Does a Background Check for Employment Affect Your Credit Score?
You’ve been offered a job, and everything is falling nicely into place — until your potential employer tells you they need to do a background screening, which will include running a credit check. Your credit score isn’t where you want it to be, and suddenly, you’re very concerned. Will they rescind the offer based on your finances?
For positions outside the banking and finance world, your credit report will likely have zero effect on whether you get the position. And background checks for employment don’t affect your credit score.
Read on to learn the common types of background checks employers run and why they may want to look at your creditworthiness.
Table of Contents
Key Points
• Most employers (about 96%) run some type of background check to verify identity, experience, and honesty during hiring.
• Employment-related credit checks are “soft inquiries,” meaning they don’t affect your credit score.
• For most jobs outside finance or banking, your credit report usually has little to no impact on hiring decisions.
• Employers may review credit history to assess potential financial risk, especially for roles involving money or sensitive data.
• Job applicants must give written consent for background checks and have the right to review and dispute any incorrect information.
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What Is a Background Check?
Not all job applicants are completely honest during the interview process. For that reason, many companies run some type of background check on prospective employees. According to a report by the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM), 96% of employers in the U.S. conduct some type of background screening as part of the hiring process.
Employers order background checks not only to verify your identity but also to confirm you’re telling the truth about certain things, including your past employment, academic credentials, and whether you have a criminal record. Similarly, banks run credit checks for new checking accounts mainly to verify your identity and rule out identity theft and fraud. This shouldn’t usually affect your credit score.
Preemployment screening is typically conducted by a professional background check company hired by the employer. These third-party firms have access to resources and tools the average employer doesn’t, so they can deliver a more comprehensive report in a shorter amount of time.
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What Are Employers Looking Out For?
Hiring managers are looking to avoid bringing someone on board who’s unqualified or poses any kind of risk to their business. Without any official vetting, the wrong candidate could result in financial damage to the company or make the workplace less safe for other employees.
By doing a background check, companies can reduce property damage, employee theft, and liability and legal costs incurred by hiring unqualified, uncredentialed people. Companies also hope to avoid employees who have exhibited threatening behavior toward coworkers in the past.
When companies order a credit check for employment, it’s to get an idea of whether the candidate might show signs of financial problems.
Having excessive debt and using a lot of your available credit could signal financial hardship and distress. An employer may see candidates with high outstanding debt or maxed-out credit cards as having an increased likelihood of committing theft or fraud.
How a Background Check Affects Your Credit Score
The good news is, an employer background credit check won’t affect your credit or FICO® score at all. Why? It’s considered a soft inquiry, which pulls most of your financial information for data purposes as opposed to a hard inquiry, which can take points off your score. That’s because hard checks generally take place when a financial institution looks at your score to determine whether or not to issue you a loan or a credit card.
As mentioned earlier, an employer-requested credit report will be modified, listing your credit utilization rate, any past or current bankruptcy, available lines of credit, auto or student loans, and credit card payment history.
The credit report the employer sees won’t show other soft inquiries, so they can’t see if other employers have checked on you.
You, however, can see the soft inquiries if you request your own credit report. You could even sign up for a free credit-monitoring service to keep tabs on your credit on an ongoing basis. A money-tracker app can give you ongoing insights into your financial health.
7 Types of Background Checks
There are many different types of background screenings employers use to vet job candidates. The employer may use one or a combination of checks depending on their needs and concerns. Here are seven kinds of background checks a company may use to screen a new hire:
Identity Verification
This type of check is usually one of the first stages of a background check because an employer wants to first know that the person is who they claim to be. An ID verification confirms the candidate’s name, age, address, and Social Security number to rule out any aliases or stolen identity.
Criminal Screening
A criminal record check enables the employer to make an informed decision about whether or not the employee will pose a threat to their company, clients, and employees. It’s especially important if the person will have access to financial information, security responsibilities, or work alongside vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and children.
Criminal background checks typically include county, state, or federal records of any arrests, convictions for felonies and misdemeanors, outstanding arrest warrants, sex offenses, incarceration records, and any acquittals, pending, or dismissed charges.
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Credit Check
It may not be relevant to run a credit check for every potential new hire. An employer may feel it’s necessary for positions involving a security clearance, proximity to money, sensitive customer data, or confidential company information. And they’re not really interested in knowing whether you have a fair credit score.
A credit check may raise certain red flags that employers want to avoid, especially if it’s a job in the banking or finance sector. Many late payments can indicate you have trouble managing your money, aren’t responsible and organized, or can’t live up to agreements. As mentioned previously, these credit checks won’t affect your credit score, nor will the employer be able to see your score.
You may want to see if your state or city allows employer credit checks. Currently, 11 states (California, Colorado, Connecticut, Hawaii, Illinois, Maryland, Nevada, New York State, Oregon, Vermont, and Washington) and the District of Columbia have passed laws restricting these types of credit checks. New York City, Chicago, Philadelphia, and several other jurisdictions have similar laws.
By the way, credit-monitoring services can alert you when someone has run a hard inquiry on your credit.
Motor Vehicle Records
When an employee may be expected to drive company vehicles or transport clients and customers, the employer will want to review the candidate’s driving record to ensure they’re hiring a safe and responsible person.
A driving record check will show the person’s driving history, including any past license suspensions or revocations, vehicular crimes, accident record, DUI convictions, and any car insurance lapses. The motor vehicle report will also reveal the number of points someone has on their license.
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Professional License and Education
Some people may exaggerate or even give false professional credentials, claiming they’re licensed by an official agency, attended a certain school, or have a specific academic degree, certain training, or certifications, thinking no one will really bother to check. But not so fast. Employers can and, in many cases, do fact-check these claims.
Not verifying stated qualifications could lead to hiring a candidate who isn’t professionally qualified for the job. And hiring someone without the skills and education needed can make the company vulnerable to lawsuits and other problems. The education verification process involves checking with universities, colleges, vocational schools, and high schools to confirm enrollment, dates of attendance, the type of degree obtained, and graduation date, among other details.
With professional licenses, background screening companies generally contact organizations to check if the person is licensed and is a bona fide member. They will make sure the membership is in good standing and hasn’t lapsed or expired.
Fingerprint Check
Along with the criminal check, fingerprint checks are used to reveal any criminal arrests, charges, or details about prior case results. Unlike other screenings, fingerprint checks require the potential employee to actively participate in the process by having their fingerprints scanned.
Fingerprint checks are often required in regulated industries such as financial services, government or criminal justice agencies, jobs requiring security clearance, and healthcare, where a candidate may be responsible for someone who’s vulnerable, such as a child or an elderly person.
E-Verify
E-Verify is a government-run, web-based system through which employers can confirm an individual’s employment eligibility. Verification is based on data taken from an employee’s Form I-9 and Employment Eligibility Verification and compared to records available to the Social Security Administration and U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
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How to Prepare for a Background Check by a Potential Employer
First, be honest, including on your job application and resume and during the interview process. Bring up anything you think might concern your employer before they do a background check. You can also do a background check on yourself to see if there are any discrepancies or mistakes in your records that you can clear up. You can order one from a provider such as TruthFinder.com.
In terms of your credit report, if you’re concerned that an employer may have some issues, it’s a good idea to review yours in case there’s something you need to correct or resolve. The three main credit-reporting bureaus are Experian®, TransUnion®, and Equifax®.
You can access your credit report for free by going to AnnualCreditReport.com, a federally mandated site. Banks sometimes rely on a tri-merge credit report to see a roundup of all three, but consumers usually don’t have access to this type of report.
What Are Your Legal Rights as a Job Applicant?
According to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), employers must obtain your written permission before they can run a background check. You have the right to say no, but bear in mind that this could result in your not getting hired.
When employers use a third party to conduct a background check, including credit, criminal record, and past employment, the background check is covered by the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA).
Under this law, employees have the right to:
• Be informed of the background check
• Provide consent for the background check
• Review information pertaining to their personal and financial information
• Correct any inaccuracies the report may contain
• Appeal decisions if the applicant feels the decision was made unfairly
Laws in your city or state may impact whether, or when, employers can ask about and run a background check for your criminal or credit history. Before you fill out an application, check the laws in your state.
Can You Get a Copy of the Background Check?
Yes, the FCRA states you have the right to a copy of the background check from the company that prepared it. The name of the agency was likely on the consent form you signed, but if you can’t remember it, ask the employer to supply it. The screening agency should be able to provide you with a complimentary copy in a timely manner.
The Takeaway
Background checks have become a pretty routine part of the hiring process. These screenings can include a simple ID verification, a driving or criminal record check, and pulling your credit report. Although it can be worrisome to know your employer is checking on your credit, they’ll see an overview of your financial picture but not your actual credit score. Since it’s a “soft pull,” your credit score number won’t change.
By knowing where you might be most vulnerable, you can prepare yourself by maintaining good records, being honest about your work and education history, and conducting your own background check to clear up any inaccuracies or potential problems.
Getting your finances on track starts with your credit score. Free credit monitoring is available with SoFi’s money tracker app. All you have to do is sign up (it takes just minutes) and start getting insights into your financial health.
FAQ
Can a background credit check affect my credit score?
No, employment-related credit checks are considered soft inquiries and don’t impact your credit score. They simply allow employers to review certain financial details without affecting your credit standing.
Can a job offer be rescinded due to bad credit?
Yes, an employer can withdraw the job offer for almost any reason, including your credit report; however, they can’t rescind the offer due to discrimination based on gender, race, or disability. If you think this could be a reason, consider talking to an attorney. Otherwise, you can express your disappointment to the hiring manager and request more details on why they made their decision, which could provide an opportunity to get a clear explanation.
What does an employer check show?
Employment background checks are typically performed to see an employee’s job history, check if they have a criminal record, and verify their identity. A screening may also include validating education and/or professional qualifications, driving records, and/or credit history.
Do background checks show up on a credit report?
When a company requests a credit check as part of employment screening, it’s considered a soft inquiry. Since soft inquiries aren’t linked to an application for new credit, they’re only visible to you when you view your credit reports.
Why do employers run background checks on job candidates?
Employers use background checks to verify identity, confirm qualifications, and assess potential risks, such as criminal history or dishonesty. This helps them avoid hiring unqualified candidates and reduce potential legal or financial issues.
Photo credit: iStock/MissTuni
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