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The credit card security code is generally found on the back of the credit card, close to or within the signature field. (There are a few exceptions, however; some American Express cards present the security code on the front of the card, separate from the main credit card number.)

In this article, you’ll learn the details you need about credit card security codes: not just where to find them, but also what they are, why they’re important, and tips for increasing your overall credit card security.

What Is a Credit Card Security Code?

A credit card security code is a numerical code, usually three or four digits long, that helps prevent fraudulent charges.

When you make a purchase that doesn’t involve physically presenting the credit card — for example, online — the point-of-sale system will usually prompt you to enter this security code.

Because the security code is not allowed to be stored by merchants, which helps protect against credit card hackers getting the information. Thus, the security code helps ensure fraudsters can’t use stolen credit card numbers to make digital purchases.

Other Common Names for Credit Card Security Codes

You may also hear the credit card code referred to as:

•   CVV, or Card Verification Value

•   CSC, or Card Security Code

•   CVC2, or Card Verification Code

•   CID, or Card Identification number

All of these terms signify that same three- or four-digit code on the back (or occasionally front) of your card.

When Do You Need Your Credit Card Security Code?

Your credit card security code is usually requested by the merchant whenever you’re making a credit card transaction without being physically present with the card.

The most common instance of this by far these days? That’s probably when you make an online purchase, but you may also make a credit card purchase over the phone and be asked to provide the security code.

Recommended: Understanding Purchase Interest Charges on Credit Cards

Why Credit Card Security Codes Are Important

Again, credit card security codes work to make your credit card information more secure — at least during purchases where you’re not physically present with the card. (When you are physically inserting, swiping, or tapping a credit card, other security features, such as the EMV chip, offer security measures.)

Where to Find Your Credit Card Security Code Number

Your credit card security code number is almost always on the back of your credit card, usually toward the right-hand side of the card beside or within the signature box. Some credit cards may list the credit card number on the back of the card, as well, but the security code is separate.

American Express cards list the security code on the front of the credit card, usually to the left of the card and always above the main credit card or account number.

Recommended: Guide to Checking Your Credit Card Approval Odds

How to Find Card Security Code Without the Card

The whole point of your credit card’s security code is to make the card impossible to use without being physically present. So, unfortunately, if you’ve lost your credit card, there’s no way to recover the code separately.

You may be able to ask the credit card issuer for a virtual version of the card, which will allow you to see the security code, or you may need to report the card lost or stolen and wait for a new card — with a new account number and security code — to arrive by mail.

Example of Credit Card Issuers That Use a Credit Card Security Code

These days, just about every major credit card issuer uses credit card security codes to help ensure the safety of their cardholders.

Discover, Visa, MasterCard, and American Express all use security codes — though as noted above, American Express cards are the only ones that list the code on the front of the card instead of the back.

Tips on Credit Card Security

Keeping your credit card information safe is the first step in preventing identity theft and fraudulent purchases. Fortunately, security measures like CVCs help make it easier, but here are some tips to help double your defenses.

•   Use secure passwords. These days, most people manage their credit cards (and many other types of financial accounts) online. Using secure passwords helps ensure fraudsters can’t hack into your online profiles to steal your information. Using a long password with a mix of numerical, alphabetical and special characters can help increase your level of security. If your credit card utilizes a PIN, change it often.

•   Be careful how you share credit card information. Though it may be safe to make a purchase through a legitimate, secure website or on an official company phone line, you should never email your credit card information or write it on a slip of paper for someone. If a merchant requests you to do so, shop elsewhere.

•   Sign up for alerts. Many credit card accounts can alert users by email, text message, or phone call when suspicious activity, like very high-priced purchases or transactions done at a different physical location than your home area, are made. Some cards may also automatically decline such transactions. (Don’t worry: if the charges are legit, you’ll be able to quickly verify them with the credit card company to get the transaction approved. It can also be helpful to let your credit card company know ahead of time if you’re planning to travel.)

The Takeaway

Want to know where the security code is on a credit card? Your credit card security code is located, in most cases, on the back of your card, close to or within the signature box. American Express cards list the security code on the front of the credit card. No matter where it is, the code helps keep your information safe when making transactions online or over the phone.

Whether you're looking to build credit, apply for a new credit card, or save money with the cards you have, it's important to understand the options that are best for you. Learn more about credit cards by exploring this credit card guide.

FAQ

Is a credit card security code 3 or 4 digits?

Credit card security codes can actually be three or four digits long. Discover, Visa, and MasterCard all use three-digit codes that are printed on the back of the credit card, while American Express employs a four-digit code printed on the front of the card.

Is the security code the same as CVV?

Yes, the credit card security code is the same as the CVV, which stands for Card Verification Value. The code can also be known as a CSC (Card Security Code), CVC2 (Card Verification Code), or CID (Card Identification number).

Are all credit card security codes 3 digits?

Not necessarily. Credit card security codes can be three or four digits long, depending on what kind of card you have. The four- or three-digit code on a credit card is typically found on the back, but occasionally on the front.

Photo credit: iStock/Kantamard Lamasai

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Are you a little obsessed with planning your next big trip? We hear you! The excitement of seeing new places — whether that means a faraway tropical island or a neighboring state — is a powerful lure. But there’s one thing that may get in the way: Money.

Let’s be real, travel can be expensive. Even if you’re hopping in the car for a short weekend road trip, the cost of gas, food, entertainment, accommodations, and more can get a bit overwhelming. Fortunately, with a little bit of planning, you can make your travel dreams a reality. And it can all begin by creating a travel fund.

What Is a Travel Fund?

A travel fund is exactly what it sounds like — a fund exclusively used for gallivanting around the world. It’s a place to stash some cash that you don’t use for rent, bills, repaying student loans, or any other monthly financial obligations. This fund is just for your passion in life. And your passion is clearly traveling.

How to Fund Traveling

Unfortunately, a travel savings account will not grow by magic. If only! You’ll need to find ways to funnel some cash towards your travel plans. There are a variety of ways to do this. Perhaps you got a raise recently (nice!) and can put that amount directly towards travel. Or, maybe you can automatically whisk $25 or $50 per paycheck into your savings. Or, you might give up concert tickets or takeout food for a while to allow some wiggle room in your budget that goes towards paying for your next getaway. There are many options — some of which we’ll explore below.

Recommended: 15 Easy Ways to Save Money

Setting Up a Dedicated Travel Savings Account

There are a few options for where to keep your travel fund. Yes, you could keep your vacation fund in the same account as your day-to-day savings, but separating the fund could provide even more clarity.

Keeping your travel fund in a separate account can make it easy to see how close you are to reaching your travel goal. It allows you to see exactly how much money you’ve saved for the cause with ease. Having the money in a separate account also allows you to set up automatic contributions, just as you might already be doing with your other accounts.

Automating your savings towards travel means you can eliminate another task from your to-do list. You’ll be making progress toward your dream of cruising down the Nile without even having to think about it. And since it’s stashed separately, you don’t need to worry that you’ll use it on, say, entertainment or new shoes without realizing it.

Tips on Selecting an Account to Use

When it comes to setting up a dedicated travel fund, the first order of business is usually to pick an account type. There are a variety of options to choose from. Part of what will likely influence your decision is how long you plan on saving. If you want to take a trip in just a few months, a savings account may be a good vehicle. You can easily contribute to it, and you’ll earn some interest.

To help your travel fund grow faster, you may want to go with a high yield savings account. These accounts typically pay a much higher annual percentage yield (APY) than traditional savings accounts, giving you the ability to earn more on your money while still enjoying the security of a federally insured account. These days, many high-yield savings accounts offer APYs of up to 5% or more — many times more than the average national rate of 0.46%.

Some of these accounts may come with certain restrictions, like a limited number of withdrawals a month or maintaining a minimum balance, so be sure to read the fine print on each account you might be considering.

Another is a certificate of deposit (CD), which locks up your money for a particular term, typically from six months to a few years. This type of account can sometimes offer a more competitive interest rate than a traditional savings account but comes with withdrawal restrictions. If you choose to withdraw the money before the term ends, you’ll likely have to pay a penalty or fee.

Yet another option is to use a cash management account with a brokerage firm. These accounts are meant as an option for your uninvested money. They can also be great for putting away some extra money to save, but again — do read the fine print. Fees may be involved, plus commissions if a broker steps in to help you with your investments. Make sure that these won’t cut into your savings.

All of these options will allow you to keep your vacation fund separate from your checking account, emergency savings, or regular savings account. You may even be able to give it a unique name like “travel fund” or even more specific like “Tahiti fund.” It’s much more exciting to watch “dream trip to Bali fund” grow than just “account: 3283052.”

Growing Your Travel Fund

After you’ve created your unique travel fund, it’s time to put in some savings work. And that begins with your budget. If you already have a budget, that’s great. All you need to do is add in “travel fund” as a new line item and shift as much money as you feel comfortable moving to this new account each month.

But, if you’re starting from scratch, that’s OK too. Trying to save for the trip of a lifetime is just as good an excuse as any to start budgeting.

To build a budget, you’ll want to start by figuring out your average monthly take-home income (what you earn after taxes are taken out). Next, it’s good to create a list of all your monthly expenses. You’ll want to include all the basics like rent or mortgage, car payments, student loans, credit card statements, food, gas, insurance, gym memberships, streaming accounts, and any money you currently put towards saving and investing. Make sure to get as granular as possible about your spending.

Next, subtract your average monthly expenses from your average monthly income to see how much you have leftover. If it’s more than $0, that’s excellent news! You can put the excess towards your travel fund. If not, you’ll need to find some places to cut back on spending.

Recommended: How to Make a Budget in 5 Steps

Finding Extra Cash for Your Travel Account

If you’d like that leftover number in your budget to be higher, maybe it’s time to take a look at both your spending and your current income level. Perhaps you can see where changes can be made.

One of the potentially easiest ways to create more cash for your travel fund is to look deeply at your monthly spending. Are you still subscribing to that streaming service you never (or rarely) watch? Are you signed up for the premium version of that social media platform you haven’t been on in months?

What about that gym membership? How’s that going for you? Go ahead and get rid of things that aren’t bringing you joy or are dispensable. Then, refocus those funds in your travel fund.

If there’s no room for cuts, then it might be time to increase your income. Of course, you could always ask for a raise at work, but if that doesn’t come through, explore some other options — like a side hustle. A side hustle is a gig you take on outside your normal work to make some extra money. If you can, pick something you really enjoy doing so it feels less like “work.” For example, if you love dogs but aren’t ready to own one, maybe walking dogs before work would be fun for you.

If you are a handy person who likes to fix things, creating a listing on a site like Thumbtack or TaskRabbit may be a good idea. If you have other talents like photography, writing, or graphic design, you might do some networking to see if you can drum up some freelance work. That way, you can get paid for what you love to do and save for what you love too.

Recommended: How Families Can Afford to Travel on Vacation

SoFi: Your Partner in Creating a Travel Fund

By now, you’ve committed to adjusting your budget and setting aside cash in a new fund. The only thing left to do is find the best place to stash your cash.

When choosing where to put your travel fund, you’ll want to find an account that pays a competitive yield, keeps your money safe, and allows you to easily access your funds when it’s time to set off for your next adventure.

SoFi Travel has teamed up with Expedia to bring even more to your one-stop finance app, helping you book reservations — for flights, hotels, car rentals, and more — all in one place. SoFi Members also have exclusive access to premium savings, with 10% or more off on select hotels. Plus, earn unlimited 3%** cash back rewards when you book with your SoFi Unlimited 2% Credit Card through SoFi Travel.

FAQ

How much should I keep in my travel fund?

To come up with a travel savings goal, you’ll want to determine how much you’ll need for your trip and when you want to take it. From there, you can determine how much you’ll need to transfer into your travel fund each month to reach your goal. For example, if your trip will cost $2,500 and you plan to travel in six months, you’ll need to set aside around $33 a month.

How do I set up a travel fund?

Setting up a travel fund can take only a matter of minutes. It can be as easy as opening a savings account online and then directing money towards it. You can also go into a brick-and-mortar bank to set up an account.

How can I save money on a travel fund?

To save money on a travel fund, look for a savings account that doesn’t charge monthly fees and offers a competitive interest rate. These two factors will help boost your savings and get you on your dream vacation as quickly as possible.

**Terms, and conditions apply: This SoFi member benefit is provided by Expedia, not by SoFi or its affiliates. SoFi may be compensated by the benefit provider. Offers are subject to change and may have restrictions, please review the benefit provider's terms: Travel Services Terms & Conditions.
The SoFi Travel Portal is operated by Expedia. To learn more about Expedia, click https://www.expediagroup.com/home/default.aspx.

When you use your SoFi Credit Card to make a purchase on the SoFi Travel Portal, you will earn a number of SoFi Member Rewards points equal to 3% of the total amount you spend on the SoFi Travel Portal. Members can save up to 10% or more on eligible bookings.

Your mind and body may be ready for a sunny beachside spring break in Cancun, but if you’re living that broke college kid life, you may imagine your spring break looking more like a week at home, scrolling through Instagram and binging Netflix.

However, it is possible to plan a spring break trip on a limited budget. And yes, even a college student’s budget can be stretched for spring break fun! If you’re wondering how to plan a spring break trip without living off instant noodles for the next month, we have some tips to help you get a well-deserved vacation from those long nights spent studying in your dorm room.

Keep reading for some of our best tips on making your spring break trip dreams happen on a budget.

1. Start Planning Early

Waiting until the last minute to plan a trip could mean missing out on cheaper flights, hotels, and even popular ticketed attractions. If you’re going to a hot destination during a peak travel season, which includes spring break for many destinations, then you could blow your travel budget on the flight alone, leaving you without enough money for food and lodging.

2. Make a Budget & Stick to It

Before you even leave for your destination, it’s smart to create a travel budget. What can you reasonably afford to spend on accommodations, transportation, entertainment, meals, and shopping? Having a budget could help you avoid splurging on expensive dinners or overspending at local shops.

Recommended: How to Save for a Vacation: Creating a Travel Fund

3. Find Off-Season Destinations

If Cancun for spring break is too pricey for your college student budget, don’t stress. There are a number of great destinations that are off-season in the spring, ranging from the more rugged Jackson County, North Carolina to the Big Apple.

4. Only Travel as Far as You Can Drive

It’s about the journey, not the destination, right? You can make that (semi) true by taking a road trip with a few friends. On a road trip, you don’t need to follow any set schedule. Since there’s no flight or train to catch, and often no hurry to reach a destination, you can make spontaneous decisions and discover hidden gems along the way.

5. Avoid Tourist Traps

Doing spring break on a budget generally means skipping touristy destinations like Miami, New Orleans, and Cabo. However, there are plenty of cheaper alternatives to these locations that can save you money and that will probably be far less crowded, too.

6. Reach out to Friends & Family

If you have friends or family in another city, reach out and ask if they’d be willing to host you. If they agree, you could get some free lodging and meals out of it. Plus, you’d be connecting with locals who could guide you through the city and give some tips on cool and free stuff to do that you might not have found otherwise.

Recommended: How to Balance the Urge to Travel and the Need to Save

7. Ditch the Plane Ticket

Planes and cars aren’t the only way to land at your tourist destination. You can do spring break on a budget by hopping on an Amtrak train or a Greyhound bus, both of which have destinations all over the country. The best part? You can catch up on some work, sleep, or relaxation while you enjoy the ride.

8. Don’t Forget about Cruises

You could spend a fortune going to just Miami or Los Angeles. Or, you could check out some cheaper cruise options that could potentially take you all over Alaska, the Caribbean islands, or a slew of other destinations for less. There are even cruise options designed specifically for college students.

9. Consider Pitching a Tent

Do you get motion sickness in cars or boats? With camping, your feet will be firmly planted on the ground, and your budget will also likely stay down to earth. You can camp out in many destinations across the U.S. and even abroad, be it under the stars near a national park or near a great fishing hole in the Carolinas.

10. Look For a Deal

Sites like Groupon and LivingSocial offer a number of travel and hotel deals both for individuals and for group travel. Checking out which hotels are offering promotions could help you save when booking accommodations. You can also find deals on attractions near where you’re vacationing, too.

11. Sign Up for a Spring Break Volunteer Experience

Many colleges offer a program called “alternative break,” which allows students to travel and volunteer during their spring break. If your college doesn’t offer any alternative break trips, you can still find some opportunities through organizations like Habitat for Humanity and United Way.

12. Be a Tourist in Your Own State

If airfare is out of the question for your spring break budget, a budget-friendly alternative could be touring your own state. You can take a spring break road trip around your state or even take multiple day trips, the latter of which could allow you to have most of your meals at home with no hotel needed.

13. Fly on Unpopular Days

No, it’s not just your imagination: There are some days that are cheaper to fly on than others. If you’re not tied to a set departure and/or return date, use the flexible date search on a travel or airline site. This can help you find the cheapest travel dates for your trip.

14. Sign Up for Price Alerts

One helpful way to ensure you’re getting the best possible deal on your trip is to sign up for price alerts, a free service offered by several travel companies, such as Kayak, Skyscanner, and Google Flights. These sites track prices daily and alert you in real-time when the price changes for a flight, hotel, or rental car you want.

15. Ask for Extra Snacks

If you’re flying to your destination, be sure to grab the airplane snacks. And if you like the snacks, ask for seconds! You may be able to snag a free snack to help tide you over between meals when you land. The worst thing that can happen is that they say no.

16. Consider Airbnbs or Hostels

For those looking for the best tips on how to plan a spring break trip, one not-so-obvious one may be skipping hotels altogether. Staying at an Airbnb or hostel could be a cheaper travel hack than even a budget motel, especially if you don’t plan on spending much time in your room anyway.

17. Use Public Transportation

While Uber may be one of the handiest apps to have while traveling, relying on ridesharing and taxis could end up costing you a small fortune, especially if you’re traveling in a big city. Using public transportation could cost you a fraction of the price of an Uber, plus it will allow you to explore more of your destination as you navigate around subway and bus stations.

18. Bring Your Own Food

Grocery costs may be on the rise, but the cost of dining out can really wreak havoc on your spring break budget. If you want to try the local cuisine, you can typically do so much cheaper by going to a local grocery store and buying premade meals there or, better yet, making your own meals using fresh, local ingredients. This option may only be available if you’re staying at an Airbnb or hotel with a kitchenette, though.

19. Eat Out for Lunch, not Dinner

Eating out for dinner will often cost you far more than eating out for breakfast or lunch. And if you decide to eat out for dinner still, skip the drinks and desserts. These items typically have higher markups than other items on the menu. Plus, when it comes to desserts, the quality (and quantity!) may not be worth it — many restaurants don’t even make the desserts they serve.

20. Ask About Complimentary Hotel Meals

Students looking for spring break trips on a budget won’t want to miss out on this tried-and-true travel budget saver: Before booking your hotel, ask if they have any complimentary meals, such as a continental breakfast. It may not be as fancy or Instagram-worthy as the hottest brunch spot in town, but it will likely be a lot better for your budget.

21. Use The Free Hotel Coffee

Most hotels offer free coffee either in the lobby in the mornings or through small coffee makers in your room. It may not be as fancy as your usual Venti Coconutmilk Latte with two pumps of salted caramel, but it won’t cost you anything.

22. Look out for Free Samples

Looking to score some more free snacks? Add local farmers’ markets to your itinerary. Many markets are full of free samples, so you may even be able to scrounge together a free lunch. You may also be able to score free swag, like t-shirts and reusable bags, from local vendors and businesses, your hotel, or the local visitor’s center.

23. Prioritize Free Activities

Sure, you can spend $50 for a museum ticket. Or, you could search online for some free museums nearby. Many hot spring break destinations offer free walking tours, free museum days, and a plethora of other free activities, such as parks and beaches.

24. Find a Travel Buddy (or Four!)

You’ll find that going on a budget-friendly spring break trip can be a lot easier if you team up with friends. Pooling your college budgets together may even help you to afford nicer accommodations or a more far-flung destination.

25. Cash in Credit Card Rewards…

If you have a rewards or cashback credit card, you may want to save up your points to help fund your epic spring break. Having a travel rewards card can be an easy way to save on travel, especially if you’re able to use that card on purchases before heading out on vacation, which could help you build up even more rewards points.

26. …And Earn More Rewards While Traveling!

Using your rewards credit card on vacation may not help you save for your current trip. But if you rack up more rewards during your trip, you’ll already have a new vacation fund started before you even come back from spring break.

27. Research Student Discounts

Catching a movie or eating out during spring break? Ask about a student discount! You may be able to score some sweet savings even before your vacation, as companies like Expedia often offer student-only travel deals. You can also try StudentUniverse , which helps students get discounts on hotels, airfare, and more.

28. Ask About Membership Discounts

A ton of college discounts exist, but don’t rule out membership discounts you could get from family members. For instance, Costco, Sam’s Club, AAA, and AARP all offer travel discounts to their members. It may be worth asking some relatives about their memberships to save big on your spring break trip.

29. Avoid Transaction Fees

Transaction fees can be a real budget-killer if you’re traveling abroad. And even if you’re stateside, ATM fees can also put a dent in your spring break savings. So you may want to ask your card issuer about fees and plan accordingly to make sure you have enough cash on hand to avoid them.

30. Use Hotel Toiletries

TSA-approved toiletries can be overpriced, and buying them when you arrive at your destination may also mean overpaying for toiletries that you have loads of at home. The best alternative? Decant your own shampoo and conditioner into smaller bottles you can snag at The Dollar Store. Or, better yet, just use the hotel toiletries. They may not be what you’re used to, but your budget will thank you.

The Takeaway

Wondering how to plan a spring break trip on a budget? It may not be as hard as you think. If you’re willing to try off-peak destinations and hunt for discounts, you can save a ton of cash. Spring break trips on a budget don’t have to be a drag, either. You can still go to popular destinations if you create (and stick to) a spring break travel budget. Using rewards and cashback cards can also help you save on airfare and other travel expenses.

SoFi Travel has teamed up with Expedia to bring even more to your one-stop finance app, helping you book reservations — for flights, hotels, car rentals, and more — all in one place. SoFi Members also have exclusive access to premium savings, with 10% or more off on select hotels. Plus, earn unlimited 3%** cash back rewards when you book with your SoFi Unlimited 2% Credit Card through SoFi Travel.

Photo credit: iStock/onurdongel

**Terms, and conditions apply: This SoFi member benefit is provided by Expedia, not by SoFi or its affiliates. SoFi may be compensated by the benefit provider. Offers are subject to change and may have restrictions, please review the benefit provider's terms: Travel Services Terms & Conditions.
The SoFi Travel Portal is operated by Expedia. To learn more about Expedia, click https://www.expediagroup.com/home/default.aspx.

When you use your SoFi Credit Card to make a purchase on the SoFi Travel Portal, you will earn a number of SoFi Member Rewards points equal to 3% of the total amount you spend on the SoFi Travel Portal. Members can save up to 10% or more on eligible bookings.

The greenshoe option allows underwriters involved with IPOs to sell more shares than initially agreed upon: usually up to 15% more. That can occur if there is enough investor demand to purchase the shares.

Because IPO share prices can be volatile, the greenshoe option is an important tool that can help underwriters stabilize the price of a newly listed stock to protect both the company and investors.

Understanding the Greenshoe Option

Also called the over-allotment option, the greenshoe provision is part of an underwriting agreement between an underwriter and a company issuing stock as part of an IPO, or initial public offering. The greenshoe option is the only type of price stabilization allowed by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

The SEC allows this because it increases competitiveness and efficiency of IPO fundraising. It gives underwriters the ability to stabilize security prices by increasing the available supply. It is the responsibility of an underwriter to help sell shares, build a market for a new stock, and use the tools at their disposal to launch a successful initial public offering.

The greenshoe option got its name when the Green Shoe Manufacturing Company was issued the first over-allotment options in 1919.

💡 Quick Tip: Access to IPO shares before they trade on public exchanges has usually been available only to large institutional investors. That’s changing now, and some brokerages offer pre-listing IPO investing to qualified investors.

How Does a Greenshoe Option Work?

During the IPO process, stock issuers set limits on how many shares they will sell to investors during an IPO. With a greenshoe option, the IPO underwriter can sell up to 15% more shares than the set amount.

IPO underwriters want to sell as many shares as they can because they earn on commission as a percentage of IPO sales.

All of the details about an IPO sale and underwriter abilities appear in the prospectus filed by the issuing company before the sale. Not every company allows their investment banker to use the greenshoe option. For instance, if they only want to raise a specific amount of capital, they wouldn’t want to sell any more shares than necessary to raise that money.

There are two ways an underwriter can over allot sales:

At the IPO Price

If the IPO they are underwriting is doing well, investors are buying IPO shares and the price is going up, the underwriter can use the greenshoe option to purchase up to 15% more stock from the issuing company at the IPO price and sell that stock to investors at the higher market price for a profit.

A Break Issue

Conversely, if an IPO isn’t doing well, the underwriter can take a short position on up to 15% of the issued stock and buy back shares from the market to stabilize the price and cover their position.

The underwriter then returns those additional shares to the issuing company. This is known as a “break issue.” When an IPO isn’t performing well, this can reduce consumer confidence in the stock, and result in investors either selling their shares or refraining from buying them.

The greenshoe option helps the underwriter stabilize the stock price and reduce stock volatility.

Types of Greenshoe Options

There are three types of greenshoe options an underwriter might choose to use depending on what happens after an IPO launches. These options are:

Full Greenshoe

If the underwriter can’t buy back any shares before the stock price increases, this is known as a full greenshoe. In this case, the underwriter buys shares at the current offering price.

Partial Greenshoe

In a partial greenshoe scenario, the underwriter only buys back some of the stock inventory they started with in order to increase the share price.

Reverse Greenshoe

The third option for underwriters is to purchase shares from market investors and sell them back to the stock issuer if the share price has dipped below the original offering price. This is similar to a put option in stock trading.

Recommended: How Are IPO Prices Set?

Greenshoe Option Examples

Here’s an example of how a greenshoe option might work in real life.

Once the IPO company owners, underwriter, and clients determine the offering or initial price of the newly issued shares, they’re ready to be traded on the public market. Ideally, the share price will rise above offering, but if the shares fall below the offering price the underwriter can exercise the greenshoe option (assuming the company had approved it in the prospectus).

To control the price, the underwrite can short up to 15% more shares than were part of the original IPO offering.

Let’s say a company’s initial public offering is going to be 10 million shares. The underwriters can sell up to 15% over that amount, or 1.5 million more shares, thus giving underwriters the ability to increase or decrease the supply as needed — adding to liquidity and helping to control price stability.

What the Greenshoe Option Means for IPO Investors

The greenshoe option is an important tool for underwriters that can help with the success of an IPO and bring additional funds to the issuing company. It reduces risk for the issuing company as well as investors. It can maintain IPO investor confidence in a newly issued stock which helps to build a long-term group of shareholders.

Although buying IPO stocks can be very profitable, stock prices don’t always increase and sometimes they can be volatile. It’s important for investors to research a company, look at the IPO prospectus, understand what the stock lock-up period and greenshoe options are before deciding to buy.

The Takeaway

Buying shares in IPOs can be a great way to invest in companies right when they go public. Although IPO investing comes with some risks, and IPO stock can be volatile, investment banks and companies going public use tools such as the greenshoe option to minimize volatility.

Whether you’re curious about exploring IPOs, or interested in traditional stocks and exchange-traded funds (ETFs), you can get started by opening an account on the SoFi Invest® brokerage platform. On SoFi Invest, eligible SoFi members have the opportunity to trade IPO shares, and there are no account minimums for those with an Active Investing account. As with any investment, it's wise to consider your overall portfolio goals in order to assess whether IPO investing is right for you, given the risks of volatility and loss.

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