This content may include information about products, features, and/or services that SoFi does not provide and is intended to be educational in nature.

According to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), consumers reported losing close to $12.5 billion to fraud in 2024 vs. $8.8 billion to fraud in 2022, reflecting a tremendous increase. Many of people’s losses were the result of various types of bank account fraud.

Crooks are getting ever more sophisticated in the ways they steal money from financial institutions or their account holders. There are few things as upsetting as seeing your bank account emptied or your credit card used for thousands of dollars in purchases by a scammer.

So if you have a financial life, you’ll want to be on alert and do what you can to protect yourself and your hard-earned money. Here’s help.

What Is Bank Fraud?

Bank fraud is the use of deceptive, often illegal means to steal money, assets, or other property owned or held by a financial institution. It also entails stealing money from people just like you, who keep money on deposit in their bank accounts or use other financial products at banks.

Bank fraud also includes being defrauded of money by criminals who pose as employees of a financial institution.

Bank fraud is different from bank robbery; with fraud, thieves use schemes or deception to snag funds illegally, versus perpetrating outright theft.

Types of Bank Fraud

Unfortunately, bank fraud comes in many varieties, all the better to fool financial institutions and consumers. The law provides a broad definition of bank fraud, and several of these actions can be considered for federal prosecution.

Here’s a look at the six most common types of fraud in banks. Money scams are all too common today; knowledge can help protect you and your funds.

1. Forgery

Forgery includes all forms of using a false signature or other details on financial documents. This includes when a person changes the name, signature, or other information on a check, including the amount (think adding a zero — or two or three). Forgery is also the term used for filling out a blank check or printing fraudulent checks with another person’s account number or a number for a non-existent account.

2. Fraudulent Loans

It is a crime when someone uses a false identity to obtain a loan. This can happen when, say, identity thieves take out loans using victims’ personal and financial information.

Another type of fraudulent loan: When a person takes out a loan with the intention of filing for bankruptcy soon thereafter. This might occur when a dishonest business person works with a complicit bank officer to get a loan. The borrower then declares bankruptcy, often leaving the bank on the hook for the money borrowed.

Fraudulent loans also occur when someone falsifies answers on a personal or business loan application, usually in an effort to improve their chances of qualifying for the loan. An individual may try to hide a blemished credit history, for example, or a business may use accounting fraud to paint a more positive financial picture. As you might guess, this is criminal activity and can leave the lending bank in a bad situation.

3. Bank Impersonation and Internet Bank Fraud

When a person or group of people set up a fake financial institution, that’s known as bank impersonation. When such thieves hack into your account and steal money, whether by impersonation or otherwise, that’s internet bank fraud. Typically, this kind of crime is usually committed by creating a website designed to lure people into depositing funds.

Fake websites like this can also trick you into downloading computer viruses that can steal your personal information, such as your bank account details. These details are then used to rob you of your hard-earned money

Many phishing schemes also come under the umbrella of bank impersonation or internet bank fraud. In these crimes, consumers receive forged emails impersonating an online bank; they then direct the unwitting recipient to a forged website that looks like a legitimate bank site. From there, the bogus site will ask the user to update personal information. That information can be used for identity theft and other crimes.

Recommended: APY Calculator

4. Stolen Checks

Stealing checks is a crime that plays out just as it sounds. Someone at, say, the post office, a company’s payroll department, or anybody else with access to checks may steal those checks. From there, they can open a false bank account, write checks (depleting the account holder’s cash), and deposit them. The cash is then available for them to use as they desire.

5. Money Laundering

This term is used to describe the process criminals use to hide an illegal (or “dirty”) source of income — say from illegal drug smuggling or gambling operations — through a complex series of transfers. These transactions are designed to make the “dirty” money look legitimate, or “clean,” hence the term money laundering. A bit of trivia: Many people believe the term money laundering comes from gangster Al Capone’s habit of using his chain of laundromats to “launder” his illegal cash. This tale however probably isn’t true.

Now, here’s how the crime of money laundering can work: Often the “dirty” money is first deposited into a bank through a restaurant or other legitimate business. Say that business actually did $1,000 worth of sales in a single day but they say they did $2,000. They then deposit the “real” $1,000 they earned plus the same amount of “dirty” money.

Next, to avoid taxes and detection, the money is distributed to other legitimate businesses or complicit companies, or is otherwise subjected to bookkeeping trickery. Multiple transactions can make the money hard to trace, and so it becomes “clean” enough to be used as the fraudster likes.

Banks may unwittingly or possibly complicitly play a role in many stages of money laundering, which is a severe form of fraud.

6. Credit Card Fraud

This term covers a slew of crimes; it refers to all fraudulent payments made with a credit or debit card. The bogus payments may be used to purchase goods and services, to withdraw funds from the account, or to make payments to another account controlled by a criminal. Fraud may happen by stealing the actual credit or debit card or by illegally obtaining the cardholder’s account and personal information.

The latter has become more common as online shopping and bill paying has soared, since there is no longer a need to have a physical card to make purchases. This is why you can still be in possession of your plastic, but be having all sorts of false charges turn up on your statement. As long as criminals can obtain enough personal information about an individual, they can use that information to open new credit card accounts or tamper with existing accounts.

Fortunately, thanks to the Fair Credit Billing Act, your liability for unauthorized charges should be capped at $50.

How Do Banks Recover Money That Was Fraudulently Taken?

When bank security personnel notice unusual transactions or a customer reports suspicious account activity, banks will typically conduct an investigation. Their goal: To confirm whether fraud exists and, if so, to uncover its details and take legal action against the perpetrators. Once a bank has determined fraud has taken place, most banks will refund stolen funds to customers. This happens as long as it is clear the customer is not an accessory to the crime or was not negligent with account security. In addition, you may want to report the crime to the authorities so they can work on finding and prosecuting those who stole your money. Some banks may require this, in fact, as a step towards catching the criminals.

What to do if you, the consumer, is defrauded of funds? Contact your financial institution’s fraud department and share what has happened. The representative will walk you through the steps required. Remember, the more quickly you alert your bank to any issues or report identity theft, the more likely you are not to lose any money.

Prosecuting fraud is complicated, time-consuming, and unfortunately sometimes impossible. As a result, many banks put extensive efforts into technological security solutions. These card fraud protection measures can help identify fraud quickly to avoid large losses as well as ward off many types of criminal activity in the first place.

Penalties for Bank Fraud

Bank fraud is a serious crime with serious penalties. How serious depends on how much money was stolen and what type of illegal activity was used to steal the money. It must also be proven that a person charged with bank fraud willfully and knowingly committed the crime.

A conviction of money laundering or other types of bank fraud can involve significant fines as well as prison sentences.

How to Avoid Bank Fraud

There are several steps you can take to avoid having money stolen from your accounts in a bank fraud scheme. Here are some of the most important.

•  Check your account activity regularly. With online banking, this is easy to do. It’s a good idea to log in at least once a week so you evaluate your bank accounts and your debit card and credit card histories. Report any unexpected or suspicious transactions. While you’re at it, why not make sure your bank offers debit card fraud protection, too? It’s important to secure that aspect of your banking.

•  Keep your PIN and passwords secret. Do not give them to anyone and never write them down in an email or text message that could be easily intercepted. Avoid using public wifi networks for any banking, from checking your balance to paying bills. You could be leaving yourself vulnerable.

•  Use a strong password for online banking. And everything else for that matter. Remember to use numbers, capital letters, and symbols. Change passwords regularly, and please: Don’t reuse passwords.

•  Beware phishing schemes. Do not give out your account information over the phone or through email. Anyone legitimate would not be asking for account information by either means. Don’t click links embedded in emails either; they could lead to a fraudulent website posing as your bank. If you receive an email that looks as if it is legitimately from your bank, it’s still better to visit your bank’s website and proceed from any message you receive there.

•  Keep your computer protected. Use anti-virus protection software, firewalls, and spyware blockers to protect your electronic information. Make sure you keep your computer updated with the most recent security upgrades.

The Takeaway

Bank fraud is a criminal activity that can leave you with a big mess to clean up: It can put you at risk for losing money and facing identity theft. Understanding the different types of bank fraud is one important step; knowing how to secure your personal financial information is another one. These moves can help protect you from being a victim. Also double-check that your bank has state-of-the-art security measures.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 3.80% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

Open an account

FAQ

How does bank fraud happen?

Bank fraud happens when criminals use deceptive means to steal money, assets, or property owned or held by a financial institution, including banks. It is also considered bank fraud when thieves steal money from customer accounts by posing as a bank or other financial institution or by using personal financial information obtained through identity theft.

How do banks recover money from a scammer?

It is challenging for banks to recover money from a scammer. They can seek to unravel who committed the crime and, with the help of law enforcement, prosecute those individuals. Because this is often so difficult, though, banks also are implementing new, technologically advanced ways of preventing and detecting fraud. This allows them to better protect their account holders.

What is internal fraud?

Internal fraud is fraud that occurs inside a business. It is perpetrated by those who work at the company. While rare, it can have a large impact on everything from travel and expenses to procurement.

Photo credit: iStock/Damir Khabirov

SOBNK-Q225-020

This content may include information about products, features, and/or services that SoFi does not provide and is intended to be educational in nature.

Credit card scams have been well publicized in recent years, but you may not be aware of the uptick in debit card scams. According to FICO®, the total number of compromised debit cards in 2023 was up 96% over the last year surveyed, and more than 315,000 cards were impacted.

Whether swiping your debit card in person or while shopping online, you’ll want to be vigilant. Here, learn the ins and outs of debit card fraud, plus how to protect yourself.

What Is Debit Card Fraud?

Debit card fraud occurs when an unauthorized third-party or individual uses your debit card to take out cash or make purchases without your permission. Scammers can use sensitive financial details — your card number, PIN, CVV code, and expiration date — to make purchases that drain your bank account.

If left undetected, debit card fraud could potentially wipe out your bank balance. You’ll need to go through a process to dispute the charges and/or withdrawals to try to get your money back.

Common Debit Card Fraud Tactics

Debit card scams can take many forms. Here are some of the most common types of debit card fraud.

Skimming Devices

Fraudsters install skimming devices on ATMs and payment terminals. These devices can look as if they are simply part of the machine; they fit over the slot where your card usually goes. If you unwittingly insert your debit card, the skimmer can scan the microchip on your card. Your card’s details can then be downloaded, stored, and used without authorization. Skimming can happen at any payment terminal, but it tends to be most common at gas station pumps and ATMs.

Phishing Scams

A phishing scam occurs when scammers create fake sites, and/or send bogus emails or text messages in hopes of luring you to reveal your debit card details. Then, your financial credentials can be used by criminals.

These fraudsters often pretend to be an individual or company with a too-good-to-be-true offer or an urgent situation that spurs you to take action. For instance, they might offer a new laptop at a remarkably low price, or they could tell you your bank account has been compromised and you need to update your credentials immediately.

The goal is to get you to click on a fake site and input your debit card information. While less common, you might get a phone call with an offer that requires your card info on the spot.

Card Theft

Another common way fraudsters can use your debit card to make purchases or take out cash is to steal your physical card. Once they have their hands on your card, they might try to guess your PIN by taking a stab at what your PIN might be — for instance, your birth year. (This information may also be gleaned from social media accounts or the dark web once they have your name.)

Scammers might also figure out your PIN by “shoulder surfing” or subtly peering over your shoulder as you punch in your PIN at an ATM. Once they have that information, they could steal your card and use it to empty your checking account.

Recommended: When Were Debit Cards Invented?

Preventing Debit Card Fraud

Here are steps you can take to safeguard your personal and financial card data from would-be thieves:

Secure Your Card

You can secure your card by signing the back of your debit card, keeping your PIN private, and changing your PIN regularly.

You might also want to consider using a credit card for online purchases and when paying for gas at the pump. Credit cards typically have greater fraud protection than debit cards.

Monitor Accounts Regularly

By monitoring your accounts, you can spot any suspicious debit card activity more quickly. For instance, set text or email alerts for debit card transactions and aim to check recent activity through your bank’s mobile app.

Many people find checking their bank accounts once or even a few times a week is a wise move. It’s also a good idea to comb through your recent banking statements for anything that seems out-of-the-ordinary, such as:

•   Purchases you didn’t make, including micro payments of a dollar or so

•   Unauthorized big-ticket transactions

•   Multiple purchases from the same store you didn’t authorize

Use Chip Cards and Digital Wallets

Chip cards use EMV technology, which involves a tiny embedded computer chip that makes it harder for fraudsters to skim and access your debit card’s details. They can be less susceptible to fraudulent activity than those with the standard magnetic strip.

Digital wallets have greater protections, too. They employ security features such as encryption and tokenization, which add a wall of protection against fraudsters trying to access your card data. Additionally, because digital wallets are stored on your phone, they’re usually safeguarded by biometric screening, multi-factor authentication, and passwords.

What To Do if Fraud Occurs

Should you fall victim to hackers, know that it can (and does) happen to anyone. With more sophisticated tactics and greater technology, fraudsters are getting better at finding ways to snag your debit card data. Here’s what to do should you find yourself a victim of debit card fraud.

Report It Immediately

If your debit card has been lost or stolen or you suspect fraud, the first step is to report it to your bank immediately. Reporting the fraud as soon as possible limits your financial responsibility and can halt the damage the scammer can do. Contact your bank ASAP if you notice unusual activity and request guidance. Depending on your particular situation, you may also have to take steps to report identity theft.

Dispute Fraudulent Charges

If the issue is a fraudulent charge on your debit card, try contacting the merchant to see if you can resolve the issue on their end.

At the same time, you’ll also want to dispute fraudulent charges by contacting the bank or credit union, as mentioned above. It’s important to do this ASAP (and no more than 60 days after the problem occurs). Once you dispute a charge, the financial institution can take up to 90 days to investigate and resolve your dispute.

You can also request a “chargeback” on debit card transactions. Essentially, a chargeback occurs when you dispute a transaction and reverse it. The money that got charged goes back into your account as the financial institution investigates the issue. When it’s resolved, you either keep the credit or, if the bank decides there wasn’t fraud, the funds are taken out of your account.

Get a New Debit Card

When you report fraudulent charges, the bank or credit union can freeze your account, which blocks anyone — including yourself — from using it. If they aren’t already sending you a new debit card, ask for one. Your old card is compromised, so you’ll want a new one.

Also, if you lose your debit card, that’s another reason to call your bank about freezing your account and getting a new one sent to you. Your missing card could be in the hands of a criminal.

Recommended: What Is An ATM Card?

Debit Card Fraud Protections

Under the Electronic Fund Transfer Act (EFTA), if you let your financial institution know within two business days after you notice suspicious activity, you are typically only liable for up to $50. If you inform them after that 48-hour period but within 60 days, you could be liable for up to $500. If you don’t notify them until more than 60 days has passed since the incident, you could face unlimited losses.

Tips for Safer Debit Card Use

Next, delve into best practices to keep your debit card and its details secure.

Avoid Unsecured Wifi

Hackers will go to great lengths to try to tap unsecured networks and steal private information, including personal details, passwords, and data about your checking and savings accounts, plus other financial intel.

To avoid making your banking data vulnerable to thieves, don’t use public or unsecured wifi. Instead, make sure you’re on a secure network. Secure networks have protective measures in place to ward off unauthorized access and theft.

Update PINs and Passwords

Make it a habit to update your debit card and app PIN and banking passwords regularly. Make sure you use unique, strong passwords. In other words, alphanumeric passwords that also contain special symbols. You’ll also want to steer clear of using weak passwords that can be easily guessed, like your date of birth.

Use Credit Cards for More Protection

Credit cards can offer greater protection than debit cards. When a hacker uses your credit card for fraudulent purchases, they’re not using your money but your credit. So you won’t risk having your bank account wiped out.

Plus, most credit cards provide zero liability protection for unauthorized charges. And, if you notice any suspicious activity, you can likely freeze your card to prevent any additional credit card scams from occurring.

The Takeaway

While debit card fraud is on the rise and scammers are more sophisticated in their tactics, you can take steps to prevent debit card fraud from happening. Monitoring your accounts regularly, keeping your credentials private, and being wary of skimmers are among those moves that can help you keep your bank account secure.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 3.80% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

Open an account

FAQ

What are common debit card fraud red flags?

Red flags for credit card debt include multiple transactions from the same retailer, unusually large purchases, or purchases made in a place you haven’t visited. It’s always a good idea to check your transactions and monitor your banking activity regularly, at least once a week.

Are debit or credit cards safer?

Credit cards offer greater fraud protection and are generally safer to use than debit cards. Many major card issuers offer zero liability fraud protection. However, you can accrue interest on your purchases, while debit cards simply tap funds you have on deposit.

Can a bank reverse fraudulent debit charges?

Yes, a bank may be able to reverse fraudulent debit card charges. You can request a chargeback, for example, when a transaction goes awry. If your card was lost or stolen and there has been suspicious activity, let your financial institution know ASAP. If you alert them within two business days after discovering the fraudulent charges, you generally won’t be held accountable for more than $50. If it’s been more than two days but less than 60 days, you can be liable for $500. If you wait more than 60 days, you could endure unlimited losses.

Photo credit: iStock/Bussarin Rinchumrus

SOBK-Q224-1900742-V1

This content may include information about products, features, and/or services that SoFi does not provide and is intended to be educational in nature.

Mortgage fraud involves lying or omitting information to fund or insure a mortgage loan. It results in billions of dollars in annual losses nationwide. In the second quarter of 2023, 0.75% of all mortgage applications were estimated to contain fraud, which is about 1 in 134 applications, according to CoreLogic. Rates of fraud were higher for two- to four-family properties than for single-family homes. The top states for mortgage application fraud in 2023 were New York and Florida.

What Is Mortgage Fraud?

The FBI, which investigates mortgage fraud, defines it as “a material misstatement, misrepresentation or omission relied upon by an underwriter or lender to fund, purchase, or insure a loan.” A borrower might apply for a loan saying they had received a gift of money to help purchase a home when in reality, the borrower simply used money borrowed from a family member to temporarily inflate their assets during the loan application process.

Sometimes those working in the mortgage industry are the fraudsters: In one recent case, employees of a New Jersey mortgage business misled lenders about the intended use of properties to fraudulently secure lower mortgage interest rates. They often submitted loan applications saying that borrowers would reside in a property when in fact the property was being used as a rental or investment property.

How Does Mortgage Fraud Happen?

Mortgage fraud happens when someone involved in the process of obtaining a loan for a property purchase makes false statements about their financial situation or the planned use of the property. It may involve falsifying documents, lying about the source of income, or even creating an entirely false identity.

Types of Mortgage Fraud

The FBI investigates two distinct areas of mortgage fraud: fraud for profit and mortgage fraud schemes used for housing.

Fraud for Profit

The FBI says that those who commit this type of mortgage fraud are often industry insiders. Current investigations and reporting indicate that a high percentage of mortgage fraud involves collusion by bank officers, appraisers, mortgage brokers, attorneys, loan originators, and other professionals in the industry. The FBI points out that fraud for profit is not about getting a home, but manipulating the mortgage process to steal cash and equity from lenders and homeowners.

Fraud for Housing

It’s not only industry insiders who can look to milk the system with mortgage scams. With fraud for housing, the perpetrators are borrowers who take illegal actions in order to acquire or maintain ownership of a house. They could do this by lying about income or presenting false information about assets on their loan application to get a good mortgage rate, for example. One area where fraud is on the increase in recent years is occupancy misrepresentation, in which an investor claims that an investment property is their primary residence in order to get a more favorable mortgage rate.

💡 Quick Tip: You deserve a more zen mortgage. Look for a mortgage lender who’s dedicated to closing your loan on time.

What Are the Penalties for Mortgage Fraud?

Mortgage fraud schemes abound, and mortgage fraud is serious. In fact, it’s typically a felony. It’s usually the FBI who investigates mortgage fraud, and conviction for federal mortgage fraud can result in a federal prison sentence of 30 years; state convictions can last a few years. If the crime is a misdemeanor and the amount involved is less than $1,000, there can be a one-year sentence.

A conviction on a single count of federal mortgage fraud can result in a fine of up to $1 million. State fines can range from a few thousand dollars for a misdemeanor to $100,000 or more for a felony. Those found guilty can expect to pay restitution to compensate the victims and to be on probation following jail time.

9 Main Types of Mortgage Fraud

Mortgage fraud comes in many flavors so let’s get a closer look at exactly what is mortgage fraud. Scammers are big on creativity, particularly when it comes to scams targeting seniors. The FBI has a list of common mortgage fraud schemes and scams to watch out for. Here are a few of theirs and others to keep in mind.

1. Property Flipping

There’s nothing innately evil about flipping properties. In fact, adding investment properties to your portfolio can be a way to build wealth if you’re good at it. But then there’s the sinister side of flipping. It goes something like this: A property is purchased below the market price and immediately sold for profit, typically with the help of a shady appraiser who puffs up the value of the property. This is illegal.

2. Equity Skimming

The FBI explains how this works: An investor may use a “straw buyer” (a knowing accomplice), false income documents, and false credit reports to obtain a mortgage loan in the straw buyer’s name. After closing, the straw buyer signs the property over to the investor in a quit-claim deed, which relinquishes all rights to the property and provides no guarantee to title. The investor does not make any mortgage payments and rents out the property until foreclosure takes place several months later.

3. Asset Rental

It’s one thing to borrow something blue on your wedding day, and quite another to borrow or rent the assets of your best friend or loved one to make yourself look better in the eyes of a lender. You “borrow” the asset, maybe a hefty chunk of cash, and after the mortgage closes, you give it back to your partner in crime. Sounds harmless, but it’s a common and serious mortgage scam.

4. Inflated Appraisals

Appraisers have the keys to the kingdom. They state the fair market value of a home. Crooked appraisers can do a couple of things that are illegal: They can undervalue the property so that a buyer gets a “deal,” or more often, they overstate the value of the property. The goal is to help a buyer or seller, or a homeowner planning to refinance or tap home equity.

5. False Identity/Identity Theft

Identity theft is an epidemic. According to the Federal Trade Commission, in 2022, it received over 1.1 million reports of identity theft.

Scammers use financial information like Social Security numbers, stolen pay stubs, even fake employment verification forms to get a fraudulent mortgage on a property they do not own. If you’ve been a victim, report identity theft as soon as possible.

6. Foreclosure Scams

Talk about kicking somebody when they’re down. Predators seek out those who are in foreclosure or at risk of defaulting on their loan and tell them that they can save their home by transferring the deed or putting the property in the name of an investor. It can sound rational when you’re desperate.

The perpetrator cashes in when they sell the property to an investor or straw borrower, creating equity using a fraudulent appraisal and stealing the seller proceeds or fees paid by the homeowners. The homeowners are typically told that they can pay rent for at least a year and repurchase the property when their credit has improved.

But that’s not how the story goes. The crooks don’t make the mortgage payments, and the property will likely wind up going into foreclosure.

7. Air Loan

This may as well be in a movie, because nothing is real with this — it’s probably the most bizarre of the mortgage fraud schemes. The FBI describes an air loan as a nonexistent property loan where there is usually no collateral. Brokers invent borrowers and properties, establish accounts for payments, and maintain custodial accounts for escrow. They may establish an office with a bank of phones used as the fake employer, appraiser, credit agency, and so on, to deceive creditors who attempt to verify information on loan applications.

8. Inaccurate Income

A lie can be what you leave out as much as what you say. Given the nature of how self-employed people file taxes, some do not report their full income on their taxes. When it comes to a “stated income” loan, a borrower claims a certain amount of income, and an underwriter makes a decision based on that figure to give them a loan or not.

If the borrower tells a little white lie about their income, it’s not little at all. It’s mortgage fraud. One way lenders try to ensure the information a borrower provides is accurate is to request a letter of explanation about anything that might be concerning in a borrower’s application. This is also why a lender asks for bank statements for a mortgage application, and may ask for extra documentation if you are self-employed.

9. Repaying Gift Money

You can receive part of a down payment for a home, but the gift is not to be repaid. In fact, when you plan to use gift funds, you’ll need to provide a gift letter that proves the money is not a loan to be repaid. You may also be asked to provide documentation to prove the transfer of the gift into your bank account. This may include asking the donor for a copy of their check or bank account statement.

If that gift is to be repaid, it is mortgage fraud. It can also put your loan qualification at risk, as all loans need to be factored into your debt-to-income ratio.

💡 Quick Tip: To see a house in person, particularly in a tight or expensive market, you may need to show the real estate agent proof that you’re preapproved for a mortgage. SoFi’s online application makes the process simple.

Why Is Mortgage Fraud Committed?

Borrowers who know they are not really mortgage-ready — perhaps because of a poor credit history, a low credit score, or a nothing-to-brag-about salary that would likely get them the thumbs down from a lender — may be driven to try to enhance their chances of getting a loan, even by illegal means.

As for industry professionals, be it appraisers, real estate agents, mortgage brokers, or anyone who has a role in the home buying and selling process, they could be motivated by the almighty dollar. If they can look the other way to get the transaction done, or manipulate facts so they get their piece of the action, they may do so. (Home improvement scams are widespread too, so exercise caution when commissioning work on your home as well.)

Avoiding and Preventing Mortgage Fraud

When it comes to buying or selling a house, there are a lot of moving parts and many cooks in the kitchen. It’s a good idea to, above all, be truthful about everything, and if anyone along the way seems to be pushing you in any other direction, you could pay dearly for taking that bad advice.

You can play the game straight, but what about all the others involved in the process? It’s smart to get referrals for companies and real estate and mortgage pros that you’ll be working with, and to check state and local licenses. Visit a home loan help center to familiarize yourself with the ins and outs of getting a mortgage before you start your home search.

Once you’ve found a home you love and begin the buying process, do your homework to ensure your property evaluation, or appraisal, is on target. It might be helpful to look at other homes that are similar to see what they have sold for, and recent tax assessments of nearby homes.

Guard your John Hancock as well. Be careful what you sign, and never sign a blank document or one containing blank lines.

Once you’re a homeowner, never sign over the house deed “temporarily.” This could be a set-up. Someone may be asking you to sign over your house deed as part of a scheme to avoid foreclosure. Know that chances are you’ll lose your house permanently.

Can You Accidentally Commit Mortgage Fraud?

Even if you didn’t set out to perpetrate a mortgage scam, you could commit fraud unwittingly by signing fraudulent documents presented by a clever thief, by guessing at your assets and writing numbers into your application without checking them, or by borrowing money for a down payment without disclosing the loan.

Victims of Mortgage Fraud

What do you do if you’re the victim of mortgage fraud? Your local police department may take a report. Your state attorney general’s office may be another good resource. The FBI, however, is the agency that handles most mortgage fraud investigations. You can go to tips.fbi.gov to report a crime. Other federal agencies also investigate mortgage fraud, but the FBI is likely the best first option.

The Takeaway

Mortgage fraud isn’t rare, and both industry insiders and borrowers can be involved. It’s smart to approach the process of getting a home loan with care. Do your homework to find a loan provider you trust and read everything before you sign.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

View your rate

FAQ

What is considered mortgage fraud?

Intentionally providing false information or omitting information during the mortgage loan application process is considered mortgage fraud.

What are common mortgage fraud tactics?

Mortgage fraud takes many different shapes but common tactics include borrowers falsely inflating assets or income; those involved in the mortgage lending process inventing fake borrowers; or appraisers artificially inflating property values.

What is the typical sentence for mortgage fraud?

The average sentence for mortgage fraud is 14 months, but prison time can extend to 30 years. Fines (of up to $1 million) and the payment of restitution — repaying the money that resulted from the fraud — are also usually part of the sentence.

Photo credit: iStock/fizkes

SOHL-Q224-1945609-V1