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A Guide to Refinancing Student Loans

Upon graduating, the average student loan borrower has just over $37,000 in student loan debt. Meanwhile, the average graduate student holds significantly more — sometimes up to hundreds of thousands of dollars.

If you’re tired of paying hundreds or even thousands of dollars toward student loan debt, there’s some good news: You can apply for student loan refinancing. Refinancing through a private lender could give you the opportunity to lower the interest rates on your loans and save money over the life of the loan. However, you do lose access to federal benefits, so make sure you fully understand how refinancing works before moving forward.

How Student Loan Refinancing Works

Student loan refinancing is the process of paying off your existing loan loans with a new loan. Ideally, the new loan would have a better interest rate or better terms. For example, the borrower may want to switch from a fixed rate to a variable rate or extend the term in order to lower their monthly payments. (Note: You may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term.)

To understand why a borrower might refinance, it helps to first understand the major parts of a student loan. Every student loan is comprised of the following variables:

1.    The value of the loan (the “principal”)

2.    The interest rate on the loan

3.    The repayment period (also known as the loan’s term)

When a borrower refinances their student loan(s), they are typically looking to change either the second or third list item, or both. Keep in mind that refinancing means forfeiting federal loan benefits such as income-based repayment plans, deferment, and forbearance.

How to Refinance Student Loans in 7 Steps

If you’re considering refinancing your student loans, you’ll want to compare lenders and select the loan with the best interest rate and term. Once you choose a lender, you’ll apply for the loan and start making payments to the new lender. Here’s a more in-depth look at how to refinance your student loans in seven steps.

1. Should You Refinance Student Loans?

The first question you need to ask yourself is, “Should I refinance my student loans?” To answer the question, you need to understand more about student loans and the specific types of student loans you have. Student loans come in two main varieties: federal and private.

Federal student loans are backed by the U.S. government’s Department of Education. These are the loans that borrowers apply for using the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®) form. Private loans, on the other hand, are obtained through a bank, credit union, or other lender, and they are not backed by the U.S. government.

Determine which types of loans you have and which ones you’re wanting to refinance. Federal student loans, for example, can be consolidated into one loan with one monthly payment, known as a Direct Consolidation Loan. If you’re planning on using federal benefits, this option could be the best. If you want to refinance private loans only or federal and private loans, a traditional student loan refinance is what you’ll need. Keep in mind, though, that you will lose access to federal benefits when refinancing with a private lender.

Recommended: Consolidate vs Refinance Student Loans

Always be sure to ask whether a student loan refinancing company can refinance the types of loans that you currently have. Next, use that information to ask yourself the following questions:

1. Am I planning on using a student loan forgiveness program?

Because refinancing is the process of paying off your existing loans with a new, private loan, you will lose any access to the programs offered by federal loan programs, such as student loan forgiveness or income-driven repayment.

If you are currently working towards student loan forgiveness, you’ll probably want to think twice before refinancing your federal student loans.

2. Am I currently using an income-driven repayment plan?

Flexible repayment plans, such as one of the income-driven repayment plans, are another offering by the federal government on federal student loans. Private loans don’t generally offer any such programs. If you need to keep your monthly payments low and have exclusively federal student loans, refinancing might not be right for you. Refinancing with a private lender forfeits your access to the government’s income-based repayment plans.

3. Am I planning on using a forbearance or deferment program?

Both forbearance and deferment allow the borrower to suspend their payments for a period of time and for a variety of reasons, such as economic hardship or military service. Student loan forbearance and deferment are for federal student loans only. If you think you may need this benefit in the future, it may not be best to refinance with a private lender.

4. Do I have a good or great financial history?

When you refinance your student loans, your lender will base your interest rate off of your credit score, credit profile, debt-to-income ratio, payment history, and other financial data. If your credit score is less than ideal, you may not qualify for a lower interest rate, which could defeat the purpose of refinancing. It’s best to be aware of where you stand credit-wise before moving forward with a refinance.

2. Prepare Your Personal Financial Information

If you decide that refinancing is right for you, it’s a good idea to shop around at different lenders to check their rates. Before you do that, you’ll want to have your basic personal financial information ready. In general, potential lenders need some combination of the following information to give you a quote:

•   Name

•   Address

•   University

•   Degree

•   Total student loan debt

•   Debt-to-income ratio

•   Credit score estimate

The information a borrower needs to provide varies from lender to lender, but this is the basic idea.

3. Compare Lenders

Because student loan refinancing companies set their own rates and terms, it is important to do some shopping around. Not only will you want to get rate quotes, but you may also want to ask questions, such as:

•   Are there other fees, such as origination fees?

•   Is there a prepayment penalty if I want to pay my loan off early?

•   Can the lender refinance both federal and private loans?

•   Is there a forbearance program if I am laid off from my job?

•   How do I access customer service?

•   What is the loan application timeline?

If a company interests you, you can submit the information you gathered from Step 2. With this information, the lender will likely run a soft credit check. This should not affect your credit score, but make sure the lender guarantees it won’t.

If you meet a lender’s eligibility requirements, they’ll generally provide you with multiple offers, including offers with different term lengths and interest rates (both fixed and variable rates).

4. Choose a Lender and Loan

After you’ve had the chance to review both the loan offers and the lenders themselves, it’s time to decide.

While many borrowers gravitate toward the loan with the lowest interest rate, it is worth remembering that the lowest rate might not amount to the lowest amount of total interest paid on a loan.

The longer the loan’s term, the more interest a borrower will pay. For example, if you have a loan term of 10 years, you’ll have to pay off the entire loan balance plus the interest that was accrued over the 10 years. But, if you extend your loan term 20 years, that means 10 more years of interest accruing on your loan.

Also, a loan that charges an origination fee could end up costing more than a loan with a higher rate of interest that does not charge an origination fee. Often, an origination fee is added to the balance of the loan, with the interest rate calculated on top of this new figure.

5. Gather Necessary Documents

Once you’ve chosen a lender and a loan, you’ll submit documentation that supports the information you provided during the initial rate check, as well as identifying information.

Although it will vary by lender, you’ll likely need some combination of the following:

•   Proof of citizenship

•   Valid ID number

•   Paystubs, tax returns, or other income verification

•   Statements for all of the loans you are planning to refinance

If you are applying for a refinance with a cosigner, they will need to provide this information, as well.

6. Apply

Once you’ve gathered all your documentation, it’s time to apply for your new refinance loan. Upon turning this information into the lender, they typically run a hard credit check and send the application through a final approval process.

A lender should inform you if any of your documentation is missing, but you may want to check back in after a few days if you haven’t heard from a customer service representative.

7. Waiting for Approval

Once you’ve applied for the loan and submitted all your documentation, all that’s left to do is wait for your approval. How long this process takes will depend on the lender, but it could be as short as 24 hours and as long as a couple of weeks. Check with each lender to be sure.

Once your loan is approved, consider signing up for autopay (if they offer it and you haven’t already). Many lenders offer a discounted rate for borrowers who allow payments to be automatically deducted from their accounts.

Pros and Cons of Refinancing Student Loans

As with anything, there are both pros and cons of refinancing student loans. While you could receive a lower interest rate and lower monthly payment, you will lose access to federal benefits and programs.

Pros and Cons of Refinancing Student Loans

Pros

Cons

Lower interest rate possible Lose access to federal forgiveness and repayment programs
Lower monthly payment possible May pay more in interest over the life of the loan
Switch from fixed to variable rate, or vice versa Fees may be charged
Can change the loan term Lose any remaining grace periods
Condense multiple loans into one loan with one payment Must have good credit to qualify for the best rates

Refinancing Student Loans With SoFi

And there, you’ve done it. You’ve learned how to refinance your student loans in seven steps. If you decide that refinancing is right for you, SoFi offers an easy online application, competitive rates, no fees, and other member benefits such as career coaching and financial advice.

Prequalify for a refinance loan with SoFi in just two minutes.

FAQ

Does refinancing student loans mean the same thing as consolidating student loans?

Refinancing and consolidating student loans are similar and often used interchangeably, but they do mean different things. A student loan refinance is done through a private lender and combines multiple federal and/or private loans into one loan with one monthly payment. With this type of financing, you lose access to federal benefits. A student loan consolidation, on the other hand, is done through the U.S. Department of Education and combines multiple federal loans into one. Your payment does not typically decrease, but you do keep access to federal benefits and streamline your monthly payments into one.

Can refinancing a student loan help to pay off debt faster?

Yes, refinancing student loans can help you pay off your student loan debt quicker. Ideally, you’ll reduce your interest payment and shorten the length of your loan. This allows you to pay less money in interest overall and get rid of your debt as soon as possible.

What are the downsides of refinancing student loans?

The biggest downside to refinancing student loans is losing access to federal benefits, repayment plans, and forgiveness programs. However, if you are in a field that’s not eligible for forgiveness and you don’t plan on needing a deferment or forbearance, it could be worth the savings to move forward with a refinance. As always, it’s best to heavily weigh the pros and cons for your specific situation before moving forward.


To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. A hard credit pull, which may impact your credit score, is required if you apply for a SoFi product after being pre-qualified.
Notice: SoFi refinance loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers such as Income Based Repayment or Income Contingent Repayment or PAYE. SoFi always recommends that you consult a qualified financial advisor to discuss what is best for your unique situation.
The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
If you are a federal student loan borrower, you should consider all of your repayment opportunities including the opportunity to refinance your student loan debt at a lower APR or to extend your term to achieve a lower monthly payment. Please note that once you refinance federal student loans you will no longer be eligible for current or future flexible payment options available to federal loan borrowers, including but not limited to income-based repayment plans or extended repayment plans.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Direct vs Indirect Student Loans: What’s the Difference?

Federal student loans could be either Direct Loans or “indirect loans” until 2010, when Congress voted to eliminate the latter. Yet many borrowers of indirect loans, also known as Federal Family Education Loans (FFELs), continue to struggle with repayment.

The big difference between the loan types — and point of contention — was the source of the funding.

Indirect vs Direct Student Loans

Indirect Student Loans

The Federal Family Education Loan Program was funded by private lenders (banks, credit unions, etc.), but guaranteed by the federal government. The program ended in 2010, and loans are now made through the Federal Direct Loan Program.

The government didn’t directly insure FFEL Program loans. Instead, it acted through a guarantor, which paid the lender if the borrower defaulted. Then, the government reimbursed the guarantor.

When it came to questions about payment, borrowers dealt with the lender, the guarantor, the servicer, or a collection agency — not the government.

Direct Student Loans

With a Direct Loan, made through the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program, the funds come directly from the U.S. Department of Education, which gets the money from the U.S. Treasury. The loans are made by the Department of Education and backed by the federal government.

Direct Loans consist of Direct Subsidized and Direct Unsubsidized Loans (also called Stafford Loans), Direct PLUS Loans, and Direct Consolidation Loans.

Recommended: Types of Federal Student Loans

Before 2010, every school made its own decision about whether to participate in a direct or indirect loan program, or possibly both. But there were some differences in interest rates, fees, and repayment options.

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What Kind of Loans Do You Have?

If you’re thinking about how to best address your student loan debt, it’s important to know what kind of loan or loans you have, including whether they are Direct Loans or FFELs. You want to see who your loan servicers are, your loan amounts, your interest rates, your terms, and your monthly payments. Getting a baseline is crucial for determining next steps.

Repaying FFEL Program Loans

Even though indirect student loans ended on June 30, 2010, there are still 3.55 million borrowers who hold $94.8 billion in FFEL loans as of 2023.

Borrowers must consolidate their FFEL loans before they can apply for one of the four common income-driven repayment plans, which forgive any loan balance after 20 or 25 years of payments.

They also must consolidate loans to apply for Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), which allows some members of the military, classroom teachers, social workers, and nonprofit and government employees to have certain loan balances eliminated after 120 on-time payments.

Here’s more on repayment options, including the only income-driven repayment plan tailored to FFEL borrowers.

Income-Sensitive Repayment Plan

Only borrowers with a high debt-to-income ratio will qualify for this FFEL repayment plan. The lender determines the monthly payment based on your total gross income, not adjusted gross.

Consolidating Your Loans

Consolidating loans with a federal Direct Consolidation Loan can increase the amount of interest that is paid over the life of the loan. If you decide to lengthen your payment period (for example, from 10 to 20 or even 30 years), your monthly payment may be lower, but the total interest you’ll pay over the life of the loan will most likely be higher.

Consolidation isn’t necessarily a money-saving option over an extended time period. And the interest rate on a Direct Consolidation Loan is the weighted average of the borrower’s current federal loans, rounded up to the nearest one-eighth of a percentage point. So, the rate actually might rise slightly.

If you don’t have any indirect loans, you still can consider consolidating your Direct Student Loans. (Note that only federal student loans, not private student loans, are eligible for consolidation into a Direct Consolidation Loan.)

Refinancing Your Loans

Another option is to apply to refinance your student loans — federal, private, or both — into one new loan through a private lender.

Before deciding to refinance, it’s important to note that you lose access to federal benefits. This includes the ability to delay payments if you run into certain hardships and apply for federal loan forgiveness programs. But, if you don’t plan on using those, you could gain a chance at a lower interest rate with a refinance.

If you have a solid debt-to-income ratio after graduation and have built your credit profile since you first took out your student loans — and you don’t foresee a need for PSLF or an income-based repayment program — refinancing might help lower your payment without extending the length of your loan via a lower interest rate.

You can see exactly if and how much you could save with SoFi’s student loan refinancing calculator.

The Takeaway

More than 3.5 million borrowers are repaying FFEL Program loans as of 2023. The last of these “indirect loans” were issued in 2010, when federal Direct Loans largely took over. Whether you’re repaying an FFEL loan, Direct Loan, or private loan, it’s a good idea to learn your options and figure out which makes the most sense for your situation.

If you decide to refinance your student loans, SoFi offers an easy online application, no origination fees, and competitive fixed or variable rates.

See if you prequalify with SoFi in just a few minutes.


SoFi Student Loan Refinance
If you are a federal student loan borrower, you should consider all of your repayment opportunities including the opportunity to refinance your student loan debt at a lower APR or to extend your term to achieve a lower monthly payment. Please note that once you refinance federal student loans you will no longer be eligible for current or future flexible payment options available to federal loan borrowers, including but not limited to income-based repayment plans or extended repayment plans.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Should All Student Loan Debt Be Forgiven?

Editor's Note: For the latest developments regarding federal student loan debt repayment, check out our student debt guide.

Student loans are a significant issue in the United States, where consumers have more than $1.7 trillion in total student loan debt. In 2021, the average federal student loan debt per borrower was just over $37,000. And 20 years after students enter college, half of borrowers still owe $20,000 in student loans.

Broken down by degree levels, the debt increases. Graduate students who receive a degree leave school with an average of nearly $70,000 in debt. Law students are saddled with an average of $180,000; and medical students owe $250,000 on average for total student loan debt.

With so many borrowers and so much debt, it begs the question, “Should all student loan debt be forgiven?”

Who’s in Favor?

By a 2-to-1 margin, voters do support at least some student loans being forgiven, according to a poll from Politico and Morning Consult. And 53% of voters from the same poll support Biden’s extension of student loan payments through August.

Proponents of canceling student loan debt point out that the government is partially responsible for this debt crisis. Because many states slashed higher education funding after the 2008 recession, tuition at both public and private colleges has gone up steeply, and many students have been forced to take out even more in loans.

Unfortunately, the increase in student loan balances hasn’t gone hand in hand with a bump in post-college salary. The result is a national situation where borrowers owe increasingly more in student loans but don’t have the paycheck to aggressively tackle their balances.

Although the government has created income-driven repayment options that seek to keep monthly student loan payments affordable, signing up isn’t without its downsides.

Since these income-driven plans often lengthen loan terms, borrowers may pay significantly more interest on their loans over time. Also, any forgiven balance at the end of their loan term is typically treated as taxable income.

Why Forgiving Student Loan Debt a Isn’t a Slam-Dunk

There are several reasons why forgiving student loan debt may not be a straightforward positive. The first is that, according to U.S. tax laws, debt that’s forgiven is a taxable event. Under income-driven student loan repayment plans, for instance, if you make consistent, on-time payments for the life of the loan (20 or 25 years, depending on when you borrowed), any balance remaining at the end of your loan term is forgiven — but whatever’s forgiven is considered taxable income.

The second issue pundits raise with this plan is that it’s being sold as a stimulus: If the government forgives people’s student loan debt, they’ll put money back into the economy, the thinking goes. But forgiving debt isn’t the same as handing people a check.

And finally, the federal government so far isn’t planning to forgive student loans that borrowers hold with private lenders, which average over $54,000 per borrower.

Alternative Options to Canceling Student Loan Debt

Instead of targeting only student loan borrowers who qualify for relief, the government could provide a stimulus check to all Americans, and Americans could decide for themselves how to use it.

If someone has $10,000 in outstanding student loans, for example, they might prefer to use a check to put a down payment on a house or pay off high-interest credit card debt.

Then there’s the higher education system itself. Canceling or forgiving student loan debt may provide only temporary relief as long as tuition levels continue to rise. As it stands, future generations will be saddled with just as much, if not more, student debt than Americans currently have today.

Tackling Your Student Loan Debt

There’s no telling when or if some form of more long-term relief might appear for student loan borrowers. If you’re struggling under the weight of your student debt, there are strategies that might help:

•   Alternative payment plans: Federal student loans come with a variety of repayment options, one of which might suit your situation.

•   Direction of overpayments: If you make extra payments on your student loans, you may instruct your servicer to apply them to your principal, rather than the next month’s payment plus interest. This will help pay off your loans faster.

•   “Found” money: If you receive a work bonus or tax refund, applying it to your student loans can help reduce your balance faster.

•   Refinancing: Refinancing student loans (private and/or federal) into one new loan with a private lender could lower your monthly payment and interest rate, and make it easier to manage payments. Just know that refinancing federal student loans with a private lender means losing access to federal repayment and forgiveness programs.

Recommended: Can Refinanced Student Loans Still Be Forgiven?

The Takeaway

There is no quick fix for student loan debt, which will take further discussion from stakeholders on all sides.

If you are struggling with your own student loan debt, there are options to consider. You can apply for an income-driven repayment plan, apply for student loan deferment or forbearance on your federal student loans, or refinance your loans with a private lender. Keep in mind, though, that refinancing disqualifies you from federal benefits you may otherwise be eligible for.

If you do decide to refinance, consider SoFi. SoFi has a quick online application process, competitive rates, and no origination fees or prepayment penalties.

See if you prequalify with SoFi in just two minutes.


SoFi Student Loan Refinance
If you are a federal student loan borrower, you should consider all of your repayment opportunities including the opportunity to refinance your student loan debt at a lower APR or to extend your term to achieve a lower monthly payment. Please note that once you refinance federal student loans you will no longer be eligible for current or future flexible payment options available to federal loan borrowers, including but not limited to income-based repayment plans or extended repayment plans.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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How to Calculate a Dividend Payout Ratio

The dividend payout ratio is the ratio of total dividends paid to shareholders relative to the net income of the company. Investors can use the dividend payout formula to gauge what fraction of a company’s net income they could receive in the form of dividends.

While a company will want to retain some earnings to reinvest or pay down debt, the extra profit may be paid out to investors as dividends. As such, investors will want a way to calculate what they can expect if they’re a shareholder.

Understanding Dividends and How They Work

Before calculating potential dividends, investors will want to familiarize themselves with what dividends are, exactly.

A dividend is when a company periodically gives its shareholders a payment in cash, or additional shares of stock, or property. The size of that dividend payment depends on the company’s dividend yield and how many shares you own.

Many investors look to buy stock in companies that pay them as a way to generate regular income in addition to stock price appreciation. A dividend investing strategy is one way many investors look to make money from stocks and build wealth.

Investors can take their dividend payments in cash or reinvest them into their stock holdings. Not all companies pay dividends, and those that do tend to be large, established companies with predictable profits — blue chip stocks, for example. If an investor owns a stock or fund that pays dividends, they can expect a regular payment from that company — typically, each quarter. Some companies may pay dividends more frequently.


💡 Quick Tip: Look for an online brokerage with low trading commissions as well as no account minimum. Higher fees can cut into investment returns over time.

Pros and Cons of Investing in Dividend Stocks

Since dividend income can help augment investing returns, investing in dividend stocks — or, stocks that tend to pay higher than average dividends — is popular among some investors. But engaging in a strategy of purchasing dividend stocks has its pros and cons.

As for the advantages, the most obvious is that investors will receive dividend payments and see bigger potential returns from their holdings. Those dividends, in addition to stock appreciation, allow for two potential ways to generate returns. Another benefit is that investors can set up their dividends to automatically reinvest, meaning that they’re holdings grow with no extra effort.

Potential drawbacks, however, are that dividend stocks may generate a higher tax burden, depending on the specific stocks. You’ll need to look more closely at whether your dividends are “ordinary” or “qualified,” and dig a little deeper into qualified dividend tax rates to get a better idea of what you might end up owing.

Also, stocks that pay higher dividends often don’t see as much appreciation as some other growth stocks — but investors do reap the benefit of a steady, if small, payout.

What Is the Dividend Payout Ratio?

The dividend payout ratio expresses the percentage of income that a company pays to shareholders. Ratios vary widely by company. Some may pay out all of their net income, while others may hang on to a portion to reinvest in the company or pay off debt.

Generally speaking, a healthy range for payout ratios is from 35% to 55%. There are certain circumstances in which a lower ratio might make sense for a company. For example, a relatively young company that plans to expand might reinvest a larger portion of its profits into growth.

How to Calculate a Dividend Payout

Calculating your potential dividend payout is fairly simple: It requires that you know the dividend payout ratio formula, and simply plug in some numbers.

Dividend Payout Ratio Formula

The simplest dividend payout ratio formula divides the total annual dividends by net income, or earnings, from the same period. The equation looks like this:

Dividend payout ratio = Dividends paid / Net income

Again, figuring out the payout ratio is only a matter of doing some plug-and-play with the appropriate figures.

Dividend Payout Ratio Calculation Example

Here’s an example of how to calculate dividend payout using the dividend payout ratio.

If a company reported net income of $120 million and paid out a total of $50 million in dividends, the dividend payout ratio would be $50 million/$120 million, or about 42%. That means that the company retained about 58% of its profits.

Or, to plug those numbers into the formula, it would look like this:

~42% = 50,000,000 / 120,000,000

An alternative dividend payout ratio calculation uses dividends per share and earnings per share as variables:

Dividend payout ratio = Dividends per share / Earnings per share

A third formula uses retention ratio, which tells us how much of a company’s profits are being retained for reinvestment, rather than paid out in dividends.

Dividend payout ratio = 1 – Retention ratio

You can determine the retention ratio with the following formula:

Retention ratio = (Net income – Dividends paid) / Net income

You can find figures including total dividends paid and a company’s net income in a company’s financial statements, such as its earnings report or annual report.

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*Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $25 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.

Why Does the Dividend Payout Ratio Matter?

Dividend stocks often play an important part in individuals’ investment strategies. As noted, dividends are one of the primary ways stock holdings earn money — investors also earn money on stocks by selling holdings that have appreciated in value.

Investors may choose to automatically reinvest the dividends they do earn, increasing the size of their holdings, and therefore, potentially earning even more dividends over time. This can often be done through a dividend reinvestment plan.

But it’s important to be able to know what the ratio results are telling you so that you can make wise decisions related to your investments.

Interpreting Dividend Payout Ratio Results

Learning how to calculate dividend payout and use the payout ratio is one thing. But what does it all mean? What is it telling you?

On a basic level, the dividend payout ratio can help investors gain insight into the health of dividend stocks. For instance, a higher ratio indicates that a company is paying out more of its profits in dividends, and this may be a sign that it is established, or not necessarily looking to expand in the near future. It may also indicate that a company isn’t investing enough in its own growth.

Lower ratios may mean a company is retaining a higher percentage of its earnings to expand its operations or fund research and development, for example. These stocks may still be a good bet, since these activities may help drive up share price or lead to large dividends in the future.


💡 Quick Tip: How to manage potential risk factors in a self directed investment account? Doing your research and employing strategies like dollar-cost averaging and diversification may help mitigate financial risk when trading stocks.

Dividend Sustainability

Paying attention to trends in dividend payout ratios can help you determine a dividend’s sustainability — or, the likelihood a company will continue to pay dividends of a certain size in the future. For example, a steadily rising dividend payout ratio could indicate that a company is on a stable path, while a sudden jump to a higher payout ratio might be harder for a company to sustain.

That’s knowledge that may be put to use when trying to manage your portfolio.

It’s also worth noting that there can be dividend payout ratios that are more than 100%. That means the company is paying out more money in dividends than it is earning — something no company can do for very long. While they may ride out a bad year, they may also have to lower their dividends, or suspend them entirely, if this trend continues.

Dividend Payout Ratio vs Dividend Yield

The dividend yield is the ratio of a stock’s dividend per share to the stock’s current price:

Dividend yield = Annual dividend per share/Current stock price

As an example, if a stock costs $100 and pays an annual dividend of $7 the dividend yield will be $7/$100, or 7%.

Like the dividend payout ratio, dividend yield is a metric investors can use when comparing stocks to understand the health of a company. For example, high dividend yields might be a result of a quickly dropping share price, which may indicate that a stock is in trouble. Dividend yield can also help investors understand whether a stock is valued well and whether it will meet the investor’s income needs or fit with their overall investing strategy.

Dividend Payout Ratio vs Retention Ratio

As discussed, the retention ratio tells investors how much of a company’s profits are being retained to be reinvested, rather than used to pay investors dividends. The formula looks like this:

Retention ratio = (Net income – Dividends paid) / Net income

If we use the same numbers from our initial example, the formula would look like this:

~58% = (120,000,000 – 50,000,000) / 120,000,000

This can be used much in the same way that the dividend payout ratio can, as it calculates the other side of the equation — how much a company is retaining, rather than paying out. In other words, if you can find one, you can easily find the other.

The Takeaway

The dividend payout ratio is a calculation that tells investors how much a company pays out in dividends to investors. Since dividend stocks can be an important component of an investment strategy, this can be useful information to investors who are trying to fine-tune their strategies, especially since different types of dividends have different tax implications.

In addition, the dividend payout ratio can help investors evaluate stocks that pay dividends, often providing clues about company health and long-term sustainability. It’s different from other ratios, like the retention ratio or the dividend yield.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.

FAQ

How do you calculate your dividend payment?

To calculate your exact dividend payment, you’d need to know how many shares you own, a company’s net income, and the number of total outstanding shares. From there, you can calculate dividend per share, and multiply it by the number of shares you own.

Are dividends taxed?

Yes, dividends are taxed, as the IRS considers them a form of income. There may be some slight differences in how they’re taxed, but even if you reinvest your dividend income back into a company, you’ll still generate a tax liability by receiving dividend income.


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1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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Pros & Cons of Charge Cards

Yes, they are usually similar rectangles of plastic, but charge cards and credit cards are actually very different financial products.

Charge cards, unlike credit cards, do not charge interest. Nor do they allow you to carry a balance over from one month to the following one.

In addition, charge cards often feature uncapped spending limits and considerable reward benefits to cardholders. However, it’s not all positive: They typically come with relatively high annual fees.

There are likely pros and cons of using a charge card vs. a credit or debit card. If you learn how each of these payment systems work, it can put you in a better position to decide which card you may want to use at various times and in different situations.

What is a Charge Card?


A charge card is a branded payment card that can be used anywhere the brand is accepted for electronic payment.

Charge cards require a credit application for approval, and typically are only approved for borrowers with good to excellent credit.

Like a credit card, charge cards allow the cardholder to make purchases that can be paid for at a later date.

However, unlike a credit card, which allows the cardholder to carry a revolving balance by making minimum payments each month, charge card balances must be paid in full at the end of each statement cycle.

If you don’t pay the balance at that time, you may not only face hefty late fees (often considerably higher than those you’d see with a credit card).

However, this strict repayment requirement does come with some benefits.

For one thing, most charge cards don’t have a preset spending limit like credit cards do.

That doesn’t mean you can spend an unlimited amount, however. It means that the max amount you can spend changes, depending on your card usage, credit history, financial resources, and other factors.

These limitations can change frequently. You can find out what your spending limit is on the spot online, with a mobile app, or by calling the number on the back of the card.

Charge cards are also known for their generous rewards, including purchase points and/or credits for making a purchase, and sometimes offer double or triple points on dining and travel expenses.

The benefits of a charge card aren’t free, however. Although charge cards don’t charge interest on purchases, since they’re paid off in full at the end of each billing cycle, almost all charge cards do require an annual fee. These fees can range from $95 to $5,000 for a super-premium American Express Black Card.

Recommended: Tips for Using a Credit Card Responsibly

Charge Card vs. Credit Card

Although charge cards and credit cards are similar, the differences between them can make one payment system more appealing than another, depending on your financial situation and spending habits.

Credit cards, like charge cards, allow purchases to be made today and paid for tomorrow — but in this case, “tomorrow” doesn’t necessarily have to mean the end of the billing cycle.

Credit cardholders are able to carry a balance from month to month, sometimes called a revolving balance, which allows the flexibility to pay when you’re able.

However, it’s important to note that credit card companies charge interest on these revolving balances — and the compound nature of that interest means that interest can also be assessed on the interest itself over time.

That’s one reason it’s so easy for credit card debt to spiral–and one reason being forced to pay the bill in full each month, as charge cardholders are, can be an attractive option for those working on their financial self-discipline.

That said, those who have the discipline to pay their credit card bill in full each month can avoid paying interest entirely, since credit card companies only charge interest on revolving balances.

If your credit card doesn’t assess an annual membership or maintenance fee, that means you can use the card to your heart’s delight and never pay a dime more than you spent on your purchases, provided you’re diligent about paying the statement off in full each and every time.

Both credit cards and charge cards often offer additional bonuses and benefits, such as cash-back rewards, points you can use towards purchases, concierge services, and statement credits.

The value of these kinds of rewards often scales with the annual membership fee in both credit and charge cards, so you’ll want to always be sure to read the fine print before signing any paperwork.

Recommended: Secured vs. Unsecured Credit Cards

Charge Card vs. Debit Card


Since a charge card isn’t an extension of long-term credit in the same way a credit card is, it might be tempting to compare it to a debit card. But there are significant differences between these two types of electronic payment systems too.

A debit card, unlike either a charge card or a credit card, is linked to a spending account with real money in it.

Therefore, in most cases, the cardholder can’t spend more than the amount they’ve put into that account. If they do, they may face pricey overdraft fees and have the difference taken out of the next deposit they make.

Debit cards, however, generally don’t involve interest charges or annual fees. They’re simply a shortcut for taking money out of a spending account.

Debit cards are also used to withdraw money from the ATM and can be used at certain point-of-sale terminals to get cash back when the cardholder needs actual dollars in hand.

Recommended: Does Applying For a Credit Card Hurt Your Credit Score

Pros and Cons of Charge Cards


Charge cards, like any other financial product, have both benefits and drawbacks.

While some consumers may enjoy having and using a charge card, others may feel the annual fee is not worth the benefits.

Pros of Charge Cards

•   Because they have to be paid in full each month, charge cards can help avoid a credit card debt spiral.

•   Charge cards have no preset spending cap, which may allow cardholders to make large purchases without having to worry about “maxing out” the card.

•   Charge cards don’t require paying interest (though high fees can be assessed for late payments).

•   Charge cards often offer generous rewards and benefits, such as purchase points, statement credits, and sometimes double or triple points on dining and travel (which can make them a good option for business travelers).

Cons of Charge Cards

•   Many charge cards carry high annual fees, while many fee-free credit and debit cards are available.

•   Charge cards are offered by a limited number of issuers, so there are typically far fewer to choose from than credit cards.

•   As with credit cards, late payments can ding your credit history. With charge cards, however, consistently late payments can be more detrimental to your credit than late credit card payments.

•   You have to pay the whole balance to avoid a late fee (with a credit card, you can typically pay the minimum payment to avoid the late fee).

Alternatives to Using Charge or Credit Cards

The buy-now-pay-later model of purchasing has its advantages, since you can have something in hand before you actually have the funds to cover the cost.

But if you’d rather avoid hefty annual fees and/or paying interest, another way to afford a significant purchase is to start saving ahead of time. You may also want to consider setting up a separate savings account earmarked for that particular savings goal.

For something major you’d like to buy within a couple of years, consider opening an account that offers higher interest than a traditional bank account, but will allow you to access your money when you need it. Good options include a savings account from an online vs. traditional bank, money market account, or a checking and savings account.

To make sure you stay on track with your savings goal, you may also want to set up automatic payments between your spending account and your savings account. For example, you could select a dollar amount (and it’s fine to start small) to be sent each month after your paycheck gets deposited.

The Takeaway

A charge card is a financial product that, like a credit card, allows the cardholder to make purchases now that they then pay for later.

However, unlike credit cards, charge cards don’t allow cardholders to carry a revolving monthly balance — all charges must be paid in full at the end of the billing cycle.

Charge cards also don’t carry preset spending caps (though there may still be some spending limits), and typically assess annual membership fees. But if you enjoy perks, travel frequently, and make the occasional high-ticket purchase, a charge card might be a good fit for you.

If you’d rather avoid annual fees and/or paying interest, you may want to simply save up for that next big purchase.

One way to make saving for a short-term goal a little easier is to sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings Account. SoFi Checking and Savings allows you to spend and save, all in one account. And you’ll pay zero account fees to do it.

Using SoFi Checking and Savings’s Vaults feature, you can separate your spending from your savings while still earning a competitive interest rate on all your money.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall. Enjoy up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.



SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2023 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.


SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.

SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/24/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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