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When the interest rate and annual percentage rate (APR) are calculated for a loan — especially a large one — the two can produce very different numbers, so it’s important to know the difference when evaluating what a loan will cost you.

Basically, the interest rate is the cost of borrowing money, and the APR is the total cost, including lender fees and any other charges.

Let’s look at interest rates vs. APRs for loans, and student loans in particular.

What Is an Interest Rate?

An interest rate is the rate you pay to borrow money, expressed as a percentage of the principal. Generally, an interest rate is determined by market factors, your credit score and financial profile, and the loan’s repayment terms, among other things.

How Interest Rates Work

Most people who take out a home mortgage loan opt for a fixed-rate mortgage. The borrower repays the amount borrowed, plus interest, in equal monthly installment payments over a period of 10, 15, 20, or 30 years. The higher the interest rate, the more they will pay each month and over the life of the loan. To see how interest rates affect payment amounts, try plugging different rate numbers into a mortgage calculator.

Some homebuyers opt for an adjustable-rate mortgage. In this scenario, there is typically an introductory period with an interest rate that might be lower than the available rate on a fixed-rate loan. But after that, the rate can periodically adjust (up or down), following market rates.

What Is APR?

If a loan were to have no other fees, hidden or otherwise, the interest rate and APR could be the same number. But because most loans have fees, the numbers are usually different.

How APRs Work

An APR is the total cost of the loan, including fees and other charges, expressed as an annual percentage. Compared with a basic interest rate, an APR provides borrowers with a more comprehensive picture of the total costs of the loan. The bulk of mortgage fees come in the form of closing costs and origination fees. Generally, closing costs average 3% to 6% of your mortgage loan principal, but each lender is different. Some borrowers also pay for mortgage points, also known as discount points, to lower the interest on their home loan. All of this would factor into the APR. Understanding these costs can help you get a clear picture of the total cost of a loan.

The federal Truth in Lending Act requires lenders to disclose a loan’s APR when they advertise its interest rate. In most circumstances, the APR will be higher than the interest rate. If it’s not, it’s generally because of some sort of rebate offered by the lender. If you notice this type of discrepancy, ask the lender to explain.

APR vs. Interest Rate Calculation

The bottom line: The interest rate percentage and the APR will be different if there are fees (like origination fees) associated with your loan.

How is APR Calculated?

To calculate APR, you first need to add the interest and the total fees for your loan. Then you divide by the principal amount borrowed. Divide the result by the total number of days in your loan term (for a 20-year loan, for example, you would divide by 7,300). Multiply the result by 365 (to get a yearly number) and then again by 100 (to arrive at an APR percentage).

Here’s the APR formula:

Let’s say you’re comparing loan offers with similar interest rates. By looking at the APR, you should be able to see which loan may be more cost-effective, because typically the loan with the lowest APR will be the loan with the lowest added costs.

So when comparing apples to apples, with the same loan type and term, APR may be helpful. But lenders don’t always make it easy to tell which loan is an apple and which is a pear. To find the best deal, you need to seek out all the costs attached to the loan.

You may find that a low APR comes with high upfront fees, or that you don’t qualify for a super-low advertised APR, reserved for those with stellar credit.

How Are Interest Rates Calculated?

Calculating the total interest you’ll pay on a home loan is pretty simple with online tools. You can see the total interest you’ll pay on a loan quickly by plugging your loan amount, interest rate, and loan term into a mortgage calculator. (If you want to see what your monthly payment will be when you factor in property taxes and home insurance, use a mortgage calculator with taxes and insurance.)

How APR Works on Home Loans

Not all homebuyers understand the true cost of their mortgage loans. If you’re considering multiple loan offers (perhaps you’ve gone through mortgage prequalification with a few lenders), you can look at the APRs on the offers to compare them against one another.

One caveat regarding APR: Because fees associated with a home mortgage are usually paid at the beginning of the loan, the APR won’t reflect the true annual cost of the loan if you sell the property or refinance before the mortgage term is up.

How Interest Rates Work on Home Loans

Most home mortgages are amortizing loans, so although the monthly payment on a fixed-rate loan remains constant, the amount of interest you’ll pay with each payment will differ. Typically, more of a borrower’s monthly payment is made up of interest early in the life of the loan; as the loan ages, the reverse is true and more of the payment chips away at the principal. An amortization table for your loan should be provided in your loan documents.

Benefits of Government-Backed Mortgages

Some would-be homeowners find themselves comparing different types of mortgages (as well as different interest rates and APRs) when considering how to finance their purchase, and government-backed mortgages will have a different profile than conventional loans.

A government-backed mortgage such as an FHA loan or a VA loan may have a low down payment (or no down payment), which is a key benefit, especially for first-time homebuyers, who typically have fewer resources to pull from. It may also have different upfront fees than a conventional mortgage. An FHA loan, for example, usually requires mortgage insurance. If the borrower makes a down payment of 10% or more, after 11 years the lender can remove the mortgage insurance requirement, but many borrowers need to refinance to get rid of the insurance payment. The cost of this mortgage insurance factors into the APR.

The Takeaway

APR vs. interest rate is a key factor you’ll want to consider when deciding on a loan, because the APR reflects the fees involved in the loan. Even when it comes to government-backed home loans, fees are part of the story. So don’t just look at a loan’s interest rate — take the time to compare the APR as well.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

FAQ

What’s a good APR?

A good APR will depend on your individual profile as a borrower, with your credit score being a key factor. To see how the APR you’re being offered on a home loan compares with the national average, search for “national average XX-year mortgage APR” (with XX being your loan term in years). Then look at the percentages side by side.

What’s a good interest rate?

A good interest rate is one that’s below the posted national average interest rate for your loan type when you search online. Borrowers with less-than-stellar credit scores won’t qualify for the best rates, however, so what’s a good interest rate for you will depend on your personal credit score and financial profile.

Does 0% APR mean no interest?

Zero percent APR means that no interest is charged for a set period of time. This is a term commonly seen on credit card offers and car loans. If you go this route, make sure you note the length of the no-interest promotional period and that you make your payments on time during the period, as missing payments can trigger interest to build on the debt.

Does refinancing your mortgage help lower rates?

Refinancing your mortgage may help lower your interest rate if rates have dropped since you initially purchased your home, or if your credit score and other aspects of your financial profile have improved significantly. It’s important to consider closing costs associated with a refinance, however, before deciding that it makes sense to chase a lower rate.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

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A mobile wallet can be a great way to pay for things as you go through your day without having to carry an actual, potentially cumbersome, wallet with you. Instead, an app holds digital versions of your credit, debit, loyalty, and ID cards, allowing you easy access when needed.

But you may wonder which of the mobile wallet options are best, how safe these transactions are, and whether it wouldn’t just be better to slip your debit card in your pocket on most days.

Read on to learn more.

What Is a Mobile Wallet?

A mobile wallet is just what it sounds like: It’s a virtual wallet that lives on your mobile device (aka your cell phone). It can store credit cards and charge cards, as well as debit, loyalty, and store card information. This allows you to quickly and easily pay for goods and services with your smartphone, smartwatch, or another mobile device. No more digging through your bag or backpack for your “real” wallet and fishing out cash or the right piece of plastic.

Mobile wallets (sometimes called digital wallets) can go a step further, too. You can also stash insurance cards, ID, coupons, concert tickets, boarding passes, and hotel key card information in them. Some digital wallets also enable you to send money to friends, as well as receive payments.

You may also be able to use your mobile wallet instead of a physical card at some ATMs for contactless withdrawals.

How Does a Mobile Wallet Work?

Here’s how a mobile wallet works:

•   You install the app and type in your personal and payment information, which is securely stored. (Unique identifying numbers are used to store your details vs. your actual card or account information.)

•   When you are ready to make a payment with the mobile wallet, a technology called NFC (near-field communication) typically kicks in. This allows the two devices (your mobile wallet and the vendor’s reader) to communicate. Typically, you will wave your device over the merchant’s terminal or tap your device against it.

•   As the two devices communicate, your transaction will likely go through. Funds will transfer, and you will usually be pinged with a confirmation.

Recommended: How to Deposit Cash at an ATM

What Is the Best Mobile Wallet App?

The major mobile wallets are:

•   Apple Pay

•   Google Pay

•   Samsung Pay

These may come already installed on mobile devices. Although they differ in layout, these mobile wallet apps have the same basic function that allows you to pay with a phone tap.

Other ways to make payments on the go include mobile wallets you can download from app stores, including wallets from banks, PayPal, and merchants such as Walmart, and Starbucks.

Deciding which mobile wallet is best will largely depend upon your own personal needs, which options are compatible with your device, how you like to manage your money, and what your financial goals are. A couple of points to keep in mind:

•   When choosing a mobile wallet app, be aware that a mobile wallet offered by your credit card company may only be accepted at certain retailers.

•   Merchant wallets will typically only work in that merchant’s store or online. For instance, the Starbucks wallet will only work at Starbucks. Enjoy that latte, but don’t expect to buy new boots at the mall with it.

Setting up and Using a Mobile Wallet

Here’s how to set up most of the major mobile wallet apps:

•   You launch the app (it may be pre-installed on your device), take a photo of your card or enter its information (such as your credit card number), and follow the step-by-step instructions.

•   This process is then repeated for all other cards entered. Generally, even if you load up several credit cards into your mobile wallet, only one of them will be your default payment option. That card will be the one that is used to process a purchase. If you want to use a different card, you may need to change the default card before you make the transaction.

•   Beyond credit and debit cards, the app may also walk you through configuring peer-to-peer payments like Apple Cash or Google Pay fund exchanges. You may also be able to link your PayPal account.

•   You may be able to import retail store rewards cards, as well as museum or library memberships cards, event tickets, and airline boarding passes. This may involve scanning a QR code or selecting the “add to wallet” button in an email or a text message from the issuer.

•   When you are ready to pay for purchases using your mobile wallet, you’ll want to make sure the merchant accepts mobile money. These businesses can typically be identified through a contactless payment indicator (usually a sideways Wi-Fi symbol).

•   To pay, open your digital wallet app if necessary, hold the phone near the wireless reader or tap your device against the terminal. This will authorize the payment. Your phone’s screen will typically confirm the transaction.

💡 Quick Tip: Don’t think too hard about your money. Automate your budgeting, saving, and spending with SoFi’s seamless and secure mobile banking app.

Are Mobile Wallets Safe?

Overall, mobile wallets are considered to be safe. Here’s why:

•   Unlike credit cards, which can be copied by card-skimming devices, the card information you load into a mobile wallet is encrypted. That means that your actual card or account numbers are never shared with the merchant.

•   Unlike credit cards, which can be copied by card-skimming devices, the card information you load into a mobile wallet is encrypted. That means that your actual card or account numbers are never shared with the merchant.

•   In the case of theft, it’s not possible for anyone to use a mobile device to make a payment without providing the required security credentials.

These safeguards actually make mobile wallets more secure than carrying physical credit cards and cash, which can easily be compromised.

Pros and Cons of Using Mobile Wallets

Is a mobile wallet right for you? Here are some key pros and cons you may want to consider.

Mobile Wallet Pros

Here are some of the upsides of using a mobile wallet.

•   They’re convenient. If you’re out and about without your wallet or bag, you can still make purchases, as well as use your coupons and rewards cards. You may also be able to get cash at an ATM or check a book out of the library, all from your mobile device. What’s more, they often allow for a contactless payment, meaning they can be extra quick and easy.

•   They’re secure. Mobile wallets provide a layer of security you don’t get with cash or using a debit or credit card. Your payment information is saved in one protected, central location. Card numbers are never stored in the app itself but are instead assigned a unique virtual number. This protects your money even if your smartphone is lost or stolen.

•   They can help you track your spending. A mobile wallet can help you track and better manage your spending. All of your transaction information is stored in the app so it’s easy to see how much you’re spending and where each week. You might even wind up using a credit card more responsibly.

Mobile Wallet Cons

There are also some downsides to mobile wallets to be aware of.

•   They’re not accepted everywhere. There are still some industries where cash is the only currency accepted. Even in businesses that do take credit, not all of them accept mobile wallets. To accept a mobile wallet, businesses need to have payment readers that take NFC payments, and not all of them have these terminals. This can cause a problem if a mobile wallet is all you have on hand.

•   Your phone could die. Cell phones often run out of battery and, if you’re without a charger, that handy mobile wallet will no longer exist. That can put a crimp in your shopping plans or become a major problem if you have important documents such as train passes or concert tickets stored in your mobile wallet.

•   You may end up overspending. The use of mobile wallets can be similar to that of using a credit card. Because cash isn’t physically leaving your hands, spending can feel less real, which can be a cause of overspending. If you have spending issues, a mobile wallet can make it easy to spend mindlessly and swipe or tap too often.

4 Tips for Using Your Mobile Wallet

To keep your mobile wallet safe, keep these tips in mind:

1.    Do your research before downloading payment apps. Look for reliable brands/companies, many positive reviews, and a significant number of downloads. Avoid untested apps; they could be a kind of scam and contain spyware or malware.

2.    Know how to remotely lock and locate your phone in case it gets lost or stolen. Check your phone’s device manager capabilities before you find yourself in an emergency situation.

3.    Always have appropriate locking technology. Carrying around a phone that doesn’t lock means you could be risking loss.

4.    Review your credit and debit card statements. Make sure those purchases are yours. While mobile wallets are secure, problems can occasionally arise, and you want to be alert.

The Takeaway

A mobile wallet is a digital way to store credit, debit, ID, and gift cards so that purchases can be made using a mobile smart device rather than a physical card.

Mobile wallets can help simplify your financial life. They allow users to make in-store payments without having to carry cash or physical credit cards. They’re easy to use and have hefty safeguards.

However, they aren’t universally accepted. It’s worth your while to determine whether the retailers you frequent accept them to help determine if a mobile wallet is a good option for you.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

How many places support mobile wallets?

While there isn’t a precise tally of how many retailers and other businesses support mobile wallets, a recent study found that there are 1.75 billion registered mobile money accounts globally, indicating significant adoption of and acceptance of this technology.

Do mobile wallets support all debit/credit cards?

Each mobile wallet will have its own policies, but most credit and debit cards from major banks are supported by, say, Google Pay and Apple Pay. Small business credit cards may also be added, especially those from established banks. You may find, though, that prepaid cards are not supported.

Will mobile payments replace cash?

According to a 2024 study by the nonprofit Global System for Mobile Communications, the mobile money industry saw a 23% increase in transaction volume worldwide in 2023, up to 85 billion annually. However, cash isn’t going away any time soon. According to the most recent statistics from the Federal Reserve, cash is the third-most-used payment instrument in the U.S.

Photo credit: iStock/hiphotos35

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SoFi members with Eligible Direct Deposit activity can earn 3.80% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below).

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning 3.80% APY, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit arrives. If your APY is not showing as 3.80%, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning 3.80% APY from the date you contact SoFi for the rest of the current 30-day Evaluation Period. You will also be eligible for 3.80% APY on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with Eligible Direct Deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to Direct Deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Eligible Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving an Eligible Direct Deposit or receipt of $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Eligible Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Eligible Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Eligible Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Eligible Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until SoFi Bank recognizes Eligible Direct Deposit activity or receives $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Eligible Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit.

Separately, SoFi members who enroll in SoFi Plus by paying the SoFi Plus Subscription Fee every 30 days can also earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. For additional details, see the SoFi Plus Terms and Conditions at https://www.sofi.com/terms-of-use/#plus.

Members without either Eligible Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, or who do not enroll in SoFi Plus by paying the SoFi Plus Subscription Fee every 30 days, will earn 1.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 1/24/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at http://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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