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How Much Money Should I Have Saved by 40?

By the time you reach 40, your retirement savings should ideally be on track to support a comfortable lifestyle once you stop working. But how do you know if you’re saving enough? Exactly how much should you have for retirement by age 40?

The answer depends on various factors, including your income, current expenses, and long-term financial goals. Below, we’ll walk you through key retirement savings benchmarks, simple ways to calculate your retirement savings target, and how to play catch-up if you’re behind.

Key Points

•   Aim to have three times your annual income saved for retirement by age 40.

•   Prioritize paying off high-interest debt over saving for retirement in your 40s.

•   Maximize contributions to 401(k) and IRA accounts to boost savings.

•   Consider Roth accounts for tax-free withdrawals in retirement.

•   Protect your retirement savings by building an emergency fund with at least six months’ worth of living expenses.

Understanding Your Retirement Savings at 40

Whether you have a full-time job or you’re self-employed, a smart way to save for retirement is in a retirement savings account, such as 401(k) or an individual retirement account (IRA). Unlike regular investment accounts, these accounts give you a tax break on your savings, either upfront or down the line when you withdraw the funds.

In the meantime, your money grows without being taxed.

A general rule of thumb is to save at least 15% to 20% of your income into your retirement fund. However, you may need to adjust this percentage based on your income and current monthly expenses.

💡 Quick Tip: Want to save more, spend smarter? Let your bank manage the basics. It’s surprisingly easy, and secure, when you open an online bank account.

Retirement Savings Benchmarks for 40-Year-Olds

Financial experts provide benchmarks to help gauge whether you’re on track with retirement saving. A common guideline suggests having two to three times your annual salary saved in a 401(l) or IRA by 40. For example, if you earn $80,000 per year, you should aim for $160,000 to $240,000 in retirement savings.

If you haven’t reached this benchmark, however, don’t get discouraged. There are ways to boost retirement savings in your 40s, plus ways to play catch-up later (more on that below).

Analyzing Personal Financial Circumstances

As you enter your 40s, it’s likely that your income is increasing. However, your expenses and financial obligations may also be on the rise. You may be managing mortgage payments, still paying off student loans, and also trying to save for a child’s future college education. Here’s a look at how to balance it all.

Income and Earning Potential

Your income level directly affects how much you can save for retirement. If your income is modest and your expenses are high, it may be difficult to put 10%, let alone 15%, of each paycheck into retirement. The key is to save a consistent percentage of each paycheck, even if it’s small. As your income grows, so will your contributions. As you earn more, you can also gradually bump up the percent you put into retirement savings.

Current Debt and Financial Obligations

In your 40s, you may have debts, which can hinder your ability to save for retirement. Which is wiser — saving for retirement or paying off your debts?

A general rule of thumb is to prioritize paying off high-interest debts, like credit cards, over saving for retirement. This is because your investment returns likely won’t exceed the interest you’re paying on your balances. With other debts, like student loans and a mortgage, however, it’s generally a good idea to balance paying them off while consistently contributing to retirement savings.

Recommended: Money Management Guide

Calculating Your Retirement Savings Target

So how much 401(k) should you have at 40? There are two guidelines financial planners often use to help people determine how much they should have in retirement savings. Here’s a closer look at each.

Salary Multiplier Method

This approach recommends saving a multiple of your salary at different life stages. While this method doesn’t account for any unique lifestyle choices or financial needs, it provides a quick and easy way to assess your savings progress at various ages.

Retirement Savings By:

•  Age 30: 1x your annual income

•  Age 40: 3x your annual income

•  Age 50: 6x your annual income

•  Age 60: 8x your annual income

•  Age 67: 10x your annual income

Income Replacement Ratio Approach

This method focuses on saving enough to replace 75% of your pre-retirement income annually once you stop working. So if you think you’ll be making $100,000 in the last few years before retirement, you would plan on needing $75,000 a year to live on once you stop working.

There are a few reasons you’ll likely need less than your full income after retirement:

•   Your everyday expenses will likely be lower.

•   You’re no longer a portion of your earnings into retirement savings.

•   Your taxes may be lower.

How to Maximize Your Retirement Savings in Your 40s

Maximizing contributions to tax-advantaged accounts such as 401(k)s and IRAs can accelerate your retirement savings in your 40s.

Contribute to Retirement Accounts

If you have access to a 401(k) at work, you ideally want to contribute up to the max allowed by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). For tax year 2025, the most you can contribute to a 401(k) is $23,500 if you’re under age 50. For 2026, the maximum rises to $24,500.

If you don’t have access to an employer-sponsored retirement plan, you can open an IRA and set-up automatic transfers from your checking account into the IRA each month — ideally up to max allowed for an IRA. For tax year 2025, you can contribute up to $7,000 if you’re under age 50, and for tax year 2026, you can contribute up to $7,500 if you’re under age 50.

You can make 2025 IRA contributions until the unextended federal tax deadline.

Take Advantage of 401(k) Matching

Employer-sponsored 401(k) plans often come with matching contributions. If your employer offers this benefit, consider adjusting your contributions to get the full match, since this is essentially free money. Over time, compound returns (which are the returns you earn on your returns) on these extra contributions can lead to substantial growth.

Leverage Catch-Up Contributions

Once you reach age 50, you can make catch-up contributions to your 401(k), which could help you save even more for retirement.

For tax year 2025, the 401(k) catch-up contribution is an extra $7,500 on top of the regular $23,500 limit (for a total limit of $31,000), and for tax year 2026, the catch-up contribution is an extra $8,000 on top of the regular $24,500 limit (for a total limit of $32,500). In both 2025 and 2026, those aged 60 to 63 can contribute up to an additional $11,250 (in place of the $7,500 in 2025 and the $8,000 in 2026), if their plan allows it.

Under a new law regarding catch-up contributions that went into effect on January 1, 2026 (as part of SECURE 2.0), individuals aged 50 and older who earned more than $150,000 in FICA wages in 2025 are required to put their 401(k) catch-up contributions into a Roth 401(k) account. Because of the way Roth accounts work, these individuals will pay taxes on their catch-up contributions upfront, but can make eligible withdrawals tax-free in retirement.

The IRA catch-up contribution is $1,000 for 2025, for a total contribution limit of $8,000 for those age 50 or older. In 2026, the IRA catch-up contribution is $1,100 for a total contribution limit of $8,600 for those age 50 or older.

Expert Strategies to Increase Retirement Savings

There are a number of smart ways to maximize your savings and stay on track for retirement. Here are a few strategies experts advise.

Salary Negotiations and Their Long-Term Impact on Savings

If it’s been a while since you’ve received a raise, this may be a good time to ask for one. By age 40, you’ve probably developed skills that make you valuable to your employer. To increase your chances of success, it can be helpful to research industry standards, highlight your achievements, and demonstrate your value to the company.

Even small salary increases can have a compounding effect on long-term savings. If you need some incentive for negotiating for a higher salary, consider this: Increasing your retirement contributions by just $25 a month for the next 20 years can add an extra $13,023.17 to your retirement fund, assuming a growth rate of 7.00% and monthly compounding.

Building a Solid Financial Foundation With a Six-Month Emergency Fund

Having an emergency fund that contains at least six months’ worth of living expenses is also critical to your retirement plan.

Why? While retirement is still a long way off if you’re 40, an emergency could happen at any time. For instance, you may get hit with an unexpected medical bill or your heating system might break in the middle of winter and need to be replaced. If you don’t have the emergency funds to cover these things, you might be forced to dip into your retirement fund early (and pay penalties) or run up debt that could limit your ability to save for retirement.

You might open a high-yield savings account for your emergency fund to help it grow. Consider automating your savings to make sure you’re contributing to your emergency fund regularly. Once it’s fully funded, you can allocate the money you had been contributing to the emergency fund to your retirement savings.

Recommended: Emergency Fund Calculator

Why Prioritizing Roth Retirement Accounts Can Pay Off

A Roth IRA or Roth 401(k) is a retirement account that taxes your contributions up front, but your withdrawals in retirement are tax-free, including all your growth. This differs from a traditional IRA, which involves tax-deferred contributions, meaning you’ll pay taxes every time you withdraw money, including on your growth. A Roth IRA or 401 (k) can be especially beneficial if you anticipate being in a higher tax bracket later in life.

Even if you have a 401(k) at work, you can add a Roth IRA to boost your retirement earnings. However, there are contribution and income limits with Roth IRAs that you’ll need to keep in mind.

The Role of Expenses in Retirement Planning

Figuring out how much your retirement living expenses will be is important for calculating how money you’ll need to save. These are some of the things you may want to consider and budget for when figuring out how much to save for retirement.

Planning for Health Care Expenses in Retirement

As people grow older, their health care needs and costs typically increase. For many, health care can be one of the biggest retirement expenses. Fidelity estimates that the average person may need $165,000 to cover health care costs in retirement.

If you have a high-deductible health insurance plan, you might want to set up a health savings account (HSA). An HSA is a tax-advantaged account that can be used to pay for medical expenses. You can invest the money in an HSA, and if you leave it untouched, it will grow and earn interest. When you make withdrawals in retirement, you won’t pay any taxes if you spend the money on qualified health care expenses.

Long-term care insurance is another option to consider for covering health care costs later in life. Researching Medicare options and potential out-of-pocket expenses ahead of time can help you prepare for future medical needs.

Incorporating Home Costs Into Retirement Savings

Housing costs are another major retirement expense. You may have mortgage payments, homeowner’s insurance, and home maintenance and repairs to pay for. If you rent, you’ll have to cover your monthly rental fee plus renters’ insurance.

If you’re planning on a move after you retire, where you choose to live can have a major impact on how much you pay for housing. In general, living on the coasts can be more expensive. You may want to take the cost of living into consideration when you’re thinking about where you want to live in retirement.

Family and Retirement: Balancing the Present and Future

Along with planning for retirement, you may be saving for important family milestones, such as college and a child’s wedding. Fortunately, with proper budgeting and planning, it is possible to help cover these expenses and save for retirement at the same time.

Budgeting for College Savings While Prioritizing Retirement

To help your children with the cost of college, consider opening a 529 plan. You fund this account with after-tax dollars, but your money grows tax-free and withdrawals for qualified education expenses are also tax-free.

Just keep in mind: Financial experts generally recommend that people in their 40s prioritize retirement savings over college savings. The reason? Financial aid can help fill a college funding gap, but there’s no financial aid for retirement, so you’ll want to ensure your retirement contributions remain consistent.

You might funnel extra funds toward college saving. You can also let family members know they can contribute to a child’s 529. For instance, instead of birthday gifts, you might ask loved ones to contribute to your child’s 529 instead.

Weddings and Other Major Family Expenses

If you’d like to help pay for your child’s wedding or first home purchase it’s a good idea to save for those goals separately, so they don’t disrupt your retirement savings progress.

If the wedding or home purchase is coming up in the next few years, you might open a high-yield savings account earmarked for that goal. If these family expenses are well off in the future, you might want to invest in mutual funds or a stock index fund, which could deliver more growth (though returns are not guaranteed).

The Takeaway

While there are several rules of thumb as to how much money you should have saved by 40, the truth is everyone’s path to a comfortable retirement looks different. One piece of advice is universal, however: The sooner you start saving for retirement, the better your chances of being in a financially desirable position later in life.

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The Average 401k Balance by Age

The Average 401(k) Balance by Age

Table of Contents

Key Points

•   Establishing the habit of investing in a retirement plan early, even small amounts, may help you benefit from compounding returns.

•   Aim to contribute enough to your 401(k) to get the full employer match, so you don’t leave money on the table.

•   Automating contributions can make it easier to consistently build retirement funds over time.

•   If you’re over 50, making catch-up contributions can boost your retirement savings.

•   Paying attention to asset allocations, investment performance, and fees can help you make regular adjustments to target your goals.

What’s the Average 401(k) Balance?

The average 401(k) balance for all ages is $134,128, according to Vanguard’s How America Saves Report 2024. However, the average 401(k) balance by age of someone in their 20s is very different from the balance of someone in their 50s and 60s. That’s why it’s helpful to know how much you should have saved in your 401(k) at different ages.

Seeing what others are saving in their 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, and beyond can be a useful way to gauge whether you’re on track with your own retirement plans and what else you can do to maximize this critical, tax-deferred form of savings.

Average and Median 401(k) Balance by Age Group

Pinning down the average 401(k) account balance can be challenging, as only a handful of sources collect information on retirement accounts, and they each have their own methods for doing so.

Vanguard is one of the largest 401(k) providers in the U.S., with nearly 5 million participants. For this review of the average and median 401(k) balance by age, we use data from Vanguard’s How America Saves Report 2024.

It’s important to look at both the average balance amounts, as well as the median amounts. Here’s why: Because there are people who save very little, as well as those who have built up very substantial balances, the average account balance only tells part of the story. Comparing the average amount with the median amount — the number in the middle of the savings curve — provides a reality check as to how other retirement savers in your age group may be doing.

Age Group

Average 401(k) Balance

Median 401(k) Balance

Under 25 $7,351 $2,816
25-34 $37,557 $14,933
35-44 $91,281 $35,537
45-54 $168,646 $60,763
55-64 $244,750 $87,571
65+ $272,588 $88,488

Source: Vanguard’s How America Saves Report 2024

Average 401(k) Balance for Ages 25 and Under

•   Average 401(k) Balance: $7,351

•   Median 401(k) Balance: $2,816

•   Key Challenges for Savers: Because they are new to the workforce, this age group is likely to be making lower starting salaries than those who have been working for several years. They may not have the income to put towards a 401(k). In addition, debt often presents a big challenge for younger savers, many of whom may be paying down student loan debt, credit card debt, or both.

•   Tips for Savers: While being debt-free is a priority, it’s also crucial to establish the habit of saving now — even if you’re not saving a lot. The point is to save steadily, whether that’s by contributing to your 401(k) or an investment account, and to automate your savings.

By starting early, even small contributions have the potential to grow over time because of the power of compounding returns.

Average 401(k) for Ages 25 to 34

•   Average 401(k) Balance: $37,557

•   Median 401(k) Balance: $14,933

•   Key Challenges for Savers: At this stage, savers may still be repaying student loans, which can take a chunk of their paychecks. At the same time, they may also be making big — and expensive — life changes like getting married or starting a family.

•   Tips for Savers: You’ve got a lot of competing financial responsibilities right now, but it’s vital to make saving for your future a priority. Contribute as much as you can to your 401(k). If possible, aim to contribute at least the amount needed to get your employer’s matching contribution, which is essentially free money. And when you get a raise or bonus at work, direct those extra funds into your 401(k) as well.

Average 401(k) for Ages 35 to 44

•   Average 401(k) Balance: $91,281

•   Median 401(k) Balance: $35,537

•   Key Challenges for Savers: While your late 30s and early 40s may be a time when salaries range higher, it’s also typically a phase of life when there are many demands on your money. You might be buying a home, raising a family, or starting a business, and it could feel more important to focus on the ‘now’ rather than the future.

•   Tips for Savers: Even if you can’t save much more at this stage than you could when you were in your early 30s, you still may be able to increase your savings rate a little. Many 401(k) plans offer the opportunity to automatically increase your contributions each year. If your plan has this feature, take advantage of it. A 1% or 2% increase in savings annually can add up over time. And because the money automatically goes directly into your 401(k), you won’t miss it.

Average 401(k) for Ages 45 to 54

•   Average 401(k) Balance: $168,646

•   Median 401(k) Balance: $60,763

•   Key Challenges for Savers: These can be peak earning years for some individuals. However, at this stage of life, you may also be dealing with the expense of sending your kids to college and helping ailing parents financially.

•   Tips for Savers: The good news is, that starting at age 50, the IRS allows you to start making catch-up contributions to your 401(k). For 2025, the regular contribution limit is $23,500, but individuals ages 50 and up can make an additional $7,500 in 401(k) catch-up contributions for a total of $31,000. For 2026, while those under age 50 can contribute up to $24,500, individuals who are 50 and up can contribute an additional $8,000 for a total of $32,500.

Under a new law that went into effect on January 1, 2026 as part of SECURE 2.0, individuals aged 50 and older who earned more than $150,000 in FICA wages in 2025 are required to put their 401(k) catch-up contributions into a Roth 401(k) account, meaning they’ll pay taxes on catch-up contributions upfront, but can make qualified withdrawals tax-free in retirement.

While money may be tight because of family obligations, this may be the perfect moment — and the perfect incentive — to renew your commitment to retirement savings because you can save so much more.

If you max out your 401(k) contributions, you may also want to consider opening an IRA. An individual retirement account is another vehicle to help you save for your future, and depending on the type of IRA you choose, there are potential tax benefits you could take advantage of now or after you retire.

Average 401(k) for Ages 55 to 64

•   Average 401(k) balance: $244,750

•   Median 401(k) balance: $87,571

•   Key Challenges for Savers: As retirement gets closer, this is the time to save even more for retirement than you have been. That said, you may still be paying off your children’s college debt and your mortgage, which can make it tougher to allocate money for your future.

•   Tips for Savers: In your early 60s, it may be tempting to consider dipping into Social Security. At age 62, you can begin claiming Social Security retirement benefits to supplement the money in your 401(k). But starting at 62 gives you a lower monthly payout for the rest of your life. Waiting until the full retirement age, which is 66 or 67 for most people, will allow you to collect a benefit that’s approximately 30% higher than what you’d get at 62. And if you can hold off until age 70 to take Social Security, that can increase your benefit as much as 32% versus taking it at 66.

In 2025 and 2026, those in their early 60s can also take advantage of an additional catch-up to their 401(k). Specifically, those aged 60 to 63 can contribute an additional $11,250 in catch-up contributions (instead of $7,500) to their 401(k) in 2025, and an additional $11,250 in 2026 (instead of $8,000), thanks to SECURE 2.0. Again, because of the new law regarding catch-up contributions, individuals aged 50 and older with FICA wages exceeding $150,000 in 2025 are required to put their catch-up contributions into a Roth 401(k) account.

Average 401(k) for Ages 65 and Older

•   Average 401(k) balance: $272,588

•   Median 401(k) balance: $88,488

•   Key Challenges for Savers: It’s critical to make sure that your savings and investments will last over the course of your retirement, however long that might be. You may be underestimating how much you’ll need. For instance, healthcare costs can rise in retirement since medical problems can become more serious as you get older.

•   Tips for Savers: Draw up a retirement budget to determine how much you might need to live on. Be sure to include healthcare, housing, and entertainment and travel. In addition, consider saving money by downsizing to a smaller, less costly home, and continue working full-time or part-time to supplement your retirement savings. And finally, keep regularly saving in retirement accounts such as a traditional or Roth IRA, if you can.

Recommended: When Can I Retire?

How Much Should I Have in My 401(k)?

The amount you should have in your 401(k) depends on a number of factors, including your age, income, financial obligations, and other investment accounts you might hold. According to Fidelity’s research on how much is needed to retire , an individual should aim to save about 15% of their income a year (including an employer match) starting at age 25.

To get a sense of how this looks at various ages, the chart below shows the average 401(k) balance by age, according to Vanguard’s research, as well as Fidelity’s rule of thumb for what your target 401(k) balance should roughly be at that age. Note that these are just guidelines, but they can give you a goal to work toward.

Age Group

Average 401(k) Balance*

Approximate Target 401(k) Balance**

Under 25 $7,351 Less than 1x your salary
25-34 $37,557 1x your salary by age 30
35-44 $91,281 2x your salary by age 35
3x your salary by age 40
45-54 $168,646 4x your salary by age 45
6x your salary by age 50
55-64 $244,750 7x your salary by 55
8x your salary by 60
65+ $272,588 10x your salary by age 67

*Source: Vanguard’s How America Saves Report 2024
**Source: Fidelity Viewpoints: How Much Do I Need to Retire?

Tips for Catching Up If You’re Behind

If your savings aren’t where they should be for your stage of life, take a breath — there are ways to catch up. These seven strategies can help you build your nest egg.

1. Automate your savings.

Automating your 401(k) contributions ensures that the money will go directly from your paycheck into your 401(k). You may also be able to have your contribution amount automatically increased every year, which can help accelerate your savings. Check with your employer to see if this is an option with your 401(k) plan.

2. Maximize 401(k) contributions.

The more you contribute to your 401(k), the more growth you can potentially see. At the very least, aim to contribute enough to qualify for the full employer matching contribution if your company offers one.

3. Make catch-up contributions if you’re eligible.

As mentioned, once you turn age 50, you can contribute even more money to your 401(k). If you can max out the regular contributions each year, making additional catch-up contributions to your 401(k) may help you grow your account balance faster.

4. Consider opening an IRA.

If you’ve maxed out all your 401(k) contributions, you could open a traditional or Roth IRA to help save even more for retirement. For 2025, those under age 50 can contribute up to $7,000 to an IRA or up to $8,000 if they’re 50 and older. For 2026, they can contribute up to $7,500 to an IRA or up to $8,600 if they’re 50 or older.

5. Make sure you have the right asset allocations.

The younger you are, the more time you have to recover from market downturns, so you may choose to be a little more aggressive with your investments. On the other hand, if you have a low risk capacity, you may opt for more conservative investments.

Either way, you want to save and invest your money wisely. Consider using a mix of investment vehicles, such as stocks, bonds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and mutual funds, to help diversify your portfolio. Just be aware that investing always involves some risk.

6. Pay Attention to Fees.

Fees can erode your investment returns over time and ultimately reduce the size of your nest egg. As you choose investments for your 401(k), consider the cost of different funds. Specifically, look at the expense ratio for any mutual funds or ETFs offered by the plan. This reflects the cost of owning the fund annually, expressed as a percentage. The higher this percentage, the more you’ll pay to own the fund.

7. Conduct an Annual Financial Checkup.

It can be helpful to check in with your goals periodically to see how you’re doing. For example, you might plan an annual 401(k) checkup at year’s end to review how your investments have performed, what you contributed to the plan, and how much you’ve paid in fees. This can help you make smarter investment decisions for the upcoming year.

The Takeaway

The average and median 401(k) balances and the target amounts noted above reflect some important realities for different age groups. Some people can save more, others less — and it’s crucial to understand that many factors play into those account balances. It’s not simply a matter of how much money you have, but also the choices you make.

For instance, starting early and saving regularly can help your money grow. Contributing as much as possible to your 401(k) and getting an employer match are also smart strategies to pursue, if you’re able to. And opening an IRA or an investment account are other potential ways to help you save for the future.

With forethought and planning, you can put, and keep, your retirement goals on track.

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FAQ

What is a good 401(k) balance?

A good 401(k) balance is different for everyone and depends on their age, specific financial situation, and goals. The general rule of thumb is to have 401(k) savings that’s equivalent to your salary by age 30, three times your salary by age 40, six times your salary by age 50, 8 times your salary by age 60, and 10 times your salary by age 67.

How much do most people retire with?

According to the Federal Reserve’s most recent Survey of Consumer Finances, the average 401(k)/IRA account balance for adults ages 55 to 64 was $204,000. Keep in mind, however, that when it comes to savings, one rule of thumb, according to Fidelity, is for an individual to have 8 times their salary saved by age 60 and 10 times their salary saved by age 67.


About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.



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INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Why You Should Start Retirement Planning in Your 20s

Why You Should Start Retirement Planning in Your 20s

When you’re in your 20s, retirement may be the last thing on your mind. But thinking about retirement now can help ensure your financial security in the future.

The longer you have to save for retirement, the better. Here’s why you should start retirement planning and investing in your 20s.

Key Points

•   Starting retirement planning in their 20s allows individuals more time to build savings and benefit from compound returns.

•   Compound returns may help early savers grow their money exponentially over a longer period.

•   Calculate retirement savings goals and choose suitable savings vehicles, such as a 401(k), traditional IRA, or Roth IRA.

•   Young investors with a long time horizon can generally afford a more aggressive portfolio than older investors.

•   As retirement approaches, individuals can shift investments to less risky assets to help protect savings.

Main Reason to Start Saving for Retirement Early

When you start investing in your 20s, even if you begin with just a small amount, you have more time to build your nest egg. Typically, having a long time horizon means you have time to weather the ups and downs of the markets.

What’s more — and this is critical — the earlier you start investing, the more time you have to take advantage of the power of compound returns, which can help your investment grow over time.

Here’s how compound returns work: If the money you invest sees a return, and that profit is reinvested, you earn money not only on your original investment, but also on the returns. In other words, both your principal and your earnings could gain value over time. And the more time you have to invest, the more time your returns may compound.

Compound Returns Example

Imagine you are 25 with plans to retire at 65. That gives you 40 years to save up your nest egg. Now, let’s say you invest $5,000 in a mutual fund in your retirement account, and the fund has an annual rate of return of 5%. After a year you would have $5,250, including $250 of earnings (minus any investment or account fees). The following year, assuming the same rate of return, you would have $5,512.50, including $262.50 of earnings on the $5,250.

While there are no guarantees that the money would continue to gain 5% every year — investments involve risk and can lose money — historically, the average return of the S&P 500 is about 10% per year, or about 7% adjusted for inflation.

That might mean you earn 3% one year and 8% another year, and so on. But over time your principal would likely continue to grow, and the earnings on that principal would also grow. Imagine that playing out over 40 years and you can see why it’s important to start investing early for your retirement.


💡 Quick Tip: Before opening an investment account, know your investment objectives, time horizon, and risk tolerance. These fundamentals will help keep your strategy on track and with the aim of meeting your goals.

How to Start Saving for Retirement in Your 20s

If you’re new to saving, starting a retirement fund requires a little bit of planning.

Step 1: Calculate how much you need to save

Set a goal. Consider your target retirement date and how long you’ll expect to be retired based on current life expectancy. What kind of lifestyle do you want to lead? And what do you expect your retirement expenses to be?

Step 2: Choose an investment vehicle

When it comes to where to put your savings, you have a number of options. For example, you can participate in your workplace 401(k) if you have one. You could also open an individual retirement account (IRA). Read more about both these options and how they work below.

Many retirement savers also opt to use an investing account, such as a taxable brokerage account.

Keep in mind that investments in stocks or other securities involve risk, but they may allow for the possibility of better returns. Young investors may be better positioned than older investors to take on additional risk, since they have time to recover after a market decline. However, the amount of risk you’re willing to take on is an important consideration and a personal choice.

Step 3: Start investing

Once you’ve opened an account, your investment strategy depends on age, goals, time horizon and risk tolerance. For example, the longer you have before you retire, the more money you might consider investing in riskier assets such as stock, since you’ll have longer to ride out any rocky period in the market. As retirement approaches, you may want to re-allocate more of your portfolio to typically less risky assets, such as bonds.

Types of Retirement Plans

If you’re interested in opening a tax-advantaged retirement plan, there are three main account types to consider: 401(k)s, traditional IRAs, and Roth IRAs.

401(k)

A 401(k) plan is an employer sponsored retirement account that you invest in through your workplace, if your employer offers it. You make contributions to 401(k)s with pre-tax funds (meaning contributions lower your taxable income), usually deducted from your paycheck. Your 401(k) will typically offer a relatively small menu of investments from which you can choose.

Employers may also contribute to your 401(k) and often offer matching contributions. Consider saving enough money to at least meet your employer’s match, which is essentially free money and an important part of your total compensation.

Some companies also offer a Roth 401(k), which uses after-tax paycheck deferrals.

Individuals under age 50 can contribute up to $23,500 in their 401(k) in 2025. Those age 50 and up can make an additional catch-up contribution of up to $7,500. In 2026, those under age 50 can contribute up to $24,500 in their 401(k), and those 50 and older can contribute an additional catch-up contribution of up to $8,000. And thanks to SECURE 2.0, in both 2025 and 2026, individuals ages 60 to 63 can make a higher catch-up contribution of up to $11,250 instead of $7,500 for 2025 and $8,000 for 2026.

Under a new law that went into effect on January 1, 2026 as part of SECURE 2.0, individuals aged 50 and older with FICA wages exceeding $150,000 in 2025 are required to put their 401(k) catch-up contributions into a Roth 401(k) account, meaning they’ll pay taxes on catch-up contributions upfront, but can make qualified withdrawals tax-free in retirement.

Money invested inside a 401(k) grows tax-deferred, and you’ll pay regular income tax on withdrawals that you make after age 59 ½. If you take out money before then, you could owe both income taxes and a 10% early withdrawal penalty.

You must begin making required minimum distributions (RMDs) from your account by age 73.

Traditional IRA

Traditional IRAs are not offered through employers. Anyone can open one as long as they have earned income. Depending on your income and access to other retirement savings accounts, you may be able to deduct contributions to a traditional IRA on your taxes.

As with 401(k) contributions, you will owe taxes on traditional IRA withdrawals after age 59 ½ and you may have to pay taxes and a penalty on early withdrawals.

In 2025, traditional IRA contribution limits are $7,000 a year or $8,000 for those age 50 and up. In 2026, contribution limits are $7,500 a year, or $8,600 for those age 50 and older. Compared to 401(k)s, IRAs typically offer individuals the ability to invest in a broader range of investments. These investments can then grow tax-deferred inside the account. Traditional IRAs are also subject to RMDs typically starting at age 73.

Roth IRA

Unlike 401(k)s and traditional IRAs, contributions to Roth IRAs are made with after-tax dollars. While they provide no immediate tax benefit, the money inside the account grows tax-free and it isn’t subject to income tax when withdrawals are made after age 59 ½.

You can also withdraw your contributions (but not the earnings) from a Roth at any time without a tax penalty as long as the Roth has been open for at least five tax years. The first tax year begins on January 1 of the year the first contribution was made and ends on the tax filing deadline of the next year, such as April 15. Any contribution made during that time counts as being made in the prior year.

So, for instance, if you made your first contribution on April 10, 2025, it counts as though it were made at the beginning of 2024. Therefore, your Roth would be considered open for five tax years in January 2029.

Roth IRAs are not subject to RMD rules. Contribution limits are the same as traditional IRAs.

Investing in Multiple Accounts

Individuals can have both a traditional and Roth IRA. But it’s important to note that the contribution limits apply to total contributions across both. So if you’re 25 and put $3,500 in a traditional IRA in 2025, you could only put up to $3,500 in your Roth in that same year.

You can also contribute to both a 401(k) and an IRA, however if you have access to a 401(k) at work (or your spouse does) you may not be able to deduct all or any of your IRA contributions, based on your modified adjusted gross income and tax filing status.

Retirement Plan Strategies

The investment strategy you choose will depend largely on three things: your goals, time horizon, and risk tolerance. These factors will help you determine your asset allocation — what types of assets you hold and in what proportion. Your retirement portfolio as a 20-something investor will likely look very different from a retirement portfolio of a 50-something investor.

For example, those with a high risk tolerance and long time horizon might hold a greater portion of stocks. This asset class is typically more volatile than bonds, but it also provides greater potential for growth.

Generally speaking, the shorter a person’s time horizon and the less risk tolerance they have, the greater proportion of bonds they may want to include in their portfolio. Here’s a look at some portfolio strategies and the asset allocation that might accompany them:

Sample Portfolio Style

Asset allocation

Aggressive 85% stocks, 15% bonds
Moderately Aggressive 80% stocks, 20% bonds
Moderate 60% stocks, 40% bonds
Moderately Conservative 30% stocks, 70% bonds
Conservative 20% stocks, 80% bonds

The Takeaway

Even if you don’t have a lot of room in your budget in your 20s to start investing, putting away as much as you can as early as you can, can go a long way toward helping you save for retirement. As you start to earn a bigger salary, you can increase the amount of money you save over time.

Prepare for your retirement with an individual retirement account (IRA). It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. Whether you prefer a hands-on self-directed IRA through SoFi Securities or an automated robo IRA with SoFi Wealth, you can build a portfolio to help support your long-term goals while gaining access to tax-advantaged savings strategies.

Help build your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

How much should a 25 year old have in a 401(k)?

There is no one specific amount a 25-year-old should have in their 401(k), but a common guideline suggests having about half your annual salary saved by age 25. So if you earn $30,000 a year, you’d aim to save approximately $15,000 by age 25, using this benchmark.

At what age should you have $50,000 saved?

You should aim to have saved $50,000 by about age 30. Here’s why: According to one rule of thumb, you should have the equivalent of one year’s salary saved by age 30. The average salary for individuals ages 25 to 34 is approximately $59,000, according to the latest data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. So if you save $50,000 by around age 30, you are more or less in line with that target.

Is 26 too late to start saving for retirement?

No, age 26 is not too late to start saving for retirement. In fact, it’s never too late to start saving, but the sooner you start, the better. The earlier you start putting money away for retirement, the more time your money has to grow.


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INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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What Is a SIMPLE IRA? How Does it Work?

The Ultimate Guide to SIMPLE IRAs for Employees and Small Businesses

SIMPLE IRA is a tax-advantaged retirement account that can help self-employed individuals and small business owners save and invest for the future.

You may already be familiar with traditional individual retirement accounts (IRAs). A SIMPLE IRA, or Saving Incentive Match Plan for Employees, is similar to a traditional IRA in that it’s also a tax-deferred account. But the contribution limits for SIMPLE IRAs are higher, and the tax treatment of these plans is slightly different.

Also, SIMPLE IRAs require employers to provide a matching contribution.

What Is a SIMPLE IRA?

SIMPLE IRA plans are employer-sponsored retirement accounts for businesses with 100 or fewer employees. They are also retirement accounts for the self-employed and sole proprietors. If you’re your own boss, and thus self-employed, you can set up a SIMPLE IRA for yourself.

For small business owners and the self-employed, SIMPLE IRAs are an easy-to-manage, low-cost way to contribute to their own retirement — while at the same time helping employees to contribute to their savings as well, both through tax-deferred, elective contributions, and a required employer match.

SIMPLE IRAs offer higher contribution limits than traditional IRAs (see below), but employers and employees still benefit from tax advantages like tax-deferred growth and contributions that are either deductible (for the employer) or reduce taxable income (for the employee).

How Does a SIMPLE IRA Work?

A SIMPLE IRA is one of many different types of retirement plans available, but it can be appealing for small business owners and those who are self-employed owing to the lower administrative burden.

That’s because, unlike a 401(k) plan (which requires a plan sponsor and a plan administrator, as well as a custodian for employee assets), a SIMPLE IRA basically enables the employer to set up IRA accounts at a financial institution for eligible employees — or allow employees to do so at the financial institution of their choice.

Once the plan is set up and contributions are made, the employee is fully vested (i.e., they have ownership of all SIMPLE IRA funds, per IRS rules), which is helpful when saving for retirement.

Employee Eligibility

In order for an employee to participate in a SIMPLE IRA, they must have earned at least $5,000 in compensation over the course of any two years prior to the current calendar year, and they must expect to make $5,000 in the current calendar year.

It’s possible for employers to set less restrictive rules for SIMPLE IRA eligibility. For example, they could lower the amount employees are required to have made in a previous two-year time. However, they cannot make participation rules more restrictive.

Employers can exclude certain types of employees from the plan, including union members who have already bargained for retirement benefits and nonresident aliens who don’t receive their compensation from the employer.

Employee Contribution Limits

Those who have a SIMPLE IRA can contribute up to $16,500 in 2025 (plus an extra $3,500 in catch-up contributions for those 50 and older). In 2026, they can contribute up to $17,000 (plus an extra $4,000 in catch-up contributions for those 50 and older). In both 2025 and 2026, those aged 60 to 63 can contribute $5,250 (instead of $3,500 and $4,000 respectively), thanks to SECURE 2.0.

Contributions reduce employees’ taxable income, which lowers their income taxes in the year they contribute. Contributions can be invested inside the account, and may grow tax-deferred until an employee makes withdrawals when they retire.

IRA withdrawal rules are particularly important to pay attention to as they can be a bit complicated. Withdrawals made after age 59 ½ are subject to income tax. If you make withdrawals before then, you may be subject to an additional 10%, with some exceptions, or 25% penalty (if you’ve had the account for less than two years).

Account holders must make required minimum distributions, or RMDs, from their accounts when they reach age 73 (as long as they turn 72 after December 31, 2022).

Matching Contributions

An employer is required to provide a matching contribution to employees in one of two ways. They can match up to 3% of employees’ compensation. Or they can make a non-elective contribution of 2% of employees’ compensation.

If an employee doesn’t participate in the SIMPLE IRA plan, they would still receive an employer contribution of 2% of their compensation, up to the annual compensation limit, which is $350,000 for 2025, and $360,000 for 2026.

This two-tiered structure allows employers to choose whatever matching structure suits them.

SIMPLE IRA vs Traditional IRA

When it comes to a SIMPLE IRA vs. a traditional IRA, the two plans are similar, but there are some key differences between the two. A SIMPLE IRA is for small business owners and their employees. A traditional IRA is for anyone with earned income.

To be eligible for a SIMPLE IRA, an employee generally must have earned at least $5,000 in compensation over the course of two years prior — and expect to make $5,000 in the current calendar year. With a traditional IRA, an individual must have earned income in the past year.

Contribution Limits

One of the biggest differences between the two plans is the contribution limit amount.

While individuals can contribute $7,000 in 2025 to a traditional IRA (or $8,000 if they are 50 or older), and $7,500 in 2026 (or $8,600 if they are 50 or older), those who have a SIMPLE IRA can contribute $16,500 in 2025, plus an extra $3,500 in catch-up contributions for those 50 and older, for a total of $20,000, and they can contribute $17,000 in 2026 plus an extra $4,000 in catch-up contributions, for a total of $21,000. Those aged 60 to 63 can contribute a catch-up of $5,250 for both 2025 and 2026 (instead of $3,500 and $4,000), for a total of $21,750 in 2025, and $22,250 in 2026.

Tax Treatment

And while both types of IRAs are considered tax deferred, SIMPLE IRAs use two different tax treatments.
For example: a traditional IRA generally allows individuals to make tax-deductible contributions. With a SIMPLE IRA, the employer or sole proprietor can make tax-deductible contributions to a SIMPLE IRA — while employees benefit from having their elective contributions withheld from their taxable income.

Both methods can help lower taxable income, potentially providing a tax benefit. But withdrawals are taxed as income, as they are with a traditional IRA.

Dive deeper: SIMPLE IRA vs Traditional IRA

SIMPLE IRA vs 401(k)

SIMPLE IRAs have some similarity to employer-sponsored 401(k) plans. Contributions made to both are made with pre-tax dollars, and the money in the accounts grows tax-deferred.

But while a 401(k) gives an employer the option of providing matching contributions to employees’ plans, a SIMPLE IRA requires matching contributions by the employer, as noted above.

Another major difference between the two plans is that individuals can contribute much more to a 401(k) than they can to a SIMPLE IRA.

•   In 2025, they can contribute $23,500 to their 401(k) and an additional $7,500 if they’re 50 or older. Those aged 60 to 63 can contribute $11,250 instead of $7,500 to their 401(k), thanks to SECURE 2.0. In 2026, they can contribute $24,500 and an additional $8,000 if they are 50 or older. Those aged 60 to 63 can again contribute $11,250 instead of $8,000.

Under a new law that went into effect on January 1, 2026 (as part of SECURE 2.0), individuals aged 50 and older who earned more than $150,000 in FICA wages in 2025 are required to put their 401(k) catch-up contributions into a Roth 401(k) account. With Roth accounts, individuals pay taxes on contributions upfront, but can make qualified withdrawals tax-free in retirement.

•   In comparison, individuals can contribute $16,500 to a SIMPLE IRA in 2025, plus an additional $3,500 if they are 50 or older, and in 2026, they can contribute $17,000, plus an additional $4,000 if they are 50 or older. Those aged 60 to 63 can contribute $5,250 (instead of $3,500 and $4,000) in 2025 and 2026, thanks to SECURE 2.0.

How to Run a SIMPLE IRA Plan

SIMPLE IRAs are relatively easy to put in place, since they have no filing requirements for employers. Employers cannot offer another retirement plan in addition to offering a SIMPLE IRA.

If you’re interested in setting up a SIMPLE IRA, banks and brokerages may have a plan, known as a prototype plan, that’s already been approved by the IRS.

Otherwise you’ll need to fill out one of two forms to set up your plan:

•   Form 5304-SIMPLE allows employees to choose the financial institutions that will receive their SIMPLE IRA contributions.

•   You can also fill out Form 5305-SIMPLE, which means employees will deposit SIMPLE IRA contributions at a single financial institution chosen by the employer.

Once you have established the SIMPLE IRA, an account must be set up by or for each employee, and employers and employees can start to make contributions.

Notice Requirements for Employees

There are minimal paperwork requirements for a SIMPLE IRA. Once the employer opens and establishes the plan through a financial institution, they need to notify employees about it. This should be done by October 1 of the year the plan is intended to begin. Employees have 60 days to make their elections.

Eligible employees need to be notified about the plan annually. Any changes or new terms to the plan must be disclosed. At the beginning of each annual election period, employers must notify their employees of the following:

•   Opportunities to make or change salary reductions.

•   The ability to choose a financial institution to receive SIMPLE IRA contribution, if applicable.

•   Employer’s decisions to make nonelective or matching contributions.

•   A summary description provided by the financial institution that acts as trustee of SIMPLE IRA fund, and notice that employees can transfer their balance without cost of penalty if the employer is using a designated financial institution.

Participant Loans and Withdrawals

Participants cannot take loans from a SIMPLE IRA. Withdrawals made before age 59 ½ are typically subject to a 10% penalty, or 25% if the account is less than two years old, in addition to any income tax due on the withdrawal amount.

Rollovers and Transfers to Other Retirement Accounts

For the first two years of participating in a SIMPLE IRA, participants can only do a tax-free rollover to another SIMPLE IRA. After two years, they may be able to roll over their SIMPLE IRA to a traditional IRA or an employer-sponsored plan such as 401(k).

A rollover to a Roth IRA would require paying taxes on any untaxed contributions and earnings in the accounts.

The Advantages and Drawbacks of a SIMPLE IRA Plan

While SIMPLE IRAs may offer a lot of benefits, including immediate tax benefits, tax-deferred growth, and employer contributions, there are some drawbacks. For example, SIMPLE IRAs don’t allow employees to save as much as other retirement plans such as 401(k)s and Simplified Employee Pension (SEP) IRAs.

In 2025, employees can contribute up to $23,500 to a 401(k), plus an additional $7,500 for those 50 and over. Those aged 60 to 63 can contribute $11,250 instead of $7,500 to their 401(k), thanks to SECURE 2.0.

In 2026, they can contribute $24,500 to a 401(k), plus an additional $8,000 for those 50 or older. Those aged 60 to 63 can contribute $11,250 instead of $8,000 to their 401(k), thanks to SECURE 2.0.

Individuals with a SEP IRA account can contribute up to 25% of their employee compensation, or $70,000, whichever is less, in 2025, and up to 25% of their employee compensation, or $72,000, whichever is less, in 2026.

The good news is, employees with SIMPLE IRAs can make up some of that lost ground. Employers may be wondering about the merits of choosing between a SIMPLE and traditional IRA, but they can actually have both.

Employers and employees can open a traditional or Roth IRA and fund it simultaneously with a SIMPLE IRA. For 2025, total IRA contributions can be up to $7,000, or $8,000 for those 50 and over. In 2026, total IRA contributions can be up to $7,500, or $8,600 for those 50 or older.

Here some pros and cons of starting and funding a SIMPLE IRA at a glance:

Pros of a SIMPLE IRA

Cons of a SIMPLE IRA

Employers are required to provide a matching contribution for all eligible employees. Lower contribution limits than other plans, such as 401(k)s and SEP IRAs.
Lower cost and less paperwork than other retirement accounts; there are no filing requirements with the IRS. Withdrawals made before age 59 ½ are subject to a possible 10% or 25% penalty, depending on how long the account has been open.
Contributions are tax deductible for employers and pre-tax for employees (both lower taxable income). Participants cannot take out a loan from a SIMPLE IRA.
A SIMPLE IRA may offer more investment options than a 401(k) or other employer plan. There is no Roth option to allow employees to fund a SIMPLE account with after-tax dollars that would translate to tax-free withdrawals in retirement.

Eligibility and Participation in a SIMPLE IRA

As mentioned previously, there are some rules about who can participate in a SIMPLE IRA. Here’s a quick recap.

Who Can Establish and Participate in a SIMPLE IRA?

Small business owners with fewer than 100 employees and self-employed individuals can set up and participate in a SIMPLE IRA, along with any eligible employees.

Employers can’t offer any other type of employer-sponsored plan if they set up a SIMPLE IRA.

Employees’ Eligibility and Participation Criteria

In order for an employee to be eligible to participate, they must have earned at least $5,000 in compensation over the course of any two years prior to the current calendar year, and they must expect to make $5,000 in the current calendar year.

Employees can choose less restrictive requirements if they choose. They may also exclude certain individuals from a SIMPLE IRA, such as those in unions who receive benefits through the union.

Investment Choices and Account Maintenance

Because the employer doesn’t have to set up investment options for the SIMPLE IRA, employees have the advantage of setting up a portfolio from the investments available at the financial institution that holds the SIMPLE IRA.

Investment Choices for a SIMPLE IRA

Typically, there may be more investment choices with a SIMPLE IRA than there with a 401(k) because the SIMPLE IRA account may be held at a financial institution with a wide array of options.

Investment choices can include stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), target-date funds, and more.

Understanding SIMPLE IRA Distributions

There are particular rules for SIMPLE IRA distributions, as there are with all types of retirement accounts.

Withdrawal Rules and Tax Consequences

As discussed previously, withdrawals made before age 59 ½ are subject to income tax plus a potential 10% or 25% penalty, depending on how long the account has been open.

Withdrawals made after age 59 ½ are subject to income tax only and no penalty. Account holders must make required minimum distributions from their accounts when they reach age 73 (as long as they turn 72 after Dec. 31, 2022).

The 2-Year Rule and Early Withdrawal Penalties

There is a two-year rule for withdrawals from a SIMPLE IRA. If you make a withdrawal within the first two years of participating in the plan, the penalty may be increased from 10% to 25%, with some exceptions (e.g., for a first-time home purchase, for higher education expenses, and more). In addition, all withdrawals are subject to ordinary income tax.

The Takeaway

SIMPLE IRAs are one of the easiest ways that self-employed individuals and small business owners can help themselves and their employees save for retirement, whether they’re experienced retirement investors or they’re opening their first IRA.

These accounts can even be used in conjunction with certain other retirement accounts and investment accounts to help individuals save even more.

Prepare for your retirement with an individual retirement account (IRA). It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. Whether you prefer a hands-on self-directed IRA through SoFi Securities or an automated robo IRA with SoFi Wealth, you can build a portfolio to help support your long-term goals while gaining access to tax-advantaged savings strategies.

Help grow your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.


Photo credit: iStock/shapecharge

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or by emailing customer service at [email protected]. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results.

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Buying a house with no money down is a dream for this joyful couple shaking hands with their real estate agent.

How to Buy a House With No Money Down

Even in a hot real estate market, it’s possible to learn how to buy a house with no money down. Zero-down home loans aren’t available everywhere and to every borrower, but if you do qualify and can find an area with a zero-down mortgage, homeownership could be much more attainable.

Here’s exactly what you need to know about how to buy a house with no money down.

  • Key Points
  • •   It’s possible to buy a home with no money down using certain mortgage programs, but eligibility depends on your situation and location.
  • •   VA and USDA loans offer zero-down payment options — VA for eligible service members and USDA for qualifying rural properties.
  • •   Down payment assistance programs from local or state agencies can help first-time and low- to moderate-income buyers cover upfront costs.
  • •   A down payment gift from a family member can be used toward buying a home if properly documented.
  • •   It’s important to compare lenders and understand loan terms and fees, since zero-down mortgages can come with higher rates, mortgage insurance, or stricter requirements.

Can You Buy a House With No Money Down?

It is possible to buy a house with no money down in certain situations. Some government-backed loans, such as VA and USDA mortgages, offer 0% down options for eligible borrowers. Buyers may also use down payment assistance programs or seller concessions, though credit, income, and eligibility requirements still apply.

Recommended: First-Time Homebuyer Programs and Loans

How to Buy a House With No Money

There are a few avenues you can take to get a mortgage loan and buy a home with no money down, including:

•   Buy a home with a VA or USDA loan. These loans, from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, do not require a down payment.

•   Receive assistance for your down payment or closing costs from a state or local program or a family member.

•   Receive a lender credit.

•   Ask for a seller concession.

Note: SoFi does not offer USDA loans at this time. However, SoFi does offer FHA, VA, and conventional loan options.

USDA Loan

A USDA loan requires no money down and is intended for buyers in rural areas. There are two ways the U.S. Department of Agriculture loans money:

•   Single-family housing direct loans

•   Single-family housing guaranteed program

The direct loans are issued by the USDA and come with a 33-year term for low- and very-low-income households. (Very-low-income applicants may stretch the repayment term to 38 years.) The guaranteed program is run through approved lenders with a 30-year fixed rate for low- to moderate-income households.

VA Loan

A VA loan guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs is a zero down payment mortgage with low interest rates for qualified veterans, active-duty service members, certain reservists and National Guard members, and surviving spouses. Most borrowers pay a one-time funding fee, which can be rolled into the loan. Lenders can be more flexible with credit scores, mortgage amounts, and debt-to-income ratios.

Down Payment and Closing Cost Assistance Programs

Many city and state agencies offer different mortgage types and down payment assistance to buyers, especially low- to moderate-income homebuyers, first-time homebuyers, veterans, and people buying in federally targeted areas.

The terms vary. Sometimes the assistance for a down payment is in the form of a second mortgage that is repaid over time. Other terms include deferred payments that are only due if the property is sold, loans that are forgivable if the property is occupied by an owner for a specified amount of time, and even grants.

HUD, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, steers homebuyers to city, state, and nonprofit programs that offer down payment assistance.

Down Payment Gift From a Family Member

A down payment gift from a family member can also help you buy a house with no money down. The main thing to remember about a down payment gift from a family member is that the money must be properly documented with a gift letter. Your lender will likely provide a template to make sure you have all the crucial elements included.

Lender Credits

Lender credits are what you get when you agree to pay a higher interest rate in return for some money that the lender contributes toward your closing costs. The more lender credits you receive, the higher your rate will be. With some lenders, you can cover your closing costs entirely with lender credits. This is a common practice when refinancing a loan.

Seller Concessions

One strategy real estate agents have used is to ask for a credit from the seller, to be contributed toward the buyer’s closing costs. Making an offer above asking price in tandem with the seller concessions makes this option more palatable for sellers in a competitive housing market.

Recommended: Home Loan Help Center

The Takeaway

Buying a house with no money down takes some research, but could be well worth your time. With a VA or USDA loan, down payment assistance, gift money, or lender credits, it is possible to obtain a no money down mortgage. Qualifying first-time buyers can also still catch a break with a conventional mortgage loan — some lenders will let you put just 3% down.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

Can cash gifts be used as a down payment?

Yes, but certain rules must be followed for the gift to be documented by the lender, usually in the form of a gift letter.

Are there any homebuyer grants?

Sometimes, but they’re usually reserved for first-time buyers, veterans, or people buying homes in federally targeted areas. You might start a search for assistance with your state housing finance agency or HUD and then look for city and county programs.

What are down payment assistance programs?

Down payment assistance programs help homebuyers afford down payments and sometimes closing costs as well. This is done in the form of grants and loans, and can vary by location.

What credit score do I need to buy a house with no money down?

For a zero down mortgage backed by the USDA or VA, lenders are advised to look at a borrower’s situation case by case. Approved USDA loan lenders usually require a minimum credit score of 640, though the department itself doesn’t have a credit score requirement.

Most VA loan lenders will want to see a credit score above 620, but again, the VA does not have a minimum credit score. Applicants may qualify with a score below 620 when debt, income, and the ability to shoulder future mortgage payments are given a close look.

Down payment assistance programs often require a minimum credit score of 620.


Photo credit: iStock/Paperkites

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*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
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Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

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