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There are a grand total of nine states that don’t tax retirement income, and that’s because those states don’t tax income at all. This can be important for seniors to know, as holding onto as much retirement income as possible can be important — whether it’s coming from pensions, Social Security, a 401(k), or elsewhere.

Equally important to know: As of 2025, there are 15 states that don’t tax pensions, and 41 states — plus the District of Columbia — that don’t tax Social Security benefits. Paying less in taxes can lower the strain on a retiree’s budget and help their money last longer. That becomes especially important when and if inflation shrinks purchasing power — as it has in recent years.

How Much Can State Taxes Take Out of Retirement Income?

Each state taxes income, including retirement income, differently. So, there are different states that don’t tax pensions, and then there are states that don’t tax Social Security, etc.

Accordingly, how much of a bite state taxes take out of retirement income can depend on several factors, including the applicable tax rate where you live, and your specific tax brackets.

Taxes can be an important consideration when choosing where to retire, and when to retire.

Getting your financial house in order is also important. A money tracker app can give you a bird’s eye view of your finances and help you keep tabs on where your money is coming and going.

Understanding State Income Tax

As of 2025, 41 states levy taxes on wage and salary income, while nine states do not assess individual income tax. The state of New Hampshire exclusively taxes dividend and interest income, while Washington taxes capital gains for certain high-income individuals.

In some states, the same tax rate applies to all taxable income. Other states use a graduated tax system with individual tax brackets, similar to the way the federal tax system works.

California has the highest marginal tax rate, at 13.30%. Other states with double-digit tax rates include Hawaii (11.0%), New York (10.90%), New Jersey (10.75%), and Oregon (9.90%). Aside from the states that have no income tax, the lowest marginal tax rate belongs to North Dakota and Arizona, which both have an income tax rate of 2.50%.

Further, if you were to look at the average retirement savings by state, it may help provide some more insight into where many retirees live — and why.

15 States That Don’t Tax Pensions

Altogether, there are 15 states that don’t tax federal or private pension plans. Some of these are states that have no income tax at all; others have provisions in state law that make them states with no pension tax. Here are which states don’t tax pensions:

State	Pension Tax Policy
Alabama	Pension income excluded from state income tax
Alaska	No state income tax
Florida	No state income tax
Hawaii	Pension income excluded from state tax
Illinois	Pension income excluded from state tax
Iowa	Pension income excluded from state tax
Mississippi	Pension income excluded from state tax
Nevada	No state income tax
New Hampshire	Only taxes interest and dividend income
Pennsylvania	Pension income excluded from state tax
South Dakota	No state income tax
Tennessee	No state income tax
Texas	No state income tax
Washington	Only taxes capital gains for high income earners
Wyoming	No state income tax

Keep in mind that state or local government employee pension benefits may be treated differently. New York, for example, specifically excludes pension benefits paid by state or local government agencies from state income tax. If you move to another state, however, that state could tax your New York pension benefits.

41 States That Don’t Tax Social Security

Understandably, many people have questions about Social Security, including whether the program will remain solvent in the future. Another big one: How will taxes affect your benefit amount? That’s why it’s important to know which states don’t tax Social Security.

The good news is that 41 states and the District of Columbia do not tax Social Security benefits. So if you’ve chosen to retire, or at least are thinking about choosing a retirement date (which can affect your total Social Security payouts), you don’t need to worry about it. Similar to the states that don’t tax pensions, these states either have no income tax at all, offer exemptions, or have elected to exclude Social Security benefits from taxable income calculations.

State	Social Security Tax Policy	State	Social Security Tax Policy
Alabama	Not included in income tax calculations	Missouri	Not included in income tax calculations
Alaska	No state income tax	Nebraska	Not included in income tax calculations
Arizona	Not included in income tax calculations	Nevada	No state income tax
Arkansas	Not included in income tax calculations	New Hampshire	Not included in income tax calculations
California	Not included in income tax calculations	New Jersey	Not included in income tax calculations
Delaware	Not included in income tax calculations	New York	Not included in income tax calculations
Florida	No state income tax	North Carolina	Not included in income tax calculations
Georgia	Not included in income tax calculations	North Dakota	Not included in income tax calculations
Hawaii	Not included in income tax calculations	Ohio	Not included in income tax calculations
Idaho	Not included in income tax calculations	Oklahoma	Not included in income tax calculations
Illinois	Not included in income tax calculations	Oregon	Not included in income tax calculations
Indiana	Not included in income tax calculations	Pennsylvania	Not included in income tax calculations
Iowa	Not included in income tax calculations	South Carolina	Not included in income tax calculations
Kentucky	Not included in income tax calculations	South Dakota	No state income tax
Louisiana	Not included in income tax calculations	Tennessee	No state income tax
Maine	Not included in income tax calculations	Texas	No state income tax
Maryland	Not included in income tax calculations	Virginia	Not included in income tax calculations
Massachusetts	Not included in income tax calculations	Washington	Not included in income tax calculations
Michigan	Not included in income tax calculations	Washington, D.C.	Not included in income tax calculations
Mississippi	Not included in income tax calculations	Wisconsin	Not included in income tax calculations
		Wyoming	No state income tax

Montana and New Mexico do tax Social Security benefits, but with modifications and exceptions.

8 States That Don’t Tax Capital Gains

Federal capital gains tax applies when an investment or asset is sold for more than its original purchase price. The short-term capital gains tax rate applies to investments held for less than one year. Investments held for longer than one year are subject to the long-term capital gains tax.

States can also tax capital gains, though not all of them do. The states that do not tax capital gains are the same states that do not have income tax or have special tax rules on which income is taxable. They include:

•   Alaska

•   Florida

•   Nevada

•   New Hampshire

•   South Dakota

•   Tennessee

•   Texas

•   Wyoming

As far as how much capital gains are taxed at the state level, the tax rate you’ll pay will depend on where you live. Some states offer more favorable tax treatment than others for capital gains.

13 States That Don’t Tax 401(k), TSP, or IRA Income

Yet another potential area where states can generate tax revenue is by taxing retirement accounts such as 401(k) plans, individual retirement accounts (IRAs), and Thrift Savings Plans (TSPs). In all, there are 13 states that don’t levy taxes on retirement income derived from these sources:

•   Alaska

•   Florida

•   Illinois

•   Iowa

•   Mississippi

•   Nevada

•   New Hampshire

•   New Hampshire

•   Pennsylvania

•   South Dakota

•   Tennessee

•   Texas

•   Washington

•   Wyoming

35 States That Don’t Tax Retirement Income From the Military

There are certain states that tax military retirement income, but most do not. In all, 35 states don’t tax military retirement income, including those that don’t have income taxes, and others that have specifically carved out exceptions for military retirement income.

•   Alabama

•   Alaska

•   Arizona

•   Arkansas

•   Connecticut

•   Florida

•   Hawaii

•   Illinois

•   Indiana

•   Iowa

•   Kansas

•   Louisiana

•   Maine

•   Massachusetts

•   Michigan

•   Minnesota

•   Mississippi

•   Missouri

•   Nebraska

•   Nevada

•   New Hampshire

•   New Jersey

•   New York

•   North Carolina

•   North Dakota

•   Ohio

•   Oklahoma

•   Pennsylvania

•   South Dakota

•   Tennessee

•   Texas

•   Washington

•   West Virginia

•   Wisconsin

•   Wyoming

9 States That Don’t Tax Retirement Income

As covered, there are a lot of different tax levels and tax types — some include different types of retirement income, some just involve plain old income tax itself. As such, it’s not really easy to determine which states don’t tax retirement income whatsoever. But if you were to boil it down to a list that accurately answers the question “which states don’t tax retirement income,” it would mirror the short list of states that don’t tax income at all.

•   Alaska

•   Florida

•   Nevada

•   South Dakota

•   Tennessee

•   Texas

•   Washington

•   Wyoming

In addition, as mentioned above, while New Hampshire does tax certain types of income, it doesn’t really tax most forms of retirement income. So if you live in this state, your Social Security benefits and pension benefits can go further when it comes to covering your retirement expenses.

5 States With Low Retirement Income Taxes

Taking everything into account — taxes on income, pensions, Social Security, military retirement income, and more — there are several states that offer retirees relatively low retirement income taxes. Aside from the nine that don’t tax income at all, these states may be a good option for seniors, as they offer low retirement income taxes in one form or another:

•   Alabama

•   Georgia

•   Mississippi

•   Pennsylvania

•   Washington

Which States Have the Lowest Overall Tax Burden on Retirees?

Again, there is a lot to consider when trying to determine an overall tax burden, especially on retirees. But if you were to whittle down a list of a handful of states in which the tax burden is the absolute least on retirees? It would come down to the states with the overall smallest income tax burden, and a few other factors.

Delaware

Delaware hasn’t been discussed much, and though it does have state income taxes, a few other factors make it particularly appealing for retirees. Specifically, its state income tax rate tends to be relatively low (2.2% – 6.6%), and it has low property taxes, no sales taxes, and no applicable estate taxes.

Nevada

Nevada is a state with no state income taxes — a big win for retirees — and that also has relatively low property taxes, and no estate taxes. It also doesn’t tax income from most retirement accounts, or military retirement income.

Wyoming

Wyoming is similar to Nevada in that it has no state income taxes, low property taxes, and no estate taxes. There are applicable sales taxes, but it’s a drop in the bucket compared to the overall tax burdens seen in other states.

Can You Have Dual State Residency?

Generally, most people are residents of just one state. It is possible, however, to have dual residency in two different states. This can happen if you live in each state for part of the year to attend school or to work.

For example, the state of Virginia distinguishes between residents who maintain a home in the state for 183 days or more during the year and domiciliary residents who claim Virginia as their legal state of residence. Under state law, it’s possible to be a resident of Virginia and a domiciliary resident of another state.

For instance, a college student from California who lives in Virginia during the school year would be a dual resident. However, you can have only one domicile — in this example, it would be California.

If you live and earn taxable income in two different states during the year, you may have to file tax returns in both those states unless a reciprocity agreement exists. Reciprocity agreements protect taxpayers who work in states other than the one in which they’re legal residents from being hit with double taxation.

What to Consider Before Moving to a Tax-Friendly State

Moving to a state that doesn’t tax pensions and Social Security could yield income tax savings, but it’s important to consider the bigger financial picture. Paying no or fewer income taxes on retirement benefits may not be much of a bargain if you’re stuck paying higher property taxes, or your heirs are left with steep inheritance taxes, for instance.

Also, consider the overall cost of living. If everyday essentials such as housing, food, and gas are higher in a state that has no income tax, then your retirement benefits may have less purchasing power overall. If costs end up being higher than you anticipated, you might end up working after retirement to fill any retirement income shortfalls.

The Takeaway

There are a number of states that tend to be more tax-friendly for retirees, and those generally include the states that don’t levy any income taxes. That list comprises states such as Alaska, Nevada, Texas, Florida, and Tennessee. But there are other potential taxes to take into consideration, and states all have different tax rules in regards to pensions, retirement accounts, capital gains, and more.

As such, if you’re hoping to save on taxes during retirement, you’ll need to do a little digging into the specifics to see what might affect you, given your unique financial picture. It’s wise to take into account other tax types as well (property taxes, etc.), and overall cost of living. Doing a thorough cost-benefit analysis before making a decision to move could be beneficial.

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See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance.

FAQ

What is the most tax-friendly state to retire in?

The most tax-friendly states for retirees are states that don’t tax pensions and Social Security, and have a low tax-profile overall for sales and property tax. Some of the best states for retirees who want to avoid high taxes include Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Nevada, and South Dakota.

Which states have no 401(k) tax?

States that do not tax 401(k) distributions are generally the same states that don’t tax income. Those states include Alaska, Florida, Nevada, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and Wyoming. New Hampshire and Washington don’t tax 401(k) distributions either.

Which states do not tax pensions?

States that do not tax pensions include the nine states that have no income tax — Alaska, Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming. Additionally, six states — Alabama, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Mississippi, and Pennsylvania — exclude pension income from state taxation.

How can I avoid paying taxes on retirement income?

The simplest way to avoid paying taxes on retirement income is to move to a state that has the smallest applicable tax burden on retirement income sources. That would include the short list of seven states that don’t have any sorts of state income tax. You can also consult a professional.

Which states are tax-free for Social Security?

There are a grand total of 41 states that don’t tax Social Security benefits, and that list includes the nine states that don’t tax income at all.

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Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Americans are spending more money to eat out than they do for groceries. According to USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture) data, in the most recent year studied, 58.5% of money spent on food went toward food away from home, and the remaining 41.5% went toward food at home.

These expenses can be tweaked to stick to a budget, if needed. While cooking meals at home can be time-consuming, there are ways to make the process easier. And when you do eat out, there are a few simple steps you can take to save money.

Cooking at Home vs Eating Out: How They Stack Up

The pros and cons of eating at home vs. eating out have long been debated. As you’re deciding between the two, here are some factors to consider.

Is It More Expensive to Eat Out?

Because of inflation, grocery prices have been on the rise over the past year, though not as much as eating out. According to USDA data, the cost of food at home rose 1.2% in 2024, while the cost of food away from home rose 4.1%. That percentage for food at home is a bit below the usual figure, while the change for food away from home outpaced the typical annual statistic. That means dining out may drain your checking account more quickly than eating at home would.

Also, of course, eating out can involve additional charges vs. eating at home. You might have to pay for parking or transportation to the restaurant, you might order a pricey cocktail (or pay for bottled water), and then there will likely be a tip left as well. These can be reasons why eating at home can cost around $4-$6 per person, while dining out can be $15 or significantly more per person.

Is it Healthier to Eat at Home?

When you cook at home, you’re able to control what goes into each dish. You can easily make adjustments like reducing the amount of butter or using milk instead of cream.

And if you have any dietary restrictions or allergies, you don’t have to worry about consuming something you shouldn’t when you cook for yourself.

Research has shown that cooking at home typically leads to healthier choices. Generally, the more people cook at home, the healthier their diet, and the fewer calories they consume.

It can also be financially healthy to eat at home. For instance, you can cook with ingredients you have on hand or design your menu around what’s on sale at the supermarket. These moves can help you save on groceries.

How Much Time Will It Take to Cook at Home?

There’s no way around it, cooking can be time-consuming. But it also takes time to go out to eat or pick up a takeout order.

If you’re trying to do more cooking, don’t overextend yourself upfront. If you’re used to dining out several nights a week, pick one or two nights to make dinner at home. You can gradually increase the frequency to three nights a week, and so on.

Cooking is like any other skill. The more you do it, the better you’ll get. Find some go-to recipes that are easy to prepare and affordable. For instance, sheet pan dinners can be great for those with a hectic schedule. Stock your pantry with the essentials so you’ll have all the staples you need on hand. (Tip: Shopping at wholesale clubs can reduce the costs of those staples.)

Over time, you’ll become more comfortable in the kitchen, and what used to take you a half hour to do, will take you just minutes. Plus, you’ll be rewarded with a delicious meal you made yourself. Now you’ve maximized your time and money!

Recommended: Guide to Practicing Financial Self-Care

Tips for Saving Money While Dining Out

Going to your favorite restaurant is one of life’s little pleasures. And you don’t have to give it up. There are a few ways to curb your spending, and manage your money, while still enjoying a great meal. Here are some simple strategies that could help reduce your bill.

1. Not Ordering a Drink

Skip the drink the next time you want to cut down on your restaurant tab. Restaurants tend to substantially mark-up the prices of drinks. They may charge two to three times the bottle cost for craft beer, for instance.

Or, if you want to treat yourself to one drink, spend wisely by sticking to just one and really savor it.

2. Skipping Dessert

A lot of the mark-up for desserts goes toward labor costs. A talented, creative pastry chef can be expensive to keep on staff. As a result, many high-volume casual restaurants outsource their desserts.

One creative way to save money is to eat your dinner out and then have dessert at home.

3. Sharing a Meal

Portion sizes at restaurants tend to be oversized. Share a salad and an entree with your dining mate to cut costs and calories. (You can use a peer-to-peer transfer app to split the bill.)

If your friend or family isn’t interested in sharing, save half of your meal for lunch or dinner the next day.

4. Go During Happy Hour

Instead of meeting friends for dinner, join up for happy hour instead. You can catch up over drinks and an appetizer or two, while enjoying discounted happy hour prices. You’ll get the experience of eating out, and pay less for it. You can put the money you save in your bank account.

5. Ordering an Appetizer as Your Meal

Instead of a full entree, order from the appetizer menu instead. These items typically cost less and may come in smaller portion sizes, too.

6. Limiting the Number of Times You Eat Out

If you go to restaurants a lot, you could start to cut back. For example, you could save eating out for once or twice a week. Not only does that make it feel more special, you can savor every bite without blowing your budget.

Recommended: 10 Personal Finance Basics

The Takeaway

Eating out can be expensive, but there are ways to trim costs so that you can enjoy your food without stressing over the bill. For instance, skipping extras like dessert can keep the price down. And eating at home a little more often could help you save money — and may be healthier as well. With a bit of effort, you can likely hold onto more of your cash when paying for food.

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Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 3.80% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

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As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 3.80% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

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This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

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