Alternative investments — which fall outside the realm of conventional assets like stocks and bonds — were once considered too high risk for ordinary investors. Now alternative strategies are becoming more accessible through mutual funds and ETFs, and may even be available in some employer-sponsored retirement plans starting in 2026.
Thanks to their low correlation with traditional asset classes, alternatives may offer investors certain benefits. Alts can increase portfolio diversification, which may help offset some risk factors and improve risk-adjusted returns.
Alts include a range of assets including commodities, art, and collectibles, as well as alternative strategies such as investing in derivatives, real estate, private equity, and more.
Because alts tend to be very complex, fairly illiquid, and high risk, these investments do require careful management. To that end, this guide provides a comprehensive overview of some of the most common alternative investment choices.
The term “alternative” refers to investments that are alternatives to conventional strategies — not necessarily substitutes for them. To invest wisely in alts, it’s important to consider the potential risks and benefits of these assets. Alts tend to be complex, lightly regulated, and less transparent than other asset classes.
In addition, investors should bear in mind that alts can differ widely from one another in terms of their structure, fees, liquidity, tax treatment, and more.
Real estate is a common type of alternative investment because real estate values tend not to correlate with stock market performance, and thus they may provide a potential buffer against volatility. You can invest in various types of properties directly, or buy shares of publicly traded Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), as well as mutual funds and ETFs that provide access to this asset class.
Commodities are raw materials (e.g., precious metals, oil and gas, agricultural products) that are used in manufacturing or for consumption. Owing to the relatively steady demand for most commodities, these can be a hedge against inflation. That said, demand for different commodities can fluctuate — and commodities can be vulnerable to environmental and political risks.
Investors can access commodities via commodity stocks, mutual funds, and ETFs.
Foreign currency investing, often referred to as forex, is one of the largest and most liquid global markets. Forex trading offers the potential for diversification and tends to cost less than other types of alts. That noted, trading currencies directly can be quite volatile, and investors may prefer the relative stability of mutual funds or ETFs that provide exposure to foreign currencies.
Private equity provides investors with an opportunity to own a stake in smaller and early-stage companies that need capital to regain their footing, make a pivot, or (in the case of venture capital) get off to a strong start. As such, the risks of many PE and VC projects tend to be high — although there is also the potential for substantial profits when companies succeed.
High investment minimums have made it difficult for retailers to access these investments, but that has been changing as more private equity funds are designed with retail investors in mind.
Private credit is a form of lending from non-bank financial institutions. Sometimes called direct lending or private debt, private credit allows smaller companies to seek financing via channels outside of traditional bank loans.
Private credit can be a boon to businesses by supplying much-needed capital. And, as a type of alternative investment, it can create opportunities for investors who pool funds in order to issue loans — which in turn generate income for investors through interest payments. Private credit may utilize a range of strategies, each with its own risk and reward factors, so it’s important to understand the structures involved.
Although the alternative space was largely off limits for most ordinary investors until recently, alternative investment options are rapidly evolving to provide lower-cost, more liquid choices for retail investors through mutual funds, ETFs, and other vehicles (including some retirement accounts), many of them offered by well-established asset managers.
As always, investors need to do their due diligence to understand the potential pros and cons of these investments.
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