SoFi

If you finance a home, the lender will have you sign either a deed of trust or a mortgage. A mortgage is an agreement between you and the lender, but a deed of trust adds a neutral third party that holds title to the real estate.

Many states allow either choice. Thanks to an easier foreclosure process, many lenders prefer a deed of trust to a mortgage, so it is important for borrowers to grasp the nuances of these documents.

Mortgage Loans 101

To understand the difference between a deed of trust and a mortgage, it helps to first know some mortgage basics. A mortgage is a loan that’s used to purchase a piece of real estate. First, the borrower applies for a loan from among the different mortgage types. Once approved, they sign a mortgage note, promising to pay the lender back over a specified time with agreed-upon terms. The real estate serves as collateral for the loan.

Note: SoFi does not offer a Deed of Trust at this time.

You may hear a mortgage note referred to as a promissory note. In any case, it’s a legally binding document.

Mortgage Transfer

A mortgage transfer takes place when a borrower assigns what is typically an assumable mortgage to another person. Most mortgage loans are non-transferable. That said, in the case of marital separation, divorce, death, or other unusual circumstance, a mortgage transfer is sometimes permitted.

FHA, VA, and USDA loans, insured by the government and issued by private lenders, are assumable if the buyer qualifies.

Mortgage Foreclosure

When a borrower defaults on making mortgage loan payments as agreed upon, the lender may start legal proceedings to take ownership of the property and resell it to recover funds owed to the financial institution.

A mortgage foreclosure can take place when a borrower doesn’t meet other terms of the agreement, but failing to make payments is the most common reason. A variety of mortgage relief programs help borrowers stave off foreclosure.

What Is a Deed of Trust?

Some states incorporate a deed of trust into their home loan process, while financial institutions in other states can choose to do so or not. A deed of trust is an agreement that’s signed at a home’s closing that states how a neutral third party — typically the title company — will hold legal title to the home until the borrower pays the loan off. (It is not the same thing as the deed to the house.)

Terms to know include the following:

•   Trustor: the borrower

•   Beneficiary: the financial institution loaning the money

•   Trustee: a third party that will legally hold the title until the loan is paid off

Deed of Trust Transfer

If the borrower pays off the mortgage loan, the third-party trustee dissolves the trust involved and transfers the title of the real estate to the borrower.

If the borrower sells the home before the balance owed is paid in full, the trustee takes the sales proceeds and pays the lender what is still owed and gives the borrower/trustor the rest of the money.

Deed of Trust Foreclosure

As with a mortgage, there are clauses in the deed of trust agreement that will trigger foreclosure proceedings. In this case, the trustee will sell the property and distribute the funds appropriately.

Similarities Between a Mortgage and a Deed of Trust

Both a mortgage and a deed of trust are used when someone buys a home and takes out a loan to complete the purchase. Under each structure, the lender has the option to foreclose on the home if terms and conditions agreed upon by the buyer are not met.

In states where either option is allowed, the lender will decide which one to use.

Key Differences Between a Mortgage and a Deed of Trust

Here’s the big one: ease of foreclosure by a private trust company when a deed of trust is in place. But let’s look at how all the differences line up, below.

How to Determine If You Have a Mortgage or a Deed of Trust

Although deed of trust versus mortgage differences may seem reasonably small, it can make sense to be clear about which one you have. Look at a mortgage statement to find your loan servicer and ask.

A longer route: Mortgages and deeds of trust are publicly filed documents, so you could seek out the local government agency that manages these kinds of records and get a copy.

The Takeaway

A deed of trust and a mortgage are the two main systems for securing home loans. One key difference is the presence of a neutral third party in deeds of trust. The trustee holds legal rights over the real estate securing the loan. It’s easy to get lost in the forest of mortgage matters. A mortgage help center can lend a hand.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

FAQ

Who can be listed on a deed of trust or mortgage?

On a deed of trust, all three parties are listed: the trustor (borrower), beneficiary (lender), and trustee (third party that holds the title until the loan is paid in full). With a mortgage, there is no third party involved.

How are mortgages and deeds of trust recorded in public records?

A deed of trust will be filed and recorded in public records in the county where the house exists. A similar process takes place for mortgage deed recordings. The recorded documents could be located at a county clerk’s office, a public recorder’s office, or an office of public records.

Is your title separate from deed of trust and mortgage?

Yes. A title is a concept rather than a physical document like a deed of trust or a mortgage note, and it refers to a person’s legal ownership of a home or other property. When a property is sold, the title is transferred from the current owner to the buyer.

Does a mortgage involve a trustee like a deed of trust?

No. Deeds of trust require a trustee, but a mortgage does not.

Photo credit: iStock/zimmytws

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

SOHL-Q224-1903200-V1

There are times when you may need to get money to someone quickly and meeting in person isn’t possible. Or you may want to surprise someone with a monetary gift and have it show up as a deposit in their bank account.

Fortunately, there are a myriad of ways you can directly deposit money into another person’s account. The method you choose can depend on how fast you need to send the money; whether you want to deposit cash, a check, or a money order, or transfer funds electronically; and how much you’re willing to shell out for fees.

Read on to learn about how to deposit money into someone else’s account and more.

How to Deposit Money into Someone Else’s Bank Account

1. Money Transfer App

A mobile money transfer app falls under the category of P2P transfers, aka peer-to-peer payments. There are many money transfer apps out there including Venmo, Apple Cash, Google Pay, PayPal, and Facebook’s Meta Pay. Here’s how they work:

•   These apps allow you to electronically send money instantly (or close to it) to someone else via your mobile device. Using one can be an easy and speedy way to transfer money into someone else’s account. It’s also extremely popular. A 2022 survey by Consumer Reports found nearly two-thirds of Americans use a P2P app to send people money.

•   To use a money transfer app, you first need to download it to your mobile device and then create an account. Once you do this, you’ll enter the payment source you want to use to fund the deposit. The choices include linking to your bank account, debit card, or credit card. After you do this step, you’re ready to send someone funds through the mobile money transfer app.

•   Typically, recipients also need to have an account with the same money transfer app in order for the funds to go directly to them. If you’re sending someone money through a money transfer app, you don’t need to know the payee’s personal or bank account information in order to make the transaction but rather their phone number or email address. This is how the person you’re sending money to will instantly know they’ve received the funds, based on their preference.

•   The recipient can have the money sent directly to their bank account, if they’ve chosen that option, or they may decide to have the money received on a prepaid debit card.

2. Bank-to-Bank Transfers

A bank-to-bank transfer, also referred to as an external transfer, is exactly what it sounds like. By visiting your bank, calling their customer service number, or through your bank’s website or mobile app, you can efficiently transfer money from one bank to another. Here are details on how they typically work:

•   Many banks offer customers an external transfer feature on their websites to click on in order to send money to an account at another financial institution. Your bank may have you verify your identity before completing the transaction. To do an external transfer to another person’s account at a different bank, you’ll need the recipient’s bank account number and their bank’s routing number.

•   One option for a bank-to-bank transfer is using a widespread online service called Zelle, which is used by more than 1,700 financial institutions in the U.S. With Zelle, you can send money to someone, regardless of where they bank. If your bank offers Zelle, all you have to do is log on to your account, enter the recipient’s email address or mobile phone number, and send the desired amount of money.

A payee already enrolled in Zelle will get the money directly deposited into their bank account, typically in minutes. When it arrives, they can then manage the checking account and move the funds if they like. If they’re not signed up, Zelle sends a notification alert anyway, explaining how they can register to receive their money easily and quickly.

•   Keep in mind that some banks charge a fee to do a bank-to-bank transfer and may impose limits on how much money you send at a time and how often you can do an external transfer.

Recommended: What Happens if a Direct Deposit Goes to a Closed Account?

3. Electronic Deposit Using a Website

Money transfer websites allow you to electronically move money into someone else’s bank account. PayPal, MoneyGram, and Western Union permit you to transfer money from your account to another person’s through their websites. (Worth noting: Walmart stores may offer the opportunity to send an electronic payment onsite, by MoneyGram, Western Union, or Ria.)

A perk of using these sites is it enables you to send funds without having to sign in to your bank’s app or website. The funds draw from your checking account, debit card, or credit card.

4. Making a Cash Deposit at a Bank

One of the most straightforward ways to deposit funds into someone else’s bank account is with cash. All you have to do is walk into the bank where the payee has an account and let the teller know you want to deposit cash into their account. You’ll need to provide the recipient’s name and bank account number.

However, whether or not you’re able to deposit cash into another person’s account will depend on the bank. Some large banks — including JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, and Wells Fargo — have banned cash deposits from non-customers. Why? Handling cash, especially in large amounts, can signal fraud or other types of criminal activity, including money laundering. Before visiting the bank in person with cash in hand, check that the bank will allow you to do so.

5. Using a Money Order

A money order is another form of currency that can be used to deposit funds into someone else’s bank account. Money orders are a guaranteed payment because you prepay so it works a lot like cash.There’s no chance a money order will bounce and it will clear in someone’s account almost immediately. Here’s how it works:

•   You can purchase a money order with cash or a debit card at a bank, credit union, U.S. Post Office, check cashing outlets, some supermarkets, or national retailers, such as Walmart , 7-Eleven, and CVS.

•   On the money order, you’ll fill in the recipient’s legal or business name plus the dollar amount of the money order. Then, you’ll fill in your name, address, and sign the front of the money order on the line where it indicates Purchaser/Signer for Drawer.

•   Every money order comes with a receipt and a tracking number so you have proof you sent the money, in case there’s any dispute with the payee.

•   Generally, you can get a money order for up to $1,000, but the maximum can be lower depending on where you purchase it.

•   Be aware that you’ll likely pay a fee for obtaining a money order. Fees can range from under $1 to $10, depending where you go. Post offices and retailers charge less than if you go to a bank, though if you get the money order at the bank where you have an account, the bank may waive the fee. Cash and debit cards are the norm when buying a money order. While paying with a credit card may be possible, it may cost more.

6. Writing a Personal Check

You can likely deposit a check into someone else’s account. Unlike a cash deposit, which is harder to trace, a check comes from another account, so the bank knows from whom and where it came from.

As you would with a cash deposit, you’ll need to know the person’s account number in order to fulfill the transaction. Since a check can take a few days to clear, if you want the person to receive your money faster, it’s better to stick with some faster options, such as sending the money electronically or depositing cash.

Quick Money Tip: Want a new checking account that offers more access to your money? With 55,000+ ATMs in the Allpoint network, you can get cash when and where you choose.

7. Sending a Wire Transfer

Wire transfers are another way you can move money from one bank account to another. Here’s the scoop:

•   This method of sending payment can be done at banks, credit unions, or through such companies such as Western Union, MoneyGram, or Wise.

•   People tend to send money through a wire transfer when they want a fast deposit, the sum is large, or the funds need to go to a different bank than the sender’s.

•   Wire transfers are also often used for sending money internationally. To send a wire transfer, you’ll need the name of the recipient, their bank account number, and their bank’s routing number.

•   Wire transfer fees can range from $10 to $50, depending on whether you’re shifting money into a U.S. bank account or one in another country. Before you transmit money this way, make sure both your bank account and the payee’s account are both set up for wire transfers.

8. Getting a Cashier’s Check

Another option for directly depositing money into someone else’s account is with a cashier’s check. This type of check is an official bank check you obtain from the bank itself. It’s usually used for larger sums of money and is a guaranteed payment, since it’s paid from the bank’s own funds.

•   The process for obtaining a cashier’s check is easy. If you want to use a cashier’s check to make a deposit in another person’s account, you pay the bank the amount you want to send to the recipient and a teller or cashier will issue an official bank check for that amount. The payee’s name will be on the check in the ‘payable to’ section, so it can be deposited into their account.

•   Using a cashier’s check speeds up the time the receiver gets their deposit. Where a personal check can take a few days to clear, funds from a cashier’s check deposit are typically available in the third party’s account the next business day.

•   One caveat: You’ll most likely have to pay a fee for a cashier’s check, usually around $10 to $15. Some banks, though, may forgo charging the fee for account holders who meet certain balance requirements.

Recommended: Where to Cash a Check Without Paying a Fee

Direct Deposit into Savings vs. Checking

In general, you can make a direct deposit into someone’s savings account, just as you would their checking account. Someone may prefer you put money into their savings vs. their checking account so they’re less apt to spend it right away.

Before you go ahead and transfer funds into their savings, check that it’s okay with them. They may be restricted to a certain number of savings account withdrawals and transfers their bank allows per month. This could put them at risk of incurring extra fees if they exceed the permitted amount when using the money you put there.

Alternatives to Direct Deposit

There are other ways to give someone money without making a direct deposit into their account. Here’s some substitutes to consider:

•   Gift cards. Who doesn’t love a gift card? After all, gift cards are currency, and if it’s a Visa, Mastercard, or American Express gift card, they can be used virtually anywhere these cards are accepted. You can also purchase a specific gift card for a certain store if you know the recipient is a frequent customer. You might give gift cards usable at popular retailers such as Target, Whole Foods, Starbucks, Dunkin’, and Amazon.com.

•   Prepaid debit cards. These types of cards are purchased with a specific amount of money already loaded on it. Many of these cards come with a Mastercard or Visa logo printed on the front and look like credit cards. Similar to a gift card with these logos, you can use these cards at a myriad of places and even towards paying bills. Be aware that many prepaid cards can come with very high fees when activating the card, adding money, or using it at an ATM.

•   Hand them cash or a check in person. There’s nothing like giving cash or a personal check to someone in the flesh. Not only do you ensure they receive it, but if it’s an unexpected gesture, the look of joy and gratitude on their face can be extremely rewarding.

•   Pay it forward. Gift the gift of generosity by paying a loved one’s utility or credit card bill, or if you’re flush, a larger expense. You can make the payment to the bill payer directly as long as you know the person’s account number. You can pay by mailing a check, paying by phone, or through online billpay. If sending a paper check or paying with an electronic check, be sure to put the person’s name and account number for whom you’re paying in the memo section.

The Takeaway

If you want to make a direct deposit into someone else’s bank account, there’s no shortage of ways to go about it. Some of these various choices include sending a wire transfer, making a cash deposit at the bank, or using a mobile money transfer app. You can also go with some creative alternatives such as a prepaid debit card or surprising them by taking care of a bill they may have trouble paying.

If you’d like a bank account that makes transferring funds easy, consider opening and online account with SoFi. With our high yield bank account, you can manage your finances all in one convenient place, including sending money and making mobile deposits. Plus, you’ll earn a competitive annual percentage yield (APY) and pay no account fees, which can help your money grow faster.

FAQ

Does my name have to match the person I’m sending a direct deposit to?

No. When you deposit funds into someone else’s account, it’s their name and account number you’ll need.

Can you make an anonymous deposit into someone else’s account?

Yes, you can, though it depends on the method you choose. Making a cash deposit is especially easy to do without revealing your identity. Other methods though, such as a personal check or external bank transfer, can make it more difficult to stay anonymous since the source of where and from whom the funds come from will show up in the person’s transaction history. You may be able to pull off a secret deposit with a prepaid gift or debit card or using some mobile money transfer systems such as CashApp, PayPal, and Western Union, all of which may also allow the payer to remain a mystery donor.

Can you deposit money into someone else’s account at an ATM?

Typically, yes, an ATM or debit card permits you to move funds into someone else’s account as long as their bank account is linked to yours. It’s important to know even if the two bank accounts are linked, you’ll need to perform the transaction at one of your bank’s ATMs, not one that is out of the network. There may be some ATMs where you can’t do a money transfer, so check with your bank or on their website to find out which ATMs offer this function.

Photo credit: iStock/AlexSecret

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 11/12/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOBK0223031

Purchasing U.S. Treasury securities are often considered to be a dependable and less-risky way to increase income and grow wealth over time. Building a Treasury ladder can be a smart move for investors looking for a way to maximize profits while controlling interest rate risk. Investing in a Treasury ladder allows investors to spread out the risk and return associated with holding fixed-income securities by buying a sequence of securities with varying maturities.

In this article we delve into the complexities of U.S. Treasury ladders, going over their advantages, construction techniques, and things to think about for investors trying to assemble a reliable and well-rounded portfolio.

What Is a Treasury Bill Ladder?

An investing strategy known as a “Treasury Bill ladder” involves buying a sequence of Treasury Bills with varying maturities. The United States government issues Treasury Bills, sometimes known as T-bills, which are short-term debt securities with maturities varying from a few days to a year. Investors can spread out the maturity dates of their investments by building a Treasury Bill ladder, which preserves liquidity and generates a consistent income stream.

With this approach, investors can benefit from fluctuating interest rates and make sure that a part of their portfolio is always maturing, giving them flexibility in terms of withdrawal or reinvestment. Treasury Bills are also regarded as some of the least-risky investment options.

What Is a Treasury Bond Ladder?

A Treasury Bond ladder is similar to a Treasury Bill ladder in that it emphasizes longer-term investing and both involve staggering maturities. The United States government issues Treasury Bonds, which are long-term debt instruments with maturities ranging from 10 to 30 years.

A Treasury Bond ladder works similarly to a Treasury Bill ladder in that it distributes the risk and returns of investing in fixed-income securities by buying bonds with different maturities. Still, there are some significant distinctions between the two approaches. Because they are investments with a longer maturity period than Treasury Bills, Treasury Bonds usually provide greater yields.

Treasury Bond ladders are often favored by investors seeking higher income potential and are willing to accept the associated interest rate risk. Changes in interest rates may have an effect on the market value of Treasury Bonds. Notwithstanding these differences, Treasury Bill and Treasury Bond ladders are equally useful instruments for addressing the varied inclinations and goals of investors while controlling interest rate risk, producing income, and preserving portfolio diversification.

How Can You Build a Treasury Ladder?

Several important factors must be taken into account while building a Treasury ladder in order to minimize risk and maximize returns.

The first stage is to decide on the ladder’s ideal configuration, which includes the number of rungs and the assets’ staggered maturities. The term “rungs” refers to the individual assets that make up the ladder; based on the investor’s investment horizon and preferences, these securities may include Treasury Bonds, Treasury Notes, or Treasury Bills. By ensuring that a part of the portfolio matures on a regular basis, staggered maturities offer liquidity and flexibility for withdrawal or reinvestment.

To maximize the performance of a Treasury ladder, investors should also take the yield curve and current interest rates into account. Longer-dated securities often provide greater yields in order to offset the duration and interest rate risk. Nonetheless, investors may decide to add assets with shorter maturities to increase liquidity or to capitalize on future changes in interest rates.

When choosing the Treasury securities to include in the ladder, investors should consider their time horizon, investing goals, and risk tolerance. While Treasury Notes and Bonds offer higher returns and are appropriate for longer-term investment objectives, Treasury Bills are best suited for investors with short-term liquidity needs or a conservative risk profile.

After the ladder is put in place, investors should keep a close eye on it, rebalance the portfolio as needed to preserve the intended asset allocation, and modify the ladder’s maturity structure in response to shifting market conditions.

What’s an Example of a T-Bill Ladder?

Buying T-Bills with varying maturities over a predetermined time frame, like a year, is an example of a T-Bill ladder.

An investor could, for example, build a three-rung T-Bill ladder, where each rung represents a T-Bill with a different maturity date. T-Bills that mature in three months, six months, and nine months, respectively, might be found on the first rung, second rung, and third rung.

By reinvesting the proceeds from each maturing T-Bill into new ones with longer maturities, the investor can preserve the ladder’s structure and create a steady flow of income. By delaying the maturity dates of their investments, this technique helps investors spread out their exposure to reinvestment risk while capturing changing interest rates over time.

An investor would receive interest income of $50 from the first T-Bill after three months, $100 from the second T-Bill after six months, and $150 from the third T-Bill after nine months, for instance, if they initially purchase $10,000 worth of T-Bills with staggered maturities of three, six, and nine months, and each T-Bill offers an annualized yield of 2%.

In order to preserve the ladder’s structure and gradually produce a consistent income stream, the investor may reinvest the principal and interest into further T-Bills upon maturity.

💡 Quick Tip: How do you decide if a certain trading platform or app is right for you? Ideally, the investment platform you choose offers the features that you need for your investment goals or strategy, e.g., an easy-to-use interface, data analysis, educational tools.

How Do You Buy Treasury Bonds and Bills?

Purchasing Treasury Bills and Bonds is a simple process that may be carried out via a number of methods.

One popular way is via a brokerage account, where investors can buy Treasury securities through a broker-dealer. Or investors can buy directly from the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Treasury securities are easily accessible through a number of online brokerage platforms, enabling investors to buy and sell them with a few clicks.

Banks and other financial organizations that take part in Treasury auctions are another source for investors to purchase Treasury securities. Investors can place bids for the required quantity and yield at regular auctions held by the U.S. Department of the Treasury for Treasury securities, such as Treasury Bills, notes, and bonds.

Additionally, investors may purchase Treasury securities indirectly by investing in a diverse portfolio of Treasury securities through exchange-traded funds (ETFs) or mutual funds with a Treasury concentration. Investors can easily obtain exposure to Treasury securities through these products without having to buy individual bonds or bills.

Is it Worth it to Build a Treasury Ladder?

Creating a Treasury ladder may have certain advantages for investors:

•   Possible protection against inflation: Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) within the ladder may help safeguard against the erosive effects of inflation by adjusting the principal value in line with changes in the Consumer Price Index (CPI).

•   Revenue and cash flow: Treasury securities offer a steady income stream in the form of interest payments, which can be especially attractive to retirees or those looking for consistent cash flow. In order to provide liquidity for reinvestment or other financial needs, staggered maturities create a steady stream of maturing securities.

•   Diversification: Treasury ladders distribute assets across several Treasury security types and maturities, providing diversification and lowering total portfolio risk.

•   Security and less risk: Because they pay principal and interest on time by the U.S. government, U.S. Treasury securities are among the least risky investments available.

Are There Risks Associated with Treasury Bill and Bond Ladders?

Bond and Treasury bill ladders are typically regarded as low-risk investment techniques, but investors should be aware of certain potential risks.

Interest rate risk is one of the main risks connected to Treasury securities. Treasury securities’ market value can change inversely with changes in interest rates. This implies that the market value of current Treasury securities may decrease if interest rates rise, possibly resulting in a loss if the investor sells before maturity. On the other hand, investors who retain Treasury securities until maturity may benefit if interest rates decline and the market value of the securities rises.

Reinvestment risk is another thing to think about. Investors must reinvest the revenues from maturing assets into new securities because Treasury ladders feature staggered maturities. Investors may end up investing at lower rates if interest rates have dropped since the first investment, which might affect the ladder’s overall yield. On the other hand, investors might be able to reinvest at higher rates if interest rates have increased, which would raise the ladder’s total yield.

Even though Treasury securities are among the least risky investments available since they are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government, there is always a small but constant risk of default. The purchase power of the principal and interest payments of Treasury inflation-protected securities (TIPS) can be impacted by changes in inflation, so investors should be aware that TIPS involve an inflation risk.

Can You Set Up a Ladder Using ETFs?

ETFs that specialize in Treasury securities allow investors to indirectly build up a Treasury ladder. Treasury-focused ETFs offer investors exposure to a variety of Treasury Bills, notes, and bonds by holding a diversified portfolio of Treasury securities with different maturities.

Without having to buy individual assets, investors can obtain a comparable result to a Treasury ladder by investing in these ETFs.

When building a Treasury ladder, investors can benefit from a number of ETF features. They offer diversification over a wide array of Treasury securities, helping reduce credit risk as well as interest rate risk. Also, a wider range of investors can invest in ETFs since they usually have lower investment minimums than buying individual Treasury securities. ETFs also trade on stock exchanges, giving investors flexibility and liquidity to purchase and sell shares at any time during the trading day.

That’s not to say that ETFs don’t, generally, have some downsides, though. ETFs may experience tracking errors, for instance, and have associated trading costs. There may be other types of risk, too – just some things to keep in mind.

Treasury-focused ETFs frequently provide extra characteristics, such as improved yield strategies or inflation protection, to meet the unique requirements and preferences of investors. To make sure that ETFs match their investment goals and risk tolerance, investors should carefully consider the expense ratios and liquidity of the funds before making an investment.

💡 Quick Tip: How to manage potential risk factors in a self-directed investment account? Doing your research and employing strategies like dollar-cost averaging and diversification may help mitigate financial risk when trading stocks.

The Takeaway

Building a Treasury ladder may be a tool for investors looking for a way to maximize profits while controlling interest rate risk. And, as noted, investing in a Treasury ladder allows investors to spread out the risk and return associated with holding fixed-income securities.

Overall, the combination of potential inflation protection, minimized interest-rate risk, reliable income, diversification benefits, and lower relative risk make building a Treasury ladder a compelling investment strategy for many investors, particularly those with a conservative risk tolerance or seeking stable returns over time.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

FAQ

Is laddering Treasury bills a good idea?

A T-Bill ladder distributes investments over a range of maturity dates, which helps investors diversify their holdings. It can aid in reducing interest rate risk.

Are Treasury ladders taxable?

Yes, you pay federal taxes on Treasury Bills at your marginal income tax rate, but state and local income taxes do not apply to them.

Is it better to buy a CD or a Treasury bill?

Depending on the length of term you desire, you can choose between Treasuries and a CD. Treasuries are a preferable option because rates are close enough for both one- to six-month and ten-year maturities. Right now, CDs are paying more for durations of one to five years, and the difference is significant enough to give them the advantage.

Photo credit: iStock/Yauhen Akulich