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Credit union student loans are offered by member-owned financial institutions to help you cover college costs. While banks and online lenders also offer private student loans, credit unions often stand out by providing no-fee loans with competitive interest rates.

In this guide, we’ll walk you through how credit union student loans work, explore your options, weigh the pros and cons, and explain how to apply.

What Are Credit Union Student Loans?

Credit union student loans are private loans offered by credit unions to help students pay for college or other educational costs. Depending on your situation, they can be a good alternative to loans from big banks or once federal student loans have been exhausted.

Advantages of Credit Union Student Loans

Credit unions are all about putting their members first. Because they prioritize people over profits, they can offer perks like lower interest rates and fewer fees. Some credit unions even team up with others to share resources, making things more convenient and affordable for you.

Advantages include:

Lower costs: As nonprofits, credit unions don’t focus on making money for investors. This allows them to pass savings on to you through lower interest rates and fewer fees, helping you save on loans.

Member-focused: Credit unions are dedicated to helping their members. You’re likely to receive personalized attention and support from representatives who take the time to understand your needs and recommend the best services for you.

Flexibility: Credit unions may be more flexible with loan eligibility requirements for members. They might be more willing to work with students who are considered high-risk or don’t have a cosigner.

Eligibility Requirements

To get a student loan from a credit union, you typically need to be a member. Each credit union usually has its own membership guidelines, which might require you to work in a specific industry, belong to a certain group, live in a particular area, or attend a specific school.

If you have a family member who’s already a member, you might be able to join through them. Many credit unions allow immediate family members to become members, which could give you access to a student loan.

Keep in mind, though, there might be a membership fee, typically between $5 and $25.

When it comes to getting a student loan, each credit union has its own criteria, just like banks and online lenders. While private lenders often look for a credit score of 670 or higher, you might still qualify even if your score is lower.

Recommended: Do Credit Unions Help You Build Your Credit Score?

Types of Credit Union Student Loans

Here’s a look at the types of student loans offered by credit unions. Keep in mind, though, that options vary by credit union.

Private Student Loans

Private student loans from credit unions are a way to help cover college costs. While it’s recommended to use federal financial aid first, a private student loan from a credit union may help bridge the gap. These loans often have competitive interest rates and flexible terms, making them an appealing option to finance higher education costs.

Unlike federal student loans, though, how much you can borrow and the interest rate you get usually depend on your credit and income.

Student Loan Refinancing

Some credit unions offer student loan refinancing options, which may help you streamline your student debt and potentially save you money. When you refinance with a credit union, you’re essentially getting a new loan to pay off your existing ones, whether your loans are federal or private.

In other words, credit union refinancing for student loans lets you consolidate your loans into one payment, potentially with a lower interest rate and better terms if you qualify. And with just one monthly payment to manage, handling your debt could become much less stressful.

Keep in mind, though, that refinancing federal student loans into private student loans makes it so you’re no longer eligible for federal benefits, such as student loan forgiveness programs and income-driven repayment plans.

Recommended: Pros and Cons of Student Loan Refinancing

How to Apply for a Credit Union Student Loan

Applying for a student loan from a credit union is a straightforward process, but it’s important to understand the eligibility requirements, necessary documentation, and application process.

Step 1: Check Eligibility

Before applying for a student loan from a credit union, you’ll typically need to become a member. Some credit unions will let nonmembers apply, but to receive a loan you must be a member. If you’re already a member, make sure you meet their lending requirements — like being enrolled at least half-time.

Also, double-check to see if your school qualifies for private student loans. If you’re attending a community college or trade school, not all schools may be eligible, so it’s important to confirm.

Step 2: Gather Required Documents

If you meet the eligibility requirements, you can typically apply online, by visiting a branch, or by reaching out to the credit union directly.

When you’re ready to apply, you’ll typically need to share some basic information, like your name, Social Security number, and proof of income. It’s a good idea to check your credit score first, as lenders typically look for borrowers with a solid credit history, a good credit score (670-739), and a certain level of income.

If you’re concerned you might not qualify on your own, think about getting a cosigner. A student loan cosigner could increase your chances of getting approved and might even help you get a lower interest rate and better terms.

Step 3: Compare Loan Options

You may want to compare lenders in order to get the best rate and terms for your situation. Some lenders let you get prequalified, which helps you explore your options. Since prequalifying only involves a soft credit check, it won’t affect your credit score and you can see potential rates and terms without any worries.

In addition to exploring credit unions, it’s worth checking out other lenders that might offer competitive rates and terms.

Step 4: Submit Your Application

Once you choose your credit union or another lender, you can submit your official application. The lender will then usually do a hard credit check, and you’ll get the final approval decision.

Repaying Your Credit Union Student Loan

With some private student loans, you’ll need to make payments during school, while others let you hold off until you’ve graduated. To find out which one applies to your loan, check with your loan servicer or take a look at your loan documents.

It’s also a good idea to ask if the interest that builds up during the time you’re in school will be added to your principal balance when repayment starts.

When it comes time to make your payments, where you pay depends on your loan servicer. Most servicers let you pay online, but it’s smart to confirm this before your payments begin.

Many servicers also offer automatic payments, which automatically deduct your monthly payment from your bank account. This can help you avoid missing payments or getting hit with late fees.

Recommended: 6 Strategies to Pay Off Student Loans Quickly

Tips for Managing Credit Union Student Loans

Here are a few tips for managing your credit union private student loans.

Make a budget. Knowing where your money goes each month is key to setting aside funds for loan payments. Review your income and expenses to see where you can cut back, and try to allocate more toward paying off your loans.

Compare repayment options. Unlike federal loans, repayment options with credit unions and other private lenders can vary. If you’re struggling to keep up with payments, check if your lender offers plans like interest-only repayments, which allow you to defer the principal.

Make extra payments. Whether it’s biweekly payments instead of monthly or tossing in extra cash when you can, paying a bit more here and there can help you pay off your loans faster. Just be sure to request that any extra funds go directly toward the principal balance.

Sign up for autopay. Many private lenders offer an automatic payment option. By enrolling in autopay, you can ensure you never miss a payment.

Focus on high-interest debt. If you have multiple student loans, paying off the one with the highest interest rate first could save you money in the long run.

Consider refinancing your loans. If managing your payments feels overwhelming, you can refinance your student loans. This allows you to combine multiple student loans into one, ideally with a lower interest rate or more favorable terms.

The Takeaway

Credit unions offer private student loans to help cover college expenses like tuition and books. Unlike federal student loans, these private loans don’t offer the same flexible repayment options or borrower protections. It’s best to use your federal aid first, and then turn to private student loans if needed.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

Can you use a credit union for a student loan?

Yes, some credit unions offer private student loans to their members. These loans work similarly to those provided by banks or online lenders, often with competitive interest rates and additional member perks.

Are student loans from credit unions considered private?

Yes, student loans from credit unions are considered private since they’re funded by the credit union, not the government. While they don’t offer the same federal benefits and protections, they often come with competitive rates and special perks for members.

Is it more difficult to get a student loan from a credit union?

Getting a student loan from a credit union usually depends on your credit history and being a member. Membership might require living in a certain area or belonging to a specific group. But once you’re in, you could benefit from more personalized service and potentially better rates than what you may find with other lenders.

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Photo credit: iStock/hobo_018

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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When you’re facing $100,000 in student loan debt, you may wonder if you’ll ever be able to pay it all off. To make it even more daunting, you’re probably facing tens of thousands of dollars in interest charges.

Fortunately, there are a number of strategies to make your payments manageable and more affordable. Learn how to pay off 100K in student loans and find the repayment option that’s best for you.

Understanding Your $100,000 Student Loan Debt

According to the Education Data Initiative, 8% of borrowers owe more than $100,000 in student loan debt. As the interest continues to build on the loan, you’ll owe even more than $100,000 over time. That’s what makes living with student loan debt so challenging.

For example, if you have a $100,000 loan balance with a 7% interest rate and a 10-year repayment term, you’ll owe $39,330 in interest payments over the life of the loan. So your $100,000 loan becomes $139,330, with monthly payments of $1,161.

The longer you take to pay off your $100,000 in student loans, the more you’ll pay. But of course, your payments also need to fit into your budget each month, along with your rent, utilities, and other necessities.

Breaking Down Federal and Private Loans

There are key differences between federal and private student loans that can affect how you repay what you owe. Federal student loans come from the Department of Education, while private student loans are offered by private institutions like banks, credit unions, and online lenders.

Federal student loans have fixed interest rates, flexible repayment options, and federal protections and programs such as income-driven repayment plans and loan forgiveness.

Private student loans are often used to help fill the gap that federal loans, scholarships, and other financial aid doesn’t cover. These loans may have fixed or variable interest rates, and they often require a cosigner. Private student loans don’t offer the same flexible repayment options or federal programs that federal student loans do.

Check to see what kinds of loans you have. You may have federal student loans only or a combination of federal and private student loans. Knowing exactly what your loans are will help you determine the best way to tackle your debt.

Recommended: Student Loan Debt Guide

Calculating Interest and Total Repayment Costs

Once you’ve identified the kinds of student loans you have, calculate how much your total repayment cost, including interest, will be based on the loan term of your current repayment plan. With federal student loans, unless you pick another plan, you will automatically be placed on the 10-year Standard Plan.

You can check with your student loan service provider to get your total student loan costs. You can also use a student loan calculator or calculate it yourself.

To determine how much the monthly simple interest on your loan will be, you first need to calculate the daily interest on the loan. To do this, divide the loan’s interest rate by 365 and multiply that number by the principal amount. Then multiply the resulting number by the number of days in your billing cycle.

On a $100,000 loan with an interest rate of 6.00% and a repayment term of 10 years, your monthly payment would be $1,110.21, and $276.88 of that would be interest.

That adds up to $33,224.60 in interest over the life of the loan, giving you a total loan repayment cost of $133,224.60.

Creating a Budget and Repayment Plan

To start paying off $100,000 in student loans, it helps to create a budget. You might consider using a popular budgeting technique such as the 50/30/20 rule, which allocates 50% of your income toward needs (housing, utilities, bills), 30% toward wants (nonessential items like dining out and entertainment), and 20% toward savings and investments. You may decide to forgo a big chunk of the wants and direct that extra money into paying off your student loans.

Once you’ve set up a budget, evaluate your loan repayment options. The Standard Plan with its 10-year repayment term might not be the best choice for you, especially if the monthly payments are too steep. Instead, you may want to consider income-driven repayment (IDR) plans. These plans are designed for borrowers who have a high debt relative to their income.

With income-driven repayment, your monthly payment amount is based on your income and family size. Your loan term will be approximately twice as long as on the Standard Plan. However, the longer loan term means you will pay more interest over time.

Exploring Loan Consolidation and Refinancing

Student loan consolidation and refinancing are two other possible options to help manage student loan debt.

Consolidating Federal Student Loans

When you have multiple federal student loans, you can consolidate them into a new federal Direct Consolidation Loan. With this loan, you can choose more flexible loan terms, like a longer time to repay the loan. You’ll also simplify your payments. Instead of making several different loan payments, with consolidation you make just one payment.

Refinancing with Private Lenders

When you refinance your student loans, you replace your current loans with a new loan from a private lender. Ideally, you might be able to qualify for better rates and terms.

It’s possible to refinance private student loans, federal student loans, or a combination of both types. However, if you refinance your federal student loans into private loans, you’ll lose access to the federal programs and protections those loans offer, such as deferment, forbearance, forgiveness, and income-driven repayment plans.

Recommended: Private Student Loans Guide

Weighing the Pros and Cons

There are benefits and drawbacks to refinancing and consolidating your student loans. Here are the pros and cons of each option.

Pros of federal student loan consolidation:

•   Simplified payments.You’ll have a single monthly loan payment, rather than multiple payments.

•   Lower monthly payment. You might be able to get a lower monthly payment, but that means you’ll make more payments over a longer term.

•   Longer loan term. Consolidation gives you the flexibility to choose a lengthier loan term.

Cons of federal student loan consolidation:

•   Consolidation may result in more payments and interest over time if you extend your loan term.

•   With consolidation you might lose certain benefits such as interest rate discounts, principal rebates, and loan cancellation benefits.

•   A longer loan term could mean you’ll be making payments for years longer than your original term.

•   Consolidating your loans might cause you to lose credit for payments made toward income-driven repayment plan forgiveness.

Refinancing student loans also has advantages and disadvantages.

Pros of student loan refinancing:

•   You may get a lower interest rate. If you qualify for a lower interest rate, you could save money. A student loan refinancing calculator can help you determine what you might save.

•   You might qualify for better terms. You may be able to extend the length of your loan, which could lower your monthly payment.

•   Simplified payments. With refinancing, you only have one payment each month, rather than multiple loan payments.

Cons of student loan refinancing:

•   You’ll lose federal protections and programs. When you refinance your student loans with a private lender, you lose all federal benefits and protections, including deferment and forbearance.

•   No access to income-driven repayment plans. IDR plans are another thing you give up with refinancing.

Utilizing Repayment Assistance Programs

Loan repayment assistance programs (LRAPs) are another resource that could help you manage your student debt. States, employers, and other organizations may offer these programs that can help you repay your student loans.

Do some research to find out if there are any LRAPs you might qualify for — for instance, some are offered to college grads that work in public service fields — and check with your employer to find out if they offer such a program.

Strategies for Accelerating Loan Repayment

There are several different strategies for repaying your student loans faster, which could help you save money over the long term. Here are some options to consider.

•   Start paying off your loans sooner. If possible, make student loan payments while you’re still in school or during the six-month grace period after graduation. If you can’t afford to make full payments, pay off enough to cover the interest each month and keep it from accruing.

•   Sign up for automatic payments. Making your loan payments automatic will ensure that they’re made on time, and prevent any late penalty charges. Plus, you may get an interest rate deduction for enrolling in an automatic payment program.

•   Pay a little extra each month. Paying more than the minimum on your loan can help you pay off the loan faster. It can also reduce the amount of interest you’ll pay.

•   Put any extra money toward your loans. Use a windfall, a tax refund, or birthday money from family members to help pay off your student loan.

•   Consider student loan refinancing. With refinancing you may be able to qualify for a lower interest rate or a shorter loan term.

The Takeaway

A student loan debt of $100,000 might seem daunting, but there are ways to repay your loans that might also save you money or allow you to pay off your loans faster. Options include income-driven repayment plans, putting additional money toward your loan payments each month, loan consolidation, or student loan refinancing. Weigh the pros and cons of the different options to decide which one is best for you.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQ

How long will it take to pay off 100K in student loans?

The length of time it will take to pay off $100K in student loans depends on a variety of factors, including the repayment plan you choose and whether or not you regularly make extra payments toward your student loans each month. For instance, if you’re on the Standard Repayment plan for federal student loans and you don’t make additional payments on your loans, it will typically take you 10 years to pay off your loans. If you opt for an income-driven repayment plan, your loan repayment term will generally be 20 years or longer.

Can I settle student loan debt for less than I owe?

It’s difficult to settle student loan debt for less than you owe. However, if you find yourself in very dire circumstances and your loans are in default, you may be able to get a student loan settlement. That means you pay off your student loans for less than you owe typically in one lump sum, depending on the settlement terms. Your lender must be willing to work with you in order to qualify for a student loan settlement. Check with your loan servicer for more information.

What happens if I can’t make my student loan payments?

If you can’t make your student loan payments, reach out to your lender or loan servicer right away to let them know you’re struggling. They will explain the options you have, which might include income-driven repayment plans, forbearance, or deferment. It’s important to reach out to the lender or loan servicer immediately because if you miss payments, they may report the missed payments to the credit reporting agencies, which can hurt your credit.

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SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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All college students are required to declare a major, but what about a minor? This is a question many students find themselves asking halfway through their college curriculum.

Knowing about what a minor is, what it entails, and if it’s something that can bolster your career can help determine if it’s really right for you.

Keep reading to learn more about what a college minor is, how it differs from a major, and the pros and cons that come with it.

Defining a College Minor

A college minor, sometimes referred to as a “mini major,” is a group of courses you take in a certain discipline. Minors in college can complement your chosen college major or be totally unrelated.

While most colleges don’t require a student to declare a minor, some do. Schools may have a definitive criteria about your choice of minor. For instance, you may not be able to pursue a minor in the same department as your major.

For the most part a college minor is voluntary, and a student may not feel it’s important enough to take on the additional coursework in addition to their main area of study. Instead, they may want to have complete freedom to use those class credits for electives that may not be as labor intensive.

Differences Between a Major and Minor

Your major is the main area of specialty that determines the type of bachelor’s degree you’ll earn. It’s the field of study you’ve chosen based on your professional aspirations. One way to think of it is that your major is your primary job and your minor is more of a side gig.

When you’re finally awarded your college diploma, it will be for your major, not your minor. That’s because a college minor is typically considered optional and not a requirement for your core curriculum. Even if your school is one that does require you to choose a minor, it won’t be reflected on your degree unless your school is one with an exception to that rule. However, it will most likely be included in your college transcript.

Another key distinction between a college major and a minor is the amount of coursework you have to complete and how much it counts toward your final credits. Depending on your school, a major will make up one-third to one-half of the school’s credits needed to graduate, which is typically 120 credits for a four-year program.

In general, a college major will require you to complete at least 10 courses compared to five to seven classes for a minor. A minor typically requires anywhere between 16 and 30 credits.

Recommended: Credit Hours: What Are They & Why They Matter

Benefits of Pursuing a College Minor

There are many upsides to tacking on a college minor. If you’re wondering whether or not it’s worth pursuing, consider these pros:

Explore Complementary Interests

A college minor related to your major allows you to expand your expertise in that related field. For instance, if you’re a biology major and decide to minor in chemistry, you’re already familiar with the basics of science and look at things from a scientific perspective. There are similar analytical skills you can apply.

But even if your minor is in a different area, there are still ways it can positively impact your major. An example is if you’re majoring in political science, you may want to minor in public speaking, which can be helpful if you have any ambitions to run for elected office.

You may even find your minor is more exciting and decide to change your major to that area of interest, or decide to combine the two disciplines and pursue a double major.

However, before making any big changes, it’s a good idea to talk to your academic advisor. Depending on when you decide to do a change-up, it could add extra time toward getting your degree. This can translate into additional costs and more student debt.

Develop Secondary Skill Sets

Regardless of whether your minor directly corresponds to your major, you’re acquiring and polishing both hard and soft skills. Those more technical hard skills can be directly applied to the type of work your career requires. Soft skills, on the other hand, are more of a social and interpersonal nature. Both are important to employers and offer skills they want their prospective employees to have under their belt.

Enhance Marketability and Job Prospects

Homing in on a subject offers you the opportunity to develop more of an in-depth knowledge and expertise. A minor shows your well-roundedness, flexibility, and the ability to wear other hats. For example, a marketing major who minored in communications can be an asset in the areas of advertising, journalism, and public relations.

A complementary minor can also give you a more solid base and deeper understanding of some issues you may deal with in your occupation. If a nursing major chooses to minor in psychology, it can help them better understand patient behavior.

Overall, a minor shows a level of seriousness and willingness to challenge oneself. These are qualities that can go a long way and put you at an advantage when applying for your first job out of school, graduate school, or even for a college internship.

Recommended: 6 Ways to Save Money for Grad School

Popular College Minor Options

There are certain college minors that attract more students than others. Here are some popular ones:

STEM Minors

STEM, which stands for science, technology, engineering, and math, consists of natural, physical, and life sciences; computers; electronics and other types of tech; all kinds of engineering; mathematics; and areas that rely on the principles of math. Examples of STEM minors include computer science, kinesiology or exercise science, civil engineering, and statistics.

Deciding on a STEM subject for your minor can give you a leg up in the job market. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, job opportunities in the STEM field are expected to grow 7% by 2032, compared to 2% for all occupations.

Business Minors

With a business minor, you can take classes in accounting, marketing, human resources, and e-commerce. Choosing business as a minor allows you to learn the fundamentals of business, which can be extremely valuable and practical out in the real world.

Knowing more about how business is conducted and becoming more savvy about finance benefits you both professionally and personally. Career-wise, it can come in handy if you’re applying for a job that may require a deeper understanding of certain business practices. In your own life, you may even get a better handle on your own financial situation when it comes to managing private student loans and staying on top of how to pay for college.

Recommended: 4 Student Loan Repayment Options and How to Choose the Right One for You

Liberal Arts Minors

Liberal arts is a field with a broad range of disciplines, including creative arts, social sciences, humanities, and more. People who decide to minor in liberal arts may choose sub-studies in English, psychology, sociology, anthropology, philosophy, or communication.

For someone with a very demanding major, a liberal arts minor can offer a less taxing curriculum. Instead of being geared toward technical skills, liberal arts classes give students an opportunity to focus on critical thinking, collaboration, creativity, and verbal and written communication skills.

Language and Cultural Minors

Minors specializing in different aspects of cultural heritage and language can expose a student to different world views, beliefs, and practices.

A foreign language minor allows you the ability to become bilingual or multilingual, which is a huge asset in the workforce where there’s an increasing demand for people who speak other languages. You may want to expand on your high school language classes or minor in a completely new one.

A language minor may also be one in linguistics, which is the study of language structure, including phonetics, syntax, semantics, and the history of how language has changed over time. Students may also find there’s an option at their college to minor in American Sign Language.

Cultural studies minors are designed to study all types of cultures, their histories, and perspectives. These can include groups based on class, gender, ethnicity, race, religion, and geographical location. Classes in popular culture, women’s studies, world religions, and African-American or Asian studies are some examples of cultural studies minors.

Choosing a Complementary College Minor

Picking a minor in general adds extra knowledge and allows you to build more expertise in another subject. Minoring in a complementary course of study, however, shows you’re serious about exploring an area that closely aligns with your major.

Regardless of whether your minor directly corresponds to your major, you’ve decided to use a portion of your credits toward another group of required classes, and that indicates a commendable level of focus and commitment.

Potential Drawbacks of a College Minor

There are some cons that can come with declaring a minor. For one, a minor can take up a lot of time, so you’ll want to make sure it’s an area you’re genuinely curious about and have a real interest in. Consider the amount of work you’ll have to do, such as writing papers, studying, and taking exams. These additional classes could end up adding unnecessary stress to your major’s workload.

A minor could also end up costing you more money, especially if you declare a minor late in the game. You may not be able to get all the necessary classes before graduation, which means you may have to extend your education by a semester or more.

The Takeaway

A minor is, in most cases, an optional supplementary course of study that can broaden your knowledge, expand your skill set, and open up more career options after graduation. Having a college minor can also make your undergrad studies a lot more fun, especially if it’s a topic where you have a strong personal interest.

Ways to finance your minor include cash savings, scholarships, grants, and both federal and private student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

What’s the difference between a minor and concentration?

A minor can be a secondary course of study in any area, while a concentration is a sub-group of structured classes that directly relate to your major. For example, if you’re an English major, your concentration may be in creative writing, made up of poetry, fiction, nonfiction prose, and dramatic writing classes.

Do minors appear on your diploma or transcript?

Minors will appear on your transcript, but the mass majority of colleges and universities don’t include it on your diploma. The standard practice is to list only the student’s major on their bachelor’s degree.

How late in your college career can you add a minor?

Most colleges ask students to choose their major by the end of sophomore year or beginning of their junior year, which can also be an ideal time to choose a minor. You could declare it before you start your senior year, but it’s important to consider the fact you’ll have to cram all of that minor’s classes into one year’s time. This could impact your graduation date if you need to carry your studies over to another semester in order to fulfill your minor’s requirements.

Do minors impact financial aid eligibility?

It depends. Federal financial aid rules mandate only courses required for your major and degree program are eligible. However, classes required for a minor may be eligible for financial aid if they also satisfy major, core, or elective requirements for your degree. Otherwise, financial aid will be reconfigured or removed to reflect eligibility based on qualifying courses.

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SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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There’s no question that furthering your education can be an expensive endeavor. But depending on what you study, students in some majors can expect to pay a significantly higher price than others.

If your goal is to study law, medicine, or veterinary medicine, for example, and you plan to get a graduate degree, you could end up owing five or six times more than the average person with a bachelor’s degree.

Whether you choose your major out of passion or for the potential paycheck — or both — only time will tell if you’ll get the outcome you’re hoping for. In the meantime, it can be a good idea to look at how much you might have to borrow to finance the course of study you’re considering.

Student Loan Debt in America

How much do student loan borrowers in the United States owe after college?

According to the Federal Reserve’s most recent numbers, outstanding U.S. student loan debt reached $1.74 trillion in the second quarter of 2024. That’s nearly triple what the Fed says Americans owed in 2006.

Gen Xers have the most student loan debt out of any other generation, with an average balance of $44,290 per borrower. Baby boomers have the second-largest amount at $42,520 per borrower, and millennials average $32,800 per borrower.

And the United States isn’t the only country with a high amount of student debt. In England, the value of outstanding loans reached £236 billion (approximately $261 billion in U.S. dollars) at the end of March 2024. The government there forecasts the value of outstanding loans will be around £500 billion (approximately $553 billion in U.S. dollars) by late 2040s.

While student loan forgiveness and other reforms are often discussed here and abroad, little is happening so far.

Recommended: Average Student Loan Debt: By Career

Average Student Loan Debt

According to the Education Data Initiative, the average federal student loan debt balance is $37,853 per borrower. And if you include private loan debt, the average balance may be as high as $40,681.

Of course, the amount you might borrow (or have borrowed) could vary significantly depending on your major and the degree required to pursue your chosen profession.

The average student loan debt for a borrower with a bachelor’s degree, for example, is about $30,500. But if your major moves you on to a graduate degree, the cost can move on, as well — to an average of $65,667 for the graduate degree only ($84,203 on average in total student loan debt). And if you’re thinking about a degree in law or medicine, your debt could be in the hundreds of thousands.

Federal student loan programs also allow graduate students to borrow more money than undergraduates. Though there’s a $31,000 cap on federal loans for undergraduate students who are dependents, graduate students may be eligible to borrow up to the full cost of attendance through the federal Grad Plus program.

Other factors that affect the amount students end up borrowing can include the cost of living in the state where the school is located, whether the school is public or private, and whether the student is paying in-state or out-of-state tuition.

Recommended: How to Pay for College

Student Loan Debt by Major

When you first start thinking about how to choose your college major, it’s likely you base your top choices on the academic subjects you’ve always been good at or things you’re interested in. Maybe you have a passion for a subject you feel destined to pursue.

If you’re a practical person, you also may have considered what career that degree might potentially lead to, and how much you’d earn if it became your profession.

What you may not have thought about — at least not at first — was how much it might cost you to major in one subject vs. another. Or if you might have to get an advanced degree in your major to actually get the job, or paycheck, of your dreams.

Here’s a look at the average student loan debt for some popular degrees:

Law Degree

$160,000 upon graduating

74% graduate in debt

Medical Degree

$243,483 upon graduating

73% have educational debt

Recommended: What Is the Average Medical School Debt?

Dental School

$296,500 upon graduating

82% take out student loans

Nursing

Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN): $23,302

Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN): $28,917

Master of Science in Nursing (MSN): $49,047

Almost 70% take out student loans.

Recommended: A Look at the Average Cost of Nursing School 

Business Administration

$41,000 to $170,000 for MBA students

54% of MBA graduates take out loans

Architecture

$40,000 in debt

(% who borrow not available)

Veterinary Medicine

$179,505 on average

82% graduate with debt

Pharmacy

$167,711

82.2% take out student loans

Education/Teaching

$55,800

45% take out loans

Communication/Journalism

Bachelor’s degree: $31,651

Master’s degree: $27,911

(% with loans not available)

Associate Degree Debt by Major

Below is the average debt of students graduating with an associate degree based on major, per Education Data Initiative:

•   Alternative and Complementary Medicine and Medical Systems: $38,533

•   Computer Systems Analysis: $27,924

•   Behavior Sciences: $21,859

•   Construction Management: $19,423

•   Marketing: $16,628

•   Animal Sciences: $12,705

•   Education, General: $11,035

•   Engineering, General: $10,299

•   Biological and Physical Sciences: $7,591

Bachelor’s Degree Debt by Major

Below is the average debt of students graduating with a bachelor’s degree based on major, per Education Data Initiative:

•   Behavioral Sciences: $42,822

•   Computer Programming: $28,586

•   Education, General: $28,001

•   Music: $26,600

•   Architecture: $26,468

•   Construction Engineering: $26,025

•   Social Work: $24,863

•   Accounting and Related Services: $24,086

•   Economics: $20,700

•   Human Biology: $17,994

•   Science Technologies/Technicians, General: $9,529

Master’s Degree Debt by Major

Below is the average debt of students graduating with a master’s degree based on major, per Education Data Initiative:

•   Advanced/Graduate Dentistry and Oral Sciences: $158,155

•   General Sales: $104,650

•   Real Estate Development: $97,023

•   Landscape Architecture: $80,409

•   International Business: $65,052

•   Public Health: $48,726

•   Engineering Science: $45,887

•   Insurance: $43,408

•   Construction Management: $37,620

•   Engineering, General: $33,235

•   Education, General: $29,434

Doctoral Degree Debt by Major

Below is the average debt of students graduating with a doctoral degree based on major, per Education Data Initiative:

•   Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Administration: $310,330

•   Psychology, Other: $187,804

•   Public Administration: $146,194

•   Health and Medical Administration Services: $101,589

•   Education, General: $82,131

•   Biology, General: $42,879

Federal vs Private Student Loan Debt

As these student loan debt statistics show, the rising cost of attending college can be a heavy financial burden for many Americans. And because there are limits on how much students can borrow in federal loans each year, many turn to private student loans to help cover their education bills.

The national private student loan balance now exceeds $128 billion, according to EducationData.org, which says 88.93% of that balance is in undergraduate loans and 11.07% is in graduate student loans.

Private student loans are a pretty small piece of the overall outstanding student loan debt in the United States — about 8.84%. But the number of students taking out private loans is growing. Student loan borrowers owe 71% more in private student loan debt than they did a decade ago, the Student Borrower Protection Center reports.

Recommended: Private Student Loans vs Federal Student Loans

The Takeaway

No matter what your major is, there’s a good chance you may have to take on some debt to get the education you need and want.

And the final bill could be substantial: The average federal loan debt balance is $37,843 per borrower, but if you choose a major that requires a graduate degree, it could be two or three times that amount, or more.

Most student borrowers use federal loans to help pay for their education. But a combination of federal and private loans may be necessary to cover all your costs.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

How much student loan debt is there in the United States?

According to the Federal Reserve’s most recent numbers, outstanding U.S. student loan debt reached $1.74 trillion in the second quarter of 2024.

What is the average U.S. student loan debt per student?

According to Education Data, the average federal student loan debt balance is $37,843 per borrower. If you include private loan debt, the average balance may be as high as $40,681.

Who owns the most student debt?

The federal government — or, more specifically, the U.S. Department of Education — owns about 92.5% of all student loan debt in America.

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Photo credit: iStock/FabrikaCr

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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Between 2000 and 2021, the average published tuition and fees increased from the following amounts, after adjusting for inflation, according to Best Colleges:

•   $2,146 to $3,564 at public two-year schools

•   $5,638 to $9,596 at public four-year schools

•   $25,468 to $37,222 at private nonprofit four-year institutions

This article will cover the average cost of college tuition and fees in 2024, the increase in college tuition costs, the reasons for the rise of average college tuition, and college tuition options you may want to consider for yourself.

Average Cost of College in 2023-24

In 2023-24, the average published price for tuition and fees for full-time undergraduate students were as follows, according to the College Board’s Trends in College Pricing and Student Aid:

•   $11,260 for public four-year in-state institutions, $270 higher than in 2022-2023

•   $29,150 for public four-year out-of-state institutions, $850 higher than in 2022-2023

•   $3,990 for public two-year in-district institutions (including average community college tuition), $100 higher than in 2022-2023

•   $41,540 for private nonprofit four-year institutions, $1,600 higher than in 2022-2023

Recommended: Average Cost of College Tuition

Increase in College Tuition Cost Over the Last 10 Years

Generally speaking, tuition has increased in the past decade. According to data from the College Board, the average published tuition price at a four-year nonprofit university during the 2013-2014 school year was $30,094, while in 2023-2024 that number jumped to $41,540.

Reasons for the Rise of Average College Tuition

The rise of college tuition over the past few decades can be attributed to several key factors, including:

Reduced State Funding

One of the primary reasons for rising tuition costs, especially at public institutions, is the decline in state funding for higher education. As states allocate less money to colleges and universities, these institutions often compensate by increasing tuition to cover budget shortfalls.

Increased Administrative Costs

Colleges have expanded administrative staff and services, including student support, campus amenities, and compliance with federal regulations. This growth in administrative functions adds to overall expenses, which are often passed on to students in the form of higher tuition.

Expansion of Campus Facilities

Many colleges invest in new buildings, state-of-the-art facilities, and upgraded dormitories to attract prospective students and remain competitive. These capital expenditures are expensive and often lead to increased tuition to help finance the construction and maintenance of these facilities.

Rising Faculty Salaries and Benefits

The cost of faculty salaries and benefits, including health care and retirement plans, has risen steadily. As colleges strive to attract and retain top talent, these increased personnel costs contribute to higher tuition.

Student Demand for More Services

There is a growing demand from students for more comprehensive services, such as mental health counseling, career advising, and extracurricular activities. Providing these additional services requires funding, which often results in tuition hikes to cover these enhanced offerings.

Together, these factors create a complex landscape where college tuition continues to rise, making affordability a significant concern for many students and families.

Recommended: How to Pay for College

Total Cost of College Over Time

While the cost of tuition has increased over the years, the prices of room and board, books, school supplies, and other necessities have also risen. The cost of room and board has almost doubled since the 1960s, going from $6,700 to more than $12,000, according to Best Colleges.

On Campus vs. Off Campus

How much you spend on college will vary depending on whether you live at home, on campus, or off campus. The College Board found that the cost of living on campus has increased slightly faster than the cost of living off campus, such as in an apartment or house with friends.

Total Cost of College Over Time by School Type

Of course, the type of school you attend (public or private) will also affect the total cost of attendance. Over the last nearly 60 years, the average cost across all institutions has increased 135%. It increased the most at private institutions at 187% and the least at two-year colleges, at 69%.

College Financing Options

Numerous college financing options exist for students. Students can tap into various options to pay for costs. Undergraduate students received an average of $15,480 of financial aid 2022-2023, according to the College Board’s Trends in College Pricing and Student Aid.

Students may rely on scholarships, grants, work-study, and student loans, in addition to personal savings to pay for their education.

Scholarships

Scholarships refer to money received from colleges or other organizations that students don’t have to pay back. Only about 7% of students receive scholarships, with the average student who receives one getting $14,890 annually at a four-year institution.

Student Loans

Students can take advantage of federal or private loans. Federal loans are provided by the U.S. Department of Education. To apply for a federal student loan, students need to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®) each year.

Private student loans are provided by banks, credit unions, and other financial institutions. These are separate from any sort of federal aid, and as a result, lack the protections afforded to federal student loans — like income-driven repayment options or the ability to apply for Public Service Loan Forgiveness. For this reason, private student loans are generally considered by students only after they have reviewed and exhausted all other options for financing.

Recommended: How to Complete the FAFSA Step by Step

Grants

Students can tap into federal, state, or institutional grants. Grants can also come from employers or private sources. Like scholarships, grants typically do not need to be repaid. They are mostly awarded based on financial need, and students will generally need to complete the FAFSA to qualify for them.

Work-Study

Students can get a work-study award, which is money they must earn when they attend college. They must file the FAFSA in order to qualify for work-study and must work a job on campus to receive the money.

Personal Savings

According to Sallie Mae’s annual How America Pays for College 2024 report, 37% of students receive help from their parents to pay for college, and 11% use their own income and savings. Strategies for parents paying for college include things like setting up an account designed to help parents save for college or other educational expenses, putting work bonuses or tax refunds into savings, and setting aside funds each month to put toward college.

The Takeaway

The average college tuition continues to increase. In 2000, the college tuition at a private four-year institution was $15,470, and now in 2024 it’s $38,421. There are a number of reasons for increasing tuition rates, including factors like a decrease in state funding, lack of regulation, and an increase in operating costs at colleges and universities.

Many students rely on financial aid to pay for college. Financial aid includes federal student loans, certain grants and scholarships, and work-study programs.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

How much has college tuition increased since 2000?

Since 2000, college tuition has significantly increased, jumping about 65% between 2000 and 2021. This surge reflects growing education costs, which have outpaced inflation and wage growth, making higher education increasingly expensive and contributing to the student loan debt crisis faced by many graduates.

How much has the total cost of college increased over the last decade?

Over the last decade, the total cost of college, including tuition, fees, room, and board, has increased by about 10% at public institutions and around 19% at private institutions. This rise reflects growing expenses in education and living costs, making college significantly more expensive for students and families.

How much has college tuition increased in 2024?

In 2024, college tuition increased by 1.6% over the last 12 months. However, this number will vary depending on the institution and whether it is public or private. These increases are consistent with the ongoing trend of rising education costs, impacting students’ financial planning and contributing to higher student loan borrowing.

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Photo credit: iStock/MicroStockHub

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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