Jul
19
2023
Bonds vs Stocks: Understanding the Difference
Understanding the differences between stocks and bonds can help an investor build a stronger portfolio.
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SoFi
Student Loan Consolidation and Refinancing
Jul
18
2023
Federal Reserve Interest Rates, Explained
If you pay attention to the news, you have probably noticed that the Federal Reserve (or Fed, for short) makes headlines every so often. The Fed has recently been in the spotlight because it has been making policy moves to combat rising prices. In the face of the highest inflation rate in 40 years, the Fed has raised interest rates – otherwise known as the federal funds rate — to between 5.00% and 5.25% as of early July 2023.
There’s a connection between the Fed’s interest rate decisions, the national economy, and your personal finances. The Fed works to help balance the economy over time—and its actions and influence on monetary policy can affect household finances. Here’s what consumers should know about the Federal Reserve interest rate and how it trickles down to the level of individual wallets.
What Is the Federal Funds Rate?
The federal funds rate, or federal interest rate, is a target interest rate assessed on the bank-to-bank level. It’s the rate at which banks charge each other for loans borrowed or lent overnight.
The federal funds rate is not directly connected to consumer interest rates, like those that might be paid on a personal loan or mortgage. But it can significantly influence those interest rates and, over time, can impact how businesses and individuals access lines of credit.
How Is the Federal Funds Rate Set?
The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) sets the federal funds rate. The FOMC is a 12-member group made up of seven members of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York; and four of the remaining eleven Reserve Bank presidents, who serve one-year terms on a rotating basis.
The FOMC meets a minimum of eight times per year—though the committee will meet more often than that if deemed necessary. The group decides the Fed’s interest rate policy based on key economic indicators that may show signs of inflation, rising unemployment, recession, or other issues that may impact economic growth.
The FOMC often slashes rates in response to market turmoil as an attempt to boost the economy. Lower rates may make it easier for businesses and individuals to take out loans, thus stimulating the economy through more spending. The Federal Reserve enacted a zero-interest rate policy in 2008 and maintained it for seven years to boost the economy following the Great Recession.
On the other hand, the FOMC may raise interest rates when the economy is strong to prevent an overheated economy and keep inflation in check. Higher interest rates make borrowing more expensive, disincentivizing businesses and households from taking out loans for consumption and investment. Because of this, higher interest rates theoretically will cool the economy.
Current Federal Funds Rate
As noted above, the current federal funds rate is between 5.00% and 5.25% as of early July 2023. The FOMC raised interest rates rapidly throughout 2022 in an effort to bring down inflation, which was at the country’s highest levels since the 1980s.
The federal funds rate is a recommended target—banks can ultimately negotiate their own rate when borrowing and lending from one another. Over the years, federal fund targets have varied widely depending on the economic outlook. The federal funds rate was as high as 20% in the early 1980s due to inflation and as low as 0.0% to 0.25% in the post-Covid-19 environment when the Fed used its monetary policy to stimulate the economy.
How Does the Fed Influence the Economy?
The Federal Reserve System is the U.S. central bank. The Fed is the primary regulator of the U.S. financial system and is made up of a dozen regional banks, each of which is localized to a specific geographical region in the country.
The Fed has a wide range of financial duties and powers to take measures to ensure systemic financial and economic stability. These duties include:
• Maintaining widespread financial stability, in part by setting interest rates
• Supervising and regulating smaller banks
• Conducting and implementing national monetary policy
• Providing financial services like operating the national payments system
The Fed has authority over other U.S. banking institutions and can regulate them in order to protect consumers’ financial rights. But perhaps its most famous job is setting its interest rate, otherwise known as the federal funds rate.
💡 Recommended: How Do Federal Reserve Banks Get Funded?
How Does the Federal Funds Rate Affect Interest Rates?
Although the federal funds rate doesn’t directly influence the interest levels for loans taken out by consumers, it can change the dynamics of the economy as a whole through a kind of trickle-down effect.
The Fed’s rate changes impact a broad swath of financial areas—from credit cards to mortgages, from savings rates to life insurance policies. The Fed’s rate change can affect individual consumers in various ways.
The Prime Rate
A change to the federal funds rate can influence the prime interest rate (also known as the Bank Prime Loan Rate). The prime interest rate is the rate banks offer their most creditworthy customers when they’re looking to take out a line of credit or a loan.
While each bank is responsible for setting its own prime interest rate, many banks choose to set theirs mainly based on the federal funds rate.
Generally, the rate is set approximately three percentage points higher than the federal funds rate—so, for example, if the rate is at 5.00%, a bank’s prime interest rate might be 8.00%.
Even for consumers who don’t have excellent credit, the prime interest rate is important; it’s the baseline from which all of a bank’s loan tiers are calculated.
That applies to a wide range of financial products, including mortgages, credit cards, automobile loans, and personal loans. It can also affect existing lines of credit that have variable interest rates.
Savings Accounts and Certificates of Deposit
Interest rates bend both ways. Although a federal rate hike may mean a consumer sees higher interest rates when borrowing, it also means the interest rates earned through savings, certificates of deposit (CDs), and other interest-bearing accounts will increase.
In many cases, this increase in interest earnings influences consumers to save more, which can help as an incentive to build and maintain an emergency fund that one can access immediately, if necessary.
How Does the Federal Funds Rate Affect the Stock Market?
While the federal funds rate has no direct impact on the stock market, it can have the same kind of indirect, ripple effect that is felt in other areas of the U.S. financial system.
Generally, lower rates make the market more attractive to investors looking to maximize growth. Because investors cannot get an attractive rate in a savings account or with lower-risk bonds, they will put money into higher-risk assets like growth stocks to get an ideal return. Plus, cheaper or more available money can translate to more spending and higher company earnings, resulting in rising stock performance.
On the other hand, higher interest rates tend to dampen the stock market since investors usually prefer to invest in lower-risk assets like bonds that may offer an attractive yield in a high-interest rate environment.
💡 Recommended: How Do Interest Rates Impact Stocks?
What Other Factors Affect Consumer Interest Rates?
Although the Federal Reserve interest rate can impact personal finance basics in various ways, it may take up to 12 months to feel the full effect of a change.
On a consumer level, financial institutions use complex algorithms to calculate interest rates for credit cards and other loans. These algorithms consider everything from personal creditworthiness to loan convertibility to the prime interest rate to determine an individual’s interest rate.
The Takeaway
The federal funds rate — or federal interest rate — set by the Federal Reserve is intended to guide bank-to-bank loans but ends up impacting various parts of the national economy—down to individuals’ personal finances. For investors, changes in the federal funds rate can indicate where the stock market may be headed. At least, it’s a factor that investors may watch.
If you’re paying attention to the Federal Reserve interest rate policy changes and want to make investing decisions based on those moves, SoFi can help. With a SoFi Invest® online brokerage account, you can trade stocks and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) for as little as $5.
SoFi Invest® INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
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Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
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Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.
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SOIN1122034
Read moreJul
17
2023
31 Ways To Save On Back to School Shopping
Here comes another school year, and that can mean it’s time to get shopping for some nice new pencils, notebooks, backpacks, and cool clothes. But don’t expect it to come cheap: Last year, the cost was estimated at $661 per school-age child, and this season could well top that.
No one wants to go into credit card debt to get their kid outfitted for the first day of school, so here’s help.
Read on for 31 back-to-school shopping tips that will save you money while getting your kids prepped for a great year ahead.
1. Check the Circulars
You might receive weekly circulars in the mail that include coupons to local stores that can help you save money on school supplies. If you don’t receive any circulars or you want more, using a website like Flipp can give you access to digital circulars and coupons you can use at the store.
2. Download Honey
The Honey browser extension is helpful when it comes to back-to-school savings. Installing Honey on your web browser will enable the extension to automatically search for coupon codes and deals when you check out online, saving you both time and money.
💡 Quick Tip: Help your money earn more money! Opening a high-yield bank account online often gets you higher-than-average rates.
3. Use Online Coupons
Some websites, such as Coupons.com, RetailMeNot, and Savings.com, offer online coupons. Browsing these sites may lead to savings on school supplies you need.
4. Join Target Circle
Doing back-to-school shopping at Target will let you earn rewards through Target Circle . You can access hundreds of deals as well as earn 1% back when you shop (or 5% back when you shop with your Target RedCard). You can redeem your savings on later purchases. Another perk: You may also see special discounts on back to school, such as 20% off a purchase for college students.
5. Use Cash Back Credit Cards
Making school-supply purchases with a cash-back credit card is another option to save some money. Then, you can put your savings towards future purchases or use the cashback to pay a portion of your credit card bill.
6. Get Cash Back for Shopping
On sites like Rakuten and Swagbucks , you can earn cash back when you shop at your favorite stores. Check these sites for cash back offers before heading out for back-to-school shopping.
7. Sign Up for Store Emails
If there are a few stores you know you’re going to be shopping at this year, then sign up for their email list ahead of time to receive coupons and find out when they are running sales. Some stores offer a percent-off coupon or a dollar-amount discount for signing up for their emails or texts.
8. Download Store Apps
Along with signing up for emails, you can also download store apps to receive exclusive savings and deal alerts. You may receive a one-time coupon at the beginning and then additional deals after that.
9. Ask Friends for Their Old Supplies
If you have friends who aren’t using their old supplies anymore, they may be willing to give them to you so they don’t go to waste. This could save you a lot of money, especially when it comes to paying for college textbooks.
Recommended: Comparing the Pros and Cons of Going to College
10. Join Parent Groups
Consider joining local parent groups on Facebook or other social media platforms to see if anyone is giving away supplies or selling them at a steep discount. Connecting with other parents before the first day of school can also be a good way to form friendships and trade back-to-school shopping tips.
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11. Look on Used Goods Marketplaces
You may also be able to find the supplies you need on used goods marketplaces such as Facebook Marketplace or Craigslist. Keep safety precautions in mind when meeting strangers to complete a transaction: Consider meeting at a police station, bring someone with you, and trust your instincts if you feel the situation is unsafe.
12. Wait to Make Some of Your Purchases
Your children are not going to need all of their school supplies on the first day, or perhaps even in the first month of school. Instead, you can ask your children’s teachers what they will need right away and then wait to shop for the rest of the supplies when retailers start marking down their inventory, which typically happens in September or October.
13. Create a Budget
Before setting foot into a store, come up with a back-to-school monthly budget so you know exactly how much you can spend and avoid impulse purchases. Without a plan, it can be easy to spend too much and get caught off guard when you get your credit card statement in the mail.
14. Take Inventory of What You Already Have
You may already have what you need for back to school in your home. Look around for extra pencils, art supplies, books, and other items that you thought you needed to purchase but may already own.
15. Pay With Cash
One of the old tricks for sticking to a budget and saving money is to pay with cash instead of a debit or credit card. Paying with cash may make you more mindful of your purchases because you see the cash disappear when you spend it. You might not be tempted to spend as much if you opt for good, old-fashioned dollar bills and coins.
Recommended: Pros & Cons of Living Cash-Only
16. Negotiating on a Cash Purchase
Cash is also helpful for negotiating. Though you may not be able to negotiate prices at a big-box store, you might be able to at a local shop, flea market, or yard sale if that’s where you’re headed for school supplies. Let the merchant know how much you’re willing to pay, and they may just be willing to cut a deal with you.
17. Look for Price Matching
Some stores will match another store’s price if you show them that their competitor is offering a better price on the same product. Prior to going to the store, take a few minutes to compare prices online, and bring proof of the lower price when you shop. Price matching policies vary from store to store and can usually be found on a store’s website.
18. Buy in Bulk
When it comes to how to save on school supplies, you may be able to save big if you buy in bulk from wholesale clubs or warehouse stores like Costco or Sam’s Club. Some of the best things to buy in bulk for back-to-school include pens and pencils, folders, and notebooks. Bulk purchases of things like paper towels, toilet paper, and shampoo might also make good financial sense. Joining other parents to split costs on bulk purchases might just result in a new, like-minded friend group.
💡 Quick Tip: If you’re creating a budget, try the 50/30/20 budget rule. Allocate 50% of your after-tax income to the “needs” of life, like living expenses and debt. Spend 30% on wants, and then save the remaining 20% towards saving for your long-term goals.
19. Buy Refurbished Electronics
If you need to pick up electronics like laptops, tablets, or phones, consider buying a refurbished version instead of a new device. Certified used models are often available directly from the manufacturer or from reputable online sellers.
20. Head to the Dollar Store
While the dollar store isn’t the ideal place for all your back-to-school shopping needs, you can find a number of inexpensive items there to save money on. These items include pencils, pens, crayons, folders, and clipboards.
21. Shop on Tax-Free Days
Some states hold annual tax-free days, usually in July or August, which can be perfect for back-to-school shopping. Check online to see if and when your state offers this money-saving option.
22. Use Your Student Discount
College students may be able to use their college ID or student email address to score discounts on electronics and other items. Check out stores around your college that offer deals to students.
23. Buy Used Textbooks
Another way to score some back-to-school savings is to purchase used textbooks. BookFinder.com searches all the bookseller websites to find the best deals on your textbooks.
24. Keep Your Receipts
If you keep your receipts and find out that items you purchased have been discounted further, then you may be able to get a price adjustment or a partial refund to make up for the price difference. Policies vary by retailer, but it doesn’t hurt to check sales after you’ve made a purchase and ask the store if they offer price adjustments.
25. Buying From Thrift Stores
Thrift stores like Goodwill or Salvation Army often have back-to-school essentials like clothing and backpacks. Plus, buying used items can be environmentally friendly. Families who are facing financial difficulty affording school supplies may qualify for assistance through various charitable organizations, such as The Salvation Army or even their local school districts.
26. Find Brand Giveaways
By following brands on social media or contacting them directly, you may get free samples or promo codes to get discounts on goods.
27. Turn in Those Rebates
Sometimes, you won’t be able to access back-to-school savings at the time of purchase. Instead, you’ll need to send in rebates. Look for products that offer rebates and remember to keep your receipts and anything else required for the savings.
28. Invest in Quality Purchases
While you may want to buy everything at discount stores, poor-quality items may not even last an entire school year. For items that get a lot of use, such as a backpack, consider paying a bit more so they last. For example, you may be able to use the same high-quality, well-made backpack for several years before it wears out.
29. Use Alternatives for Your Kids’ Favorite Characters
Your child might really want a backpack with a specific character on it, but next year’s favorite character will probably be different. Buying your child a plain backpack and then adding some keychains or stickers that feature their favorite character is an inexpensive compromise that will keep your kids happy and save you big bucks.
30. Buy Reusable Items
While plastic and paper bags may be convenient, you’ll save much more money (and the environment) if you buy a reusable lunch bag and containers instead. Find a lunch bag that’s easy to clean to save time as well.
31. Hold a Clothing Swap
Kids quickly grow out of clothes, so it’s not budget-friendly to buy a lot of expensive new garments. You can invite over some friends and neighbors who have kids and swap used clothing instead. Or you might try Nextdoor and see if people in your community want to see about a trade or offloading some outgrown clothes.
💡 Quick Tip: When you overdraft your checking account, you’ll likely pay a non-sufficient fund fee of, say, $35. Look into linking a savings account to your checking account as a backup to avoid that, or shop around for a bank that doesn’t charge you for overdrafting.
The Takeaway
Taking some pre-shopping time to estimate costs is a good practice when trying to figure out how to save on school supplies. Setting a financial goal and saving a little bit at a time is a good thing to do whether the goal is purchasing school supplies or something a little more expensive.
Photo credit: iStock/TARIK KIZILKAYA
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As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.50% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.
SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.50% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.
SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.
Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.
Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 8/27/2024. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at http://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
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SOBK0723012
Jul
12
2023
What Is a Jumbo Loan & When Should You Get One?
A jumbo loan is a home mortgage loan that exceeds maximum dollar limits set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). Loans that fall within the limit are called conforming loans. Loans that exceed them are jumbo loans.
Jumbo mortgages may be needed by buyers in areas where housing is expensive, and they’re also popular among lovers of high-end homes, investors, and vacation home seekers.
What Is a Jumbo Loan?
To understand jumbo home loans, it first helps to understand the function of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Neither government-sponsored enterprise actually creates mortgages; they purchase them from lenders and repackage them into mortgage-backed securities for investors, giving lenders needed liquidity.
Each year the FHFA sets a maximum value for loans that Freddie and Fannie will buy from lenders — the so-called conforming loans.
Jumbo Loans vs Conforming Loans
Because jumbo home loans don’t meet Freddie and Fannie’s criteria for acquisition, they are referred to as nonconforming loans. Nonconforming, or jumbo, loans usually have stricter requirements because they carry a higher risk for the lender.
Jumbo Loan Limits
So how large does a loan have to be to be considered jumbo? In most counties, the conforming loan limits for 2023 are:
• $726,200 for a single-family home
• $929,850 for a two-unit property
• $1,123,900 for a three-unit property
• $1,396,800 for a four-unit property
The limit is higher in pricey areas. For 2023, the conforming loan limits in those areas are:
• $1,089,300 for one unit
• $1,394,775 for two units
• $1,685,850 for three units
• $2,095,200 for four units
Given rising home values in many cities, a jumbo loan may be necessary to buy a home. Teton County, Wyoming, for instance, has an average home value of $1,624,087 and a conforming loan limit of $1,089,300.
Recommended: The Cost of Living By State
Qualifying for a Jumbo Loan
Approval for a jumbo mortgage loan depends on factors such as your income, debt, savings, credit history, employment status, and the property you intend to buy. The standards can be tougher for jumbo loans than conforming loans.
The lender may be underwriting the loan manually, meaning it’s likely to require much more detailed financial documentation — especially since standards grew more stringent after the 2007 housing market implosion and during the pandemic.
Lenders generally set their own terms for a jumbo mortgage, and the landscape for loan requirements is always changing, but here are a few examples of potential heightened requirements for jumbo loans.
• Your debt-to-income (DTI) ratio. This ratio compares your total monthly debt payments and your gross monthly income. The figure helps lenders understand how much disposable income you have and whether they can feel confident you’ll be able to afford adding a new loan to the mix.
To qualify for most mortgages, you need a DTI ratio no higher than 43%. In certain loan scenarios, lenders sometimes want to see an even lower DTI ratio for a jumbo loan, or they may counter with less favorable loan terms for a higher DTI.
• Your credit score. This number, which ranges from 300 to 850, helps lenders get a snapshot of your credit history. The score is based on your payment history, the percentage of available credit you’re using, how often you open and close accounts such as credit cards, and the average age of your accounts.
To qualify for a jumbo loan, some lenders require a minimum score of 700 to 740 for a primary home, or up to 760 for other property types. Keep in mind that a lower score doesn’t mean you won’t be able to get a jumbo loan. The decision depends on the lender and other factors, such as the loan program requirements, your debt, down payment amount, and reserves.
• Down payment. Conforming mortgages generally require a 20% down payment if you want to avoid paying private mortgage insurance (PMI), which helps protect the lender from the risk of default.
Historically, some lenders required even higher down payments for jumbo mortgages, but that’s not necessarily the case anymore. Typically, you’ll need to put at least 20% down, although there are exceptions.
A VA loan can be used for jumbo loans. The Department of Veterans Affairs will insure the part of the loan that falls under conforming loan limits. The down payment requirement is based on the portion of the jumbo loan that’s above the conforming loan limit. The loan is available from some lenders with nothing down and no PMI. VA loans have a one-time “funding fee,” though, a percentage of the amount being borrowed.
• Your savings. Jumbo loan programs often require mortgage reserves, housing costs borrowers can cover with their savings. The number of months of PITI house payments (principal, interest, taxes, insurance), plus any PMI or homeowner association fees, needed in reserves after loan closing depends on many factors. For a jumbo loan, some lenders may require reserves of three to 24 months of housing payments.
You don’t necessarily need to have all the money in cash. Part of mortgage reserves can take the form of a 401(k), stock portfolios, mutual funds, money market accounts, and simplified employee pension accounts.
Also, depending on the loan program, a lender may be comfortable with lower cash reserves if you have a high credit score, low DTI ratio, a high down payment, or some combination of these things.
• Documentation. Lenders want a complete financial picture for any potential borrower, and jumbo loan seekers are no exception. Most lenders operate under the “ability to repay” rule, which means they must make a reasonable, good-faith determination of the consumer’s ability to repay the loan according to their terms. Applicants should expect lenders to vet their creditworthiness, income, and assets.
First-time homebuyers can
prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan,
with as little as 3% down.
Jumbo Loan Rates
You might assume that interest rates for jumbo loans are higher than for conforming loans since the lender is putting more money on the line.
But jumbo mortgage rates fluctuate with market conditions. Jumbo mortgage rates can be similar to those of other mortgages, but sometimes they are lower.
Because the absolute dollar figure of the loan is higher than a conforming loan, it is reasonable to expect closing costs to be higher. Some closing costs are fixed, such as a loan processing fee, but others, such as title insurance, are tiered based on the purchase price or loan amount.
Pros and Cons of Jumbo Loans
Benefits
Because a jumbo loan is for an amount greater than a conforming loan, it gives you more options for ownership of homes that are otherwise cost-prohibitive. You can use a jumbo loan to purchase all kinds of residences, from your main home to a vacation getaway to an investment property.
Drawbacks
Due to their more stringent requirements, jumbo loans may be more accessible for borrowers with higher incomes, strong credit scores, modest DTI ratios, and plentiful reserves.
However, don’t assume that jumbo loans are just for the rich. Lenders offer these loans to borrowers with a wide variety of income levels and credit scores.
Lender requirements vary, so if you’re seeking a jumbo loan, you may want to shop around to see what terms and interest rates are available.
The most important factor, as with any loan, is that you are confident in your ability to make the mortgage payments in full and on time in the long term.
How to Qualify for a Jumbo Loan
To qualify for a jumbo loan, borrowers need to meet certain jumbo loan requirements. You’ll likely need to show a prospective lender two years of tax returns, pay stubs, and statements for bank and possibly investment accounts. The lender may require an appraisal of the property to ensure they are only lending what the home is worth.
Is a Jumbo Loan Right for You?
You’ll need to come up with a large down payment on a property that merits a jumbo loan, and some of your closing costs will be higher than for a conventional loan. But depending on where you wish to buy, the cost of the property, and the amount you wish to borrow, a jumbo loan may be your only choice for a home mortgage loan. It’s a particularly attractive option if you have good credit, a low DTI, and a robust savings account. And sometimes jumbo home loans actually have lower interest rates than other loans.
What About Refinancing a Jumbo Loan?
After you’ve gone through the mortgage and homebuying process, it could be helpful to have information about refinancing. Some borrowers choose to refinance in order to secure a lower interest rate or more preferable loan terms.
This could be worth considering if your personal situation or mortgage interest rates have improved.
Refinancing a jumbo mortgage to a lower rate could result in substantial savings. Since the initial sum is so large, even a change of just 1 percentage point could be impactful.
Refinancing could also result in improved loan terms. For example, if you have an adjustable-rate mortgage and worry about fluctuating rates, you could refinance the loan to a fixed-rate home loan.
Recommended: Guide to Buying, Selling, and Updating Your Home
Jumbo Loan Limits by State
The conforming loan limits set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency can vary based on the county where you are buying a home.
In most areas of the country, the conforming loan limit for a one-unit property increased to $726,200 in 2023 (the amount rises for multiunit properties). The chart below shows exceptions to the $726,200 limit by state and county.
| State | County | 2023 limit for a single unit |
|---|---|---|
| Alaska | All | $1,089,300 |
| California | Los Angeles County, San Benito, Santa Clara, Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Orange, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Cruz | $1,089,300 |
| California | Napa | $1,017,750 |
| California | Monterey | $915,400 |
| California | San Diego | $977,500 |
| California | Santa Barbara | $805,000 |
| California | San Luis Obisbo | $911,950 |
| California | Sonoma | $861,350 |
| California | Ventura | $948,750 |
| California | Yolo | $763,600 |
| Colorado | Eagle | $1,075,250 |
| Colorado | Garfield | $948,750 |
| Colorado | Pitkin | $948,750 |
| Colorado | San Miguel | $862,500 |
| Colorado | Boulder | $856,750 |
| Florida | Monroe | $874,000 |
| Guam | All | $1,089,300 |
| Hawaii | All | $1,089,300 |
| Idaho | Teton | $1,089,300 |
| Maryland | Calvert, Charles, Frederick, Montgomery, Prince George’s County | $1,089,300 |
| Massachusetts | Dukes, Nantucket | $1,089,300 |
| Massachusetts | Essex, Middlesex, Norfolk, Plymouth, Suffolk | $828,000 |
| New Hampshire | Rockingham, Strafford | $828,000 |
| New Jersey | Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Hunterdon, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Ocean, Passaic, Somerset, Sussex, Union | $1,089,300 |
| New York | Bronx, Kings, Nassau, New York, Putnam, Queens, Richmond, Rockland, Suffolk, Westchester | $1,089,300 |
| New York | Dutchess, Orange | $726,525 |
| Pennsylvania | Pike | $1,089,300 |
| Utah | Summit, Wasatch | $1,089,300 |
| Utah | Box Elder, Davis, Morgan, Weber | $744,050 |
| Virgin Islands | All | $1,089,300 |
| Virginia | Arlington, Clarke, Culpeper, Fairfax, Fauguier, Loudon, Madison, Prince William, Rappahannock, Spotsylvania, Stafford, Warren, Alexandria, Fairfax City, Falls Church City, Fredericksburg City, Manassas City, Manassas Park City | $1,089,300 |
| Washington | King, Pierce, Snohomish | $977,500 |
| Washington D.C. | District of Columbia | $1,089,300 |
| West Virginia | Jefferson County | $1,089,300 |
| Wyoming | Teton | $1,089,300 |
Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency
The Takeaway
What’s the skinny on jumbo loans? They’re essential for buyers of more costly properties because they exceed government limits for conforming loans. Luxury-home buyers and house hunters in expensive counties may turn to these loans, but they’ll have to clear the higher hurdles involved.
If you’re interested in refinancing a jumbo mortgage at competitive rates, consider SoFi. You can prequalify online and put as little as 10% down.
FAQ
What are jumbo loan requirements?
Jumbo loans typically require a credit score of at least 700, a low DTI, and a down payment of at least 20%, although there are always exceptions.
What is the difference between a jumbo loan and a regular loan?
A jumbo loan is a home mortgage loan that exceeds maximum dollar limits set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency. Jumbo loans are typically used by buyers in regions with higher-priced housing but are also popular among luxury homebuyers and investors.
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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.
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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
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Read moreJul
11
2023
Putting Your House in a Trust
A trust can simplify the transfer of what is often a person’s most valuable asset: their real estate. It can keep a home out of the probate process and allow it to become the property of loved ones or a charity upon your death.
For many households, home equity represents their largest financial asset, and it has burgeoned. U.S. homeowners with mortgages saw their equity increase by $1 trillion at the end of 2022 compared with a year before, according to CoreLogic, a provider of property insights.
Here, a closer look at protecting one’s assets by putting a house into a trust.
Why Put a House in a Trust?
There are two main reasons: avoiding the probate process and protecting your property if you become incapacitated.
Put simply, probate is a court review of a deceased person’s will and assets. This involves resolving any claims against the estate, paying remaining debts, and distributing the decedent’s assets to their designated heirs.
Probate can be a lengthy and costly process. In the absence of a will, the probate court divides the estate according to the state’s succession laws. These proceedings often require hearings and a variety of legal and court fees, which can significantly chip away at the estate before it reaches the heirs.
Even with a will in place, probate is often necessary for your heirs to have the right to carry out your will. Things can become further complicated if the estate includes property in multiple states or the will is contested.
Putting property in trust can avoid probate altogether. A trust designates a successor trustee to manage the estate, as well as beneficiaries to receive assets, after your death. The trust can include clear instructions and conditions for allocating assets. This can help reduce the time and cost to pass your home to your heirs.
It’s also worth noting that trusts can safeguard assets if you become incapacitated and are unable to care for yourself. A trust can be created to take effect in this situation, thus allowing a family member or loved one to manage your estate and assets in your best interests. If you recover, you can resume the role of trustee for the estate.
Recommended: What Is a Trust Fund?
Do You Need a Trust If You Have a Will?
Only one in three U.S. adults has a will, according to one recent report. And even if you have created one, you may wonder whether you are handling your assets properly. For instance, you may ask yourself, “Should I put my house in a trust?” The answer will depend on your own financial goals and the needs of your heirs.
Who you intend to inherit your house is an important factor to consider. Federal estate and gift tax law permits the transfer of a house and other wealth to a spouse without tax liabilities. However, passing on a house to children or relatives of a subsequent generation can be more complex.
A trust goes into effect once you sign it and is generally more difficult to challenge than to contest a will. Placing a house in a trust also avoids the probate process — it’s not uncommon for the courts to take months or a year to settle a will, especially for larger estates.
Wills and trusts can be complementary tools for estate planning. For instance, a will can take care of smaller assets like family heirlooms that aren’t covered by the trust. Also, wills can be structured to move assets into a trust when you die.
💡 Quick Tip: Buying a home shouldn’t be aggravating. SoFi’s online mortgage application is quick and simple, with dedicated Mortgage Loan Officers to guide you through the process.
Types of Trusts for Estate Planning
There are multiple options available for putting your house in a trust. It’s important to consider financial goals, your beneficiaries’ needs, and creditor concerns when creating a trust.
Here’s an overview of common types of trusts, including how they work for passing on a house or other property. The basic kinds are revocable and irrevocable and they are typically part of an estate planning checklist.
Revocable Trust
Also known as a living trust, a revocable trust gives grantors more control in the management of their assets while alive. They’re still responsible for tax payments and reporting on investment returns.
If desired, a grantor can make changes or dissolve a revocable trust after it’s created. Getting remarried or buying a home could be possible reasons for altering a revocable trust.
Usually, the grantor (establisher) serves as the trustee (manager for beneficiaries), and a named successor only takes control if that person dies or becomes incapacitated.
A revocable trust becomes irrevocable upon the grantor’s death. A revocable trust does not protect a house and other assets from creditors while the grantor is alive.
Irrevocable Trust
An irrevocable trust differs in that it can’t be modified by the grantor without the approval of all beneficiaries. You effectively give up control and ownership of any assets placed in an irrevocable trust.
So why put your house in a trust with such rigid conditions? Irrevocable trusts can offer greater security for beneficiaries and render assets untouchable to creditors. Plus, you’re not subject to estate taxes because the assets are no longer yours.
Before permanently forfeiting assets to an irrevocable trust, it could be beneficial to consult a lawyer or find a financial planner.
Recommended: Average American Net Worth by Age and Year
Other Types of Trusts
Aside from the two broad categories of trusts, there are more specialized options to address specific needs. Here are some additional types of trusts to consider.
• Charitable Trust: This type of trust transfers assets to a designated nonprofit organization or charity upon the grantor’s death. A charitable trust can be housed within a standard trust to allocate a portion of assets to a nonprofit while leaving the rest for family members or other heirs.
• Testamentary Trust: A trust can be created within a will, often for minors, with defined terms that take effect after your death. This is a type of revocable trust, as changes can be made up until death. It’s worth noting that a testamentary trust does not avoid probate court. The executor will probate the will and then create the trust.
• Generation-Skipping Trust: Instead of passing on a house to your children, you can use a generation-skipping trust to transfer assets to your grandchildren. This is more common for estates that exceed the federal estate tax threshold ($12.92 million in 2023) to avoid some estate tax payments down the line.
• Spendthrift Trust: If you’re concerned about how your beneficiaries will manage their inheritance, you can use a spendthrift trust to set stricter terms. For example, you could define a date or age when beneficiaries gain access to certain assets.
💡 Quick Tip: There are two basic types of mortgage refinancing: cash-out and rate-and-term. A cash-out refinance loan means getting a larger loan than what you currently owe, while a rate-and-term refinance replaces your existing mortgage with a new one with different terms.
Should I Put My House in a Trust?
It’s important to understand the implications of having a house in trust before making a binding decision. Here, the main advantages and drawbacks.
Benefits of a Trust
Bypassing the hassle, delays, and costs associated with probate is a leading reason for using a trust.
Probate expenses can vary by location and the size of the estate but traditionally include legal fees, executor fees, appraisal fees, and other administrative costs. While probate costs will vary depending on the size of the estate and the state you live in, they can often be 4% to 7% of the estate or more.
You may also want to avoid probate to keep the details of your estate private. Probate is a public process that can reveal your estate’s worth and chosen beneficiaries.
Trusts are also useful tools for providing a financial safety net for children in the unexpected event that both parents die. A trustee manages the assets on behalf of any minor beneficiaries. Terms can be set to transfer control of assets held in the trust to children when they reach a certain age.
Putting certain assets in a trust could help some seniors qualify for Medicaid. If you’re 65 or older, your home and furnishings are usually exempt from the asset limit to qualify, but the threshold is low: around $2,000 in most states.
Disadvantages of a Trust
Setting up a trust can be complex. There are usually more costs in creating a trust than a will.
With a revocable trust, you need to track income from assets held in the trust to report on your personal tax returns. If you designate a third-party trustee to manage the trust, maintenance costs could add up over time.
And if you put just your home in a trust, your other assets will still be subject to the probate process.
When a house is the only large asset, buying a house from a family member is a possible alternative. Though this can be contentious among relatives, it’s another option to pass on a valuable asset to the family while providing some financial security.
The Takeaway
Estate planning isn’t always easy. Putting your house in a trust is one strategy to reduce the time and costs associated with inheritance. Probate costs can eat up 4% to 7% of an estate, and putting assets into a trust can help avoid that. Even if you put a house in a trust, however, you are still liable for any mortgage payments due, which you may be able to lower via refinancing.
Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.
Photo credit: iStock/BrianAJackson
*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
This article is not intended to be legal advice. Please consult an attorney for advice.
SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.
SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.
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