Jan
24
2022
7 Easily Avoidable Mistakes When Choosing (or Removing) a Student Loan Cosigner

7 Easily Avoidable Mistakes When Choosing (or Removing) a Student Loan Cosigner

By | Debt Payoff, Fresh Out of School, Student Loans, student_loan | No Comments

In order to get approved for some student loans, some borrowers may choose to apply with a cosigner — a creditworthy individual who will be legally responsible for repayment should you default, become disabled, or die.

While there is no credit check or requirement to add a cosigner for most student federal student loans, students applying for private loans may consider adding a cosigner to their application. Applying for a student loan with a cosigner can help strengthen the overall application and as a result, may help a borrower get approved for a loan they otherwise wouldn’t have or could help the borrower secure a more competitive interest rate than they would have alone.

But, adding a cosigner is a serious decision, for both the borrower and the potential cosigner. That’s because both the cosigner and primary borrower are both equally on the hook for the loan. Read on for some cosigner mistakes to avoid.

Understanding the Role of a Cosigner

A cosigner is someone who signs onto a loan with a primary borrower, and in doing so, takes full responsibility for the loan. This means that if the primary borrower is unable to make payments on the loan, the cosigner is responsible for stepping in. The loan will appear on the cosigner’s credit report and if there are any missed or late payments, the cosigner’s credit score can also be impacted.

Pros and Cons of Cosigning on a Student Loan

There are benefits and downsides to having a cosigner on a student loan.

Pros of a Cosigner

If a student isn’t approved when applying for a student loan without a cosigner, the major pro of adding a cosigner to a student loan application is that the borrower becomes a more favorable candidate for the loan.

Additionally, adding a cosigner can help boost the creditworthiness of the application, allowing the student borrower to secure a more competitive interest rate or more favorable terms on their loan.

If the student is approved for the loan with a cosigner, this can help the student borrower build their own credit history as they make on-time payments on the loan.

Cons of a Cosigner

The cosigner’s debt-to-income ratio can be impacted by cosigning on a student loan. This could potentially impact the cosigner’s ability to borrow down the line, depending on their overall financial situation.

Additionally, because the cosigner is equally responsible for repaying the loan, if the primary borrower have any issues repaying the loan this could lead to serious implications for the cosigner, including:

•   The cosigner is responsible for making payments if the primary borrower cannot.

•   The cosigner’s credit report and credit score could be negatively impacted.

And having a cosigner on a student loan can potentially add stress or strain to the relationship should anything go wrong during the repayment process.

Mistakes to Avoid When Adding or Removing a Cosigner

Borrowing a private student loan with a cosigner is common. According to the Measure One Private Student Loan Report published in December 2021, during the 2021-2022 school year, 92.16% of newly originated private student loans borrowed by undergraduate students had a cosigner. But, before you jump in, make sure you understand the ins and outs of choosing — and removing — a student loan cosigner.

(And while you’re at it, check out SoFi’s Student Loan Debt Navigator tool to assess your student loan repayment options.)

1. Ignoring Your Income and Cash Flow

When you apply for a private student loan or refinance, lenders check your financial fitness (credit score, debt-to-income ratio, etc.) to see if you qualify.

Some lenders, (including SoFi) will review a borrower’s income as part of their eligibility requirements and may also consider something called “free cash” flow — the amount of money you have left at the end of each month after subtracting taxes and cost of living expenses. If the lender feels you lack the necessary free cash flow to repay your loan, either your application will be declined or your loan will be approved at a less-than-desirable interest rate.

If your cash flow is more of a trickle, the lender may prompt you to add a cosigner to your application.

2. Going for Romance

When considering the best cosigner, steer clear of asking your boyfriend or girlfriend. If the relationship goes south after signing, your ex will still be legally responsible for the loan. Would you want to be on the hook for the student loan payments of someone you’re no longer dating?

Instead of focusing on a romantic connection, it may make sense to consider family members. Though anyone can cosign a loan for you, a relative is generally a more reliable choice than a friend. Typically, a cosigner is a parent or guardian, spouse, or other family relative.

3. Going in Blind

A family member may think cosigning a loan is as simple as signing his or her name on a contract, but it’s more complicated than that. A cosigner is a coborrower, which means the debt will show up on your credit report and on his or hers.

Plus, if you can’t make good on your loan for any reason, the lender has the legal right to pursue your cosigner for repayment.

4. Failing to Set Expectations

It may be unpleasant, but it’s important to discuss worst-case scenarios with your cosigner. If you lose your job and can’t make payments, your cosigner must be prepared to assume full responsibility for the loan. Plus, you’ll need to discuss whether you’ll repay that person should he or she have to make payments at some point, or if those payments will be gifts.

Note: Once you set clear expectations, it’s a good idea to sign a legal agreement together. Depending on your relationship, the agreement can be as simple as an email or as formal as a document drafted by a lawyer.

5. Expecting a Handout

If you think a legal agreement sounds drastic, keep in mind that a friendly cosigning situation can go sour when you don’t hold up your end of the deal. As mentioned, if the primary borrower fails to make payments on their loan, the cosigner is equally responsible. That means they’re responsible for repaying the loan if the borrower cannot, their credit score can also be impacted by late payments, and should the loan go into default, collections agencies can try to collect from the cosigner as well.

Word to the wise: Don’t make your cosigner regret doing you the favor. The fact is, your cosigner is taking a risk for you. You should feel confident in your ability to repay the loan fully on your own.

6. Not Understanding How to Remove a Cosigner

When you start conversations with a potential cosigner understand the options for removing them down the line. Some lenders may offer an official cosigner release option. This means filing an application with the lender to remove the cosigner from the loan. If the lender doesn’t offer cosigner release, it may be possible to refinance the loan and remove the cosigner.

Not all lenders offer a cosigner release option — and those that do have stipulations for removal. Typically, you’ll need to make anywhere from 12 to 48 months of on-time, consecutive payments to qualify for cosigner release.

The lender will also look at your overall financial situation, including how well you’ve managed other debts, and may require that you submit supporting documentation such as a W-2 or recent pay stubs.

Understanding your lenders requirements for cosigner release and ensure you are establishing strong financial habits like making monthly payments on time, and are effectively budgeting and saving, could potentially improve your chances of being approved for a cosigner release.

7. Not Realizing Refinancing May Still Be an Option

In the event you aren’t successful in removing your cosigner via cosigner release, another potential option is refinancing the loan. When you refinance a loan, you take out a new loan (sometimes with a new lender), that has new terms. Doing this can allow you to potentially remove your cosigner, so long as you are able to meet the lender’s eligibility requirement on your own.

While refinancing can be an option to consider for some borrowers, it won’t make sense for everyone. When federal loans are refinanced, they are no longer eligible for any federal protections or programs.

The Takeaway

Adding a cosigner to your student loan can truly work to your advantage, potentially helping you qualify for a more competitive interest rate on a student loan or a refinance. So if someone in your life has offered to cosign, consider it seriously — just make sure you both understand what you’re signing up for from the start.

SoFi makes it easy to add a cosigner to student loan or refinance applications and borrowers can apply for a cosigner release after 24 months of on-time payments.

Check your rate for a student loan refinance, and share this article with someone else who should know the dos and don’ts of co-signing.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
If you are a federal student loan borrower, you should consider all of your repayment opportunities including the opportunity to refinance your student loan debt at a lower APR or to extend your term to achieve a lower monthly payment. Please note that once you refinance federal student loans you will no longer be eligible for current or future flexible payment options available to federal loan borrowers, including but not limited to income-based repayment plans or extended repayment plans.


SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Read more
Jan
23
2022

Guide to Spotting and Avoiding Student Loan Scams

By | Fresh Out of School, Student Loans, student_loan | No Comments

Student loan scams are, unfortunately, not uncommon. They run the gamut — from offering student loan forgiveness scams to straight up stealing your hard-earned dollars. Since President Biden announced his plan for student loan forgiveness in August 2022, there has been an increase in student loan scams promising loan forgiveness or relying on borrower confusion around the new loan forgiveness program.

There are plenty of authentic refinancing and consolidation options, such as income-driven repayment plans, that might help you in the long run. Continue reading for more information on common student loan scams and seven red flags that can help you suss out if a company is legitimate or not.

Common Student Loan Scams

Those under stress from student loans can feel compelled to go to extreme measures to get rid of their debt, which can make them more susceptible to predatory tactics.

Promising Loan Forgiveness

One typical scam is a student loan assistance company that advertises loan forgiveness or lower payments in exchange for an upfront fee, followed by a few more payments.

Unsuspecting people pay and then six months later, the firm will shut down. This one isn’t as insidious as some other common scams, but you could still be out some money. And if you’re part of the college debt crisis and thousands of dollars in debt, that isn’t where you want to be.

Charging a Fee for Federal Student Loan Consolidation

Another common tactic is to offer federal student loan consolidation for a fee. Federal student loan consolidation is always available for free from the Department of Education. Or you could refinance your federal student loans with a reputable lender. But it is important to remember that if you refinance your student loans with a private lender, you will lose access to federal benefits such as student loan forgiveness, income-driven repayment plans, and deferment.

If you’re going to refinance your student loans, however, it’s a smart idea to do your due diligence before signing on with a lender (of course, keeping in mind that refinancing to private loans, even with reputable lenders, can strip you federal benefits like income-driven repayment plans).

7 Red Flags for Student Loan Scams

Here are a few tips to help you spot potential student loan scams.

1. Requests For Sensitive Information Over the Phone

A legitimate private lender will need your Social Security number and other info to process your refinance application, but they are unlikely to cold call you. If you’re working with an online lender, do a little homework by researching the company and reading consumer reviews.

And if you’re really unsure, you can contact your state attorney general’s office to see if complaints have been lodged against the company. The rule of thumb here? Never share any personal information until you are 100% certain you are dealing with a legitimate lender.

2. The Company Requires Direct Payment Immediately

A major indication that you’re dealing with a student loan scam is the requirement of an upfront fee. Once they get the fee, many scam companies simply take your money and disappear, leaving your loans in forbearance (or worse, default), and you none the wiser.

Debt counseling firms are not allowed to charge you any fees until after they renegotiate, settle, or reduce at least one debt for you. Yes, a reputable lender will charge interest on your loan, but they will not ask you for cash upfront.

3. A Promise of Immediate Loan Forgiveness

Student loans are notoriously difficult to shake, even if you file for bankruptcy. There are a few situations that can qualify you for federal student loan forgiveness — for example, if under the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program (PSLF), you’ve worked for an eligible employer, are on an income-driven repayment plan, and have made 10 years of qualifying payments.

So immediate loan forgiveness is likely a ruse. While it would be nice for all your student loans to be forgiven in an instant, this is unfortunately a pie-in-the-sky dream.

If you do qualify for one of the federal loan forgiveness options, there’s no need to have a third party negotiate for you. Simply call your loan servicer for instructions on the process — free of charge. Just keep in mind that only 1% of those who have applied for PSLF have been approved.

4. You Are Encouraged to Pay Off Your Student Loans to a Third Party Directly

Why would you want someone else making payments on your behalf? It begs the question: What are they hiding?

5. The Company Claims to Be Working with the U.S. Department of Education

Some private lenders misrepresent themselves by using names, seals, and logos that give the impression they’re affiliated with the federal government’s student loan programs (hello, Obama Forgiveness Plan). However, the Department of Education does not solicit people to borrow money.

The Department of Education doesn’t work with private loan consolidation companies, but it does work with private loan servicer companies. A servicer collects payments and handles other services on the loan you already have, but it doesn’t offer private loan consolidation. The government offers its own Direct Consolidation Loan program (by application) for free, so if anyone tries to sell you this option, they are pulling one over you.

6. Someone Is Pressuring You to Sign Up under Time Constraints

No legitimate loan program is only available for a short period of time. If they are overly insistent and don’t go for an offer to call them back directly, this could be a red flag.

7. The Company Is Charging a Consolidation Fee

This is where things can get a little murky. As noted above, there are legitimate private companies that can help you consolidate and refinance student loans for a fee. As long as they don’t charge you any fees until refinancing has occurred, they’re most likely operating legitimately.

But be cautious. Again, if you want to apply to consolidate federal student loans through the Direct Consolidation program it’s a free process — so you don’t need a company to do it for you.

If you want to consolidate and refinance your private student loans on the other hand, know that the private company is probably refinancing your current loans into one new private loan. In that case, be sure to check the interest rate, any fees, and read the fine print to see if the new deal is actually better than your old one.

What to Do if You Suspect a Student Loan Scam?

If you suspect a student loan scam, do not engage. If it is a digital scam, do not click any links and report them as spam in your inbox. Do not offer any personal information via a phone call.

You can report the scam to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) and to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).

What Recourse Do You Have if You Are Victim of a Scam

If you have already fallen victim to a student loan scam, there are some important steps to take. First, contact your local police agency to report the scam. You’ll also want to report the scam to your local Attorney General’s office.

You can also report the scam, as mentioned, to both the CFPB and FTC.

What Is Student Loan Fraud?

Student loan fraud occurs when a company or individual wrongfully or deceptively over-promises or charges a fee for unachievable services. This could occur if a company offers a fee for the promise of instant loan forgiveness.

How Student Loan Fraud Works

If a company offers a borrower a path to loan forgiveness and requires a fee up-front, this could be considered student loan fraud. Scammers may ask for borrower’s personal information, like their Social Security number or access to their federal student aid account.

Scammers are resourceful and have been known to contact borrowers via phone, letters in the mail, email, or text messages. They may even impersonate reputable lenders — look for subtle changes in the logo on emails or websites. There have even been SoFi scammers, who have impersonated SoFi, offering fake giveaways to unsuspecting SoFi members.

Understand how your loan services contacts it’s borrowers — most lenders will cold call customers and ask for personal information. To protect yourself from scammers, avoid giving any personal information via phone and be sure you are interacting with a reputable agency.

Is Consolidating Your Student Loans the Right Decision for You?

Spotting a student loan scam isn’t always easy, especially when companies go out of their way to convince you they’re legit. If your gut tells you a deal is too good to be true, then it probably is.

When choosing between a Direct Consolidation Loan (for federal student loans) and student loan refinancing (for federal and/or private loans), it’s worth taking some time to learn about all your options, as the terms and potential outcomes (savings vs. interest spend) can be very different. Check out our quick guide to student loan consolidation vs. refinancing for more details.

Refinancing student loans can be a great way to make payments more manageable, depending on what kind of student debt you have. However, not all refinance options are created equal. It’s important to do your homework before deciding to consolidate and/or refinance your student loans, because your individual circumstances will dictate whether consolidation or refinancing is right for you:

Direct Consolidation Loans

Direct Consolidation Loans from the federal government can only be used to consolidate federal loans. It’s essentially a way to package multiple loans into one, giving you a new, fixed interest rate that’s a weighted average of all your federal loans (rounded to the nearest eighth of a percent) and, sometimes, a longer term. This means your monthly payment amount doesn’t necessarily go down, nor does your interest rate — it just makes things more straightforward.

Student Loan Refinancing

Refinancing means consolidating all your student loans — regardless of whether they’re federal or private. You refinance with a private lender, and typically do so if you think you might qualify for a lower interest rate. Refinancing may allow you to pay all your student loans off at a more competitive interest rate, which can save you over the life of your loan.

You can also typically change the term length on your refinanced loan — a longer term length could lower your monthly payments, while a shorter term length could help you pay off your student loans faster.

In order to know how much you could gain from refinancing, you can start by verifying how much you owe and what your interest rates are across both private and federal loans. Once you know that information, you can use this student loan refinancing calculator to see your estimated savings.

And, again, it is important to remember that if you choose to refinance your student loans with a private lender you will lose access to federal benefits such as student loan forgiveness, Direct Consolidation Loans, and income-driven repayment plans.

The Takeaway

Student loan scammers take advantage of borrowers who are trying to pay off student loan debt. These scams often appeal to borrowers looking for quick student loan relief and offer their service in exchange for a fee. To protect yourself, avoid offering personal information via requests on the phone.

If you are exploring loan options consider SoFi. SoFi is a leader in the student loan space — offering both private student loans to help pay your way through school or refinancing options to help you pay off your loans faster. See your interest rate in just a few minutes. No strings attached.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.


We’ve Got You Covered

Need to pay
for school?

Learn more →

Already have
student loans?

Learn more →


FAQ

How do common student loan scams work?

Common student loan scams often promise student loan relief or a quick path to loan forgiveness in exchange for an upfront fee.

Is there a way to stop student loan scam calls?

It may not be possible to stop student loan scam calls completely. If you receive unwanted phone calls, block the phone number. You can also add your phone number to the national Do Not Call list. This list prevents telemarketers from contacting you via phone, but may not prevent scammers from reaching out.

If you receive unwanted calls after signing up for the Do Not Call list, you can report them to the FTC.

What is student loan forgiveness fraud?

Student loan forgiveness fraud can occur when a company offers to assist borrowers with repayment or offers student loan forgiveness or relief in exchange for a fee. This is illegal. Most federal programs do not require a fee to access.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
If you are a federal student loan borrower, you should consider all of your repayment opportunities including the opportunity to refinance your student loan debt at a lower APR or to extend your term to achieve a lower monthly payment. Please note that once you refinance federal student loans you will no longer be eligible for current or future flexible payment options available to federal loan borrowers, including but not limited to income-based repayment plans or extended repayment plans.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOPS0222018

Read more
Jan
23
2022
man on laptop with plants

Understanding Student Loan Requirements

By | Fresh Out of School, Student Loans, student_loan | No Comments

Whether you apply for federal or private loans, you’ll need to meet several student loan requirements to receive your funds. Those requirements can vary depending on what type of loan you want.

It’s important to know exactly what the requirements are before applying. Because while student loans are a popular way to help pay for college, getting approved isn’t a given. Read on to learn the requirements for different types of federal loans as well as private loans.

Federal Student Loan Requirements

There are four different types of federal student loans available to college students and their parents. Loans generally require:

•   Demonstrated financial need (for most programs)

•   U.S. citizen or eligible non-citizen

•   Social Security number

•   Enrollment in or acceptance to an eligible degree or certificate program

•   Attendance at least half-time

•   Maintenance of satisfactory academic progress

•   Completion of the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®) form

•   Agreement to use the loan for educational purposes only

•   You’re not in default on a federal student loan and don’t owe money on a federal grant

•   High school diploma or GED certificate, state-approved homeschool setting, or enrollment in an eligible career pathway program and “ability-to-benefit” alternative

Depending on the type of loan, though, there may be additional requirements that parents or students need to meet. Read on for a quick breakdown of some additional requirements by loan type.

Direct Subsidized Loans

With Direct Subsidized Loans, the federal government covers your interest costs while you’re still in school. To qualify, you need to be an undergraduate student enrolled at least half-time at a participating school that will lead to a degree or a certificate. And you must show financial need through the FAFSA form.

Direct Unsubsidized Loans

With a Direct Unsubsidized Loan, you do not need to demonstrate financial need, and you are responsible for paying interest on the loan from the time you take it out. To qualify, you must be an undergraduate, graduate, or professional student who is enrolled at a participating school at least half-time. Typically, the program must result in a degree or certificate.

Recommended: College Tuition Payment Plans

Direct PLUS Loans

You can apply for a Direct PLUS Loan if you’re a graduate or professional student, or a parent of an undergraduate student. You generally can’t have an adverse credit history, which means, as stated by the Department of Education (DOE), you may not qualify if you have any of the following on your credit report:

•   Accounts with a total outstanding balance over $2,085 that are 90 or more days delinquent, or that have been placed in collection or charged off within the last two years.

•   Default determination within the last five years.

•   Bankruptcy discharge within the past five years.

•   Repossession during the last five years.

•   Foreclosure within the last five years.

•   Charge-off / write-off of federal student loans during the last five years.

•   Wage garnishment within the last five years.

•   Tax lien within the past five years.

That being said, if you do have an adverse credit history, you may still be able to receive a Direct PLUS Loan if you meet either of the following requirements and also complete credit counseling:

•   You get an endorser who does not have an adverse credit history.

•   You demonstrate to the DOE that you have extenuating circumstances relating to your adverse credit history.

Recommended: How To Pay for Grad School

Direct Consolidation Loans

A Direct Consolidation Loan allows you to consolidate multiple federal loans into one loan. To qualify, you must have one or more eligible loans and meet other requirements, including:

•   The loans must be in repayment or in the six-month grace period after you leave school.

•   In general, you must have at least one loan that isn’t already a consolidated loan.

•   If one or more loans are in default, you must make at least three consecutive monthly payments or agree to repay the Direct Consolidation Loan under one of the available income-driven repayment plans.

•   If your wages are being garnished to make payments on a defaulted federal loan, you can’t consolidate it until the wage garnishment order has been lifted or the judgment has been vacated.

Private Student Loan Requirements

While federal student loans often have the same requirements across the board because the DOE is the lender on all of them, that isn’t the case with private student loans. With private loans, requirements vary by lender, which means you may qualify for a loan from one private student loan company and not with another.

The requirements for a private student loan can also depend on what type you’re applying for, such as an undergraduate loan, graduate loan, or specialized loan.

In general, all private student lenders require a credit check and a minimum annual income. This means that if you don’t have a credit history, you may need a cosigner with an established credit history and a solid income to apply for the loan with you.

Each lender has different requirements when it comes to student loans. Common requirements among major private student loan companies include:

•   U.S. citizen, permanent resident, or international student.

•   Social Security number (some don’t require this for international students).

•   International students generally must have a cosigner.

•   Attendance at an eligible school.

•   Enrollment in a degree program and attendance at least half-time (some allow you to be less than half-time).

Depending on the lender, there may be other student loan qualification requirements and limitations, so it’s important to shop around to compare lenders and read the terms to make sure you qualify.

Also, look for private student lenders that allow you to get prequalified with just a soft credit check. This can give you an idea of your approval chances and show you possible loan terms you might qualify for without dinging your credit score.

The Takeaway

There are a number of requirements you may have to meet in order to qualify for a student loan. The requirements for different types of federal student loans tend to have more overlap, as they all have the same lender. Some are administrative, such as having a Social Security number. Others are risk-related, like not being in default on any previous student loans. Requirements for private student loans vary from lender to lender.

If you’re getting ready to apply for a loan to fund your education, make sure to explore your options and compare terms and rates. SoFi offers private student loans with fixed or variable rates and a number of repayment options.

SoFi offers no-fee private student loans for undergraduate and graduate students or their parents.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOIS1122001

Read more
Jan
20
2022
What Is USD Coin (USDC)? A Guide to the Stablecoin

What Is USD Coin (USDC)? A Guide to the Stablecoin

By | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off on What Is USD Coin (USDC)? A Guide to the Stablecoin

U.S. Dollar Coin (USDC) is one of the most popular stablecoins — a type of cryptocurrency that keeps its price pegged to the same price as another asset, in this case, the U.S. dollar.

Stablecoins have a variety of use cases and continue to grow in terms of trading volume and market cap. In 2021, the stablecoin market was worth about $130 billion, making USDC the second-largest stablecoin in circulation.

How Does USDC Work?

USD Coin runs on Ethereum, which is a programmable blockchain. The coin was created to be a form of digital money that wouldn’t be subject to wild price swings.

USDC is an ERC-20 token, which means it conforms to a certain set of programmatic standards that developers must follow to have their token issued on Ethereum. ERC-20 is the standard for utility tokens, which serve a specific function. In a sense, a stablecoin like USDC can be thought of as a type of utility token, in that it acts as a substitute for dollars within the digital asset space.

Dollar-denominated assets back the issuance of USDC tokens at a 1:1 ratio. For each coin in circulation, there is an equivalent amount of assets.

Who Created USDC?

USDC was created through a collaboration between Coinbase, the largest U.S.-based cryptocurrency exchange, and Circle, a financial services firm that is backed by some large financial institutions such as Goldman Sachs.

Based in Boston, Circle started in 2013 as a way to quickly and easily send money. The company quickly found its way into crypto and announced that they had acquired crypto exchange Poloniex in April 2020.

Price of USDC

The price of USDC remains pegged at $1. However, because the price of anything is determined by buyers and sellers, it can fluctuate slightly from time to time.

Sometimes investors try to eke out small gains by selling USDC on crypto exchanges for a few fractions of a penny higher than $1. Some traders might be willing to buy USDC at the slightly higher price if they want to exchange a different currency for one pegged to the dollar immediately.

Why Does USDC Have Value?

USDC is thought to have value because of the assets backing it. Circle backs each coin with cash and cash equivalents. For every new U.S. Dollar Coin created, there is supposed to be an equal amount of dollar assets held at Circle.

With the growing popularity of decentralized finance (DeFi) and centralized lending platforms, demand for USDC continues to rise, as the coin makes it easy for people to conduct financial transactions without leaving the crypto ecosystem.

People who don’t have access to the traditional finance system — who are sometimes referred to as the “unbanked” — may also benefit from USDC. Rather than needing a bank account, which can be difficult to get, USDC users only need an internet-connected device and a wallet that supports ERC-20 tokens.

Why Use USDC

There are several reasons someone might choose to use a cryptocurrency with a stable value:

•   As a means of payment. If an individual wants to make a payment using crypto, they can rely on USDC to have a consistent value across time, without the sometimes-extreme price fluctuations that are common among cryptocurrencies.

•   As a way to take profits. Traders like stablecoins because they can lock in gains while remaining within the crypto ecosystem. This may also potentially delay some of the taxable events associated with selling cryptocurrency for fiat currency (note: this is not tax advice).

•   As a way to earn interest. Some platforms offer users interest payments in exchange for USDC deposits. Celsius and Vauld are among those that reward users for offering their USDC as collateral to be lent out to other users. It’s worth noting that there is risk involved with this activity.

•   Making transparent donations to charity. People can use USDC to make charitable contributions that can be seen by everyone.

Advantages and Disadvantages of USDC

There are advantages and disadvantages to using USDC stablecoin. This chart outlines the biggest pros and cons.

Pros

 Cons
Price stability No potential for price appreciation
Lots of liquidity Depending on the current state of the Ethereum network, transaction fees can be high
Good reputation and is backed by Circle’s assets Fees for withdrawing USDC from exchanges can also be high

How Can I Buy USDC?

Investors can buy USDC on any crypto exchange that offers trading for the token. You will need some U.S. dollars or cryptocurrency that trades against USDC to get started.

To buy USDC, do the following:

1.    Find an exchange that trades USDC. Many exchanges have trading pairs that include USDC against Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.

2.    Create an account on the exchange.

3.    Fund your account. Tip: depositing cryptos can be faster than depositing fiat currency like U.S. dollars.

4.    Exchange the currency you used to fund your account for USDC.

The exact mechanics will look slightly different depending on the specific exchange, but these steps outline the general process.

How to Sell USDC

Selling USDC involves the same steps as buying. Once an exchange account has been set up, it’s simply a matter of placing a sell order instead of a buy order. USDC can often be sold for other cryptocurrencies or regular U.S. dollars. Note that depositing or withdrawing U.S. dollars typically requires additional user verification and linking a bank account.

Can You Stake USDC?

USDC is not a proof-of-stake token, so it can’t be staked. However, there are crypto lending services that allow investors to deposit their USDC and get paid interest in return. Like a bank, the platforms lend out the USDC at interest and pass on some of the profits to the depositor.

Unlike traditional savings accounts, some crypto lending platforms offer interest rates of anywhere from 8% to 12% or more. As with any investment, there are risks involved, and investors would be wise to do their own research first.

The Takeaway

USD Coin (USDC) can provide an easy way to transfer crypto into dollars without the friction typically associated with using real U.S. dollars. The coin can serve as a bridge between the traditional financial system and the blockchain-powered open financial system.

USDC can be exchanged back into crypto if desired. Some lending platforms also offer attractive interest rates on USDC deposits. One drawback, however, is that because USDC exists as an ERC-20 token on the Ethereum network, the token can be subject to high gas fees at times.

Photo credit: iStock/Prostock-Studio

SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Crypto: Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies aren’t endorsed or guaranteed by any government, are volatile, and involve a high degree of risk. Consumer protection and securities laws don’t regulate cryptocurrencies to the same degree as traditional brokerage and investment products. Research and knowledge are essential prerequisites before engaging with any cryptocurrency. US regulators, including FINRA , the SEC , and the CFPB , have issued public advisories concerning digital asset risk. Cryptocurrency purchases should not be made with funds drawn from financial products including student loans, personal loans, mortgage refinancing, savings, retirement funds or traditional investments. Limitations apply to trading certain crypto assets and may not be available to residents of all states.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

SOIN1221538

Read more
Jan
19
2022
A Guide to Sharding in Crypto

A Guide to Sharding in Crypto

By | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off on A Guide to Sharding in Crypto

Sharding is a method of making a database more manageable for computers. This technique has been used in many modern applications but its use in blockchain is still relatively new.

Sharding is important when it comes to crypto because many networks have difficulty scaling. Some of the largest blockchain networks, like Ethereum, are considering sharding as a potential way to manage their rapidly growing number of users and transactions.

In this guide to crypto sharding, we’ll explore the basic concept of sharding and how it could be applied to blockchain technology.

What Is Sharding?

Sharding is one potential solution to the problem of scaling a blockchain network. Sharding involves splitting a blockchain into multiple pieces, or shards, and storing them in different places. By storing the data across different computers, the computational burden on each can be reduced. This allows the network to process a larger volume of transactions.

A typical peer-to-peer (P2P) network such as a blockchain involves multiple full nodes (computers) that each record copies of the entire chain’s history. Using sharding, it’s possible for nodes to function without having to maintain all of that data at once.

How Does Sharding Work?

Sharding involves splitting a large database of the same type into multiple databases. Because this makes for an algorithm that can be more easily generalized, it’s possible to implement sharding at either the application level or the database level.

Sharding has another name — horizontal partitioning. The term horizontal in this case refers to the traditional layout of a database. A database can be split horizontally, with rows of the same database being distributed across multiple nodes, or vertically, with different information in a separate database.

Vertical partitioning involves drawing a logical split within an application’s data. This is often done at the application level, with a piece of code routing commands to a designated database.

Distributed Ledger Technology and Sharding

A distributed ledger is a database that stores information on multiple servers that are distributed throughout different locations. Blockchain technology involves using a type of distributed ledger that aims to be decentralized.

Sharding can be implemented on databases like the ones maintained by distributed ledger technology (DLT). In this case, the database is typically a record of transactions, along with quite a lot of pertinent data, including:

•   The time each transaction was sent

•   Its transaction hash (a unique number identifying the transaction)

•   Which block the transaction was confirmed in

•   The amount of currency sent

•   The public address of the sender and receiver

With millions of users sending millions of transactions, as time goes on, full nodes have to manage a larger and larger database.

Scalability and Sharding

One of the biggest problems faced by blockchains is scaling. Scaling refers to being able to grow the number of users and transactions on a network.

When a new project becomes popular quickly, its network often gets congested, resulting in high transaction fees as people compete to have their transaction processed in the next block (users can adjust the fee they pay to miners in exchange for processing a transaction. When everyone wants to send a transaction, they might be willing to pay more and more, bidding up prices).

Sharding is one of many proposed solutions to this problem. A network that utilizes sharding can reduce the burden placed upon its nodes, allowing them to function more efficiently without an increase in computing power.

How Sharding Is Done

The details of how sharding is implemented get very technical. Those who understand distributed ledgers, coding, and databases might already have an idea of how it works. Others will have a lot of research to do if they want to learn more.

Sharding is typically done on proof-of-stake (PoS) networks, as opposed to proof-of-work (POW) networks. In the PoS consensus mechanism, nodes validate transactions based on the amount of tokens they have staked. Sharding would involve stakers dealing with different shards of the same blockchain.

Implementing sharding on proof-of-work (PoW) networks is very difficult. Nodes would have difficulty validating transactions with only the information from a single shard.

Blockchain Nodes and Sharding

The computers that facilitate transactions in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network like a blockchain are referred to as nodes. The most common type of node is an archival full node. Full nodes archive a copy of the blockchain’s entire history. For larger networks like Bitcoin and Ethereum, this requires quite a lot of memory and computing power.

The tasks of a node include:

•   Processing transactions

•   Recording transactions

•   Broadcasting transactions

These require computing power, storage, and network bandwidth, respectively.

With sharding, full nodes no longer have to store or process the entirety of the network’s activities. Instead, each node only has to maintain data related to its shard.

Shard Sharing

The information of a shard can still be shared with other nodes. This maintains the security and decentralization of the network because all participants can still see all the ledger entries. They just aren’t required to store and process every bit of information.

Is Sharding Necessary?

Sharding is not always necessary. Only networks that are having difficulty scaling are likely to consider sharding. Where other solutions will suffice, developers may opt to forgo sharding due to the additional complexities it can add to an application.

Another method of scaling that has been growing in popularity lately is the use of layer-2s. A layer-2 is a solution that involves processing transactions off-chain, separate from the base layer of the ledger. This can decrease transaction times and decrease fees dramatically.

Bitcoin’s Lightning network is one example of a layer-2 solution. Lightning allows for instant transactions that cost a fraction of a penny.

Pros and Cons of Sharding

There are advantages and disadvantages to using sharding in cryptocurrency. It can be a great way for some networks to scale, but there are still some unknowns, and most developers believe it might not work for every blockchain.

Pros of Sharding

 Cons of Sharding
Allows for greater scalability Difficult for proof-of-work protocols to implement
Reduces the processing and memory burden placed on full nodes Makes the database and its applications more complex
Works well for proof-of-stake networks Mostly untested for blockchain technology, meaning there are some unknowns surrounding security

The Takeaway

Sharding was being discussed a lot several years ago as a potential scaling solution. Recently, layer-2s are increasingly being looked at as an alternative.

Bitcoin’s Lightning and Ethereum’s layer-2 solutions — have both seen increasing adoption lately. It’s worth noting, however, that if Ethereum upgrades to Ethereum 2.0 and adopts proof-of-stake, sharding will become the main method used for scaling.

FAQ

Does ETH 2.0 have sharding?

After a series of delays, ETH 2.0 still hasn’t been launched as of December 2021. If ETH 2.0 does launch at some point in the future, then the network would likely adopt a proof-of-stake consensus mechanism and look to use sharding as its main scaling solution.

Is sharding in crypto always needed?

No, sharding is not always necessary. Because sharding can make things more complicated, developers sometimes opt for other solutions to the problem of scaling. This could simply involve getting a more expensive and powerful computer. Adding additional caches or database replicas can also work as a solution for applications that are bound by read performance. A database can also be vertically partitioned according to functionality.

Photo credit: iStock/Poike

SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Crypto: Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies aren’t endorsed or guaranteed by any government, are volatile, and involve a high degree of risk. Consumer protection and securities laws don’t regulate cryptocurrencies to the same degree as traditional brokerage and investment products. Research and knowledge are essential prerequisites before engaging with any cryptocurrency. US regulators, including FINRA , the SEC , and the CFPB , have issued public advisories concerning digital asset risk. Cryptocurrency purchases should not be made with funds drawn from financial products including student loans, personal loans, mortgage refinancing, savings, retirement funds or traditional investments. Limitations apply to trading certain crypto assets and may not be available to residents of all states.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOIN1221534

Read more

CATEGORIES

  • All
  • No categories
Close modal

See what SoFi can do for you and your finances.

Select a product below and get your rate in just minutes.

Student Loan
Refinancing

Personal
Loans

Online
Investments

Other

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. To qualify, a borrower must be a U.S. citizen or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., and meet SoFi's underwriting requirements. Not all borrowers receive the lowest rate. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. If approved, your actual rate will be within the range of rates at the time of application and will depend on a variety of factors, including term of loan, evaluation of your creditworthiness, income, and other factors. If SoFi is unable to offer you a loan but matches you for a loan with a participating bank, then your rate may be outside the range of rates listed above. Rates and Terms are subject to change at any time without notice. SoFi Personal Loans can be used for any lawful personal, family, or household purposes and may not be used for post-secondary education expenses. Minimum loan amount is $5,000. The average of SoFi Personal Loans funded in 2023 was around $33K. Information current as of 2/26/24. SoFi Personal Loans originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). See SoFi.com/legal for state-specific license details. See SoFi.com/eligibility for details and state restrictions.

✝ To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

©2024 Social Finance, LLC All rights reserved.
TLS 1.2 Encrypted
Equal Housing Lender