mother and son on rooftop

Understanding Parent PLUS Loan Repayment Options

If you took out a Direct PLUS Loan for parents to help fund your child’s education, you’re going to eventually have to start paying the money back. Parent PLUS Loans generally can’t be transferred to your child — even once they graduate and get a steady job — so you’re the one who’s on the hook for paying them off in full. That prospect can be daunting, since this may be your largest chunk of debt outside of a mortgage.

Fortunately, there are a number of ways to delay payments on Parent PLUS Loans or make them more affordable. Keep reading to learn more on Parent PLUS Loan repayment options.

Key Points

•   Parent PLUS Loans lack a grace period, meaning repayments start immediately after the loan is fully disbursed, often creating a financial burden for parents.

•   Deferment and forbearance options exist to temporarily pause payments, but interest continues to accrue, potentially increasing the total debt owed.

•   Three primary repayment plans are available: Standard, Graduated, and Extended, each varying in payment structure and loan duration, impacting overall interest paid.

•   Forgiveness options for Parent PLUS Loans are limited, but income-driven repayment plans and Public Service Loan Forgiveness may provide relief under specific conditions.

•   Refinancing with a private lender can lower interest rates and monthly payments but will result in the loss of federal loan benefits, such as forgiveness and forbearance.

When Do Parent PLUS Loan Payments Start?

Repayment for Parent PLUS Loans typically begins once the loan is fully disbursed. Unlike some other federal student loans, Parent PLUS Loans do not have a grace period — a six-month break after the student graduates or drops below half-time enrollment, before payments are due.

The idea behind the delay with other student loans is that it gives your child a chance to get settled financially. The federal government assumes you, as a parent, don’t need the same accommodation.

If you’re not ready to start paying, you have a couple of options for pausing repayment on your Parent PLUS Loan:

1.    Apply for deferment. Your first payment on a Parent PLUS Loan is typically due once the loan is fully paid out, often after the spring semester. However, you can opt to defer Parent PLUS Loan payments while your child is enrolled at least half-time and up to six months after they graduate or drop below half-time enrollment. To do this, you simply need to apply for a deferment with your loan servicer. Just keep in mind that interest will still be piling up, even if you’re not making payments. If you don’t pay the interest during this period, it will be capitalized (i.e., added to the loan principal) when the deferment is over, which can increase how much you owe over the life of the loan.

2.    Request forbearance. If your child is already more than six months post graduation, you may still be able to temporarily stop or reduce what you owe by requesting a forbearance. To be eligible for forbearance, however, you must be unable to pay because of financial hardship, medical bills, or a change in your employment situation. The amount of forbearance you can receive for your payments depends on your situation. Interest will still accrue during this period, but if you’re going through a temporary financial difficulty, it may be worth approaching your loan servicer for a forbearance rather than risking missed payments.



💡 Quick Tip: You can fund your education with a low-rate, no-fee private student loan that covers all school-certified costs.

Parent PLUS Loan Repayment Options

You typically can’t put off payments forever. Depending on the repayment plan you choose, you will have between 10 and 25 years to pay off the loan in full. However, you have three different repayment options to choose from. Here’s a closer look at each plan.

Standard Repayment Plan

One of the most straightforward options is the Standard Repayment Plan. In this scenario, you will pay the same fixed amount each month and pay the loan in full within 10 years. The benefit is that you always know how much you owe and you’ll accrue less interest than with most other plans, since you’ll be repaying the loan in a faster time frame.

The difficulty is that this results in monthly payments that may be too high for some people. It’s a good option if you can afford the payments and you don’t expect your situation to change in the next ten years.

Recommended: 6 Strategies to Pay off Student Loans Quickly

Graduated Repayment Plan

With the Graduated Repayment Plan, you will also pay off your loan within 10 years. However, the payments will start out smaller and then gradually increase, usually every two years. You’ll pay more overall than under the previous plan because you’ll accrue more interest, but less than if you were to sign on for a longer repayment term. This plan can be a good option if you expect to earn more in the relatively near future.

Extended Repayment Plan

A third choice is the Extended Repayment Plan, which spreads payments out over 25 years. You can either pay the same amount every month, or have payments start out lower and ramp up over time. You’ll end up paying more over the life of the loan because you’ll be racking up interest over a longer time period. However, this payment plan can be a good way to make monthly payments more affordable while knowing you are on track to pay off the loan in full.


💡 Quick Tip: Parents and sponsors with strong credit and income may find much lower rates on no-fee private parent student loans than federal Parent PLUS Loans. Federal PLUS loans also come with an origination fee.

Loan Forgiveness for Parent PLUS Loans

Parent PLUS borrowers don’t have as many opportunities for loan forgiveness as students do. However, there are other options to get debt relief for Parent PLUS Loans. Here are two to consider.

Income-Contingent Repayment Plan

You do have one option for tying payments to your income, but you have to jump through one hoop first — you’ll need to consolidate your Direct PLUS Loans into a Direct Consolidation Loan. You can (and will need to) do this even if you only have one Parent Plus Loan.

A Direct Consolidation Loan combines any existing federal Parent PLUS Loans into one and may change your monthly payment, interest rate, or the amount of time in which you have to repay the loan. You can’t, however, consolidate Direct PLUS Loans received by parents to help pay for a dependent student’s education with federal student loans that the student received.

Once you consolidate, you may be eligible for the Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR) Plan. Under this plan, your monthly payment would be no more than 20% of your discretionary income for 25 years. After that time, any remaining debt is forgiven.

The ICR plan can potentially lower the required monthly payment to an affordable level. Depending on your income, you can potentially get a payment as low as $0.

Public Service Loan Forgiveness

Another way you might be able to get your loans forgiven is by signing up for Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF). You might qualify if you work in a public service job, including for a government organization, nonprofit, police department, library, or early childhood education center. Note that you are the one who has to work in this field, and not the student.

To be eligible for PSLF, you’ll need to first consolidate your Parent PLUS Loans into a Direct Consolidation Loan and start repayment under the ICR Plan. Once you make 120 qualifying payments on the new Direct Consolidation Loan, your loan may be forgiven (prior Parent Plus Loan payments do not count towards 120 payments required for PSLF).

Considering Student Loan Refinancing

If you’re looking for another way to tackle your Parent PLUS Loan, you may want to consider refinancing your Parent Plus Loan with a private lender. This involves taking out a new loan and using it to repay your current Parent PLUS Loan.

Refinancing can potentially reduce the total interest you pay over time, lower your monthly payment, and/or help you get out of debt faster. Note: You may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term. Depending on the lender, you may also have the option to transfer the debt into your student’s name.

When you apply for a Parent PLUS Loan refinance, the lender will conduct a credit check and look at your income and other debts to determine if you qualify for a refinance and at what rate. Generally, the better your credit, the cheaper the loan will be. In fact, if you have exceptional credit, your interest rate could be substantially lower than what the federal government originally offered you. Keep in mind, however, that when you refinance a federal student loan with a private lender, you are no longer eligible for federal student loan benefits, such as forgiveness or forbearance.

Recommended: How to Refinance Student Loans

The Takeaway

By taking out a Parent PLUS Loan, you are generously supporting your child’s dream of getting a college education and launching a successful career. But that doesn’t mean that loan payments need to become a burden for you. If you learn about your options for reducing or managing payments, you’ll be on track to paying off your loan with peace of mind.
Other ways to pay for college include cash savings, grants and scholarships, federal student loans taken out by your child, and private student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.


Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

When does repayment begin for Parent PLUS Loans?

Repayment for Parent PLUS Loans starts immediately after the loan is fully disbursed. Unlike some other federal student loans, there is no automatic grace period. However, parents can apply for deferment while their child is enrolled at least half-time and for up to six months after the student graduates or drops below half-time enrollment. It’s important to note that interest continues to accrue during deferment.

Are Parent PLUS Loans eligible for income-driven repayment plans?

Parent PLUS Loans are not directly eligible for income-driven repayment plans. However, by consolidating them into a Direct Consolidation Loan, borrowers can access the Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR) plan. Under ICR, payments are based on income and family size, and any remaining balance may be forgiven after 25 years of qualifying payments.

Is refinancing a Parent PLUS Loan a viable option?

Refinancing with a private lender can potentially lower interest rates and monthly payments. Some private lenders, like SoFi, may allow the loan to be transferred to the student. However, refinancing federal loans into private ones means losing access to federal benefits, such as income-driven repayment plans and loan forgiveness programs.


SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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A Guide to Unsecured Personal Loans

A Guide to Unsecured Personal Loans

Unsecured personal loans are loans provided by banks, credit unions, and online lenders that do not require any type of collateral. They provide an opportunity to borrow funds without putting any of your assets (like your home or car) at risk. The funds can be used for virtually any purpose, including debt consolidation, home improvements, and large purchases.

How do you know if an unsecured personal loan is the right choice for you? Learn the full story here.

Key Points

•   Unsecured personal loans are loans that don’t require collateral and can be used for various purposes like debt consolidation, home improvements, and large purchases.

•   They are provided by banks, credit unions, and online lenders, and the loan amount and interest rates are typically based on factors like income, credit scores, and borrowing history.

•   Common uses for unsecured personal loans include credit card payoff, debt consolidation, medical expenses, and home improvement projects.

•   Unsecured loans offer benefits such as fast processing time, consistent payments, lower interest rates compared to credit cards, flexibility in usage, and no collateral requirement.

•   When applying for an unsecured personal loan, it’s important to check your credit score, research and compare lenders, and provide necessary personal and financial information during the application process.

What Is an Unsecured Loan?

An unsecured loan is a loan that is not backed by collateral, such as your home, bank account balances, or vehicle. To have a loan backed by an asset (aka a secured loan) means that a bank or lender has the right to take that asset in the event of default on the loan.

Loans backed by collateral (such as mortgages, home equity loans, and auto loans) generally pose less risk to lenders — if the borrower defaults, they can recoup the balance due by seizing the collateralized property. Because unsecured loans pose a higher risk, they tend to have higher interest rates and come in lower loan amounts compared to secured loans.

Some borrowers, however, prefer unsecured loans, since they don’t require you to put your home, car, or other personal assets at risk. You qualify for an unsecured personal loan strictly on your ability to repay the borrowed amount. Lenders assess this by looking at your income, credit scores, and borrowing history.

Top Common Uses for Unsecured Personal Loans

Unsecured personal loans can be used for a wide array of purposes. Here are some of the most common reasons why people take out unsecured personal loans.

Credit Card Payoff

Credit cards tend to have high annual percentage rates (APRs). Currently, in the first half of 2025, the average credit card interest rate is about 24.20%. Personal loan interest rates, on the other hand, can charge half that figure (if you have a high credit score, you may be able to get an even lower APR).

Using a personal loan to pay off credit card debt can potentially help you save money on interest. You can get an estimate of the potential savings of using an unsecured personal loan to pay off a credit card balance by using a personal loan calculator.

Debt Consolidation

If you make many different credit card (or other debt) payments every month, it can be difficult to keep track of all the due dates and minimum amounts owed. If you miss a payment or don’t pay at least the amount due, you can get hit with late fees and your credit could be negatively affected.

Debt consolidation is the process of taking out an unsecured personal loan and using it to pay off multiple debts, leaving you with just one monthly payment. This simplifies repayment and, if you get a loan with a lower interest rate, could also help you save money.

Medical Expenses

Unsecured personal loans can be used to pay for a range of medical treatments, including elective procedures, fertility treatments, prescriptions, surgeries, dental procedures, and more.

A number of lenders, including certain banks, credit unions and online lenders, offer personal loans for medical expenses. Though interest expenses will add to the total cost of treatment, this can be a less expensive option than putting the medical expense on your credit card.

Home Projects

Whether you’re thinking about updating your kitchen or renovating a bathroom, you may be able to use an unsecured personal loan, also called a home improvement loan, to obtain funding for the project.

An unsecured personal loan can be especially useful if you need cash quickly for critical repairs or emergencies. It also provides an alternative to taking out a home equity loan or line of credit for remodeling or repairs, both of which are secured loans and require equity in your home.

Major Purchases

Other large purchases could be funded by a personal loan. This could mean that you are buying tangible items, such as new furniture for a family room or a new water heater. Or you might want to finance a wedding or a big vacation.

Emergency Expenses

A personal loan could be a way to finance a major car repair bill, replace e home heating system that conks out during a cold spell, or other urgent emergency expense. It could also keep you a float if, say, one spouse has lost a job but you still qualify for a loan.

Awarded Best Online Personal Loan by NerdWallet.
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What Are Some Different Types of Unsecured Loans?

The most common types of unsecured loans include:

•   Personal loans Personal loans are typically unsecured vs. secured personal loans, though some lenders offer secured options. Loan amounts range from $1,000 to $50,000 or $100,000 (and occasionally more), with repayment terms of two to eight years. (Some lenders may offer longer terms for large loans.) Interest rates are typically fixed.

•   Personal lines of credit A personal line of credit is a revolving loan, which means the loan can be spent, repaid, and spent again, similar to a credit card. While some credit lines are secured, many lenders offer unsecured options. Personal credit lines typically have a variable interest rate.

•   Student loans Education loans are used to cover the cost of college tuition and expenses. Both federal and private student loans are unsecured. However, student loans usually carry more restrictions and payback instructions than other types of unsecured loans.

•   Credit cards Like a personal credit line, credit cards are a type of revolving loan that lets you access money up to a certain limit as you need it and only pay interest on the amount you borrow. While secured credit cards are available, most consumer cards do not require collateral to access a line of credit in this way.

Why Choose an Unsecured Personal Loan?

Here’s a look at some of the benefits of unsecured personal loans.

•   Fast processing time It often doesn’t take long to get the lump sum of money in your hands — often just a few days or so.

•   Consistent payments Personal loans are a type of installment loan, which means payments will be fixed and follow a set schedule.

•   Less costly than credit cards With good credit, interest rates on unsecured personal loans are typically lower than interest rates on credit cards.

•   Flexibility An unsecured personal loan can be used for almost any purpose, including credit card consolidation, a large purchase (like a kitchen appliance), a wedding, travel, medical expenses, home repairs, and more.

•   No collateral You don’t need to put anything of value at risk of repossession in order to secure the loan.

How to Apply for an Unsecured Personal Loan

Before you apply for an unsecured personal loan it’s a good idea to check your credit score, since it will play a role in your loan eligibility and interest rate.

Next, you’ll want to research and compare lenders, including banks, credit unions, and online lenders. It can be a good idea to compare loan amounts, interest rates, terms, and fees. Also check loan requirements, if they are available. Some lenders have a minimum credit score or income requirements.

In some cases, you may be able to pre-qualify for a personal loan, which lets you see the loan terms you may qualify for. This involves a soft credit check, which won’t impact your credit.

Once you find a loan you like, it’s time to officially apply. Often, you can do this online, though some lenders may require you to apply in person. Either way, you’ll need to provide personal and financial information (such as your name, home address, and employment information). In addition, you may need to provide the following documents:

•   State-issued photo ID

•   Proof of residence

•   Proof of income (like a bank statement or pay stub)

•   Tax return

Once you submit your application, you may receive a decision within a few minutes or a few days, depending on the lender. In some cases, the process may take a week or more.

What Lenders Look for in Unsecured Loan Applications

If you’re applying for an unsecured loan, lenders tend to look for the following, among other factors:

•   A strong credit score. While some people with a score of 580 or higher can qualify for a loan, most lenders look for a score of 700 or above to start to offer their most favorable interest rates and terms to lenders.

•   A favorable credit history. In other words, prospective lenders want to know that you’ve handled debt responsibly in the past. If you have events like bankruptcy in the past, a lender may hesitate or charge you higher interest rates.

•   Financial factors. Lenders will want to see that your earning power and debt-to-income ratio, or DTI, are in the right balance to allow for repayment of the loan.

Unsecured vs Secured Personal Loans: Key Differences

The key difference between unsecured and secured personal loans is that, with a secured loan, you provide a form of collateral to secure the loan. This could be money in the bank, a vehicle, investments, or art and collectibles. The idea is that the lender knows they could claim that item if you were to default on the loan.

This makes lending less risky for them. For this reason, it could help a loan seeker who has a less than ideal credit history qualify, even if they can’t access an unsecured loan. With an unsecured loan, you don’t put up any collateral. Instead, factors like your credit history, income, and assets typically reassure the lender that you are not a risky borrower.

The Takeaway

For some of life’s many curveballs — or opportunities — the occasional need for an unsecured personal loan might come up. Unlike a secured loan (like an auto loan or mortgage), an unsecured personal loan doesn’t require you to provide anything of value to guarantee it. You qualify based only on your ability to repay the borrowed amount to the lender.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.


SoFi’s Personal Loan was named a NerdWallet 2026 winner for Best Personal Loan for Large Loan Amounts.

FAQ

What credit score do I need for an unsecured personal loan?

According to the credit bureau Experian®, you need at least a credit score of 580 to qualify for an unsecured personal loan, and a score of 700 or higher to get the most favorable rates and terms.

How much can I borrow with an unsecured personal loan?

Unsecured personal loans can offer a lump sum of anywhere from $1,000 to $100,000 or even more, depending on the lender’s guidelines and the borrower’s creditworthiness.

What are the disadvantages of unsecured loans?

Disadvantages of unsecured loans for borrowers can be that they may be harder to qualify for or charge higher interest rates than secured loans. The reason: They may be riskier for lenders, since if the borrower defaults, the lender doesn’t have a form of collateral to claim and use to offset their loss.

How long does it take to get approved for an unsecured loan?

The timing of getting approval for an unsecured loan can vary depending on the borrower and the lender. At its fastest, it could happen within a day. At the other end of the spectrum, it might take a week or two.

Can I pay off an unsecured loan early?

Yes, you can usually pay off an unsecured loan early. This can help you save on interest fees, but check your lender’s policies. You might owe what’s known as a prepayment penalty, a fee which goes to the lender. This feel helps compensate the lender for the loss of the previously projected interest they would have collected over the life of the loan.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

²SoFi Bank, N.A. NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC), offers loans directly or we may assist you in obtaining a loan from SpringEQ, a state licensed lender, NMLS #1464945.
All loan terms, fees, and rates may vary based upon your individual financial and personal circumstances and state.
You should consider and discuss with your loan officer whether a Cash Out Refinance, Home Equity Loan or a Home Equity Line of Credit is appropriate. Please note that the SoFi member discount does not apply to Home Equity Loans or Lines of Credit not originated by SoFi Bank. Terms and conditions will apply. Before you apply, please note that not all products are offered in all states, and all loans are subject to eligibility restrictions and limitations, including requirements related to loan applicant’s credit, income, property, and a minimum loan amount. Lowest rates are reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. Products, rates, benefits, terms, and conditions are subject to change without notice. Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria. Information current as of 06/27/24.
In the event SoFi serves as broker to Spring EQ for your loan, SoFi will be paid a fee.


Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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What Is a Personal Loan? How Do Personal Loans Work?

A personal loan is a flexible type of loan issued by a bank, credit union, or online lender that you pay back in regular installments, typically at a fixed rate and over a set term.

Personal loans work a little differently than other types of loans. Consumer loans typically specify what the money should be spent on: Mortgages are used to purchase or refinance homes, and student loans are used to pay for an education. But with a personal loan, you can usually use it however you see fit, whether that means consolidating debt, paying off a major medical bill, or financing a wedding.

Read on to learn more about how personal loans work, including how to apply and the different types of personal loans.

Key Points

•   A personal loan is a flexible type of loan issued by a bank, credit union, or online lender that you pay back in regular, fixed payments over a set term.

•   Personal loans can be used for almost anything. Loan amounts generally range from $1,000 to $50,000, though some lenders offer personal loans up to $100,000 or even more. Repayment terms are usually anywhere from two to seven or 10 years.

•   The interest rate on a personal loan is determined by the lender and is based on a number of factors, including the applicant’s financial history, income, debt, and credit score.

•   Personal loans can be used for various purposes, including debt consolidation, home improvements, wedding costs, and vacations.

•   Before you apply for a personal loan, you’ll want to consider how much money you want to borrow, how much you can afford to pay each month, how long you want to make payments, and whether or not you want to put up collateral.

Personal Loans at a Glance

As noted above, a personal loan is an installment loan paid off over time. Specifically, some points to note:

•   The terms is typically between a couple or up to 10 years.

•   While a personal loan may be as small as $1,000 or as large as $100,000 or even more.

•   It’s usually an unsecured, fixed-rate loan.

•   As with most loans, the best (or lowest) interest rates tend to go to those with the best credit scores and history.

What Is a Personal Loan?

As mentioned before, a personal loan is a one-time lump sum you borrow from a bank or other financial institution and repay over time, usually with interest.

The beauty of personal loans is that once you receive the lump sum payment, you can usually use it however you see fit, whether that means putting in a swimming pool, having major dental work done, or paying for family planning, like fertility costs.

How Do Personal Loans Work?

Personal loans are typically unsecured loans (meaning you don’t have to pledge an asset to secure the loan) that provide you with money you then pay back in regular installments over the term of the loan.

How Personal Loan Funds Are Disbursed

After loan approval, the lender typically deposits the loan proceeds directly into the borrower’s bank account. The process could be completed in anywhere from a day or two to a couple of weeks.

Repaying a Personal Loan

You repay a personal loan in monthly installments that go toward both principal and interest.

Typically, personal loans are amortized. This means the total amount you owe is divided into equal monthly payments over the term of the loan. Even though the total monthly payment remains the same with fixed-rate loans, the amounts being directed to principal and interest will change each month. An amortization schedule can show you exactly how much of your payment is going towards paying down the principal and how much is being paid in interest.

Personal loans with longer terms may offer lower monthly payments, but can cost more in interest over the life of the loan. A shorter-term personal loan can have higher monthly payments, but cost less overall in interest.

How Personal Loan Interest Rates Work

The interest rate on a personal loan is determined by the lender and is based on a number of factors, including the applicant’s financial history, income, debt, and credit score. Generally speaking, the better an applicant’s credit score, the better the chance they have to receive a lower interest rate on the loan. The higher the interest rate, the more money the loan will cost over its term.

You’ll also want to keep an eye on the APR, or annual percentage rate, vs. simply the interest rate. This figure includes fees (like origination fees) and other factors. It gives you a truer picture of the cost of the loan.

Reasons To Take Out Personal Loans

Top Common Personal Loan Uses

Personal loans can be used for just about anything. That said, there are some common reasons people take out different types of personal loans, including:

•   Debt management and consolidation

•   Home improvement expenses

•   Wedding costs

•   Unexpected medical expenses

•   Moving expenses

•   Funeral expenses

•   Family planning expenses

•   Car repairs

•   Vacation

What not to use personal loans for

The Personal Loan Application Process: Step by Step

While it’s not as simple as walking into a bank, asking for a loan, and walking out with a check, the application process for personal loans is relatively easy.

Before you apply for a personal loan, you’ll want to consider how much money you want to borrow, how much you can afford to pay each month, how long you want to make payments, and whether or not you want to put up collateral (though less common, some lenders offer secured personal loans). There may be other considerations for specific financial circumstances, which can vary from person to person.

Checking Your Own Credit

Because lenders will be looking closely at your creditworthiness, it’s a good idea to give your financial health a check-up before you begin the application process. You can get a free copy of your credit reports from the three main consumer credit bureaus — Equifax®, Experian®, and TransUnion® — at AnnualCreditReport.com.

Once you get your reports, it’s a good idea to review them carefully and report for any errors. Correcting anything that isn’t accurate means your credit report will look as good as possible to lenders.

Comparing Loans

Just like shopping around for the best prices before making a large purchase, comparing lenders’ rates and terms is a smart move before the application process actually begins.

Here are some things to look for when researching lenders:

•   How much do they lend on personal loans? If the amount you need to borrow doesn’t fall within the range offered by the lender, you may need to look elsewhere.

•   Do they charge any fees or penalties? Some lenders charge an origination fee equal to a percentage of the loan amount to process your application. Some personal loans also have a prepayment penalty if you pay off your loan ahead of schedule.

•   How are fees and penalties charged? Some lenders may roll any fees into the loan amount, which increases the total amount you’ll owe. Other lenders may deduct the fee amounts from the loan proceeds, so the amount you receive will be lower than the actual amount of the loan.

•   Can I get prequalified so I’ll know what interest rate they might offer me? Prequalification involves the lender doing a soft pull on your credit report, which will not affect your credit score. This step will give the lender a sneak peek at your financial history so they can give you an estimated interest rate. Going through this process with multiple lenders is one way to compare rates and terms you may qualify for. Keep in might, the rate quoted is an estimate and may not be what you actually are offered if you move ahead with the process.

•   What if I can’t make my loan payments due to financial hardship? Missed or late payments could result in late fees, negative impacts on your credit score, or lead to your account being sent to collections. Some lenders may offer protections for borrowers who have lost their job or are having difficulty making their payments for other reasons.

Applying for a Loan

When you’ve selected a lender, it’s time to submit the actual application. For an unsecured personal loan, lenders typically require:

•   A photo ID

•   Proof of address

•   Proof of income or employment

Each lender has different requirements, though, so it’s important to carefully read and follow the lender’s application instructions. At this stage, the lender will usually do a hard credit check, which can have a small and temporary negative affect on your credit score.

Waiting for Approval

Once you’ve submitted the application and all required documents, it’s time to play the waiting game. Rest easy, though, because some personal loan approvals happen quickly — sometimes in just a day. More complicated applications could take a week or more.

Personal loans usually range anywhere from $1,000 to $100,000, depending on the lender. Once you apply and are approved for the loan, you’ll receive the amount of money you were approved for in a lump sum, minus any origination fees that some lenders may charge. You then start paying back that money in installments which are set by the specific terms of your loan.

Types of Personal Loans

There are a variety of different types of personal loans. Factors like how much money you plan to borrow, your credit and financial history, and how much debt you already have will influence which type of personal loan is right for you. Here’s a look at some common personal loan options.

Unsecured vs Secured Personal Loans

An unsecured personal loan is the most common type of personal loan. Unsecured means the loan is not backed by collateral, like a house or car. The approval and interest rate you receive on an unsecured personal loan is mostly based on your creditworthiness.

Secured personal loans require an asset to be pledged to “secure” the loan. Think of a house when it comes to a mortgage loan, or a car when it comes to a car loan. If you fail to repay your loan, the lender can then seize the collateral.

Some banks offer secured personal loans that allow you to borrow against the equity of your car, personal savings, or other assets. Since secured loans are backed by an asset that the lender can seize if you default on the loan, they generally have a lower interest rate than an unsecured personal loan.

Here’s a look at some pros and cons of unsecured and secured personal loans:

Unsecured Personal Loans

Secured Personal Loans

Advantages •   Funds may be disbursed the same day or within a week

•   Interest rates are typically lower compared to credit cards

•   No collateral required

•   Interest rates are typically lower compared to unsecured personal loans

•   Can be a good way to improve credit if payments are regular and on time

•   Tend to have a longer repayment period

Disadvantages •   May need to meet minimum credit score requirements for approval

•   Interest rates may be higher compared to secured personal loans

•   Credit score may be negatively affected if borrower defaults

•   Collateral is required

•   Lender can seize the collateral if borrower defaults

•   Application and approval process may involves more steps

Fixed-Rate vs Variable-Rate Personal Loans

Most personal loans are typically fixed-rate loans, meaning your rate and monthly payment stay the same (or are fixed) for the life of the loan. Fixed-rate loans can make sense if you’re looking for something with consistent payments each month. A fixed-rate loan is also worth considering if you are concerned about rising interest rates on longer-term personal loans.

As the name suggests, the interest rate on a variable-rate loan can fluctuate over the life of the loan. Interest rates on this type of loan are tied to benchmark rates or indexes. Based on how the benchmark rate or index changes, the interest rate on a variable-rate loan will also change, directly affecting your monthly payment.

Generally, variable-rate loans carry lower annual percentage rates (APRs) and some have limits on how much the interest rate can rise or lower over a specific period or even over the life of the loan. A variable-rate loan could be a good choice if you are taking out a small amount of money with a short repayment term. The reason: There won’t be too many opportunities for the loan’s rate to climb.

Here are some pros and cons of variable-rate personal loans and fixed-rate personal loans. Choosing between variable vs. fixed rates will come down to personal preference and what you are approved for.

Variable-Rate Personal Loans

Fixed-Rate Personal Loans

Advantages •   Loans often start out with a lower interest rate compared to fixed-rate loans

•   If benchmark rate goes down, interest rate on the loan also goes down

•   Flexible

•   Monthly payments are consistent

•   Can avoid rising interest rates

•   Easy to understand

Disadvantages •   If benchmark rises, the cost of the loan also rises

•   Borrowers have a greater risk of defaulting on loan if the interest rate increases significantly

•   As interest rates change, so will the monthly payment

•   Won’t be able to take advantage of changes in interest rates

•   Interest rates tend to be higher compared to variable-rate loans

•   May pay more over time if you took out your loan when interest rates were high

Small vs Large Personal Loans

Just as personal loans are taken out for a variety of reasons, the dollar amount borrowed can vary, too.

A small personal loan, which is generally for $3,000 or less, typically has a lower APR than other types of short-term debt, such as payday loans. Many banks and other financial institutions have limits on the minimum amount they’ll lend. Some credit unions may offer alternatives to payday loans in an effort to help their members save money and avoid being stuck in a cycle of debt.

A large personal loan might be used to pay for major expenses such as home repair or remodeling, medical expenses, or an expensive life event, such as a wedding. Some lenders offer personal loans up to $100,000 or more.

It’s important to keep in mind your ability to repay the loan when deciding how much to borrow. Here’s how small and large loans compare:

Small Personal Loan

Large Personal Loans

Advantages •   Can use the money for a wide variety of purposes

•   Interest rates are typically lower compared to credit cards

•   Usually has better terms than payday loans

•   Can use the money for a wide variety of purposes

•   Greater ability to combine multiple credit card balances into one balance

•   Can be a good way to improve credit if payments are regular and on time

Disadvantages •   Can often get a better interest rate with a larger loan

•   No grace period

•   Lenders may limit how much you can borrow

•   The larger the loan, the more debt you’re taking on

•   Increases your debt-to-income ratio

•   Lenders may limit how much you can borrow

What Personal Loan Lenders Look at in Your Application

When you apply for a loan, the lender typically considers your credit score, debt-to-income (DTI) ratio, and other factors.

Credit Score

A person’s credit score shows lenders what the theoretical likelihood of that person paying back a loan would be. Generally, the lower a person’s credit score, the more of a risk they are assumed to be. Conversely, the higher a person’s credit score, the lower a risk they are assumed to be — and the more likely they are to be approved for lower interest rates and higher loan amounts.

If your credit score isn’t ideal, you might still qualify for a personal loan for bad credit, though you may face higher interest rates and stricter repayment terms. Some lenders specialize in offering options for borrowers with lower credit scores, providing a pathway to access the funds you need.

Debt-to-Income Ratio

Your DTI is a percentage that tells lenders how much money you spend on monthly debt payments versus how much money you have coming into your household. You can calculate your DTI by adding up your monthly minimum debt payments and dividing it by your monthly pretax income.

Lenders generally want to see a DTI of 35% to 40% or less but may make exceptions if you have good credit.

Income and Employment History

Having a steady work history and a rising salary can help you appear less risky to a lender than someone who has been in and out of the job market and has seen ups and downs in their earnings.

Credit History

Lenders will review your credit report for anything that might stand out as a risk for them. If there are a high number of inquiries and/or late payments on your credit report or if there were multiple debt accounts opened in a short time period, that might indicate high risk to a lender. Borrowers who are considered high-risk may find it more difficult to get a loan and could pay higher interest rates.

Is a Personal Loan Right for You?

Not sure whether a personal loan makes sense for your situation? Here are some questions to ask yourself:

•   Do I need the money quickly? If you do, then a personal loan might be a smart move.

•   Can I afford the monthly payments? Before you take on any debt, it’s important to set a realistic plan on how you’ll repay what you owe.

•   Do I already have a high amount of debt? Taking out a personal loan when you have significant debt can put a serious dent in your budget and savings goals. It can also increase your DTI, which lenders look at when reviewing your loan application.

•   Do I have a bad credit score? If your credit score isn’t so great — FICO® defines bad as 579 or below — then you may want to wait on taking out a loan and instead work on your credit.

•   Does a personal loan offer the lowest interest cost of all the options available? It’s a good idea to shop around for the rate and terms that best fit your needs before you apply with a lender.

Recommended: Personal Loan Calculator

Alternatives to Personal Loans

There may be times when you need help covering a big expense, but taking out a personal loan isn’t the best choice. Fortunately, there are alternative funding options. Here are a few you may want to explore:

Credit Cards

Like personal loans, credit cards offer a line of credit that can be used for a wide range of purposes. You may want to consider using a credit card if you have a smaller expense that you can pay off quickly. Just be cautious as interest rates can be significant, especially if you don’t pay it off soon.

Home Equity Line of Credit

If you own your home and have at least 20% equity, you may be able to get a home equity line of credit (HELOC). This option could be a smart move if you need to borrow a large amount of money or plan on having ongoing expenses, like those with a remodeling project.

401(k) Loan

If you have a financial emergency or want to pay off high-interest debt — and no other option is available — then you may want to consider borrowing from your 401(k). Keep in mind that you may face taxes and penalties when you withdraw the money, so be sure you understand how your plan works, what is allowed, and how soon you’d have to pay back the loan and with how much interest.


💡 Quick Tip: While HELOCs may require an appraisal before you get approved, a SoFi home improvement loan does not. That means you can get approved and funded the same day.*

The Takeaway

Personal loans can offer flexibility when you’re looking for funds for a variety of uses, and they typically have lower interest rates than credit cards. Depending on your financial needs and financial circumstances, there may be a personal loan that fits. Comparing multiple lenders is a good way to make sure you’re getting a personal loan that works for you.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.


SoFi’s Personal Loan was named a NerdWallet 2026 winner for Best Personal Loan for Large Loan Amounts.

FAQ

How do personal loan payments work?

When you take out a personal loan, you agree to repay the borrowed amount plus interest over a set period, usually through equal monthly payments. Each payment consists of a portion that goes towards reducing the principal balance and another portion that covers the interest charges. The loan agreement will specify the amount of each payment, the duration of the loan, and the interest rate.

What are the risks of a personal loan?

Personal loans come with certain risks that borrowers should be aware of. One risk is defaulting on the loan, which can lead to late fees, damage to your credit score, and even legal action from the lender. Another risk is needing to take on additional debt if you borrow more than you can afford to repay. In addition, personal loans may have higher interest rates compared to secured loans like mortgages or auto loans. It’s important to carefully consider your financial situation and ability to repay before taking on a personal loan.

Is a personal loan bad for your credit score?

A personal loan itself is not inherently bad for your credit score. In fact, when managed responsibly, a personal loan can have a positive impact on your credit. Making timely payments and paying off the loan as agreed can demonstrate your ability to handle debt responsibly, which can build your credit profile. However, if you miss payments or default on the loan, it can have a negative impact on your credit. It’s important to borrow within your means, make payments on time, and consider the impact on your credit score before taking on a personal loan.

Does personal loan money go to your bank account?

Yes, when you are approved for a personal loan, the funds are typically deposited directly into your bank account. This allows you to have speedy access to the loan amount. The specific timeline for receiving the money may vary depending on the lender and the loan application process.

Do you get money right away from a personal loan?

The timing of receiving money from a personal loan can vary depending on the lender and their processes. Typically, you receive the money within five to seven business days of approval, and some lenders even offer same-day funding. Others can take a couple of weeks. Check with the lenders you are considering.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

²SoFi Bank, N.A. NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC), offers loans directly or we may assist you in obtaining a loan from SpringEQ, a state licensed lender, NMLS #1464945.
All loan terms, fees, and rates may vary based upon your individual financial and personal circumstances and state.
You should consider and discuss with your loan officer whether a Cash Out Refinance, Home Equity Loan or a Home Equity Line of Credit is appropriate. Please note that the SoFi member discount does not apply to Home Equity Loans or Lines of Credit not originated by SoFi Bank. Terms and conditions will apply. Before you apply, please note that not all products are offered in all states, and all loans are subject to eligibility restrictions and limitations, including requirements related to loan applicant’s credit, income, property, and a minimum loan amount. Lowest rates are reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. Products, rates, benefits, terms, and conditions are subject to change without notice. Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria. Information current as of 06/27/24.
In the event SoFi serves as broker to Spring EQ for your loan, SoFi will be paid a fee.


Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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Personal Loans After Bankruptcy

It can be challenging to qualify for a personal loan after a bankruptcy, A bankruptcy will remain on your credit reports for up to seven to 10 years, but with effort, your credit scores can be built during that time and beyond.

If you are approved for a personal loan, you likely will pay fees or a higher interest rate than you might have without having a bankruptcy on your credit report.

Read on to learn how bankruptcy works, the pros and cons of filing for Chapter 7 vs Chapter 13 bankruptcy, and how to get approved for a loan with a bankruptcy in your credit history.

Key Points

•   Bankruptcy remains on your credit report for up to seven to 10 years, but you can rebuild your credit during this time to improve your chances of getting approved for a personal loan.

•   While it is possible to get a loan after bankruptcy, you may face higher interest rates and less favorable terms due to the bankruptcy on your credit report.

•   Chapter 7 bankruptcy involves liquidation of assets to pay off creditors, while Chapter 13 bankruptcy allows for a repayment plan over three to five years to retain assets.

•   Personal loans can typically be discharged in both Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcy, with secured loans potentially leading to the loss of collateral.

•   Improving your credit score, reducing your debt-to-income ratio, and maintaining a history of on-time payments can help increase your chances of loan approval after bankruptcy.

How Does Bankruptcy Work?

When a person can’t make payments on their outstanding debts, despite trying to do so, bankruptcy may be an option to have a fresh financial start.

Bankruptcy can be either a liquidation of the debtor’s assets to satisfy creditors or the creation of a repayment schedule that will satisfy creditors and allow the debtor to keep their property instead of liquidating it.


💡 Quick Tip: A low-interest personal loan can consolidate your debts, lower your monthly payments, and help you get out of debt sooner.

Filing for Bankruptcy

Bankruptcy petitions are filed with the bankruptcy court in the debtor’s judicial district. The process is mostly administrative, with minimal time spent in front of a judge — often no time at all unless there is an objection by a creditor. A court-appointed trustee oversees the case.

The debtor must attend a “341 meeting” (named for section 341 of the Bankruptcy Code), at which creditors can present questions and concerns. For Chapters 7 and 13 bankruptcies, which are being discussed here, the remainder of the process differs slightly.

Common Reasons to File for Bankruptcy

Among the reasons people may file for bankruptcy are the following:

•   Medical debt

•   Job loss

•   Credit card debt

•   Divorce or separation

•   Unexpected events (natural disasters, pandemics, etc.)

Can I Get a Loan With a Discharged Bankruptcy?

It’s not impossible to get a loan after bankruptcy, but interest rates may be high and loan terms less favorable than for someone who hasn’t been through a bankruptcy. The negative effect a bankruptcy has on a person’s credit lessens over time, but lenders may not be willing to offer their best rates to someone they perceive as not having been financially responsible in the past.

Factors That Impact Loan Approval After Bankruptcy

There are a few forces that impact getting approved for a loan after bankruptcy:

•   Credit score and history. A bankruptcy can lower your credit score by 100 or 200 points, which can make it challenging to build credit to the level needed to qualify for a personal loan or a loan with a favorable rate.

•   Timing. As noted, a bankruptcy can stay on your credit report for seven to 10 years. There can be a waiting period of one to two years or longer before you can qualify for a loan.

•   Lender requirements. Different lenders have different guidelines. There are some who specialize in lending to those with poor credit.

•   Type of bankruptcy. Some lenders may look more favorably upon those who have a Chapter 13 bankruptcy, which involves repayment of debt, vs. Chapter 7. (Learn more below.)

Two Main Types of Bankruptcy Filings

There are two main types of bankruptcy available to individuals, Chapter 7 and Chapter 13. With both, typically a bankruptcy trustee reviews the bankruptcy petition, looks for any red flags, and tries to maximize the amount of money unsecured creditors will get.

Chapter 7 is the most common type of bankruptcy for individuals, followed by Chapter 13.

Chapter 7 Bankruptcy

This is often called liquidation bankruptcy because the trustee assigned to the case sells, or liquidates, nonexempt assets in order to repay creditors.

Many petitioners, though, can keep everything they own in what is known as a “no-asset case.” Most states allow clothing, furnishings, a car, money in qualified retirement accounts, and some equity in your home if you’re a homeowner to be exempt from liquidation. (Each state has a set of exemption laws, but federal exemptions exist as well, and you might be able to choose between them, a subject a bankruptcy attorney should be able to provide insight on.)

After the bankruptcy process is complete, typically within three to six months, most unsecured debt is wiped away. The filer receives a discharge of debt that releases them from personal liability for certain dischargeable debts.

Are Personal Loans Covered Under Chapter 7?

In most cases, personal loans may be discharged in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy proceeding. A secured personal loan for which collateral has been pledged is included in discharged debts, but the asset put up as collateral will likely be sold to satisfy the debt.

Recommended: Secured vs. Unsecured Personal Loans — What’s the Difference?

The Pros and Cons of Chapter 7 Bankruptcy

A Chapter 7 bankruptcy can create a fresh start for someone struggling to repay their debts, but it’s not a magic wand. Here are some pros and cons:

Pros of Chapter 7 Bankruptcy

Cons of Chapter 7 Bankruptcy

Debtors are free of personal liability for discharged debts. Some types of debt, such as student loan or tax debt, cannot be discharged.
Certain assets may be exempt from bankruptcy, giving the debtor some property to sustain themselves. A trustee takes control of the debtor’s assets.
If all of a debtor’s assets are deemed exempt, the bankruptcy is termed a no-asset bankruptcy. Creditors will not receive any funds from the bankruptcy because there won’t be any assets to liquidate.

Chapter 13 Bankruptcy

This form, aka reorganization bankruptcy or a wage earner’s plan, allows petitioners whose debt falls under certain thresholds to keep their assets if they agree to a three- to five-year repayment plan.

There are three types of claims in a Chapter 13 bankruptcy: priority, secured, and unsecured. The plan must include full repayment of priority debts. A trustee collects the money and pays the unsecured debts, with the individual debtor having no direct contact with the creditors. Secured debts can be handled directly by the debtor.

Once the terms of the plan are met, most of the remaining qualifying debt is erased.

The U.S. Bankruptcy Code specifies that if the debtor’s monthly income is less than the state median, the plan will be for three years unless the court approves a longer period. If the debtor’s monthly income is greater than the state median, the plan generally must be for five years.

Certain debts can’t be discharged through a court order, even in bankruptcy. They include most student loans, most taxes, child support, alimony, and court fines. You also can’t discharge debts that come up after the date you filed for bankruptcy.

Are Personal Loans Covered Under Chapter 13?

Personal loans can be discharged in Chapter 13 bankruptcy, but whether a creditor is likely to be repaid in full depends on if the personal loan is secured or unsecured. Priority claims are paid before any others, followed by secured, then unsecured claims.

The Pros and Cons of Chapter 13 Bankruptcy

Debtors who have assets they’d rather not have liquidated might opt for Chapter 13 bankruptcy vs. Chapter 7, which involves liquidation of most assets. But like any type of bankruptcy, there are pros and cons.

Pros of Chapter 13 Bankruptcy

Cons of Chapter 13 Bankruptcy

Debtors may be able to save their assets, such as their home, from foreclosure. If the repayment plan is not followed, the bankruptcy could be converted to a liquidation under Chapter 7.
Debtors may opt to make payments directly to creditors instead of through the trustee. Living on a fixed budget for the duration of the repayment plan will take some adjustment.
Debtors have more options to repay their debts than they might under Chapter 7. Chapter 13 bankruptcy is more complex than Chapter 7, and may lead to higher legal costs.
Debtors can extend repayment of secured, non-mortgage debts over the life of the plan, likely lowering their payments. Taking more time to repay the secured installment debt may lead to more interest before it’s paid in full.

Recommended: What Is an Installment Loan?

Will Bankruptcy Ruin My Credit?

A bankruptcy will be considered a negative entry on your credit report, but the severity depends on a person’s entire credit profile.

Someone with a high credit score before bankruptcy could expect a significant drop in their credit score, but someone with negative items already on their credit reports might see only a modest drop.

The good news is that the negative effect of the bankruptcy will lessen over time.

How Long Bankruptcy Stays on Your Credit Report

Lenders who check credit reports will learn about bankruptcy filing for years afterward. Specifically:

• For Chapter 7, up to 10 years after the filing.

• For Chapter 13, up to seven years.

Still, filing for bankruptcy doesn’t mean you can’t ever get approved for a loan. Your credit profile can be positively impacted if you stay up to date on your repayment plan or your debts are discharged — among other steps that can be taken.

You may even be able to begin building your credit during bankruptcy by making the required payments on any outstanding debts, whether or not you have a repayment plan. Of course, everyone’s circumstances and goals are different so, again, always consult a professional with questions.

Some lenders may specialize in offering loans to people who have a bankruptcy on their record (though rates and terms may be less favorable). That said, some lenders may deny credit to any applicant with a bankruptcy on a credit report.

Recommended: What Is Considered a Bad Credit Score?

How Long After Bankruptcy Discharge Can I Get a Loan?

As long as you can find a lender willing to approve you for a loan, there is no specific amount of time needed to wait until applying for one. Often, waiting one or two years will be enough. However, your credit report will reflect a discharge for seven to 10 years, and lenders may not offer favorable terms or interest rates.

Should I Apply for a Loan After Bankruptcy?

Making sure you are in a stable financial situation after bankruptcy is a good idea before thinking about applying for a loan at that time. Having a repayment plan that you can stick to before taking on more debt is imperative. That being said, taking out a loan and repaying it on time and in full can be a good way to help rebuild your credit.

Some pointers:

• Before applying for an unsecured personal loan, meaning a loan is not secured by collateral, it’s a good idea to get copies of your credit reports from the three major credit reporting agencies: Equifax®, Experian®, and TransUnion®. Make sure that your reports represent your current financial situation and check for any errors.

• If you filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy and had your debts discharged, they should appear with a balance of $0. If you filed for Chapter 13, the credit report should accurately reflect payments that you’ve made as part of your repayment plan.

• Consider getting prequalified for a personal loan and comparing offers from several lenders. They will likely ask you to supply contact and personal information as well as details about your employment and income.

• If you see a loan offer that you like, you’ll complete an application and provide documentation about the information you provided. Most lenders will consider your credit history and debt-to-income ratio, among other personal financial factors.

• You may want to think carefully before considering “no credit check” loans: They typically have high fees or a high annual percentage rate (APR).



💡 Quick Tip: Fixed-interest-rate personal loans from SoFi make payments easy to track and give you a target payoff date to work toward.

If You’re Approved for a Personal Loan

Before you sign on the dotted line, it’s smart to take the following steps:

Read the Fine Print

If you’ve had a bankruptcy on your record, the terms of your offer may be less than favorable, so consider whether you feel like you’re getting a reasonable deal.

People with credit scores considered poor might see APRs on personal loans running into the triple-digits. Make sure you are clear on your interest rate and fees, and compare offers from different lenders to make the choice that works for you.

Avoid Taking Out More Than You Need

You’re paying interest on the money you borrow, so it’s generally better to only borrow funds that you actually need. Further, it’s probably wise to only take out as much as you can afford to repay on time, because paying on time is an important key to rebuilding your credit. Having a focused plan for what you’ll spend the personal loan funds on may give you some incentive to manage it responsibly.

Awarded Best Online Personal Loan by NerdWallet.
Apply Online, Same Day Funding


If You’re Not Approved for a Personal Loan

If you are denied a personal loan, don’t despair. You may have options for moving forward:

Appealing to the Lender

You can try to explain the factors that led you to file for bankruptcy and how you have turned things around, whether that’s a record of on-time payments or improved savings. The lending institution may not change its mind, but there’s always a possibility the lender can adjust its decision case by case.

You likely have the best chance at an institution that you’ve worked with for years or one that is less bound to one-size-fits-all formulas — a local credit union, community bank, online lender, or peer-to-peer lender.

Looking Into Applying With a Co-signer

A co-signer who has a strong credit and income history may be able to help you qualify for a loan. But both parties should keep in mind that the co-signer is typically responsible for paying back the loan if the primary borrower can’t do so.

Building Your Credit

You may need to take some time to try to build your credit profile before reapplying for an unsecured personal loan. You still have a chance to work toward reducing your other debt. There are many types of personal loans available, and a little waiting time to consider what’s right for you isn’t a bad thing.

There are several important habits to adopt when building your credit, but the most important one is your payment history, meaning whether you pay bills on time. This contributes 35% to your credit score, so it’s wise to be diligent about it as you move past bankruptcy. Setting up autopay can be a good move as it ensures you won’t accidentally pay a bill late or miss it.

Alternatives to Personal Loans After Bankruptcy

If you don’t qualify for a personal loan after bankruptcy or feel that’s not the best option, here are other ways to access credit and/or build your credit score:

• Secured credit cards, which involve putting down a deposit that usually serves as your credit limit.

• Secured loans, in which collateral (such as a savings account or a vehicle) is needed and can lessen the lender’s risk.

• A loan from a trusted friend or family member.

The Takeaway

Getting approved for an unsecured personal loan after bankruptcy isn’t impossible, but it may take some time to qualify and your rates and fees will likely be less favorable. It’s a good idea to compare offers from several lenders and gauge whether it’s the right time to borrow.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.


SoFi’s Personal Loan was named a NerdWallet 2026 winner for Best Personal Loan for Large Loan Amounts.

FAQ

Can I get a loan with a discharged bankruptcy?

Yes, it is possible to get a loan after bankruptcy, but it may take time and the rates and terms may be less than favorable.

Are personal loans covered under Chapter 7?

Yes, personal loans can be discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy.

Are personal loans covered under Chapter 13?

As with Chapter 7, personal loans can be discharged under Chapter 13 bankruptcy, typically after the court-approved repayment period of three to five years. Secured personal loans will take priority over unsecured personal loans, however.

How long after bankruptcy discharge can I get a loan?

There is no set time a person must wait in order to apply for a loan after bankruptcy discharge. Each lender will have its own conditions for approval. However, a typical period might involve waiting one to two years.

What are the best ways to rebuild credit after bankruptcy?

To build credit after bankruptcy, it’s wise to be especially diligent about paying bills on time, every time, since that’s the single biggest contributing factor to your score. You also want to be cautious about your credit utilization rate when you are able to access credit again, and not apply for too many forms of credit at one time.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Helping Your Child with Homesickness in College

In the fall of 2024, more than 19 million students attended American colleges and universities.

As exciting as this phase of life can be, experiencing some level of homesickness during the home-to-college transition is common. As a parent, you may feel a sense of responsibility when it comes to helping your now-adult child get over their homesickness. And there could be a reason for concern, since studies have shown that emotional or mental distress in college students can impact academic performance.

Fortunately, there are a number of ways parents can help their child adjust to being away from home (perhaps for the first time) and get the most out of their college experience. Read on to learn some simple ways you can help your child feel less homesick at college.

Key Points

•   Many college students, especially first-years, experience homesickness as they adjust to a new environment.

•   Regular communication, sending care packages, and listening without judgment can help your child feel emotionally supported, even from afar.

•   Joining clubs, making new friends, and participating in campus activities can help students build connections and feel more at home in their new surroundings.

•   Encouraging your child to develop healthy routines — including sleep, exercise, and nutrition — can support emotional balance and reduce stress related to homesickness.

•   Paying for college can be stressful for both parents and students. Having a plan in place can help ease your student’s mind.

Strategies to Help Your Child Cope with Homesickness

Watching your child experience homesickness from afar can be challenging. It may be tempting to rush to the rescue, but it is also important that your child find their footing on campus. These tips and ideas may be helpful as you support your child as they navigate homesickness and life on-campus.

Acknowledging the Situation

It can be comforting to know that you’re not the only one struggling with a given situation. As a parent, it might be helpful to share with your child how common homesickness is among first-year students. Providing comfort and reassurance that they are not alone and that in time, their feelings of homesickness will pass, can go a long way.

Keeping In Touch

As you and your child adjust to your new dynamic, you may need to find new ways to keep in touch. Keep in mind that while your child is adjusting to on-campus life, you don’t want to be overbearing. Try setting up a weekly video chat or sending over fun updates from home in a text message. Remember to give your child the space they need to find their footing at school.

Recommended: College Planning Guide for Parents

Sending a Care Package

When packing for college, adding a few items that bring the comfort of home could be helpful if your child starts feeling tinges of homesickness. Things like a favorite book, a blanket, or a stuffed animal could be just the thing when homesickness creeps in.

Sending over a care package with some of their favorite cookies, candies, or snacks and a photo of a fun memory can provide a touch of home, too.

Encouraging Your Child to Get Help if They Need It

If your homesick college student seems like they may benefit from professional help, you might encourage them to visit their campus counseling center. Many colleges also offer mental health services and counseling on campus, often at little to no cost.

If there are fees involved, they may be covered (at least partially) by health insurance. If your child is no longer on a family medical plan, it’s likely you’ve enrolled them in a college health insurance plan, which is often rolled into costs of tuition, room, and board.


💡 Quick Tip: You can fund your education with a low-rate, no-fee private student loan that covers all school-certified costs.

Helping Your Child Find a New Familiar

It’s probably not the best idea for parents to visit their child every weekend — though it may be hard to control yourself if your child’s university is easily accessible. As lovely as it is that you’re a familiar face, it might be more helpful for your child to find a new familiar.

Instead, you might encourage your child to find ways to make their not-yet-so-familiar home feel more known. If your college student loves coffee, they might want to find a local shop they can visit frequently — turning it into their own personal hang-out spot.

If they’re into museums, discovering the best ones nearby could help them feel more grounded in their new environment.

Getting Involved on Campus

When someone is feeling down, it can be tempting to stay indoors and wallow in those feelings. Getting involved on campus can help students build community and connect with their peers. Colleges often have many clubs and extracurriculars that can help students find like-minded individuals.

If committing to a club feels like too much, your child might connect with peers in a more casual way, from making friends in class or meeting new people during a dorm hall function.

Developing Healthy Routines

Physical health and mental health go hand in hand, so if your homesick college student is making less-than-healthy choices during this tough transition period, you might encourage them to make some changes in their routine.

This might look like starting their day with a walk to the campus coffee shop or finding a weekly exercise class. Creating a schedule and finding new, healthy routines can give your student something to look forward to.

Recommended: What Percentage of Parents Pay for College?

Developing a Plan to Pay for College

In addition to homesickness, paying for college can be an added layer of stress for both parents and students. If your child is worried about money or constantly working at a job to help cover costs (rather than acclimating to college), you might want to look into additional sources of funding, such as scholarships and grants and/or student loans.

It’s important to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) every year, since this is required for a student or parent to qualify for federal funding.

For some students, federal student loans and other sources of aid may be enough to fund their college education. If it’s not, parents also have the option of taking out loans, such as the Direct PLUS Loan or a private student loan.

When comparing federal vs. private student loans, keep in mind that private student loans aren’t required to offer the same borrower protections, like deferment options or income-driven repayment plans, as federal student loans. For this reason, you generally want to look at private student loans only after you’ve exhausted federal loan and aid options.


💡 Quick Tip: Parents and sponsors with strong credit and income may find much lower rates on no-fee private parent student loans than federal parent PLUS loans. Federal PLUS loans also come with an origination fee.

The Takeaway

The transition to college life can be stressful for both students and their parents. Being in an unfamiliar environment, while trying to balance classes and making new friends can lead to feelings of apprehension, anxiety, and homesickness. As a parent, providing support from a distance can include things like sending a care package, checking in with a video call once a week, and encouraging your child to get involved in extracurricular activities.

Hopefully, in time, your child will settle into their life on campus — finding a new normal. If money worries are adding to your child’s (or your own) college stress, it can also be a good idea to explore funding options you or they might qualify for. Once the financial side of college is taken care of, your child will be free to focus solely on assimilating into campus life and fully embracing this exciting time in their life.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.


Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

How common is homesickness during college?

Homesickness is incredibly common in college students, with 94% experiencing it in the first 10 weeks. Homesickness is an emotional response to being in a new environment and can affect a student’s academic performance and overall well-being.

How can parents support their homesick college student from afar?

Parents can support their child by acknowledging that homesickness is normal, maintaining regular but nonintrusive communication, sending care packages with familiar items, and encouraging their child to seek campus resources if needed.

What strategies can help students adjust to college life and alleviate homesickness?

Encouraging students to get involved in campus activities, establish healthy routines, and find local spots that bring comfort can help them build a sense of belonging and reduce feelings of homesickness.


SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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