repairs to an eligible phone that’s damaged. What’s typically covered includes damage to your phone that makes it non-functional or not operate optimally. Different credit card companies will have various definitions for covered damages, which can range from cracked screens to hardware failures.

What Isn’t Covered by Credit Card Cell Phone Protection?

Remember, cell phone protection only provides coverage for the actual phone. Here’s what usually is not covered by your eligible credit card:

•   Accessories like a phone case or screen protector

•   Cell phones for purchased for resale, or commercial or professional use

•   Cell phones that are lost or that disappeared under mysterious circumstances (i.e. there wasn’t evidence of any wrongdoing)

•   Phones stolen from a common carrier (like the U.S. Postal Service or another delivery service) or your baggage

•   Phones from pay-as-you-go plans

•   Cosmetic damage

•   Damage or theft from fraud, illegal activities, normal wear and tear, certain natural disasters, and intentional acts

•   Taxes or fees such as delivery charges

•   Losses that are covered under your cell phone manufacturer warranty

•   Replacement of a phone that wasn’t purchased from a cell phone retail store with the ability to activate phone with your cell phone service provider

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Factors to Consider Before Getting a Cell Phone Insurance Policy With Your Issuer

Trying to decide whether to take advantage of cell phone insurance through a credit card? Here are some considerations to make before deciding.

The Deductible

Though the deductible may not cost you a lot, it’s important to check exactly how much you’ll have to pay out of pocket before your insurance will cover the rest. It’s also smart to check how much it will cost for the repair beforehand, especially if you believe the cost could be close to the amount of your deductible.

The Number of Claims You Can File

Some credit card issuers limit the amount of claims you can make. For instance, you may only be able to make two separate claims a year up to the coverage limit.

You’ll also want to check to see whether the allowable coverage amount would be enough to replace your current phone if it’s stolen. If not, you may want to consider other alternatives.

Your Card’s Annual Fee

If you’re signing up for a credit card solely for the cell phone protection feature, make sure the annual fee is worth it, assuming there is one. In some cases, it may be better money-wise to stick with your homeowners or renters insurance, or to purchase a separate cell phone insurance plan.

At the end of the day, you don’t want the costs to outweigh the benefits of a credit card.

How to Know If Your Credit Card Has Cell Phone Protection

The best way to find out if your credit card offers cell phone protection is to check your card agreement. It should detail what features are offered — and you could even learn about additional perks, such as credit card rental insurance or credit card travel insurance.

Granted, the fine print can sometimes feel overwhelming or difficult to wade through. Another option is to call your credit card company and ask whether your card has cell phone protection and if so, how you can qualify.

Filing a Cell Phone Protection Claim

If you need to file a claim, most credit card issuers require that you file a report within a certain amount of time, such as within 90 days of your loss. Contact your credit card issuer, and it will provide the next steps you’ll need to take.

Your issuer may direct you to forms you’ll need to fill out with information like details around the loss and any proof you can provide. Your credit card company will then keep you informed with any updates related to your claim.

Alternatives to Credit Card Cell Phone Protection

If you aren’t using a credit card to pay your cell phone bill or just aren’t sure whether credit card cell phone protection is the right choice for you, there are other options. You might consider these alternatives:

•   Homeowners or renters insurance: Many homeowners or renters insurance policies offer coverage for personal belongings. However, it typically covers theft and not damage or loss. Plus, you may face a higher deductible compared to what a credit card company may charge.

•   Purchase a separate cell phone protection policy: Your phone’s manufacturer or service provider may offer policies. Before signing on the dotted line, read the fine print carefully to see what the coverage limit and deductible are, as well as what losses are included.

Recommended: When Are Credit Card Payments Due

The Takeaway

Getting cell phone coverage from a credit card can be a great way to protect an item you use often. Plus, it could save you from purchasing a separate policy. Before moving forward with credit card cell phone protection, check to see whether the credit card is worth signing up for.

Whether you're looking to build credit, apply for a new credit card, or save money with the cards you have, it's important to understand the options that are best for you. Learn more about credit cards by exploring this credit card guide.

FAQ

Can a cell phone be used to steal credit card details?

For the most part, the digital wallets used to store credit card information on your cell phone are safe. Still, you’ll want to do your research to ensure you’re choosing an app that has in place adequate protections. Also follow basic safety practices, like locking your phone, avoiding using digital payment devices over unsecured WiFi networks, and regularly reviewing your account for any fraudulent activity.

Is it safe to put your credit card details on your phone?

Generally yes, it’s safe to put your credit card details on your phone if you’re using e-wallet apps, such as Apple Pay and Samsung Pay. However, any type of credit card transaction can be vulnerable to fraud.

Is credit card cell phone protection worth it?

Credit card cell phone protection can be worth it if you want to guard against loss or theft for your phone that may cost you a lot of money to replace. You’ll want to weigh the card’s annual fee against the protection offered in order to determine if it’s truly worthwhile.


Photo credit: iStock/nunawwoofy

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Voluntary vs Group Term Life Insurance

Voluntary vs Group Term Life Insurance

Group term and voluntary term life insurance are both offered by employers and other organizations, providing convenient and low-cost baseline coverage. Depending on the employer, coverage may not be as comprehensive as some employees might require.

We’ll get into what group term life insurance is, how it’s different from voluntary term, and who should take advantage of these policies. You’ll also find out what portion of group term life insurance benefits is taxable and whether premiums are tax deductible.

Group Term Life Insurance, Defined

What is group term life insurance exactly? Term life insurance covers a policyholder for a set amount of time, hence the “term” part. (This roundup of life insurance terminology can be helpful for the uninitiated.) It pays a death benefit to beneficiaries — usually family members or other dependents — if the insured person dies within that time frame.

Group term life insurance is simply a policy offered to a group — often by an employer, trade union, or other organization — often at no cost to the employee. Group life insurance is sometimes referred to as employer-provided life insurance. If you’re new to the concept of life insurance, check out this guide to how life insurance works.

How Group Term Life Insurance Works

Group term life insurance coverage usually covers the timeframe of the member’s employment. (When it’s not purchased through an employer, terms range from 5 to 30 years.) All premium payments and death benefits tend to be fixed. If the policyholder lives past the end date on the policy, no benefit is paid and the premium payments are forfeited.

This type of policy is sometimes referred to as a “pure” life insurance product. That is, it has no cash value. Other types of life insurance do.

In group policies, many employers pay for baseline coverage for the employee, who pays nothing. Additional term life policies may be available at an affordable rate to cover a spouse, child (learn why life insurance for children might be necessary), or other dependent, with premiums deducted from payroll. Since an employer or similar entity is buying the coverage for many people at once, their savings are passed along to the members.

Recommended: Why is Life Insurance Important?

What Group Term Life Insurance Typically Covers

Often, group policies pay out the equivalent of one year’s salary. Group term may cover fewer causes of death than other policies, but generally includes critical illness. Death by self-inflicted wounds may be excluded for the first 1 to 3 years of the policy.

Pros and Cons of Group Term Life Insurance

Group term life insurance has advantages and disadvantages.

Pros of Group Term Life Insurance:

•   Cost. Baseline policies are often free.

•   Availability. There’s usually no medical exam or other strict requirements.

•   Simple application. Often employees just check a box or sign a form.

•   Coverage when you need it. Families have some coverage in the event their main source of income is lost.

Cons of Group Term Life Insurance:

•   Low payout. Coverage is typically on the low side, equivalent to one year’s salary at most. Experts typically recommend that life insurance cover 10x your salary or more, depending on your financial obligations.

•   Lack of choice. A single policy is typically selected by your employer to cover all members, regardless of situation.

•   Non-portable. If you leave your job, you lose your coverage.

Recommended: What is Supplemental Life Insurance?

Requirements of Group Term Life Insurance

Requirements are minimal and usually involve being a permanent employee. You may need to be employed for a certain period of time (say, 90 days) before qualifying. There is typically no medical exam required. Individual workplace requirements can vary.

Voluntary Term Life Insurance, Defined

Similar to group term life insurance, voluntary policies are offered by an employer or membership group. However, voluntary policies are entirely optional (or voluntary) benefits the employee can purchase. Because your employer negotiates a group rate, it’s usually more affordable than purchasing online insurance yourself. If you’re curious about non-employer-based policies, this is a helpful look at how to buy life insurance.

As with group term, voluntary term life insurance has no cash value nor options for investing your premiums. (Whole life insurance does have cash value. Here’s a good comparison of term vs. whole life insurance.)

Recommended: How to Calculate Expected Rate of Return

How Voluntary Term Life Insurance Works

As with most life insurance, voluntary term pays out a lump sum to your beneficiaries if you die while the policy is in effect. Premiums are deducted from the policyholder’s paycheck.

Voluntary term life insurance coverage may be offered on an annual basis. The employee can choose to re-up, change, or cancel during their company’s open enrollment period. Rates go up over time, either annually or as the employee enters a new age bracket.

Recommended: How Long Do You Have to Have Life Insurance Before You Die

What Voluntary Term Life Insurance Typically Covers

Employees may select their amount of coverage, usually in multiples of their salary. The more coverage you select, the higher your premium will be. Limitations may be set as to the level of coverage you can choose or the availability of certain riders, compared to individual life insurance. Coverage varies by employer. But your voluntary policy should have the same coverage options and exclusions as your group term policy.

For lower coverage amounts, no medical information may be required. Higher coverage amounts often require a health questionnaire or medical exam.

Pros and Cons of Voluntary Life Insurance

As you might guess, the advantages and disadvantages of voluntary term insurance are similar to those of group term insurance. However, they’re not identical.

Pros of Voluntary Term Life Insurance:

•   Low cost. While not free, premiums are normally more affordable than for individual policies due to the employer’s group discount. You can learn about typical premium costs in this look at how much life insurance is.

•   No medical exam. No medical exam is required for less coverage. Older employees and those with health issues usually get a better deal through voluntary term plans than on their own.

•   Simplicity. Employees just need to select the level of coverage they want.

•   More-complete coverage. Because you can choose your level of coverage, payout benefits could cover loved ones completely in case of the policyholder’s death.

•   Portability. If you leave your job, you might be able to keep your coverage, but your premiums may rise significantly.

Cons of Voluntary Term Life Insurance:

•   Limitations. Employees are limited to a single insurance company. There may also be limits to the level of coverage and available policy riders.

•   Short-term solution. Employees who don’t plan on staying with their company long-term may be better served by an individual policy.

Recommended: Why Life Insurance is Important

Main Difference Between Voluntary and Group Term Life Insurance

Group term life insurance is typically free through your employer, while voluntary term is an optional benefit the employee can purchase at a reduced rate. Also, voluntary term insurance usually offers different levels of coverage, while group is provided at one level for all employees.

If you’re still not clear on the differences, this high-level introduction to what is life insurance may be useful.

Requirements for Voluntary Term Life Insurance

Like basic group insurance, requirements are minimal aside from a potential waiting period for new employees. There is typically no medical exam required. Individual workplace requirements can vary.

Is Group Term Life Insurance Taxable?

There are two components to group term life insurance that pertain to taxes: premiums and payouts.

Are Group Term Life Premiums Tax Deductible?

Life insurance premiums are usually not tax deductible. The IRS considers such premiums a “personal expense.” There may be exceptions for beneficiaries that are charitable organizations. (SoFi does not provide tax advice, please consult with a tax professional prior to making any decision.)

Are Group Term Life Payouts Taxable?

The first $50,000 of payouts from group term life insurance carried by an employer is excluded from taxes. After that, the benefit is counted as income and subject to income tax as well as social security and Medicare taxes.

The Takeaway

Term life insurance typically pays out a lump sum equal to a multiple of the policyholder’s salary upon their death. It has no cash value or investment options. Employers, unions and other organizations may offer group term life insurance as a free benefit. Employees may upgrade their coverage with voluntary term life insurance at a low cost, deducted from their paycheck.

Voluntary term policies can be valuable to older employees and those with health problems because premiums are low and a medical exam is usually not required. However, group policies can have limitations that make them less comprehensive than individual policies.

If you’re shopping for life insurance, SoFi has partnered with Ladder to offer competitive life insurance policies that are quick to set up and easy to understand. You can apply in just minutes and get an instant decision. As your circumstances change, you can easily change or cancel your policy with no fees and no hassles.

Complete an application and get your quote in just minutes.

FAQ

What are the disadvantages of group term insurance?

Coverage amounts tend to be much smaller than what experts recommend. You’ll need to use the insurance carrier chosen by your employer and, if you leave your job, you’ll lose the policy.

What happens to my group life insurance when I retire?

Retirees likely have the opportunity to continue paying for their life insurance. Before you retire, explore your options, comparing cost and benefits.

Is group term life insurance the same as life insurance?

Group term life insurance is one type of life insurance that pays out a lump sum upon the policyholder’s death. It has no cash value, unlike whole life policies, which are another type of life insurance.


Photo credit: iStock/akinbostanci

Coverage and pricing is subject to eligibility and underwriting criteria.
Ladder Insurance Services, LLC (CA license # OK22568; AR license # 3000140372) distributes term life insurance products issued by multiple insurers- for further details see ladderlife.com. All insurance products are governed by the terms set forth in the applicable insurance policy. Each insurer has financial responsibility for its own products.
Ladder, SoFi and SoFi Agency are separate, independent entities and are not responsible for the financial condition, business, or legal obligations of the other, Social Finance. Inc. (SoFi) and Social Finance Life Insurance Agency, LLC (SoFi Agency) do not issue, underwrite insurance or pay claims under Ladder Life™ policies. SoFi is compensated by Ladder for each issued term life policy.
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Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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What Is Stablecoin Interest & How Does It Work?

What Is Stablecoin Interest and How Does It Work?

Stablecoin interest refers to the interest rate that investors can earn by lending out their stablecoins.

Stablecoin holders can put their tokens on a number of platforms that lend those stablecoins to other investors in exchange for a fee. Because the rate for borrowers is higher than what depositors receive, some companies are happy to provide this service, as they pocket the difference.

Some platforms that let investors earn interest are centralized, while others are decentralized. Because there are different types of stablecoins on the market, and this sector has come under the scrutiny of regulators in 2022, it’s important to understand how stablecoins work.

Understanding How Stablecoins Work

Stablecoins are unique among the many types of crypto. A stablecoin is a cryptocurrency whose value is pegged to a particular asset at a 1-to-1 ratio. Most often, the asset is a fiat currency, like the U.S. dollar (USD), though it can also be a commodity like gold.

U.S. Dollar Coin (USDC), for example, is a U.S. dollar-backed stablecoin that allegedly holds 1 dollar in reserve for every 1 USDC in circulation. To understand what USDC is: One USDC generally has the same value as one dollar.

That said, despite the name, stablecoins have a less-than stable track record. The stablecoin sector has come under scrutiny, owing to questions about their actual fiat currency reserves and how stable these coins actually are.

Different Types of Stablecoins

When discussing stablecoins, it’s important to consider which category the coin falls into.

There are three main types of stablecoins:

•   Fiat-collateralized stablecoins

•   Crypto-collateralized stablecoins

•   Algorithmic stablecoins

Fiat-collateralized stablecoins like USDC or Tether (USDT) are widely thought to have the least possibility of losing their peg.

Crypto-collateralized stablecoins (like DAI) might be considered somewhat safer, but still carry the risk that their collateral could lose value.

Algorithmic stablecoins, like Iron Finance (IRON), might be the riskiest, as most have seen their values drop to zero. One notable stablecoin failure occurred in May 2022, when the Terra stablecoin fell below its $1 peg and collapsed.

💡 Recommended: Understanding the Different Types of Cryptocurrency

What Are Stablecoin Interest Rates?

Stablecoin interest rates refer to the amount of money investors can earn by depositing their stablecoins into a centralized lending platform or a decentralized smart contract.

Interest rates are often referred to as yields — i.e. the amount an investment can yield over time. An interest rate of 5% annual percentage yield (or APY), for example, could earn an investor $50 on an investment of $1,000 over 12 months. One of the benefits of cryptocurrency is that anyone from anywhere in the world can earn interest on stablecoins. Many exchanges offer 8% to 12% interest or more on stablecoins.

Why Are Stablecoin Interest Rates So High?

Interest rates on Stablecoins are high for a few reasons:

•   Stablecoins involve greater risks than a traditional savings account

•   The market is still new and immature

•   Traditional savings rates are at or near historic lows

We may view stablecoin interest rates being “high” as a relative comparison. In the 1970s, savings accounts and U.S. Treasury Notes yielded rates of around 17%, which is comparable to some of today’s stablecoin rates.

Tips for Earning Stablecoin Interest

If you are earning high interest on stablecoins, you are wise to consider two risks: 1) that the coin could lose its 1-1 peg, and 2) that the lending platform might become insolvent.

1.    First, make sure the stablecoin you’re using is actually stable. The coins need to have audited reserves showing that their tokens are backed by a fiat currency at a 1-to-1 ratio. A coin with proven backing could carry less risk.

2.    Second, it’s critical to conduct due diligence on whatever platform you’re using to earn stablecoin interest. While all of these platforms are younger and less proven than traditional banks or credit unions, some still could be more trustworthy than others. Before you invest, consider looking at user reviews, reading the terms of service, and finding out as much as you can about how the company works and who is behind it.

Investors have lost a lot of money because they assumed that their stablecoins would always maintain their pegs, and the platforms they used would always stay solvent. Neither is necessarily true.

Keep in mind that there is no Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance for stablecoin lending platforms. So, if the company goes bankrupt, investors could possibly lose everything. There may be no legal means by which to recover funds or protect yourself until new regulations are put in place.

Stablecoin Interest on CeFi vs DeFi

There are two different types of platforms that can be used to earn stablecoin interest: centralized finance (CeFi) platforms and decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms.

•   CeFi platforms require customers to comply with anti-money laundering (AML) and know-your-customer (KYC) rules. They usually manage users’ funds and hold the private keys to their customers’ crypto. Some CeFi lenders offer insurance to protect against losses, while others do not.

•   DeFi platforms work a little differently. Instead of the borrowing and lending being handled by one central entity, financial activities in DeFi are managed by smart contracts. These programs provide automatic lending pools to participants. The system operates outside the control of any centralized authority and users’ assets are held in a non-custodial way, meaning they are controlled by the users, themselves, not a third party.

Types of Stablecoin Interest Platforms

CeFi

DeFi

Governed by a central entity Governed by smart contracts
AML and KYC compliance enforced No verification required
Custodial Non-custodial

Pros and Cons of Stablecoin Interest

Here are some of the pros and cons of earning interest on stablecoins.

Advantages:

•   High interest rate. The interest rates that you can earn on stablecoins typically exceeds that of traditional savings accounts and even long-term savings bonds.

•   Less verification required than traditional banks. In many cases, anyone can access the stablecoin interest market.

•   Allows users to remain within the cryptocurrency ecosystem. Exchanging fiat currency and crypto often involves long wait times and additional fees. With stablecoins, users can switch between traditional cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin or dollar-denominated stable crypto like USDC without having to make bank transfers.

Disadvantages:

•   Rates can vary without notice. Especially in DeFi, interest rates can fluctuate wildly.

•   Risk of losing 100% of principal. While some CeFi platforms might offer insurance, many do not. In the past, platforms have gone bankrupt, leaving investors empty-handed because there was no insurance.

•   Lack of transparency among many coins. Currently, stablecoin issuers are not required to disclose which assets back their coins, though this could change soon, based on proposed legislation. Borrowing and lending institutions also may not need to provide full disclosures regarding their operations at this time.

Pros and Cons of Stablecoin Interest

Pros

Cons

High interest rates Rates can vary
Minimal verification needed Risk of 100% loss of principal
Funds can remain in crypto Lack of transparency around reserves

The Takeaway

Anyone who holds stablecoins can earn interest on them easily. While the potential returns are attractive, the risks are also high. Investors should be aware that it’s possible to lose 100% of their investments.

FAQ

How do stablecoins generate interest?

Stablecoins generate interest in much the same way as a bank. A business entity accepts stablecoin deposits from investors and loans those coins out to borrowers at a particular interest rate. Depositors then receive a portion of the interest paid by borrowers.

Can you really earn interest on stablecoins?

Yes, you can earn interest by lending your stablecoins. Be careful to select a borrowing/lending platform with a good reputation, as some have gone bankrupt in the past and some could be scams posing as legitimate companies.


Photo credit: iStock/filadendron

Crypto: Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies aren’t endorsed or guaranteed by any government, are volatile, and involve a high degree of risk. Consumer protection and securities laws don’t regulate cryptocurrencies to the same degree as traditional brokerage and investment products. Research and knowledge are essential prerequisites before engaging with any cryptocurrency. US regulators, including FINRA , the SEC , and the CFPB , have issued public advisories concerning digital asset risk. Cryptocurrency purchases should not be made with funds drawn from financial products including student loans, personal loans, mortgage refinancing, savings, retirement funds or traditional investments. Limitations apply to trading certain crypto assets and may not be available to residents of all states.

This article is not intended to be legal advice. Please consult an attorney for advice.

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1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
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Guide to Short Put Spreads

Guide to Short Put Spreads

A short put spread, sometimes called a bull put spread or short put vertical spread, is an options trading strategy that investors may use when they expect a slight rise in an underlying asset. This strategy allows an investor to potentially profit from an increase in the underlying asset’s price while also limiting losses. An investor may utilize this strategy to protect against any downside risk; the investor will know their total potential loss before making the trade.

When trading options, you have various strategies, like short put spreads, from which you can choose. The short put spread strategy can be a valuable trade for investors with a neutral-to-bullish outlook on an asset. Which options trading strategy is right for you will depend on several factors, like your risk tolerance, cash reserves, and perspective on the underlying asset.

What Is a Short Put Spread?

A short put spread is an options trading strategy that involves buying one put option contract and selling another put option on the same underlying asset with the same expiration date but at different strike prices. This strategy is a neutral-to-bullish trading play, meaning that the investor believes the underlying asset’s price will stay flat or increase during the life of the trade.

A short put spread is a credit spread in which the investor receives a credit when they open a position. The trader buys a put option with a lower strike price and sells a put option with a higher strike price. The difference between the price of the two put options is the net credit the trader receives, which is the maximum potential profit in the trade.

The maximum loss in a short put spread is the difference between the strike prices of the two puts minus the net credit received. This gives the trading strategy a defined downside risk. A short put spread does not have upside risk, meaning the trade won’t lose money if the price of the underlying asset increases.

A short put spread is also known as a short put vertical spread because of how the strike prices are positioned — one lower and the other higher — even though they have the same expiration date.

How Short Put Spreads Work

With a short put spread, the investor uses put options, which give the investor the right — but not always the obligation — to sell a security at a given price during a set period of time.

An investor using a short put spread strategy will first sell a put option at a given strike price and expiration date, receiving a premium for the sale. This option is known as the short leg of the trade.

Simultaneously, the trader buys a put option at a lower strike price, paying a premium. This option is called the long leg. The premium for the long leg put option will always be less than the short leg since the lower strike put is further out of the money. Because of the difference in premiums, the trader receives a net credit for setting up the trade.

💡 Recommended: In the Money vs Out of the Money Options

Short Put Spread Example

Say stock ABC is trading around $72. You feel neutral to bullish toward the stock, so you open a short put spread by selling a put option with a $72 strike price and buying a put with a $70 strike. Both put options have the same expiration date. You sell the put with a $72 strike price for a $1.75 premium and buy the put with a $70 strike for a $0.86 premium.

You collect the difference between the two premiums, which is $0.89 ($1.75 – $0.86). Since each option contract is usually for 100 shares of stock, you’d collect an $89 credit when opening the trade.

Recommended: Guide to How Options Are Priced

Maximum Profit

The credit you collect up front is the maximum profit in a short put spread. In a short put spread, you achieve your maximum profit at any price above the strike price of the option you sold. Both put options expire worthless in this scenario.

In our example, as long as stock ABC closes at or above $72 at expiration, both puts will expire worthless and you will keep the $89 credit you received when you opened the position.

Maximum Loss

The maximum loss in a short put spread is the difference between the strike prices of the two put options minus the credit you receive initially and any commissions and fees incurred. You will realize the maximum loss in a short put spread if the underlying asset’s price expires below the strike price of the put option you bought.

In our example, you will experience the maximum loss if stock ABC trades below $70, the strike price of the put option you bought, at expiration. The maximum loss will be $111 in this scenario, not including commissions and fees.

$72 – $70 – ($1.75 – $0.86) = $1.11 x 100 shares = $111

Breakeven

The breakeven on a short put spread trade is the price the underlying asset must close at for the investor to come away even; they neither make nor lose money on the trade, not including commissions and investment fees.

To calculate the breakeven on a short put spread trade, you subtract the net credit you receive upfront from the strike price of the short put contract you sold, which is the option with the higher strike price.

In our example, you subtract the $0.89 credit from $72 to get a breakeven of $71.11. If stock ABC closes at $71.11 at expiration, you will lose $89 from the short leg of the trade with a $72 strike price, which will be balanced out by the $89 cash credit you received when you opened the position.

Set-Up

To set up a short put spread, you first need to find a security that you are neutral to bullish on. Once you have found a reasonable candidate, you’ll want to set it up by entering your put transactions.

You first sell to open a put option contract with a strike price near where the asset is currently trading. You then buy to open a put option with a strike price that’s out-of-the-money; the strike price of this contract will be below the strike price of the put you are selling. Both of these contracts will have the same expiration date.

Maintenance

The short put spread does not require much ongoing maintenance since your risk is defined to both upside and downside.

However, you may want to pay attention to the possibility of early assignment, especially with the short leg position of your trade — the put with the higher strike price. You might want to close your position before expiration so you don’t have to pay any potential assignment fees or trigger a margin call.

Exit Strategy

If the stock’s price is above the higher strike price at expiration, there is nothing you have to do; the puts will expire worthless, and you will walk away with the maximum profit of the credit you received.

If the stock’s price is below the lower strike price of the long leg of the trade at expiration, the two contracts will cancel each other, and you will walk away with a maximum loss.

Before expiration, however, you can exit the trade to avoid having to buy shares that you may be obligated to purchase because you sold a put option. To exit the trade, you can buy the short put contract to close and sell the long put contract to close.

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Impacts of Time, Volatility, and Price Change

Changes in the price and volatility of the underlying stock and the passage of time can affect a short put spread strategy in various ways.

Time

Time decay will generally work in favor of the short put spread. As both of the legs of the short put spread get closer to the expiration, any time value that the option contracts have will erode.

Volatility

The short put spread is more or less volatility neutral. Because you are both long and short one put option contract each, volatility in the underlying stock similarly affects each leg of the contract.

Price

A short put spread is a bullish option strategy. You have no risk to the upside and will achieve your maximum profit if the underlying stock closes above the strike price of the higher put option. You are sensitive to price decreases of the underlying stock and will suffer the maximum loss if the stock closes below the strike price of the lower put option.

Pros and Cons of Short Put Spreads

Here are some of the advantages and disadvantages of using short put spreads:

Short Put Spread Pros

Short Put Spread Cons

No risk to the upside Lower profit potential compared to buying the underlying security outright
Limited risk to the downside; maximum loss is known upfront Maximum loss is generally larger than the maximum potential profit
Can earn a positive return even if the underlying does not move significantly Difficult trading strategy for beginning investors

Short Put Calendar Spreads

A short put calendar spread is another type of spread that uses two different put options. With a short put calendar spread, the two options have the same strike price but different expiration dates. You sell a put with a further out expiration and buy a put with a closer expiration date.

Alternatives to Short Put Spreads

Short put vertical spreads are just one of the several options spread strategies investors can use to bolster a portfolio.

Bull Put Spreads

A bull put spread is another name for the short put spread. The short put spread is considered a bullish investment since you’ll get your maximum profit if the stock’s price increases.

Bear Put Spread

As the name suggests, a bear put spread is the opposite of a bull put spread; investors will implement the trade when they have a bearish outlook on a particular underlying asset. With a bear put spread, you buy a put option near the money and then sell a put option on the same underlying asset at a lower strike price.

Call Spreads

Investors can also use call spreads to achieve the same profit profile as either a bull put spread or a bear put spread. With a bull call spread, you buy a call at one strike price (usually near or at the money) and simultaneously sell a call option on the same underlying with the same expiration date further out of the money.

The Takeaway

A short put spread is an options strategy that allows you to collect a credit by selling an at-the-money put option and buying an out-of-the-money put with the same expiration on the same underlying security. A short put spread is a bullish strategy where you achieve your maximum profit if the stock closes at or above the strike price of the put option you sold. While this trading strategy has a limited downside risk, it provides a lower profit potential than buying the underlying security outright.

Short put spreads and other options trading strategies can be complicated for many investors. An options trading platform like SoFi’s can make it easier, thanks to its user-friendly design and offering of educational resources about options. Investors have the ability to trade options from the mobile app or web platform.

Trade options with low fees through SoFi.

FAQ

Is a short put spread bullish or bearish?

A short put spread is a neutral to bullish options strategy, meaning you believe the price of an underlying asset will increase during the life of the trade. You will make your maximum profit if the stock closes at or above the strike price of the higher-priced option at expiration.

How would you close a short put spread?

To close a short put spread, you enter a trade order opposite to the one you entered to open your position. This would mean buying to close the put you initially sold and selling to close the put you bought to open.

What does shorting a put mean?

Shorting a put means selling a put contract. When you sell a put option contract, you collect a premium from the put option buyer. You’ll get your maximum profit if the underlying stock closes at or above the put’s strike price, meaning it will expire worthless, allowing you to keep the initial premium you received when you opened the position.


Photo credit: iStock/akinbostanci

SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes.
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Guide to Investment Risk Pyramids

Guide to Investment Risk Pyramids

An investment risk pyramid is an illustration used to help investors understand the risk/reward profile of various assets. The investing risk pyramid uses a base, middle, and top to rank investments by the likelihood of losing money or seeing big gains. The tool is useful when getting started with investing.

Building a portfolio is no easy task. It requires due diligence and an assessment of your risk tolerance and return goals. The investment risk pyramid helps you determine what approaches work best for you.

What Are Investment Pyramids?

Investment pyramids are practical tools for gauging how risky certain asset types are. The pyramid model has been used in many areas for a long time, and it’s useful when learning what your risk tolerance is.

The investing risk pyramid has three levels grouped by risk/return profile. The safest securities are found in the large base; growth and moderately risky assets are in the middle; then the most speculative strategies are at the top.

How Investing Pyramids Work

There are many investing risk need-to-knows, and the pyramid of investment risk works by helping investors understand the connection between their asset allocation and their risk tolerance.

The visual should ultimately lead individuals to better grasp what percentage of their investable assets should go to which types of investments based on risk level and return potential.

Using a risk pyramid investment strategy provides a basic framework for analyzing portfolio construction. The investment risk pyramid is structured so that it suggests people hold a higher percentage of safer assets, and relatively little in the way of ultra-high-risk speculative assets.

Base of the Pyramid

Managing investment risk is among the most fundamental aspects of investing, and risk is controlled by ensuring an allocation to some safe securities. The base of the investment risk pyramid, which is the bulk of total assets, contains low-risk assets and accounts. Investments such as government bonds, money markets, savings and checking accounts, certificates of deposit (CDs), and cash are included in the base.

While these securities feature relatively minor risk, you might lose out to inflation over time if you hold too much cash, for example.

Middle of the Pyramid

Let’s step up our risk game a bit by venturing into the middle of the investing risk pyramid. Here we will find medium-risk assets. In general, investments with some growth potential and a lower risk profile are in this tier. Growth and income stocks and capital appreciation funds are examples.

Other holdings might include real estate, dividend stock mutual funds, and even some higher-risk bond funds.

Top of the Pyramid

At the top of the investment risk pyramid is where you’ll find the most speculative asset types and even margin investing strategies. Options, futures, and collectibles are examples of high-risk investments.

You will notice that the top of the pyramid of investment risk is the smallest – which suggests only a small portion of your portfolio should go to this high-risk, high-reward niche.

Sample Investment Pyramid

Here’s what a sample investment risk pyramid might contain:

Top of the pyramid, high risk: Speculative growth stocks, put and call options, commodities, collectibles, cryptocurrency, and non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Just a small amount should be allocated to the top of the pyramid.

Middle of the pyramid, moderate risk: Dividend mutual funds, corporate bond funds, blue-chip stocks, and variable annuities. Small-cap stocks and foreign funds can be included, too. A 30-40% allocation could make sense.

Base of the pyramid, low risk: U.S. government Treasuries, checking and savings accounts, CDs, AAA-rated corporate bonds. This might be 40-50% of the portfolio.

Pros and Cons of Investment Pyramids

The investment risk pyramid has advantages and disadvantages. Let’s outline those to help determine the right investing strategy for you.

Pros

The investing risk pyramid is useful as a quick introduction to asset allocation and bucketing. Another upside is that it is a direct way to differentiate asset types by risk.

Cons

While the investing risk pyramid is helpful for beginners, as you build wealth, you might need more elaborate strategies beyond the pyramid’s simplicity. Moreover, in the end, you determine what securities to own – the pyramid is just a suggestion.

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Examples of Low-Risk Investments

Let’s describe some low-risk investments in more detail since these are including the investment risk pyramid’s biggest tier.

Bonds

Bonds are essentially a loan you make to the government or other entity for a set amount of time. In return for lending your money, the debtor promises to pay you back at maturity along with periodic coupon payments, like interest.

Safer bonds include short-term Treasury bills while riskier bonds are issued by speculative companies at a higher yield.

Cash

Cash feels like a safe asset, but ideally you would store it in an interest-bearing savings account in order to keep up with inflation.

Also consider that holding too much cash can expose you to inflation risk, which is when cash loses value relative to the cost of living.

Bank Accounts

You can earn a rate of return through a SoFi bank account with FDIC insurance. Keeping an emergency fund in a checking account can be a prudent move so you can pay expenses without having to sell assets like stocks and bonds or take on debt.

Examples of High-Risk Investments

Let’s jump up top to the high-risk part of the investment risk pyramid. Here you will find assets and strategies that can earn big profits, but also expose you to serious losses. Margin trading is a method employed with some of these securities.

Margin Trading

Margin trading is using borrowed funds in an attempt to amplify returns. A cash account vs. margin account has key differences to consider before you go about trading. Trading with leverage offers investors the possibility of large short-term gains as well as the potential for outsize losses, so it perhaps best suited for sophisticated investors.

Options

Options on stocks and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are popular these days. Options, through calls and puts, are derivative instruments that offer holders the right but not the obligation to buy shares at a specific price at a pre-determined time. These are risky since you can lose your entire premium if the option contract strategy does not work out for the holder. Compound options are an ultra-risky option type. The reward potential is massive since options can go up thousands of percent if certain market conditions happen.

Collectibles

Collectibles and artwork are alternative investment types that may provide some of the benefits of diversification, but it’s hard to know what various items are worth since they are not valued frequently. Consider that stocks and many bonds are priced at least daily.

Collectibles might also go through fad periods and booms and bust cycles, which can add to the risk factors in this category.

Discovering Your Risk Tolerance

The investment risk pyramid is all about helping you figure out your ability and willingness to accept risk. It is a fundamental piece of being an investor. You should consider doing more research and even speaking with a financial advisor for a more detailed risk assessment along with an analysis of what your long-term financial goals are.

Start Margin Trading Today

Using an investment risk pyramid can make sense for many investors. It’s an easy, visual way to decide which asset classes you might want to hold in your portfolio, so that the percentage of each (i.e. your asset allocation) is aligned with your risk tolerance.

The other helpful aspect of the investment risk pyramid is that it presumes a bigger foundation in lower-risk investments (the bottom tier), with gradually smaller allocations to moderate risk and higher-risk assets, as you move up the pyramid. This can be helpful for a long-term strategy. In a nutshell, the investment risk pyramid helps you figure out how to allocate investments based on your risk tolerance and return objectives.

If you’re all set in terms of low- and moderate-risk investments, it could be time to explore how higher-risk, higher-return investments fit into your plan. Margin investing is a strategy that uses leverage to enable you to buy more of the investments you think have big growth potential. You can open a margin account with SoFi Invest and use it to buy stocks, for example. You can also invest without using margin, and buy exchange-traded funds (ETFs), IPO shares, fractional shares, and more. Round out your portfolio today!

FAQ

What are the levels of an investment pyramid?

The levels of an investment risk pyramid are low-risk at the base, moderate-risk in the middle, and high-risk at the top. The risk/return investment pyramid helps investors understand how to think about various assets they may want to own.

What does investment risk refer to?

Investment risk can be thought of as the variance in return, or how great the chance is that an investment will experience sharp losses. While the risk investment pyramid helps you build a portfolio, you should also recognize that a diversified stock portfolio performs well over time, while cash generally loses out due to the risk of inflation.

What are some examples of high-risk investments?

High-risk investments include speculative assets like options, trading securities on margin, and even some collectibles that might be hard to accurately value since they are based on what someone might be willing to pay for them. The low-risk to high-risk investments pyramid can include virtually any asset.


Photo credit: iStock/MicroStockHub

SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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