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Conventional loans are the most popular kind of mortgage, but a government-backed mortgage such as an FHA loan is easier to qualify for and may have a lower interest rate. FHA home loans have attractive qualities, but borrowers should know that mortgage insurance usually tags along for the life of the loan.

What Is an FHA Loan?

The Federal Housing Administration has been insuring mortgages originated by approved private lenders for single-family and multifamily properties, as well as residential care facilities, since 1934.

The FHA backs a variety of loans that cater to the specific needs of a borrower, such as FHA reverse mortgages for people 62 and older and FHA Energy Efficient Mortgages for those looking to finance home improvements that will increase energy efficiency (and therefore lower housing costs).

But FHA loans are most popular among first-time homebuyers, in large part because of the relaxed credit requirements.

Recommended: Tips to Qualify for a Mortgage

FHA Loan Requirements

If you’re interested in an FHA home loan to buy a single-family home or an owner-occupied property with up to four units, here are the details on qualifying.

FHA Loan Credit Scores and Down Payments

Borrowers with FICO® credit scores of 580 or more may qualify for a down payment of 3.5% of the sales price or the appraised value, whichever is less.

Those with a poor credit score range of 500 to 579 are required to put 10% down.

The FHA allows your entire down payment to be a gift from a family member, close friend, employer or labor union, charity, or government homebuyer program. The money will need to be documented with a mortgage gift letter.

FHA Loan DTI

Besides your credit score, lenders will look at your debt-to-income ratio, or your monthly debt payments compared with your monthly gross income.

FHA loans allow a DTI ratio of up to 50% in some cases, vs. a typical 43% maximum for a conventional loan.

FHA Mortgage Insurance

FHA loans require an upfront mortgage insurance premium (MIP) of 1.75% of the base loan amount, which can be rolled into the loan. On top of that, as of 2025, the annual MIP for new homebuyers is 0.15%-0.75% of the loan balance.

For a $300,000 mortgage balance with a loan-to-value ratio of more than 95% and a loan term greater than 15 years, that’s an upfront MIP of $5,250 and a monthly MIP of $137.50 at a 0.55% rate.

That reality can be painful, but MIP becomes less expensive each year as the loan balance is paid down.

There’s no getting around mortgage insurance with an FHA home loan, no matter the down payment. And it’s usually only shed by refinancing to a conventional loan or selling the house.

FHA Loan Limits

In 2026, FHA loan limits in most of the country are as follows:

•   Single unit: $541,287

•   Duplex: $693,050

•   Three-unit property: $837,700

•   Four-unit property: $1,041,125

The range in high-cost areas is $1,249,125 (for a single unit) to $2,402,625 (for a four-unit property). For Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, the range is $1,873,625 (for a single unit) to $3,603,925 (for a four-unit property).

FHA Interest Rates

FHA loans usually have lower rates than comparable conventional loans.

The annual percentage rate (APR) — the annual cost of a loan to a borrower, including fees — may look higher on paper than the APR for a conventional loan because FHA rate estimates include MIP, whereas conventional rate estimates assume 20% down and no private mortgage insurance.

The APR will be similar, though, for an FHA loan with 3.5% down and a 3% down conventional loan.

FHA Income Requirements

There are none. High and low earners may apply for an FHA loan, but they must have at least two years of employment history.

Recommended: How to Afford a Down Payment on Your First Home

Types of FHA Home Loans

Purchase

That’s the kind of loan that has been described.

FHA Simple Refinance

By refinancing, FHA loan borrowers can get out of an adjustable-rate mortgage or lower their interest rate.

They must qualify by credit score and income and have an appraisal of the property. Closing costs and prepaids can usually be rolled into the new loan.

FHA Streamline Refinance

Homeowners who have an FHA loan also may lower their interest rate or opt for a fixed-rate FHA loan with an FHA Streamline Refinance. Living up to the name, this program does not require a home appraisal or verification of income or credit.

The new loan may carry an MIP discount, but you’ll pay the upfront MIP in addition to monthly premiums. An exception: The upfront MIP fee of 1.75% is applied as a partial credit to the new loan if you refinance into an FHA Streamline Refinance or FHA Cash-out Refinance within three years of closing on your FHA home loan.

Closing costs are involved with almost any refinance, and the FHA doesn’t allow lenders to roll them into a Streamline Refinance loan. If you see a no closing cost refinance for an FHA loan, that means that instead of closing costs, a lender will charge a higher interest rate on the new loan.

You’ll continue to pay MIP after refinancing unless you convert your FHA loan to a conventional mortgage.

FHA Cash-Out Refinance

You don’t need to have an FHA loan to apply for an FHA Cash-Out Refinance. Whatever kind of loan the current mortgage is, if the eligible borrower has 20% equity in the home, the refinanced loan, with cash back, becomes an FHA loan.

The good news: Homeowners with lower credit scores may be approved. The not-great news: They will have to pay mortgage insurance for 11 years.

Any cash-out refi can trigger mortgage insurance until a borrower is back below the 80% equity threshold.

FHA 203(k) Loan

In addition to its straightforward home loan program, the FHA offers FHA 203(k) loans, which help buyers of older residences finance both the home purchase and repairs with one mortgage.

An FHA 203(k) loan can be a 15- or 30-year fixed-rate or adjustable-rate mortgage.

Some homeowners take out an additional home improvement loan when the need arises.

Note: SoFi does not offer FHA 203(k) loans at this time. However, SoFi does offer FHA Streamline Refinance, FHA Cash-Out, and FHA purchase loan options.

FHA vs Conventional Loans

Is an FHA loan right for you? If your credit score is between 500 and 620, an FHA home loan could be your only option. But if your credit score is 620 or above, you might look into a conventional loan with a low down payment.

You can also buy more house with a conventional conforming loan than with an FHA loan. Conforming loan limits in 2026 are $832,750 for a one-unit property and $1,249,125 in high-cost areas.

Borrowers who put less than 20% down on a conventional loan may have to pay private mortgage insurance (PMI) until they reach 20% loan-to-value. But borrowers with at least very good credit scores may be able to avoid PMI by using a piggyback mortgage and others by opting for lender-paid mortgage insurance.

One perk of an FHA loan is that it’s an assumable mortgage. That can be a draw to a buyer in a market with rising rates.

The Takeaway

An FHA home loan can secure housing when it otherwise could be out of reach, and FHA loans are available for refinancing and special purposes. But mortgage insurance often endures for the life of an FHA loan.

Some mortgage hunters might be surprised to learn that they qualify for a conventional purchase loan with finite mortgage insurance instead. And some FHA loan holders who have gained equity may want to convert to a conventional loan through mortgage refinancing.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

What credit score do you need for a government loan?

A borrower with a credit score of 580 or more may be able to qualify for an FHA loan with a 3.5% down payment. Someone with a score of 500 to 579 may still be able to take out a loan, but only with a down payment of at least 10%.

Is there an income limit for FHA loans?

There are no income minimums or maximums to receive an FHA loan. People of any income can apply.

Are FHA loans hard to get approved for?

For many borrowers, it may be easier to get approved for an FHA loan than for a conventional loan. This is because the credit score and debt-to-income ratio requirements are typically lower, and FHA loans don’t require large down payments.

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Photo credit: iStock/Ihor Lukianenko

This content is for educational and informational purposes only. The products, services, or features discussed may not currently be available via the SoFi platform. Any references to third-party products, services, or companies do not constitute an endorsement, recommendation, or solicitation by SoFi. Readers should independently evaluate their options and consider their individual financial needs and circumstances before making any decisions. ©2026 SoFi Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

SOHL-Q326-088

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For many people, a monthly mortgage payment is their biggest recurring bill. It may be the main expense that guides the development and management of their monthly budget because it is an important bill to pay on time.

Prevailing wisdom says that your mortgage payment shouldn’t be more than 28% of your gross (pretax) monthly pay. But whatever that sum actually is, you may be wondering how to shave down the amount. Think about it: A lower mortgage payment could reduce your financial stress. And it can also open up room in your budget to allocate more money toward shrinking other debt, pumping up your emergency fund, and saving for retirement or other goals.

Below, you’ll learn more about your mortgage payment and possible ways to lower it.

Pros and Cons of Lowering Your Mortgage Payments

There are upsides and downsides to lowering your mortgage payments.

On the one hand, learning how to lower your monthly mortgage payment means you could have more money to apply elsewhere. You might apply the freed-up funds toward:

•   Paying down other debt

•   Building up your emergency fund

•   Putting more money in your retirement savings

•   Covering discretionary spending

On the other hand, there are downsides to consider too:

•   You might wind up paying a lower amount over a longer period of time, meaning your debt lasts longer.

•   You could pay more in interest over the life of the loan.

•   If a lower monthly payment means you are not paying your full share of interest due, you could wind up in a negative amortization situation, in which the amount you owe is going up instead of down.

How to Lower Your Mortgage Payments

Now that you know a bit about how mortgage payments work and the pros and cons of lowering your mortgage payments, consider these ways you could minimize your monthly amount due.

Recommended: How to Pay Off a 30-Year Mortgage in 15 Years

1. Refinance Your Mortgage

One of the best ways to reduce monthly mortgage payments is to refinance your mortgage. A refinance (not to be confused with a reverse mortgage) means replacing your current mortgage with a new one, with terms that better suit your current needs.

There are a number of signs that a mortgage refinance makes sense, such as lower interest rates being offered or the desire to secure a fixed rate when you have an adjustable-rate mortgage. If your credit score has improved markedly since you purchased your home, you may qualify for a better rate than you were able to obtain initially.

Refinancing can result in a more favorable interest rate, a change in loan length, a reduced monthly payment, and a substantial reduction in the amount you owe over the life of your mortgage. Do note, however, that there are often fees for refinancing your mortgage.

A cash-out refinance can refinance your loan and provide you with a lump sum to use for home improvement projects. It’s often less costly than taking out a separate home improvement loan. (You can use a Home Improvement Cost Calculator to get an idea of what your project will cost.)

2. Recast Your Mortgage

If refinancing isn’t for you, study up on how to lower mortgage payments without refinancing — specifically, by doing a recast. If you get a bonus or other windfall, consider throwing some of that money at your mortgage. If you are in a position to make a major lump-sum payment toward the loan principal on your home loan, you may benefit from mortgage recasting.

With recasting, your lender will reamortize the mortgage but retain the interest rate and term. The new, smaller balance equates to lower monthly payments. Worth noting: Many lenders charge a servicing fee and have equity requirements to recast a mortgage, but fees are significantly lower than they would be for a refinance, and you don’t have to worry about what current mortgage rates might be.

If you don’t have a large sum on hand to use for a recast, you can also make extra payments on a schedule or whenever you can. Just make sure you tell your lender to apply the extra funds to the principal and not the interest. Paying extra toward the principal provides two benefits: It will slowly reduce your monthly payment, and it will pare the total interest paid over the life of the loan.

3. Extend the Term of Your Mortgage

If your goal is to reduce your monthly payment, though not necessarily the overall cost of your mortgage, you may consider extending your mortgage term. For example, if you refinanced a 15-year mortgage into a 30-year mortgage, you would amortize your payments over a longer term, thereby reducing your monthly payment.

This technique could lower your monthly payment but will likely cost you more in interest in the long run.

(That said, just because you have a new 30-year mortgage doesn’t mean you have to take 30 years to pay it off. You’re often allowed to pay off your mortgage early without a prepayment penalty by paying more toward the principal.)

4. Get Rid of Mortgage Insurance

Mortgage insurance, which is needed for some loans, can add a significant amount to your monthly payments. Luckily, there are ways to eliminate these payments, depending on which type of mortgage loan you have.

Getting rid of the FHA mortgage insurance premium (MIP): Consider your loan origination date, which impacts when you can get rid of the extra expense of mortgage insurance:

•   July 1991 to December 2000: If your loan originated between these dates, you can’t cancel your MIP.

•   January 2001 to June 3, 2013: Your MIP can be canceled once you have 22% equity in your home.

•   June 3, 2013, and later: If you made a down payment of at least 10%, MIP will be canceled after 11 years. Otherwise, MIP will last for the life of the loan.

Another way to shed MIP is to refinance to a conventional loan with a private lender. Many FHA homeowners may have enough equity to refinance.

Getting rid of private mortgage insurance (PMI): If you took out a conventional mortgage with less than 20% down, you’re likely paying PMI. Ditching your PMI is an excellent way to reduce your monthly bill.

To request that your PMI be eliminated, you’ll want to have 20% equity in your home, whether through your own payments or through home appreciation. Your lender must automatically terminate PMI on the date when your principal balance reaches 78% of the original value of your home. Check with your lender or loan program to see when and if you can get rid of your PMI.

5. Appeal Your Property Taxes

Here’s another of the seven ways to lower your mortgage payment: Take a closer look at your property taxes. Your property taxes are based on an assessment of your house and land conducted by your county’s tax assessor. The higher they value your property, the more taxes you’ll pay.

If you think you’re paying too much in taxes, you can appeal the assessment. If you do, be prepared with examples of comparable properties in your area valued at less than your home. Or you may also show a professional appraisal.

To challenge an assessment, you can call your local tax assessor and ask about the appeals process.

Recommended: First-Time Homebuyer Programs

6. Modify Your Loan

Getting a loan modification from your lender is different from a refinance and is often a solution for homeowners who wouldn’t qualify for a new loan because they are experiencing financial difficulties. A modification changes the terms of a loan to make monthly payments more affordable. It’s a tactic that is usually used to provide relief to homeowners who are struggling to make their loan payments. If this is your situation, you can ask your lender for a new repayment timetable, a lower interest rate, or a switch from an adjustable rate to a fixed rate. Lenders aren’t obligated to agree, but if you can show proof of financial hardship, such as bank statements and tax returns, this may be an option.

7. Shop for a Lower Homeowners Insurance Rate

Many homeowners take a “set it and forget it” approach to homeowners insurance and pay for their insurance through their monthly mortgage payment. It’s smart to assess your coverage annually to make sure it is adequate. Take this opportunity to shop around for a lower rate. Three ways to potentially lower your insurance costs: Increase your deductible, buy your home and auto policies from the same insurer, and explore whether making your home more secure or storm-resistant might qualify you for a lower rate. Just remember: If you are getting a new policy, make sure it is fully in place before you cancel your old one.

The Takeaway

How to lower your mortgage payment? There are several possible ways. And who wouldn’t love to shrink their house payment? You might look at strategies to build equity and ditch mortgage insurance, extend the term of your loan, or refinance to reduce your monthly payment.

SoFi can help you save money when you refinance your mortgage. Plus, we make sure the process is as stress-free and transparent as possible. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates on a traditional mortgage refinance or cash-out refinance.

A new mortgage refinance could be a game changer for your finances.

FAQ

What is the average mortgage payment?

According to the Federal Housing Finance Agency’s National Mortgage Database, the median monthly mortgage payment in the U.S. (excluding property taxes and homeowners insurance) is $2,023 as of Q1 2026. But if you want a lower monthly payment, you could pursue a mortgage refinance or ask your lender to recast your mortgage after paying a lump sum toward your principal.

Can you pause or temporarily reduce mortgage payments?

If you can demonstrate that you are experiencing sudden financial hardship, a lender may allow you to pause or temporarily reduce your mortgage payments for 12 months or so through a process called mortgage forbearance. You’ll continue to accrue interest on your loan during this time, but requesting and being granted forbearance can help prevent foreclosure and damage to your credit.

Does refinancing always lower monthly mortgage payments?

Refinancing doesn’t always lower your mortgage payment amount. Borrowers who do a cash-out refinance (borrowing against their home equity to get a lump sum they can use for education expenses, for example) might emerge from the refi with higher monthly payments. Another possible scenario: If you obtain a lower interest rate with a refi but choose a shorter loan term (10 or 15 years, for example), your monthly payment amount might increase.

Can rental income help with monthly mortgage payments?

Taking on a roommate or building an accessory dwelling unit (ADU) on your property that you rent out can certainly help defray monthly mortgage expenses. It won’t lower what you owe on your mortgage, but it will reduce your actual out-of-pocket cost.

What credit score do you need to refinance for a lower mortgage payment?

If you’re refinancing a conventional mortgage, you’ll typically need a minimum FICO® credit score of 620, although a score of 740 or more qualifies borrowers for the best interest rates. If you have a government-backed FHA loan, you’ll need a score of 580 or more. Whether refinancing will result in a lower mortgage payment will depend on the interest rate on your original mortgage, current interest rates, and the type of refi you choose, as well as your credit score.

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This content is for educational and informational purposes only. The products, services, or features discussed may not currently be available via the SoFi platform. Any references to third-party products, services, or companies do not constitute an endorsement, recommendation, or solicitation by SoFi. Readers should independently evaluate their options and consider their individual financial needs and circumstances before making any decisions. ©2026 SoFi Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

SOHL-Q326-092

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A first-time homebuyer isn’t only someone purchasing a first home. It can be anyone who has not owned a principal residence in the past three years, some single parents, a spouse who has not owned a home, and more.

If the thought of a down payment and closing costs sends a chill down your spine, realize that first-time homebuyers often have access to special grants, loans, and programs.

“First-Time Homebuyer” Under the Microscope

To get a sense of who qualifies for a mortgage as a first-time homebuyer, take a look at the government’s definition.

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) says first-time buyers meet any of these criteria,:

•   An individual who has not held ownership in a principal residence during the three-year period ending on the date of the purchase

•   A single parent who has only owned a home with a former spouse while married

•   An individual who is a displaced homemaker (has worked only in the home for a substantial number of years providing unpaid household services for family members) and has only owned a home with a spouse

•   Both spouses if one spouse is or was a homeowner but the other has not owned a home

•   A person who has only owned a principal residence that was not permanently attached to a foundation (such as a mobile home when the wheels are in place)

•   An individual who has owned a property that is not in compliance with state, local, or model building codes and that cannot be brought into compliance for less than the cost of constructing a permanent structure

For conventional (nongovernment) financing through private lenders, Fannie Mae’s criteria are similar.

Recommended: The Complete First-Time Homebuyer Guide

Options for First-Time Homebuyers

First-time homebuyers may not realize that they, like other buyers, may qualify to buy a home with much less than 20% down.

They also have access to first-time homebuyer programs that may ease the credit requirements of homeownership.

Federal Government-Backed Mortgages

When the federal government insures mortgages, the loans pose less of a risk to lenders. This means lenders may offer you a lower interest rate.

There are three government-backed home loan options: FHA loans, USDA loans, and VA loans. In exchange for a low down payment, you’ll pay an upfront and annual mortgage insurance premium for FHA loans, an upfront guarantee fee and annual fee for USDA loans, or a one-time funding fee for VA loans.

Note: SoFi does not offer USDA loans at this time. However, SoFi does offer FHA, VA, and conventional loan options.

FHA Loans

The Federal Housing Administration, part of HUD, insures fixed-rate mortgages issued by approved lenders. Historically, more than 80% of FHA-insured mortgages are for first-time homebuyers each year.

If you have a FICO^® credit score of 580 or higher, you could get an FHA loan with just 3.5% down. If you have a score between 500 and 579, you may still qualify for a loan with 10% down.

USDA Loans

The U.S. Department of Agriculture offers assistance to buy (or, in some cases, even build) a home in certain rural areas. Your income has to be within a certain percentage of the average median income for the area.

If you qualify, the loan requires no down payment and offers a fixed interest rate.

VA Loans

A mortgage guaranteed in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs requires no down payment and is available for eligible active-duty service members, Reserve members, National Guard members, veterans, and certain surviving spouses.,

Although a VA loan does not state a minimum credit score, lenders who make the loan will set their minimum score for the product based on their risk tolerance.

💡 Quick Tip: When house hunting, don’t forget to lock in your home mortgage loan rate so there are no surprises if your offer is accepted.

Government-Backed Conventional Mortgages

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, government-backed mortgage companies, do not originate home loans. Instead, they buy and guarantee mortgages issued through lenders in the secondary mortgage market.

They make mortgages available that are geared toward lower-income, lower-credit score borrowers.

Freddie Mac’s Home Possible program offers down payment options as low as 3%. There are also sweat equity down payment options and flexible terms.

Fannie Mae’s 97% LTV (loan-to-value) program also offers 3% down payment loans.

A Mortgage for Certain Civil Servants

If you’re a law enforcement officer, firefighter, or emergency medical technician (EMT) working for a federal, state, local, or Indian tribal government agency or a teacher at a public or private school, the HUD-backed Good Neighbor Next Door program could be a good fit. It provides 50% off the listing price of a home in specific revitalization areas. In turn, you have to commit to living there for 36 months.

Homes are listed on the HUD website each week, and you have to put an offer in within seven days. Only a registered HUD broker can submit a bid for you on a property.

If you’re using an FHA loan to buy a home in the Good Neighbor Next Door program, the down payment will be $100. If using a VA loan to purchase a house through the program, buyers will receive 100% financing. If using a conventional home loan, the usual down payment requirements stay the same.

State, County, and City Assistance

It isn’t just the federal government that helps to get first-time buyers into homes. State, county, and city governments and nonprofit organizations run many down payment assistance programs.

HUD is the gatekeeper, steering buyers to state and local programs and offering advice from HUD home assistance counselors.

The National Council of State Housing Agencies has a state-by-state list of housing finance agencies, which cater to low- and middle-income households. Contact an agency to learn about the programs it offers and to get answers to housing finance questions.

💡 Quick Tip: Jumbo mortgage loans are the answer for borrowers who need to borrow more than the conforming loan limit values set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency ($832,750 in most places, and up to $1,249,125 in high-cost areas). If you have your eye on a pricier property, a jumbo loan could be a good solution.

Using Gift Money

First-time homebuyers might also want to think about seeking down payment and closing cost help from family members.

If you’re using a cash gift, your lender will want a formal gift letter, and the gift cannot be a loan. Home loans backed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac only allow down payment gifts from someone related to the borrower., Government-backed loans may have looser requirements.,

Want to use your 401(k) to make a down payment? You could, but financial advisors frown on the idea. Borrowing from your 401(k) can do damage to your retirement savings.

The Takeaway

First-time homebuyers may still be in good shape even if they don’t have much of a down payment or their credit isn’t stellar. Lots of programs, from local to federal, give first-time homeowners a break.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

Can you be considered a first-time homebuyer twice?

Yes, there are multiple scenarios in which you can be considered a first-time homebuyer. When you’re buying your first home is one, of course, but others include if you or your partner has not owned a home for three years prior to your closing, if you are a displaced homemaker who previously owned a home with your spouse, or if you are a single parent who previously only owned a home with your ex.

What credit score is needed for a first-time homebuyer?

For a conventional loan, a first-time homebuyer will typically need a credit score of 620 or more. However, many homebuyers may be eligible for government-backed loans, such as FHA loans, VA loans, and USDA loans, which have lower credit score requirements.

How long after selling a house are you considered a first-time buyer again?

After selling a house, you can be considered a first-time homebuyer again after three years of not owning a principal residence. This means that you would still be able to benefit from first-time homebuyer programs, such as down payment assistance.

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This content is for educational and informational purposes only. The products, services, or features discussed may not currently be available via the SoFi platform. Any references to third-party products, services, or companies do not constitute an endorsement, recommendation, or solicitation by SoFi. Readers should independently evaluate their options and consider their individual financial needs and circumstances before making any decisions. ©2026 SoFi Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

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If you’re house hunting, you are probably spending a lot of time scrolling through online listings. And you may well wonder what certain terms mean, such as “turnkey” and “as-is.”

To help you be more efficient and less confused by the real estate jargon you will find, read this list of definitions. This intel will help you understand the message a listing is trying to send you and streamline your search.

Real Estate Listing Terms Decoded

Real estate has a language all its own. To figure out which homes may be worth looking at and which might not, you can use this handy real estate translator the next time you peruse the listings. Consider this lingo, in alphabetical order:

1. As-Is

If you see the words “as-is” in a real estate listing, proceed with some caution. This typically indicates that there are repairs or renovations that need to be done that the current owner is not going to address and is passing off to the buyer. The real estate contract will likely specify this if you do move forward with buying the home.

2. Built-Ins

Built-ins are features such as bookshelves, benches, or cabinets that are permanently built into the home itself and are fairly common in older construction. Built-ins can be charming and convenient, but they can also limit the flexibility you have in arranging and decorating the space as you see fit.

3. Cozy

While this descriptor may bring to mind a comfy armchair and a steaming mug of cocoa, in real estate, “cozy” tends to mean “small.” The home may have minimal square footage, meaning each room may have very limited space.

💡 Quick Tip: Traditionally, mortgage lenders like to see a 20% down payment. But some lenders, such as SoFi, allow home mortgage loans with as little as 3% down for qualifying first-time homebuyers.

4. Charming

“Charming” is often another code word for a house with a small footprint. It may also indicate an older construction, which may indeed be charming but might also end up needing costly repairs and renovations.

5. Cottage

This is yet another word that sounds like it’s invoking a feeling when it may really be describing a size — and that size may be on the smaller side. Cottages tend to be one- to two-bedroom houses and, again, might also be dated.

6. Custom

While “custom” sounds cool, it may or may not be. This term indicates that the property includes some built-to-order features or additions that appealed to the previous owners. These features, however, may or may not be to your taste. Perhaps there’s a wall of windows you’ll love or a tub in the primary bedroom that you’d rather have relocated.

7. Fixer

A listing agent may use this term as a shortening of “fixer-upper.” In other words, major renovations are likely going to be needed.

Recommended: The Cost of Buying a Fixer-Upper

8. Good Bones

A home with “good bones” is typically one that needs some renovation and repair but has solid original construction and a desirable layout. In other words, the skeleton of a great home is there, but you may need to pay for home repairs and do other work to make it livable.

9. Great Potential

In a similar vein to “good bones” or “hidden gem,” a home with “great potential” is typically one that provides an opportunity for the right buyer but likely needs some work to get there.

10. Handyman Special

This is another term that can indicate that a property needs a lot of work, thus making it a good opportunity for a handy homeowner. The house may be priced lower than other, more fixed-up homes in the area.

Recommended: Home Equity vs. HELOC Loans

11. Hidden Gem

These words might suggest a nice home in an out-of-the-way location or a home in a popular and trendy locale that needs some work. Either way, it can indicate that the property offers a great opportunity for the right buyer, though you may have to put in some work or make some sacrifices.

12. Investor Special

That sounds like a good thing, right? But a real estate agent might use this phrase to mean that a house is in pretty rough shape. It will likely take significant work to make the place livable, meaning you may only be able to buy it for cash or with a rehab loan, such as an FHA 203(k) home loan.

13. Lives Large

This indicates that the home may appear small in terms of square footage, but when you are actually in the property and walking around, it feels a lot more spacious.

14. Location, Location, Location

This is perhaps one of the most common real estate catchphrases. This language in a listing puts a heavy emphasis on a property’s location, which could potentially indicate that the house itself leaves something to be desired.

Recommended: First-Time Homebuyer Guide

15. Loft

“Loft” indicates that the home is large, open, and airy, with high ceilings and few interior walls. The bedroom, for instance, may be situated on an open second-floor landing that looks out directly onto the living room below. This may make for a picturesque living situation but also one with relatively little privacy.

16. Modern

Here’s a tricky one. Although you might assume “modern” means that a place is newly constructed and contemporary in style, it can also refer to midcentury modern, an era of architecture and design dating to the 1950s and 1960s with a “Mad Men” vibe.

17. Motivated Seller

“Motivated seller” means that the seller is motivated to make a deal go through and may be willing to hear lower offers or make concessions to get it to happen.

18. Move-In Ready

“Move-in ready” typically means a home doesn’t need any major, mandatory repairs and is ready for you to start living in as soon as you’ve closed on the property. Of course, this term does indicate that the seller probably has a lot of leverage to demand the highest possible offer on the home.

19. Natural Landscaping

“Natural landscaping” might indicate that there’s actually very little landscaping at all. Rather, the property may have lots of wild-growing flora that needs to be cleared to create an organized outdoor living space, depending on your taste.

20. Original Details

As with “well maintained,” “original details” suggests that the home has some older features that you may love but may also require some maintenance/upgrading in the future.

21. Priced to Sell

“Priced to sell” often means that the seller is pretty set on the price they’ve offered. It may indicate that you probably won’t be able to negotiate it down too far.

22. REALTOR (in All Caps)

Although “real estate agent” and “realtor” are often used interchangeably, REALTOR® is actually a term trademarked by the National Association of REALTORS (NAR). Real estate agents can only use the title REALTOR in all caps if they are members of NAR and adhere to the organization’s strict code of ethics.

23. Room to Roam

A home with “room to roam” is typically one with a larger-than-average lot with room to create outdoor living/play spaces or grow a garden. Or it may indicate that the house has a rambling layout.

24. Rustic

At its best, “rustic” might mean natural wood fixtures and a kind of casual, barn-inspired style. At its worst, “rustic” might mean old, unprofessionally constructed, or poorly maintained.

25. Serious Buyers Only

This term is usually meant to keep casual browsers or open-house visitors who are “just looking” at bay. The seller likely doesn’t want to waste their time with people who aren’t seriously considering making an offer.

26. TLC

Short for “tender loving care,” TLC is yet another term in real estate listings that typically indicates the home in question needs some renovations and repairs before it’s comfortable — or even livable.

27. Turnkey

This is basically a synonym for move-in ready. Just turn the key, and you can set up your home!

28. Unique

“Unique” is another word that can go either way. It could be used to describe a lovely, one-of-a-kind feature, such as a rooftop patio. Or it could be used to describe something oddball, such as a sunroom converted into a photographer’s darkroom.

29. Up-and-Coming Neighborhood

An up-and-coming location is one that might actively be evolving or drawing new residents. However, it can also indicate that the neighborhood may still contain a fair number of run-down homes and have a way to go before it’s considered a hot housing market.

30. Vintage

“Vintage” is generally code for “really outdated.” Those 1960s appliances might look cute in the pictures, but how much more life do they have in them before they need to be replaced?

31. Well Maintained

This term can act as a yellow light. “Well maintained” often indicates that a property has some age on it. After all, if it’s new, there’s nothing that needs maintenance yet. An older home isn’t automatically a bad thing, but it does mean you may be faced with upgrades or appliance replacements sooner rather than later.

💡 Quick Tip: Lowering your monthly payments with a mortgage refinance from SoFi can help you find money to pay down other debt, build your rainy-day fund, or put more into your 401(k).

The Takeaway

If you feel like property listings are sometimes written in a foreign language, you’re not entirely off base. Listing agents often use terms that may be well known in real estate circles yet are unfamiliar to the average first-time homebuyer.

Agents may also use vague-sounding terms and phrases to make a home’s less-appealing qualities sound more attractive. Knowing how to decode real estate listings can be a great first step toward finding the perfect home.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

What are active listings?

For a house listing to be considered “active,” the house must be currently on the market and available for purchase. You should be able to schedule a showing of the house or make an offer on it.

What is a latent defect in real estate?

A latent defect is a hidden problem in a house that isn’t apparent during a routine inspection. If you buy a house and later discover an existing latent defect, you may have some legal recourse. But it’s wise to get an experienced home inspector to go through a house before you buy it to help minimize the risk of discovering a latent defect later on.

What are the three most important words in real estate?

The famous saying “location, location, location” is meant to describe the most important factors that make a property desirable. Where a house is located impacts the house’s value, the availability and quality of local services and amenities, and the safety and resources of its neighborhood.

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Photo credit: iStock/irina88w

This content is for educational and informational purposes only. The products, services, or features discussed may not currently be available via the SoFi platform. Any references to third-party products, services, or companies do not constitute an endorsement, recommendation, or solicitation by SoFi. Readers should independently evaluate their options and consider their individual financial needs and circumstances before making any decisions. ©2026 SoFi Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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Buying a home is a major life moment. It’s exciting but also potentially stressful and confusing. Luckily, there are real estate agents to guide you through the process.

Finding a real estate agent who is well connected, hard working, and trustworthy can save consumers time and offer some much-needed reassurance.

Benefits of Hiring a Good Real Estate Agent

A skilled real estate agent can help a buyer locate their dream home, navigate negotiations, and wrap up all that tedious paperwork. An agent with a strong professional network and familiarity with the housing inventory where you’re hoping to buy may even get early word of so-called “whisper listings” — properties that are about to come on the market.

First-time homebuyers may find an agent’s guidance to be especially helpful. But even seasoned buyers can benefit from expert advice. (If you do feel confident you have the skills to go it alone, buying a house without a real estate agent is possible.)

But you also should know that a 2024 legal settlement created sweeping changes to the real estate industry and the way agents are compensated is still evolving. Revisions by the National Association of Realtors® to the way homebuyers and sellers work with agents on home purchases — and the way those agents are compensated — affect homebuyers and sellers as well.

If you plan to buy (or sell) a home, it’s important to ask any agent you’re considering hiring how they will be compensated for their work and to understand the details of an agent’s compensation before entering into an agreement.

How to Find a Good Real Estate Agent

In many housing markets, a dizzying number of professionals are standing by to help with your home purchase. Take these steps to choose smartly.

Learn the Terms

Before launching a search for the perfect real estate agent, it can be helpful to brush up on the job titles you may encounter.

Most commonly, consumers will come across real estate agents, Realtors®, and brokers, all of whom can act as agents but may have varying levels of experience, education, and certification:

•   Real estate agent: They hold a license to practice real estate.

•   Realtor®: To have this designation, an agent must be a member of the National Association of Realtors®, which is a trade association.

•   Broker: A real estate agent must complete a certain number of working hours and have additional education and may have demonstrated leadership abilities among other agents in order to qualify as a broker.

Keep It Personal

A little networking can go a long way when looking for a good real estate agent.

Asking trusted friends, family members, or neighbors which real estate agent they worked with is a great place to start. Additional avenues that can lead to finding a good real estate agent may include:

•   Checking out local magazines and area “best of” lists featuring real estate agents

•   Reviewing local real estate association websites

•   Considering agents who are listed often on “for sale” signs in the area

How to Choose a Real Estate Agent

Once you’ve made a list of possible agents, you’ll want to do your homework.

Leave No Stone Unturned

Just as “location, location, location” is an important factor in buying property, research, research, and more research will help in the search to find a good real estate agent. This is also the time to think seriously about your finances and to start the process of lining up a home mortgage loan, as your real estate agent will ask about your price range.

Recommended: How to Get a Mortgage

Looking up reviews on websites such as Zillow (click on “Find an Agent”) or Realtor.com (“Find Realtors”) can be a good place to find a good real estate agent.

When reading reviews or considering references, it can be helpful to seek answers to the following questions:

•   Does the agent have good communication skills?

•   Is the agent easy to touch base with, and do they have ample availability?

•   Did they show interest in the process even after a deal was under contract?

•   Are they known to regularly have disagreements with other agents?

If you find a real estate agent online or as a result of the agent’s marketing efforts, ask for references before making a decision.

Following a Hiring Process

Narrow the field to a handful of possible agents, then interview them before making a decision.

This process can feel similar to hiring an employee. The interview can give you an idea of what it will be like to work with an agent. Here are some sample questions to ask when interviewing agents:

•   How long have you worked as a real estate agent? Experience is key, especially for first-time buyers or sellers who need extra guidance in a hot market.

•   How many clients do you usually have at once? Their answer will help determine how much time they have to devote to each client and how accessible they will be.

•   Do you work with a team? For busier agents, having team members who can provide assistance can be helpful.

•   What areas do you cover? Finding an agent who is familiar with the area you’re looking in can give you a leg up in your search.

•   How do you prefer to communicate? Make sure your communication styles mesh well together, whether that be via text, phone, or email.

(Selling a home? The interview questions are different. You’d want to ask how the agent would market the home, what fees might be included, and how they would price the home based on recent sales in the area.)

Recommended: 15 Questions to Ask When Interviewing Realtors

When It’s Time to Buy

Some real estate agents may request that homebuyers sign a contract known as an agency agreement. Before making any real estate working relationship official, take a close look at the contract to ensure there are no unpleasant surprises down the road.

The agreement may obligate you to only work with the agent for a set period of time. These contracts are not always required, but they provide the real estate agent with more assurance that they will be paid for their services.

Those selling a home also sign a contract known as a listing agent contract with the real estate agent who is listing their home. Typically, these agreements include the commission (often a percentage of the sale price) or other compensation, listing duration, cancellation clause, responsibilities, disputes, ownership, expiration date, and details regarding dual-agency restrictions in states where applicable.

Good Real Estate Agents’ Tips

You think you’ve found a qualified real estate agent to assist you in buying a house. What now? A good agent will accompany you on home tours, advise you when you are ready to make an offer, and recommend other professionals to assist you in the process, such as a home inspector.

The home-buying process can be complicated, and a good real estate agent should hold your hand every step of the way. Your agent will submit your offer on your behalf and provide you with a list of the documents you need to buy a house, including mortgage documents, that you will need for the closing.

The Takeaway

Finding a good real estate agent can be key to closing the best deal as a buyer. A thorough research and interview process can help you land an agent you feel, well, at home with and who will work hard for you.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

What do buyers want most from real estate agents?

What buyers want most is an agent who will help them find the right home. A well-connected agent familiar with the community and its housing inventory is a top priority.

What is an offer to purchase a home called?

An offer to purchase contract, also called a real estate purchase agreement, contains the address and description of the property as well as the purchase price, down payment information, other deal terms, and an expiration date. It helps ensure that the buyer and seller are in agreement about the deal.

How do I get the best out of my real estate agent?

Knowing what you are looking for in a home, knowing your budget, and communicating openly about what you like and dislike can help ensure the best results. Keep in mind that your real estate agent may work on commission. Be organized, only visit properties you are truly interested in, and come to appointments on time.

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About the author

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This content is for educational and informational purposes only. The products, services, or features discussed may not currently be available via the SoFi platform. Any references to third-party products, services, or companies do not constitute an endorsement, recommendation, or solicitation by SoFi. Readers should independently evaluate their options and consider their individual financial needs and circumstances before making any decisions. ©2026 SoFi Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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