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Pharmacy school student loans are one way for potential pharmacists to subsidize some or all of the costs associated with attending pharmacy school. Knowing the pros and cons of pharmacy school loans can help you decide if this route is right for you.

Keep reading to learn how much it costs to attend pharmacy school, different ways to pay for it, what a pharmacy school loan covers, and the ins and outs of pharmacy school student loans.

Average Cost of Pharmacy School

The average cost of attending pharmacy school spans anywhere from $30,000 to $250,000.

It’s a wide range but, generally speaking, in-state, public schools are on the lower end of the scale, costing around $5,000 to $30,000 per year, while pharmacy programs at private institutions can run between $20,000 and $95,000 per year.

Average Student Loan Debt Pharmacy School

The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP)’s 2023 survey of pharmacy school graduates found that 82.2% of PharmD degree holders had to borrow money to get through school.

And the average student loan debt for pharmacy graduates, according to that same report, is $167,711.

There’s good news, though: The return on investment can be promising for pharmacists, whose median pay is around $136,030 per year, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

What Can You Use a Pharmacy School Student Loan on?

There are several ways a student loan can be used to cover the cost of a pharmacy school education:

Tuition

As evidenced above, tuition is one of the biggest pharmacy school expenses that can be covered by a pharmacy school student loan. Since it can cost upwards of $250,000 to complete a pharmacy program, student loans can be helpful in covering that cost.

Fees

The fees associated with attending pharmacy college vary based on the type of program the student attends, how many credit hours the student completes, and whether they’re an in-state or out-of-state student. In some cases, a pharmacy school may charge “comprehensive fees” that cover tuition, fees, and room and board.

Books and Supplies

Pharmacy school student loans can be used to pay for books, supplies, and other education-related expenses. To acquire the funds for books and supplies, pharmacy school student loans are first applied to a student’s tuition, required fees, and room and board bills. Then, any remaining funds get refunded to the borrower, either in the form of a check or through direct deposit. From there, the money can be used to pay for books and supplies.

Recommended: How to Pay for College Textbooks

Living Costs

Room and board is another expense that can be paid for with pharmacy school loans. Students can use their borrowed funds to pay for student housing — whether that’s in a dorm room or an off-campus apartment with roommates.

Pharmacy School Student Loans: Pros & Cons

Pros of Using a Pharmacy School Student Loan

Using a pharmacy school loan comes with some pros, including:

Student Loans for Pharmacy School Can Be Forgiven

In terms of pharmacists student loan forgiveness, there are several options for newly graduated pharmacists who need some help paying off their pharmacy school loans.

Typically, these forgiveness programs are available on a state or federal level.

A few different pharmacy student loan forgiveness options include:

•   Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF)

•   HRSA’s Faculty Loan Repayment Program

•   National Institutes of Health Loan Repayment Programs

•   Substance Use Disorder Workforce Loan Repayment Program

•   State-based student loan forgiveness programs

Salary

As mentioned above, the median pay for a pharmacist is $136,030 per year. For a pharmacy school graduate with student loan debt, this salary range could mean the difference between paying off loans and still having money left in the budget for living expenses, an emergency fund, and other types of savings.

Credit Score

Paying off pharmacy school student loans can be one way for a borrower to build their credit score. When building credit history, making on-time payments is a prominent factor, which can potentially have a beneficial effect on a borrower’s credit score. Although their credit score could face a minor dip right after paying off the loan, it should subsequently level out and eventually rise.

Cons of Using a Pharmacy School Student Loan

Pharmacy school student loans can also come with cons, including:

Debt

Since a pharmacy school loan is an installment loan, it’s considered a form of debt. As such, potential pharmacists are signing a long-term contract to repay a lender for the money they borrow. Should they find themselves on uneven financial ground, they may end up missing a payment or defaulting on the loan altogether, which could have a damaging effect on their credit report.

Late Payment Penalties

Many pharmacy school student loan lenders dole out fees for late payments. The terms of the loan are outlined by the lender before the borrower signs the agreement, but it’s important to read the fine print. Loan servicers can charge a late payment penalty of up to 6% of the missed payment amount.

Interest Rates

Student loans for graduate and doctoral degrees like pharmacy school have some of the highest interest rates of any type of student loan.

Even federally subsidized Grad PLUS Loans have a fixed interest rate of 9.08% for the 2024-25 school year, which could cause a pharmacy school student loan balance to climb high over time.

Average Interest Rates for Pharmacy School Student Loans

Pharmacy students have a variety of student loan options available to them. This table details the interest rate on different types of federal student loans that might be used to pay for a portion of pharmacy school.

Private student loans are another option that may help pharmacy students pay for their college education. The interest rates on private student loans are determined by the lender, based on factors specific to the individual borrower, such as their credit and income history.

Paying for Pharmacy School

Before looking into an undergraduate student loan option or a graduate student loan option, potential pharmacists might be able to secure other sources of funding to help them pay for pharmacy school.

Scholarships

Scholarships are funds used to pay for undergraduate or graduate school that do not need to be repaid to the provider.

They can be awarded based on many different types of criteria, including grade point average (GPA), athletic performance, community service, chosen field of study, and more. Scholarships might be offered by a college or university, organization, or institution.

For potential pharmacy school students, there are several available options for scholarships through their individual states and other providers. The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) is a great resource for finding a pharmacy school scholarship.

Grants

Unlike scholarships or loans, grants are sources of financial aid from colleges, universities, state/federal government, and other private or nonprofit organizations that do not generally need to be repaid.

The AACP breaks down grants and awards for health profession students and government subsidized grants for pharmacy school students on their website.

Recommended: The Differences Between Grants, Scholarships, and Loans

State Pharmacy School Loans

Some potential pharmacists may be eligible to participate in a state student loan program. The cost of attending a state pharmacy school will vary depending on whether or not the student lives in the same state as the school, so researching the accredited pharmacy programs by state can help them determine how much they’ll need to borrow.

Federal Pharmacy School Loans

The U.S. Department of Education offers Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized Loans to undergraduate and graduate pharmacy school students. The school will determine the loan type(s) and amount a pharmacy school student can receive each academic year, based on information provided by the student on the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®) form.

PLUS Loans are another federal pharmacy school loan option, eligible to graduate and professional students through schools that participate in the federal Direct Loan Program.

Private Pharmacy School Loans

A private student loan is another way for students to pay for pharmacy school. When comparing private student loans vs. federal student loans, it’s important to note that because private loans are not associated with the federal government, interest rates, repayment terms, and benefits will vary. For this reason, private student loans are considered an option only after all other financing sources have been exhausted.

When applying for a private pharmacy school loan, a lender will usually review the borrower’s credit score and financial history, among other factors.

Income-Driven Repayment Plans

Income-driven repayment plans may help borrowers qualify for lower monthly payments on their pharmacy school loans if their total debt at graduation exceeds their annual income.

These plans aim to make payments more affordable by capping them at a percentage of discretionary income. After 20-25 years of qualifying payments, the remaining loan balance may be forgiven.

•   Income-Based Repayment (IBR

•   Pay As You Earn (PAYE)

•   Revised Pay As You Earn (REPAYE)

•   Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR)

The Takeaway

Roughly 82% of pharmacy school graduates have student loans, according to the AACP. Pharmacy school loans can be used to pay for tuition and fees, living expenses, and supplies like books and required lab equipment.

Federal student loans can be used in combination with any scholarships and grants the student may qualify for.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

How long does it take to pay off pharmacy school loans?

Depending on the type of pharmacy school loan you take out (private vs. federal) and when the funds were distributed, it can take between five and 25 years to repay a pharmacy school student loan.

How can I pay for pharmacy school?

There are several ways to pay for pharmacy school, including federal student loans, private pharmacy school loans, scholarships, grants, and personal savings.

What is the average student loan debt for pharmacy school?

According to the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, the average student loan debt for pharmacy graduates is $167,711.

Photo credit: iStock/Vaselena

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SOISL-Q324-061

Index investing is a passive investment strategy in which you buy shares of an index fund that mirrors the composition and performance of a market index like the S&P 500.

Index investing is considered passive because index funds are formulated to follow the index and thus deliver market returns. There is no portfolio manager to oversee the fund or execute trades as there is with actively managed funds. Index funds can include mutual funds as well as exchange-traded funds (ETFs).

While index funds were once considered somewhat unsophisticated, a growing number of investors have come to embrace passive strategies in the last several years: In 2010, about 19% of total assets under management with U.S. investment firms were in passive funds. By 2023, passive strategies accounted for 48%.

Although index funds are considered passive, that doesn’t mean they are risk free; there are specific concerns for investors to bear in mind when considering index investing.

What Are Index Funds?

An index fund is a type of mutual fund or exchange-traded fund (ETF) that tracks the performance of a market segment — like large-cap companies — or a sector like technology, by following the benchmark index for that sector.

Index funds typically hold a portfolio of securities — e.g., stocks, bonds, or other assets — that are identical or nearly identical to those in the relevant index. The idea is to try to replicate the chosen benchmark’s performance as closely as possible.

Unlike actively managed funds, which employ a portfolio manager that seeks to outperform the benchmark by actively trading securities within the fund, index funds aim to provide returns based solely on the performance of that particular market or sector.

There is an ongoing debate about the merits of pursuing active vs. passive strategies. In 2023, passive investments tended to outperform their active counterparts, according to industry data analyzed by Morningstar. That said, active strategies outperformed under certain conditions, and for specific markets.

There are index funds for the U.S. bond market, the U.S. stock market, international markets, and countless others represented by various market indexes like the Russell 2000 index of small-cap companies, the Nasdaq 100 index of tech companies, and so on.

How Do Index Funds Work?

When you buy shares of an index fund — typically a mutual fund or ETF — your money is effectively invested in the many stocks or bonds that make up the particular index. This helps add some diversification to your portfolio, potentially more so than if you were buying individual securities.

In addition, index funds tend to be lower cost than active funds, because passive funds don’t require a live portfolio management team.

Passive investing comes with certain risks, however, chiefly the risk of being tied to the ups and downs of a specific market. Without an active manager at the helm, an index fund can only deliver market returns.

Why Index Funds Typically Cost Less

Because index funds are designed to track the securities in a given market index, an index fund’s portfolio is typically updated only when the constituents in the index itself change. Thus, there is typically low turnover in these funds, which helps keep overall costs low.

By contrast, actively managed funds typically employ a more frequent trading strategy in a quest for outperformance, which can add to the cost of the fund. In addition, active funds have a live portfolio manager and thus tend to charge higher fees.

Understanding the impact of investment fees is important to long-term performance, as many investors know.

How an Index Is Weighted

Some indexes give more weight to companies with a bigger market capitalization; these are market-cap-weighted indexes. This means index funds that track a weighted index, like the S&P 500, likewise allocate a higher percentage to those bigger companies — and those companies influence the performance of the index.

Indexes can also be weighted by price (with higher priced companies making up a higher proportion of the index) or by company fundamentals. While the weighting structure of the index may not matter to individual investors at first, it ultimately influences the holdings of any related index funds or ETFs, and may be something to bear in mind when selecting an index fund.

Well-Known Big Market Indexes

There are thousands of indexes in the U.S. alone, each one designed to reflect how a certain aspect of the market is doing. Some of the biggest indexes include:

•   S&P 500 Index — Standard & Poor’s 500 tracks the 500 largest companies in the U.S. by market capitalization.

•   Dow Jones Industrial Average (DIJA) — The Dow tracks 30 blue-chip companies; this is a price-weighted index.

•   Nasdaq Composite Index — The Nasdaq Composite tracks all of the tech companies listed in the Nasdaq stock exchange (one of the major U.S. exchanges); this is a price-weighted index.

•   Wilshire 5000 Index — The Wilshire 5000 is a market-cap-weighted index, and it’s considered a total market index because it tracks all publicly traded companies with headquarters in the United States.

•   Bloomberg Barclays Aggregate Bond Index — Nicknamed the “Agg,” this index tracks over $50 trillion in fixed-income securities, and is often considered an indicator of the economy’s health.

Top 10 Equity Index Funds

While the above list reflects some of the larger market indexes, these don’t dictate what the most popular index funds may be. Some index funds are more cost efficient or do a better job of tracking their benchmark than others.

Following are the top 10 low-cost U.S. equity index mutual funds and ETFs in 2024, according to Morningstar, Inc., the industry ratings and research company.

1.   DFA US Large Company (DFUSX)

2.   Fidelity 500 Index (FXAIX)

3.   Fidelity Mid Cap Index (FSMDX)

4.   Fidelity Total Market Index (FSKAX)

5.   Fidelity ZERO Large Cap Index (FNILX)

6.   iShares Core S&P 500 ETF (IVV)

7.   iShares Core S&P Total US Stock Market ETF (ITOT)

8.   iShares S&P 500 Index (WFSPX)

9.   Schwab US Mid-Cap Index (SWMCX)

10.   Schwab Total Stock Market Index (SWTSX)

How to Invest in Index Funds: Step by Step

Investing in index funds requires as much due diligence as investing in any single security. Here’s how to start.

Step 1: Determine Your Goals, Time Horizon, and Risk Tolerance

You may want to consider some of the basic tenets of investing as you select your index fund or funds. Will you be adding an index fund to an existing portfolio? Are you starting a taxable account? Is this for retirement?

Knowing your goals, your time frame, and how much risk you feel comfortable with will inform the funds you choose.

Step 2: Choose an Index Fund

The name of a particular index fund may catch your eye, but it’s essential to examine what’s inside an index fund’s portfolio before investing in it. Some index funds track a larger market, such as the S&P 500 or Russell 3000. Others track a more narrow or even niche sector of the market.

Determine what your short- and long-term goals are, and what markets you are interested in. You may want to start with a broad market index fund focused on equities or bonds. Or you may want to target certain sectors like technology, sustainability, or health care.

Step 3: Open a Brokerage Account

Open and fund a brokerage account or online brokerage account, and explore the index fund options available. Be sure to check potential fees and trading costs, as well as account minimums and cost per share. The price per share can vary widely.

Step 4: Buy Shares of an Index Fund

Once you’ve selected the fund(s) you want, execute the trade. Decide whether to create an automatic investment (e.g. every month) to support your goals.

Step 5: Consider Your Index Strategy

While it’s possible to simply add one index fund to your portfolio, it’s also possible to populate your entire portfolio using only index funds. Again, bear in mind the pros and cons of index strategies in light of your current and long-term goals for this investment, as well as your risk tolerance.

Potential Advantages of Index Investing

Index investing has a number of merits to consider. As noted above, index investing tends to be cost efficient, and may offer some portfolio diversification. In addition, investors may benefit from other aspects of passive strategies.

Easier to Manage

It might seem as if active investors could have a better chance at seeing significant returns versus index investors, but this isn’t necessarily the case. Day trading and timing the market can be difficult, and may result in big losses or underperformance. After all, few individual investors have the time to master the ins and outs of financial markets.

Index investing offers a lower-cost, lower-maintenance alternative. Because index funds simply track different benchmarks, individual investors don’t have to concern themselves with the success or failure of an active portfolio manager. Also, index investing doesn’t necessarily require a wealth manager or advisor — you can assemble a portfolio of index funds on your own.

Behavioral Guardrails

Investors who pursue active strategies may succumb to emotional impulses, like timing the market, which can impact their portfolio’s performance. Investing in index funds, which takes a more hands-off approach, may help restrain investor behavior — which may help portfolio returns over time.

According to the 30th annual Quantitative Analysis of Investor Behavior (QAIB) report by DALBAR, the market research firm, equity investors typically underperform the S&P 500 over time.

The QAIB report is based on data from Bloomberg Barclays indices, the Investment Company Institute (ICI), and Standard and Poor’s, as well as proprietary sources. The study examined mutual fund sales, redemptions, and exchanges each month, from Jan. 1, 1985 to December 31, 2023, in order to measure investor behavior, and then compared investor returns to a relevant set of indices.

In 2023, the average equity investor earned 5.50% less than the return of the S&P 500 for that year — a common pattern, as DALBAR research shows.

Potential Disadvantages of Index Investing

The potential upsides of passive strategies have to be weighed against the potential risks.

No Downside Protection

Index funds track the market they’re based on, whether that’s small-cap stocks or corporate bonds. So, if the market drops, so does the index fund that’s trying to replicate that market’s performance. There is no live manager who can try to offset losses; index investors have to ride out any volatility on their own.

No Choice About Investments

Individual investors themselves typically can’t change the securities in any mutual fund or ETF, whether passive or active. But whereas active strategies are based on trading securities within the fund, index funds rarely change up their portfolios — unless the index itself changes constituents (which does happen).

Index Investing: a Long-Term Strategy

Some investors may try to time the market: meaning, they try to buy high and sell low. Investing in index funds tends to work when you hold your money in the fund for a longer period of time; or if you rely on dollar-cost averaging.

Dollar-cost averaging is a method of investing the same amount consistently over time to take advantage of both high and low points in market prices. Generally speaking, this strategy tends to lower the average cost of your investments over time, which may support returns. But dollar-cost averaging can be inflexible, and limit an investor’s ability to respond to certain market conditions.

The Takeaway

Index investing is considered a passive strategy because index funds track a benchmark that reflects a certain part of the market: e.g. large-cap stocks or tech stocks or green bonds. Indexing is considered a low-cost way to gain broad market exposure. But index funds are not without risks, and it’s wise to consider index funds in light of your long-term goals.

Invest in what matters most to you with SoFi Active Invest. In a self-directed account provided by SoFi Securities, you can trade stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, options, and more — all while paying $0 commission on every trade. Other fees may apply. Whether you want to trade after-hours or manage your portfolio using real-time stock insights and analyst ratings, you can invest your way in SoFi's easy-to-use mobile app.

FAQ

What happens when you invest in an index?

You can’t invest in an index, per se, but you can invest in a fund that tracks a specific market index. When you invest in an index fund, you’re investing in not one stock, but in numerous stocks (or other securities, like bonds) that match that benchmark. A large-cap index fund would track big U.S. companies; an emerging market index fund would track emerging markets.

How much do index funds cost?

Index funds tend to have a lower annual expense ratio than actively managed funds, often under 0.05%. That said, investment fees can vary widely, and it’s essential to check a fund’s all-in costs.

Are index funds safe?

Investing in the capital markets always entails risk — no investment is 100% safe. That said, investing in an index fund may involve less risk than owning a single stock, because the range of securities in the fund’s portfolio provide some diversification. That doesn’t mean you can’t lose money. Index funds are only as stable as their underlying index.

Is it smart to put all your money in an index fund?

It’s possible to use an index investing strategy for your entire portfolio. Whether this makes sense for you is determined by your goals and risk tolerance. Index investing offers some potential advantages in terms of cost efficiency and broader market exposure, but comes with the risk of being tied to market returns, with no ability to adjust the portfolio allocation.

Photo credit: iStock/PixelsEffect

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.