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Loans have become an integral part of American financial life. We need a mortgage to buy our first home, and an auto loan to purchase a car. More recently, people are turning to personal loans to cover surprise bills and avoid high-interest credit card debt. But just because you need a loan doesn’t mean a lender is going to give you the loan — and interest rate — you want.

If you’re struggling to qualify for a loan, a friend or family member may be able to help by becoming a co-borrower. By leveraging their income, credit score, and financial history, you may qualify for better loan terms. Let’s dive into the details.

What is a Co-borrower?

A loan co-borrower basically takes on the loan with you, and their name will be on the loan with yours. They will be equally responsible for paying the loan back and will have part ownership of whatever the loan buys. When you take out a mortgage with someone, the co-borrower will own half the home.

When applying for a loan, your partner is called a “co-applicant.” Once the loan is approved, the co-applicant becomes the co-borrower.

Spouses often co-borrow when buying property, and when taking out a home improvement loan for a remodel. In other circumstances, two parties become co-borrowers in order to qualify for a larger loan or better loan terms than if they were to take out a loan solo.

Recommended: All About Variable Interest Rate Loans

Co-borrower vs. Cosigner

A cosigner plays a slightly different role than a co-borrower. A cosigner’s income and financial history are still factored into the loan decision, and their positive credit standing benefits the primary applicant’s loan application. But a cosigner does not share ownership of any property the loan is used to purchase. And a cosigner will help make loan payments only if the primary borrower is unable to make them.

Cosigning helps assure lenders that someone will pay back the loan. Typically, a cosigner has a stronger financial history than the primary borrower. This can help someone get approved for a loan they might not qualify for on their own, or secure better terms.

For example, a parent with a strong credit history might cosign their child’s mortgage. The parent’s income likely lowers the child’s debt-to-income ratio. This, along with the parent’s longer credit history and typically higher credit score, allows the child to get a lower interest rate on their home loan. The parent doesn’t co-own the home, but they do have to make mortgage payments if their child can’t.

Recommended: What Is Revolving Credit?

Benefits of a Co-borrower

Having a co-borrower can help two people who both want to achieve a financial goal — like first-time homeownership or buying a new car — put in a stronger application than they might have on their own. The lender will have double the financial history to consider, and two borrowers to rely on when it comes to repayment. Therefore, the loan is a less risky prospect, which translates to more favorable terms.

Having a co-borrower has the potential to improve the borrowing power for both partners. Having a cosigner, on the other hand, is generally more beneficial to the primary applicant than it is for the cosigner.

Risks of a Co-borrower

By essentially taking on a financial partner, co-borrowers take on significant risk. Both parties are responsible for the loan from the beginning. And any bad financial decisions made by one borrower (like getting mixed up in short-term loans) can affect the other if it means the struggling borrower can’t make their payments.

Then there is the personal risk to the relationship. Money conflicts can sour a bond and even lead to the partnership being dissolved. Before taking on a co-borrower or agreeing to become one, it’s important to have an honest discussion. Both parties must be open about their credit history, financial habits, and goals.

Consider drawing up a contract — separate from the loan agreement — that outlines how responsibility will be divided and what happens in worst-case scenarios. While it may feel awkward, it can save you both a more heated argument later on.

When Does Having a Co-borrower Make Sense?

Applying with a co-borrower makes the most sense when you’re working as a team toward the same financial objective. Spouses buying a house together is a common example, but a joint personal loan with a partner might also be considered.

Personal loans are often used to fund home improvements or used for debt consolidation. Business partners may also co-borrow loans to help get their ventures up and running.

Many companies, including SoFi, now allow qualified individuals to co-borrow on personal loans. That means you and your co-borrower (whether a spouse, friend, or family member) may be able to qualify for a better personal loan interest rate and fund your financial goals much more easily.

The Takeaway

Taking out a loan is a big decision, and doing so with a co-borrower carries additional risks. A co-borrower is a partner in the loan and any property the loan is used to purchase. If one borrower cannot make their payments, the co-borrower will be on the hook for the full amount. But if both parties can come to an agreement about how they’ll handle any financial hardships, co-borrowing can have major benefits. By pooling their income and debt, they may lower their debt-to-income ratio and qualify for a mortgage or personal loan with a lower interest rate and better terms.

Thinking about co-borrowing on a personal loan? Check out your rate on a SoFi Personal Loan in 1 minute.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Here comes Valentine’s Day, when your heart may be full of love but your bank account could be low on cash. How can you mark the day with a great gift that won’t further deplete your funds? You’re in the right place to find out.

Typically, February 14 triggers a spending frenzy. In 2022, spending on all things red, heart-shaped, or otherwise lovey-dovey hit $23.9 billion, according to the National Retail Federation, up from $21.8 billion a year earlier.

So this is clearly a moment where people want to bestow a token of their affection on their beloved. This list of 15 affordable Valentine’s gift ideas will show your heart is in the right place without ringing up credit card debt. Pretty sweet, right?

Valentine’s Day Gifts on a Budget

Valentine’s Day has been celebrated for hundreds of years now, with the first messages declaiming love appearing in the 1500s. Commercially produced valentines swept across the U.S. in the mid-1800s and have been going strong ever since. The image of Cupid, the Roman god of love, with his bow and arrow, has been a long-time favorite representation, and birds (who often mate in February) also became a symbol of love.

These days, there’s no need to stick with those icons. Expressing your devotion can be done in an array of ways, often for very little cash that won’t blow your budget, as you’ll see in this list.

1. Sweet Treats

You could easily spend a bundle on top-tier chocolate truffles, but candy bars from the impulse rack at the checkout line can be equally satisfying. Put together a small bag of your honey’s favorite treats. Add a handmade card noting, “I’m sweet on you!” for a thoughtful and cute Valentine’s Day gift without going overboard.

2. Plant Power

While roses are a classic V-Day gift, price gouging can kick in around the holiday, making this a very expensive way to say “I love you.” Instead, why not avoid credit card debt and buy an adorable (and low-maintenance) potted succulent instead? It can show your affection and brighten your honey’s home. Look for them on Amazon or at The Home Depot or Lowe’s; they can cost just $7 each. Add tissue paper and some ribbon, and you’re good to go.

3. A Favorite Home-Made Meal

Skip the $100 dinner, and opt for a delicious meal at home. (Stash the money saved in an emergency fund or start a travel account with it.) Maybe that’s a chef’s recipe for three-cheese mac and cheese and a nice bottle of red wine or a good steak and salad with French vinaigrette. Choose something you don’t normally make that feels first-class but stays within a sensible budget.

4. S’mores

Here’s another affordable luxury that won’t bust your line-item budget on Valentine’s Day: While chocolates and fancy candy are delicious, sometimes a good old-fashioned treat from your childhood can feel more fun and meaningful. Grab a bag of marshmallows, graham crackers, and bar chocolate to roast over a fire.

Don’t have access to an open flame? No problem. Heat an oven to 350 degrees and layer a small baking dish with graham cracker squares, chocolate, and marshmallow halves. Repeat with another layer, topping it off with remaining marshmallow halves. Bake for nine to 11 minutes until marshmallows are puffed and golden brown on top.

5. An Over-the-Top Valentine’s Day Card

What’s an extravagant Valentine’s Day card? You know the splurge-y ones: Maybe they are three-dimensional, cut-paper pop-ups or encrusted with dried flowers. Some play music when you open them. Others are embossed with metallic designs. Whatever the details, even at their most expensive, they are likely to give you change on a $10 or $20 bill and put a smile on your sweetheart’s face.

6. A Handmade Valentine’s Day Card

On the other hand, what could be more wonderful than a handmade card from one’s boo? You might make a collage with magazine images or doodle a little drawing. When a heartfelt sentiment is added, that can be quite the Valentine’s Day keeper.

7. Cupid Coupons

Show your appreciation for your significant other through cupid coupons to be cashed in for loving gestures. These money-saving coupons don’t skimp on thoughtfulness. You can make them for a 10-minute massage, cooking dinner one night, doing their laundry, or watching their favorite reality show (which you really don’t like) together.

Come up with different coupon ideas and place them in a decorative jar or envelope. Your partner can then redeem these gifts throughout the year.

Recommended: 5 Ways to Achieve Financial Security

8. Low-Cost Local Activities

There are plenty of fun, free activities that you can take advantage of locally. Head back to your favorite spot in the park for a stroll, or drive up to a local scenic overlook. Search your city for free museums (many museums have times or days when you can visit at no cost) or points of interest that you haven’t been to together.

9. A V-Day Party

Why not do a group Valentine’s Day happy hour at home? Ask friends to BYOB, and celebrate together with simple snacks. Whether you make it a surprise for your beloved or not, you’ll have fun as a group, and you won’t have to worry about spending a ton of money.

10. Selfcare Supplies

Who can resist a little pampering? Head to a shop like Ulta or Sephora or look online at Amazon and other e-tailers for not-too-pricey moisturizers, masks, or shower gels. These often come in cleverly packaged sets for the Valentine’s Day holiday. These low-cost gifts are not only a treat for the recipient; their affordability can also make them a form of financial self-care for the gift giver.

11. A Love Letter

The written word goes a long way. If it’s been a while since you’ve confessed your love or you have yet to do so, express your feelings in a handwritten letter. Reflect on the past year with your bae, and tell them why they are so special.

If you’re short on words, write the top reasons why your partner makes you smile. Put each reason on a Post-it note, and leave them throughout their house or in their car.

12. DIY Roses

They may not smell as sweet as what Mother Nature makes, but LEGO Roses ($13) can be a fun gift. You can pre-assemble, or let your love go crazy building the 100-plus-piece blooms.

13. Scavenger Hunt

If you’re really crafty, come up with a scavenger hunt. You can make it themed according to your loved one’s favorite book, TV show, or movie. There’s nothing better than solving a Harry Potter-themed riddle that leads your partner to the Gryffindor House Cup or Tom Riddle’s diary.

Try coming up with four to five clues that lead to a small gift. A gift card to a local coffee shop feels more significant when you put together a scavenger hunt with your honey’s favorite things in mind.

14. Movie Night for Months

Research and write up a list of movies you’d love to watch together. Maybe they’ve never seen your favorite Hitchcock flicks or the “Lord of the Rings” saga. Leave a bunch of blank lines on your list for your love to fill in the movies they would like to stream with you, and have fun sharing together time while checking off each entry.

Trying to save money on streaming services? Check out services like Hoopla and Kanopy that can allow library-card holders to watch films for free.

15. Class Gift

Embark on an adventure together. Check your local library, community center, or arts organization for free or low-cost one-time classes, and sign both of you up. For instance, you might take a memoir-writing workshop, calligraphy tutorial, or strength-training class to spark a new hobby.

Valentine’s Day Explained

Curious about this holiday that’s all about love and how it got its name? Here’s a bit of history: Valentine’s Day may have been so named in honor of a priest who was martyred around the year 270. He was said to have signed a letter to his jailer’s daughter “from your Valentine” as that was his name. Legend has it that he befriended the young woman and healed her from blindness. His example may have helped to inspire today’s tradition.

Other versions of the day’s history also exist; no one is 100% certain of the origin.

Valentine’s Day by the Numbers

Here are a few interesting statistics related to the Valentine’s Day holiday and gift shopping:

•   Men spend $235, or almost twice as much as women do at $119, on average for Valentine’s Day.

•   In a recent year, Americans spent $6.2 billion on jewelry, $2.3 billion on flowers, and $2.2 billion on candy for Valentine’s Day.

•   Online dating activity can rise as much as 33% in the two weeks leading up to Valentine’s Day, perhaps signaling that many people don’t want to be alone on that holiday.

The Takeaway

You are now armed with great Valentine’s Day ideas that maximize the moment without blowing your budget. With these tactics, being financially savvy doesn’t have to take a holiday while you celebrate.

Need another way to boost your finances? Take a look at what SoFi offers. When you open an online bank account, you’ll enjoy the convenience of spending and saving in one place, plus you’ll have access to a suite of tools that can make monitoring your money easier and help you grow your cash via Vaults and Roundups. What’s more, you’ll earn a competitive annual percentage yield (APY) and pay no account fees. And qualifying accounts with direct deposit can even access their paycheck up to two days early. Those are all features to love!

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

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SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.

SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/24/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Once you’ve been accepted to college, an important decision you’ll need to make is whether to attend full time or part time. This is determined by the number of credits you take during a term. But you may want to consider more than just academic workload. Your enrollment status could also impact your financial aid, cost of attendance, taxes, and college experience.

Below, we’ll explain key differences between going to school full time and part time. We’ll also look at the implications of both to help you determine what makes sense for you.

What Is a Full-time Student?

Undergraduate students are typically considered to be full time when they’re enrolled in 12 or more credits during a term. Graduate students may take as few as nine credits to be considered full time. However, every institution sets its own threshold, so check your school’s policies and requirements.

How Many Classes Do You Need to Be Full Time?

Most classes are worth three credits. To be considered full time, undergraduate students usually take at least four classes per semester, and graduate students enroll in at least three classes.

What Is a Part-time Student?

In general, part-time undergraduate students take fewer than 12 credits. Graduate students attending school part time often enroll in fewer than nine credits. As with full-time enrollment, thresholds for part-time status can vary by institution, so consult your school’s policies.

How Many Classes Do You Need to Be Part Time?

Part-time undergraduate students typically take three or fewer classes per semester. Graduate students studying part time may enroll in one or two classes.

Difference Between Full-time and Part-time Students

The difference between full-time and part-time students comes down to the number of credits they take during a term. Enrollment status can impact how students pay for their education.

Tuition Cost

Part-time students generally pay per credit hour. This allows them to spread out the cost of their education over a longer period of time.

Full-time tuition is capped once a student reaches the credit threshold. This means a student may be able to pay the same in tuition for taking anywhere between 12 to 18 credits in a term. Because of this, full-time students may be interested in maximizing credit hours to reduce education costs. While this can help students stay on track or even graduate early, they may be charged an additional fee per credit hour if they enroll in more than 18 hours per term.

Recommended: What Is the Cost of Attendance in College?

Financial Aid

Enrollment status can affect a student’s financial aid options. For instance, some types of federal student aid require students to be enrolled at least half-time (six or more credits) to qualify.

Pell Grants, which are awarded based on a student’s financial need, vary according to enrollment status. Full-time students may receive up to $6,895 for the 2022-2023 academic year. Awards for part-time students are proportional to the number of credit hours a student takes. For example, a student taking nine credits would be eligible for 75% of the maximum award. Part-time students should keep in mind that eligibility for Pell Grants can’t exceed 12 academic terms.

Both full-time and part-time students can qualify for federal Direct Loans and, if they attend a participating university, the federal work-study program. Interested students must indicate that they’d like to be considered for work-study on the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA).

Since financial aid awards can vary by institution, consider checking with your school to determine how enrollment status could impact your overall financial aid package.

Recommended: Types of Federal Student Loans

Student Loan Repayment

Whether studying part-time or full-time, many students take out an undergraduate loan to pay for their education expenses. Most federal student loans do not require repayment while the student is enrolled in school at least half-time. Part-time students have to repay loans once they drop below half-time enrollment.

Borrowers with Direct Subsidized, Direct Unsubsidized, or Federal Family Education loans will also have a six-month grace period after graduation before loan payments are due. And if you return to half-time or full-time enrollment prior to the end of the grace period, you will be eligible for the full six-month period upon graduation. Interest on Direct Subsidized loans is covered by the U.S. Department of Education while students are enrolled and during certain periods of deferment.

Graduate and professional students with PLUS loans may also receive a six-month deferment on repayment when falling below half-time status.

Borrowers with private student loans and certain federal loans may be expected to begin repayment immediately.

Scholarships

Scholarships can help pay for tuition and related educational expenses. Organizations may use a variety of criteria when awarding scholarships, including academic merit, financial need, quality of application responses, and enrollment status.

Some scholarships have eligibility requirements that require recipients to be full-time students. Still, opportunities exist for part-time students to secure financial help, including unclaimed scholarships and grants.

Recommended: Scholarships and Grants to Pay Off Student Loans

Tax Credit Eligibility

Enrollment status can have implications for your or your parents’ taxes. There are two main programs — the American Opportunity Tax Credit (AOTC) and the Lifetime Learning Credit (LLC) — that can give tax credits for out-of-pocket education expenses.

The AOTC can provide an annual credit up to $2,500 per student, given they are enrolled at least half-time.

Meanwhile, the LLC is open to all students regardless of enrollment status. The maximum credit per return is 20% of eligible education expenses up to $10,000, or $2,000 total.

Schedule and Time Commitment

For many, the choice to be a part-time vs full-time student can often come down to scheduling.

As a general rule of thumb, students can expect between two to three hours of work per week for each credit they’re taking. This means that a three-credit course would require approximately six to nine hours of student engagement, including class time, homework, readings, and studying.

Many full- and part-time students work while completing their degrees to help pay for education and living expenses. according to information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In October 2021, 42.7% of full-time students had some type of employment while 83.6% of part-time students were employed.

To make their schedule more feasible, part-time students may consider taking online classes while working to reduce commute times and have access to a wider selection of academic programs.

Taking night classes is another option for students to study while working.

College Experience

Financial considerations are only part of the picture when deciding whether to go to school full or part time. Your overall college experience is another piece. Students carrying a full course load tend to stay in school longer. In 2021, the retention rate for full-time students was 75.6%, compared to 45% for part-time students.

Enrollment status could influence aspects of campus life and extracurricular activities as well. For instance, some schools may only allow full-time students to live in on-campus housing. And student-athletes must abide by NCAA regulations, which include minimum coursework requirements, to be eligible to play.

The Takeaway

The difference between going to college full-time or part-time comes down to how many credits are taken during a term. In general, full-time students take 12 or more credits, while part-time students take 11 or fewer credits.

When deciding whether to be a full-time vs part-time student, you may want to consider more than courseload. Enrollment status can impact tuition costs, taxes, and financial aid options.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help full- and half-time students pay for school. The application process can be completed easily online, and you can see rates and terms in just a few minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, helping students find an option that works for their financial plan and budget.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

What are some benefits of being a full-time student?

Students who go to school full time are often able to focus completely on their studies, and a full course load means they can complete their degree faster. Full-time enrollment is also required for some scholarships, grants and financial aid.

What are some benefits of being a part-time student?

Studying part time gives you the chance to work while going to school, which can make tuition and fees easier to manage. Plus, some employers will help pay for a portion of the cost.

What factors should I think about when weighing whether to enroll full time or part time?

Deciding whether to be a full-time vs. part-time student is a personal decision. As you’re weighing your options, consider factors like how much time you have in your schedule for school; any work or family commitments; your financial situation and available financial aid options; and your goals after graduation and their time frames.

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Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Ethereum 2.0 is the new and improved version of the original Ethereum project, while Ethereum Classic is a smaller, less well-known fork from the original Ethereum blockchain, dating back to 2016. The native coin of Ethereum 2.0 is ETH, unchanged from the original Ethereum project. The native coin of Ethereum Classic is ETC.

Ethereum 2.0 features a series of innovations and upgrades that became known as The Merge, when the project shifted from a proof-of-work system to a more efficient proof-of-stake algorithm in September 2022.

Ethereum Classic, meanwhile, still exists, but ETC has a much smaller market cap and lower price compared with ETH.

What Is Ethereum 2.0 (ETH)?

Although Ethereum is the second-largest crypto by market cap, the road to Ethereum 2.0 has been long and complicated.

History of Ethereum 2.0 and Ethereum Classic

It helps to think of Ethereum as evolving in three stages:

•   The original Ethereum project and crypto (ETH) were created by Vitalik Buterin and launched in 2015 as the first programmable blockchain.

•   In 2016, a hacking incident resulted in a hard fork of that original blockchain, which divided the Ethereum project in two. Users loyal to the original blockchain became part of Ethereum Classic — essentially the original Ethereum, untouched — creating a new coin ETC.

   Those who favored the upgrade, which reconfigured the blockchain to address the hack and cyber theft, built a version known simply as Ethereum, which kept ETH as its native coin. Call it Ethereum 1.0.

•   Then in late 2022 the Ethereum 1.0 blockchain completed a major shift from its legacy proof-of-work system, migrating to proof-of-stake. This more efficient blockchain is sometimes called Ethereum 2.0 — but that moniker is fading now that some of the major changes are in place.

So when people talk about Ethereum 2.0, they are referring to the latest upgrade to the far more energy-efficient, proof-of-stake consensus mechanism. But Ethereum 2.0 is really the same big crypto competitor that has been #2 in size and scope to Bitcoin’s #1 for years.

What Is Ethereum Classic (ETC)?

Ethereum Classic was created from a hard fork of the original Ethereum blockchain, and ETC is its native token. The hard fork was an effort to cope with a cyber attack in which $50 million was stolen.

ETH and ETC shared the same blockchain record prior to the hard fork. Since they both stem from the same project, Ethereum Classic has many of the same features as Ethereum 2.0. But owing to the substantial technological differences between the two chains, Ethereum Classic wasn’t able to support the kinds of innovations that have built Ethereum into the DeFi powerhouse it is today.

Ethereum is best known as one of the most successful programmable blockchain platforms, with the capacity to support smart contracts, dApps (decentralized apps), non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and other DeFi projects. For these and other reasons, Ethereum remains a crypto industry leader, pointing to some of the reasons investors may consider crypto.

As of February 7, 2023, ETC was the #23 largest cryptocurrency, with a price of $22 and a market cap of just over $3.1 billion. By comparison, Ethereum (ETH) is the second-largest cryptocurrency with a price of $1,638 and a market cap of about $200 billion. Both tokens can be traded as speculative assets and both are listed on many of the most popular crypto exchanges.

Bitcoin remains the oldest and still the largest cryptocurrency, with a market cap of $442 billion, as of February 7, 2023.

What Is a Smart Contract?

A smart contract is an agreement between two parties written in code. The blockchain will execute the terms of the contract automatically, when certain conditions agreed upon by the two parties are met.

Because blockchain technology is also immutable (a blockchain’s records cannot be changed, at least in theory), smart contracts create many opportunities for businesses to do things faster, more efficiently, and in a way that doesn’t require the time and money costs of third-party oversight.

Smart contracts are a critical part of how crypto works. Many different types of cryptocurrencies can use smart contracts, but Ethereum was the first and remains the most prominent leader in the space.

How Ethereum Classic Works

Ethereum Classic is the original Ethereum, and still adheres to the rules and functions of the original Ethereum blockchain. As such, the upgrades that have been implemented over time, leading to Ethereum’s current incarnation (Ethereum 2.0), are not compatible with Ethereum Classic.

Accordingly, Ethereum Classic retains a proof-of-work consensus mechanism, in which miners can generate additional ETC through crypto mining.

Ethereum Classic also doesn’t adhere to the ERC20 token standard. The primary purpose of ERC20 tokens is to work with smart contracts and define a common list of rules that all tokens on the Ethereum blockchain abide by.

Ethereum Classic History

The history of Ethereum Classic is complicated and technical. A simplified summary of the altcoin might go something like this:

•   Developers created the DAO, or decentralized autonomous organization, on Ethereum with the goal of funding future development of decentralized applications.

•   The DAO had its own tokens that were interchangeable with ETH tokens and executed contracts using proof-of-work.

•   In 2016, after hackers took advantage of a flaw in the DAO smart contract and stole $50 million worth of ETH, the community decided that the network would create a hard fork to solve its security challenges.

•   The new blockchain, created as a result of the fork, would be called Ethereum. Ethereum began a bigger evolution in 2021 and shifted to proof-of-stake consensus algorithm in 2022. The old blockchain is called Ethereum Classic.

Difference Between Ethereum 2.0 and Ethereum Classic

If you’re looking to build a well-balanced crypto portfolio, you probably want to choose one but not both Ethereum and Ethereum Classic.

While the Ethereum 2.0 and Ethereum Classic networks allow software developers to use smart contracts to build applications, one advantage of Ethereum 2.0 is that it has a larger market cap and user base than Ethereum Classic. This may make ETH less volatile overall. Certainly the token has higher liquidity, and is more popular on exchanges.

ETH also has the added use case of being fuel or “gas” for decentralized applications (dApps). Many developers build decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols on top of Ethereum.

To use those kinds of apps, users need ETH tokens. Sometimes ETH is the only token that users can exchange for other tokens necessary for participating in the platform. Other times, dApps require small amounts of ETH to perform certain functions.

For example, Crypto Kitties was one of the first big decentralized applications, or dApps. The game allowed users to buy, sell, and trade virtual cats that could be “bred” with one another, creating new, unique virtual cats. To participate in the game, users needed ETH tokens.

Ethereum 2.0 also has stronger support from something called the Enterprise Ethereum Alliance, which counts many large companies among its members.

Choosing Which Ethereum to Invest in

If you want to invest in one of the two Ethereums — Ethereum 2.0 or Ethereum Classic — the decision will ultimately come down to your personal preferences and goals as an investor. As discussed, the two are similar, but there are some stark differences that may make one more attractive than the other.

For the average crypto investor, though, it may make sense to stick to the larger cryptocurrency, which is Ethereum 2.0. It has more liquidity and a larger market cap, which might make it a more attractive choice. On the other hand, if you’re interested in being able to mine crypto, Ethereum Classic may be more suited to your tastes.

Price of Ethereum Classic vs Ethereum 2.0

In terms of price or value, Ethereum 2.0 (ETH) is more valuable than Ethereum Classic (ETC). As noted above, Ethereum 2.0 tokens were trading for roughly $1,638 each as of Feb. 7, 2023. That is down significantly from its all-time high of more than $4,600 in the fall of 2021.

Ethereum Classic, conversely, trades for around $22. That, too, is far off its all-time high, which was around $120 in the spring of 2021.

Recommended: Top 30 Cryptocurrencies Based on Market Cap

The Future of Ethereum Classic

What is the future of Ethereum Classic? It’s hard to say.

Looking at Ethereum Classic vs. Ethereum 2.0, it’s not hard to see that Ethereum appears to have better prospects for the future. For instance, there’s more trust in the ETH network, it has more backing, and it has a much larger market cap when compared to the Ethereum Classic value. There are also a lot of DeFi platforms and other dApps built on Ethereum 2.0 — more so than on any other smart contract platform.

To make matters worse, the Ethereum Classic network has suffered several 51% attacks. This can happen when attackers gain enough hashing power to control the majority of the network. Then they can alter the blockchain, leading to potential problems like double spent transactions, where users can send the same coins more than once.

The Takeaway

Ethereum Classic is the original version of Ethereum, which itself has undergone several upgrades and is now Ethereum 2.0. The two are similar, and have their roots on the same Ethereum blockchain, but now are two different cryptocurrencies entirely, operating on their own blockchains.

Ethereum Classic still adheres to the original Ethereum’s standards and protocols, including its proof-of-work consensus mechanism. Ethereum 2.0, on the other hand, has adopted new and improved standards, including a proof-of-stake model. It’s also vastly more popular and valuable.

FAQ

Is Ethereum Classic the same as Ethereum?

No, Ethereum Classic is its own project on a separate blockchain network, that adheres to the original Ethereum’s standards and protocols. It’s more accurate to say that Ethereum 2.0 is the “original” Ethereum, as it is the old Ethereum having undergone upgrades and updates.

Which is better: Ethereum 2.0 or Ethereum Classic?

It’s impossible to say which is better, as that’s a subjective call. But Ethereum 2.0 has many advantages over Ethereum Classic, since it’s bigger, more widely used, and more valuable. But prospective miners may give Ethereum Classic the edge.

Is there a future for Ethereum Classic?

Ethereum 2.0 appears to be winning over more investors and market participants. Ethereum Classic is still one of the largest crypto, however, so it’s not time to rule it out.

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Photo credit: iStock/MStudioImages

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