SoFi

There is no shortage of options when deciding where to put your retirement money. Strategies and tools are available to all investors, no matter where you may be in your retirement planning journey.

These options range from DIY to completely hands-off. Investors can break down their choices into three main decisions: the account, the investments, and finally the bank or platform.

Here are your options for your retirement investing strategy—and how to choose between them.

Where To Invest Retirement Money: First, Choose an Account

A typical first choice for an account to save and invest for the long-term is a designated retirement account. There are many different types of retirement plans, including Roth IRAs and employee-sponsored 401(k)s, most of which provide tax incentives to invest for the long haul.

It is important to remember, though, that retirement accounts are just that—accounts. For example, a 401(k) and a Roth IRA are not investments but instead, accounts that hold investments. Said another way, they provide a place where you can invest, but are not themselves an investment. This can be confusing, as many workplace retirement plans also automatically invest contributions made to the account.

Therefore, the decision on which retirement account to use will largely depend on what makes the most sense for your personal tax situation, and which you have access to. Here are some common options.

1. Workplace Retirement Plan

For individuals with access to one, a workplace retirement plan can be a convenient option that offers the benefit of automatic paycheck deduction. Many workplace plans, such as 401(k), 403(b), and SIMPLE (Savings Incentive Match Plan for Employees) IRA accounts, provide an easy place where retirement saving and investing can happen automatically.

As a bonus, many workplace plans offer a company match: when you contribute to your account, they do too. Many investors think of a company match as additional salary or “free money” that will help them reach their goals.

2. Tax-deferred Retirement Account

Tax-deferred retirement accounts, which include traditional IRAs, 401(k)s, and solo 401(k)s and SEP IRAs, offer tax deferral—meaning that you contribute with pre-tax dollars. When you open an IRA (or other similar account), income taxes on all contributions are deferred until you withdraw money, usually in retirement.

One benefit of tax deferral is that an individual might be more likely to have a lower (effective) income tax rate as a retired person, so there may be an advantage to delay taxes.

3. Roth IRA

Neither a Roth IRA or a Roth 401(k) offer tax deferral, so money entering into the account will be subject to income taxes. But that means that the money can be withdrawn tax-free, upon retirement or at other qualified times.

A Roth IRA could be a compelling option for someone looking to supplement their existing workplace plan, or someone who may not have access to an account through work. That said, Roth IRA accounts have income limitations, meaning that a high salary may disqualify you from using one.

There is one universal benefit to using a retirement account—as opposed to a non-retirement investment account—whether it’s tax-deferred or not: Tax-free investment growth. In a non-retirement account, money earned through investing will be subject to an additional tax on investment earnings. Within a retirement account, there is no such tax on any money earned through investing.

4. Non-retirement investment account

Non-retirement investment accounts, such as brokerage accounts or general investing accounts, offer more flexibility in accessing your money than retirement accounts typically do. Typically, an individual can incur penalties if money is removed from their retirement account before age 59 ½. If an investor is planning to retire before this age or would like the flexibility to do so, a non-retirement investment account might be appealing.

Additionally, a non-retirement investment account isn’t subject to the contribution limits of a retirement plan like a 401(k) or a Roth IRA (the latter of which is $7,000 for 2024 and $6,500 for 2023). Some investors may choose to max out retirement accounts and open up a taxable investment account in order to fully fund their retirement goals.

Choose an Investment Strategy

Once an investor has decided where to put retirement money, it is time for the next step, which is how to invest that money. While many workplace retirement plans automatically invest money, it should be viewed as a separate step in the process.

Typically, investors choose (at minimum) a mix of stocks and bonds within their long-term investment portfolios. When contemplating bonds vs. stocks, it’s helpful to think of the differences in this way: Stocks tend to be higher growth, but that growth comes with more risk. On the other hand, bonds have historically lower rates of growth, but are considered to be less risky. An individual may want to determine their personal mix of stocks and bonds by assessing their goals, investing timeline, and risk tolerance.

Once an investor has determined their preferred mix of stocks, bonds, and any other major asset classes (called asset allocation), it is time to determine how to fulfill these allocations. There are several options, ranging from the completely DIY (buying individual stocks, for example) to the completely uninvolved (such as having a professional manage your portfolio).

Individual Stocks

Those who have an inherent interest in picking individual stocks could certainly do so, though it is not a requisite to building an investment portfolio. As you consider if and how to choose your first stock, it also makes sense to look into whether you’re more interested in a concentrated vs. diversified investment portfolio.

Index Funds and ETFs

A common way to invest for retirement is by using mutual funds or exchange-traded funds (ETFs). These funds are, essentially, baskets that hold lots of investments. That basket could hold stocks, bonds, something else entirely, or some combination of different investment types.

Some investors may find buying big baskets of investments easier than attempting to choose individual investments, like stocks. Individuals whose retirement plan automatically invests may already have a combination of funds.

Both mutual funds and ETFs can be either actively managed or “index.” Index funds—whether mutual funds or ETFs—are a popular choice because they are low-cost and often represent a broad swath of the market. For example, it’s possible to buy a low-cost index fund that invests in the entire US stock market. With just a handful of index funds, it may be possible to build a fully diversified portfolio.

Recommended: Are Mutual Funds Good for Retirement?

Target-date Funds

Similarly, there are options that utilize a passive, index fund strategy but that build a portfolio on your behalf. First, retirement target-date funds (also called lifecycle funds) are funds that typically hold other funds (as opposed to individual stocks and bonds) in amounts that are appropriate for your investing timeline—that’s why you pick one that corresponds to your approximate retirement date.

Target-date funds are popular within workplace retirement plans, but it also may be possible to buy into one at the brokerage bank of your choosing. Be sure to check and see whether the fund consists of index funds, which are typically lower cost, or holds managed funds, which generally have higher fees.

Robo-advisor Service

Another hands-off option is to use a digital “robo-advisor” service that manages a portfolio of index funds on your behalf. This option might appeal to those who want a bit more assistance in maintaining a retirement investing strategy. Most of these services encourage a passive, long-term investment strategy.

Generally, you’ll answer questions about your goals, investing timeline, and risk tolerance, which indicates to the service your most suitable investment mix. Then, this strategy is built and maintained for you. Typically, this service comes with an additional cost on top of the cost of the funds used.

The Takeaway

For investors deciding where to put retirement money, choosing a preferred account type and an investment strategy are two ways to get started. With tax-deferred options like 401(k)s and other choices like traditional and Roth IRAs, an investor is likely to find at least one retirement plan account that suits their lifestyle and goals.

In considering possible investment strategies, it’s useful to think about how hands-on one wants to be. Putting together a stock portfolio requires more direct involvement, whereas utilizing robo-advisor services might require less.

Deciding where to invest and with what strategy will help guide an investor’s third and final decision regarding the bank or investing platform.

No matter where and how an individual decides to invest their retirement money, they’re not likely to welcome unnecessary fees. Service fees and other costs embedded in accounts can seriously erode any potential profit earned on an investment.

For investors interested in a DIY approach for retirement investments, a low-cost brokerage bank or trading platform, like SoFi Invest®, may be appealing. With SoFi Invest, members can build out a diversified investment strategy—including stocks and ETFs—without high costs.

For individuals who favor a hands-off approach, a robo-advisor could be the right fit. SoFi Automated Investing builds and maintains a diversified portfolio for investors guided by their personal money goals and smart digital algorithms. Portfolios are built using low-cost ETFs.

SoFi Invest®
The information provided is not meant to provide investment or financial advice. Investment decisions should be based on an individual’s specific financial needs, goals and risk profile. SoFi can’t guarantee future financial performance. Advisory services offered through SoFi Wealth, LLC. SoFi Securities, LLC, member FINRA / SIPC . The umbrella term “SoFi Invest” refers to the three investment and trading platforms operated by Social Finance, Inc. and its affiliates (described below). Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of the platforms below.
Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Automated Investing—The Automated Investing platform is owned by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC Registered Investment Advisor (“Sofi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC, an affiliated SEC registered broker dealer and member FINRA/SIPC, (“SoFi Securities”).
Active Investing—The Active Investing platform is owned by SoFi Securities LLC. Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above, please visit https://www.sofi.com/legal/.
Fund Fees
If you invest in Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) through SoFi Invest (either by buying them yourself or via investing in SoFi Invest’s automated investments, formerly SoFi Wealth), these funds will have their own management fees. These fees are not paid directly by you, but rather by the fund itself. these fees do reduce the fund’s returns. Check out each fund’s prospectus for details. SoFi Invest does not receive sales commissions, 12b-1 fees, or other fees from ETFs for investing such funds on behalf of advisory clients, though if SoFi Invest creates its own funds, it could earn management fees there.
SoFi Invest may waive all, or part of any of these fees, permanently or for a period of time, at its sole discretion for any reason. Fees are subject to change at any time. The current fee schedule will always be available in your Account Documents section of SoFi Invest.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOIN0423027

In times of market or economic uncertainty, investors may turn to alternative investments as a way to mitigate volatility and potentially improve risk-adjusted returns.

While alts come with risks of their own, these investments are not typically correlated with traditional stock and bond markets and can thus offer investors portfolio diversification.

In addition, alternative investments — an umbrella term for assets that fall outside standard stock, bond, and cash options — used to be accessible only to high net-worth and accredited investors. Now alts are available to a range of investors thanks to the emergence of new vehicles that include different types of alternative strategies and assets.

Why Consider Alternative Investments?

Not only are alternative strategies more accessible to ordinary investors today, they offer several ways to add diversification to investors’ portfolios. Alternative investments come with risks of their own (see “Important Considerations” below), and investors need to weigh the potential upside of different alts with their disadvantages.

Unique Investment Options

For investors seeking diversification — or otherwise drawn to invest in a wider range of opportunities — the world of alts offers a number of options.

Alts include tangible assets like commodities, farmland, renewable energy, and real estate. Alternatives also include art and antiques, as well as other collectibles (e.g. antiquarian books, vinyl LPs, toys, comics, and more).

In addition, alternative investments can refer to strategies like investing in private equity, private credit, hedge funds, derivatives, and venture capital. These vehicles may deliver higher returns when compared with conventional assets, but they are typically considered higher risk, owing to their use of leverage and short strategies and other factors.

Diversification

Investors wondering why to invest in alternatives often focus on diversification. Why does diversification matter? As many investors saw in 2021-22, volatility in the equity markets can take a bite out of your portfolio, as can interest rate risk.

In order to mitigate those risks, adding alternatives to your asset allocation provides a literal alternative to conventional markets, because for the most part these assets don’t move in tandem with the stock or bond markets.

In a general sense, diversification is like taking the age-old advice of not putting all your eggs in one basket. An investor can’t avoid risk entirely, but diversifying their investments can help mitigate the risk that one asset class poses.

However, the challenge with alts is that there are no guarantees of how an alternative asset might perform. And because these assets are generally less liquid and not as highly regulated as most other securities, i.e. stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and exchange-traded funds (ETFs), there can be limits on redemption — and a limited understanding of real-time pricing.

The Role of Alts in Your Portfolio

Taking all that into account, what could be the role of alts in your portfolio? In other words, why invest in alts? Of course, alternatives would only be part of your asset allocation. How much to put into alts would depend on your risk tolerance and overall goals. Here are some factors to consider.

Low Correlation With Stocks

As noted above, most alternative strategies are uncorrelated with conventional stock and bond markets. During periods of volatility or uncertainty in these markets, some investors may find alternative investments more appealing.

That doesn’t mean that alternatives will always outperform bonds or equities. Low correlation means that a particular asset class moves in a different direction than conventional markets. So, if the stock market drops, uncorrelated asset classes like commodities or real estate and investment properties are less likely to experience a downturn — which can help mitigate losses overall.

The challenge with alts is that some of these assets come with their own intrinsic forms of volatility (e.g. commodities, renewables, private equity, venture capital), and investors need to keep these risk factors in mind as well.

Tax Treatment of Alts

Generally speaking, investment gains are taxed according to capital gains tax rules. This isn’t always the case with alternative investments. It may be a good idea to consult with a tax professional because alts don’t necessarily lower your investment taxes, but they are taxed in different ways.

Important Considerations When Choosing Alternative Investments

Investing in alts requires careful thought because these assets aren’t traded or regulated the same way as more conventional securities.

Liquidity

Generally speaking, most alts are illiquid compared with conventional assets. This can make them hard to evaluate in terms of price and hard to trade. In addition to which, there can be limits on redemption, depending on the asset. Some alts only allow redemptions twice a year, or quarterly.

Lack of Data

Owing to the lack of regulation in some sectors, it can be difficult to obtain accurate price history and trading data for some alts. This also adds to the challenge of trading some of these assets.

Who Should Invest in Alts?

Although some alternatives can be highly risky and expensive, retail investors may want to consider alts because of the advantages these assets offer in terms of diversification and risk mitigation.

The investors who decide to invest in alts today may be drawn to the number of options available via mutual funds and ETFs, many of them offered by well-established asset managers. And in some cases, including alts in a portfolio may capture some of the desired advantages.

That said, investors need to do their due diligence to understand the potential pros and cons of these instruments.

The Takeaway

Alternative investments are on the radar of many investors today because these assets may offer some portfolio diversification, help to tamp down certain risks, and possibly improve risk-adjusted returns. In addition, the sheer scope and variety of these investments means investors can look for one (or more) that suits their investing style and financial goals.

That said, unlike more conventional investments, alts tend to be higher risk, more expensive, and subject to complex tax treatment. Thus it’s important to do your due diligence on any investment option in order to make the best purchasing decisions and reduce risk.

Ready to expand your portfolio's growth potential? Alternative investments, traditionally available to high-net-worth individuals, are accessible to everyday investors on SoFi's easy-to-use platform. Investments in commodities, real estate, venture capital, and more are now within reach. Alternative investments can be high risk, so it's important to consider your portfolio goals and risk tolerance to determine if they're right for you.

Photo credit: iStock/Ridofranz

An investor should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses of the Fund carefully before investing. This and other important information are contained in the Fund’s prospectus. For a current prospectus, please click the Prospectus link on the Fund’s respective page. The prospectus should be read carefully prior to investing.
Alternative investments, including funds that invest in alternative investments, are risky and may not be suitable for all investors. Alternative investments often employ leveraging and other speculative practices that increase an investor's risk of loss to include complete loss of investment, often charge high fees, and can be highly illiquid and volatile. Alternative investments may lack diversification, involve complex tax structures and have delays in reporting important tax information. Registered and unregistered alternative investments are not subject to the same regulatory requirements as mutual funds.
Please note that Interval Funds are illiquid instruments, hence the ability to trade on your timeline may be restricted. Investors should review the fee schedule for Interval Funds via the prospectus.

SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOIN1123003