Preparing for Retirement Archives | Page 18 of 28

Aug

2023

Investing for Retirement: Tips and Options to Consider

By Dan Miller | invest, Investing, Preparing for Retirement | Comments Off

Saving steadily for retirement is important, but how you invest that money also matters. Fortunately, today’s retirement saver has a number of options to consider — many of which can make the task of investing for the future less daunting.

These days, you can choose from DIY investing options like a portfolio of stocks and bonds or other securities you choose yourself. You can also invest in mutual funds or exchange-traded funds to help lower costs and add diversification. There are also certain types of pre-set retirement funds and automated platforms (i.e. robo advisors) that use technology to help manage your portfolio.

If you’re saving for retirement, it helps to understand the options that best suit your goals and your personality so that you’re more likely to stick with a plan for the long term.

This article is part of SoFi’s Retirement Planning Guide, our coverage of all the steps you need to create a successful retirement plan.

The Importance of Investing for Retirement

Retirement may be a long way off or a short way down the road, depending on your age and stage of life. Either way, developing an investment strategy that can help your savings to grow is essential. For many people, retirement might last 10, 20, 30 years — or even more. A solid long-term investment strategy can help you build up the amount you need for those years where you’re no longer in the workforce.

Remember that the longer your money is invested, the more time you have for potential gains to compound and help your money grow. Compounding simply means that if your money potentially sees a return, or a profit from various investments, that growth can compound over time, with both your savings and your earnings seeing gains.

Time can also help with losses. The longer your time horizon, the more volatility or risk it may be safe for you to assume. If you have a time horizon of 30 or 40 years before you retire, you can probably afford to weather some short-term losses, knowing that your investment returns will likely balance themselves out over time.

Understanding Retirement Accounts

While this article will focus on investment options, it’s worth a reminder that the type of retirement account you choose is also important. You may have a workplace retirement account like a 401(k) or 403(b). You may have opened an Individual Retirement Arrangement (IRA), like a traditional IRA, a Roth IRA, or a SEP IRA.

Different accounts have different contribution limits, and different tax implications. Since both the amount you can save and how it will be taxed can have a long-term impact on your nest egg, be sure to spend time strategizing about which types of accounts make the most sense for you.

With a suitable combination of accounts, you can then begin to choose the investments that will populate that account.

Remember: Just because you open an IRA or set up your 401(k) at work doesn’t mean it comes with any investments. Like moving into a new home, it’s up to you to furnish the account.

Recommended: 401(k) vs IRA: What’s the Difference?

Investment Options

While investing for retirement can seem overwhelming, it doesn’t have to be. Again, there are various retirement strategies that have stood the test of time, as well as a number of investment options that can make a retirement saver’s life easier.

Here are a few options for retirement investing that you can consider:

DIY Investing

For investors who feel confident in managing their own retirement portfolio, and the securities within it, taking a DIY approach is an option.

You can purchase stocks, bonds, commodities, mutual funds, or any other types of securities for your long-term portfolio. While the term active investing brings to mind day traders, active investing can also mean taking a hands-on approach to managing your own portfolio.

This approach isn’t for everyone. It’s time and energy intensive, and it requires a certain amount of expertise in order to be successful. In addition, if you go this route, bear in mind that the same rules apply to all long-term investors.

• Be mindful of the contribution limits and tax implications of the retirement account you choose.

• Consider the cost of your investments, as fees can reduce your earnings over time.

• Consider using a strategy that includes some diversification, as this may help mitigate certain risks over time.

💡 Quick Tip: Before opening any investment account, consider what level of risk you are comfortable with. If you’re not sure, start with more conservative investments, and then adjust your portfolio as you learn more.

Index Funds

Index funds offer a basic way to invest for retirement. An index fund is a type of fund that tracks a broad market index. One of the most popular types of index funds tracks the S&P 500 index, for example, which mirrors the performance of the 500 largest U.S. companies.

There are hundreds of indexes, and many have corresponding funds that track different sectors of the market, e.g.: smaller companies, technology companies; sustainable or green companies; various types of bonds, and more.

Index funds don’t rely on a live team of portfolio managers, so they tend to be less expensive than actively managed funds. However, they have a downside which is that your money is pegged to the securities in that sector.

Automated Options

In the world of investing there really isn’t a truly automated “set it and forget it” strategy that will work on its own, without any input, for decades. But there are some options that are more hands-off than others.

• Target Date Funds

One such option is a target date fund. A target date fund is designed to be an all-inclusive portfolio option for people that are looking to retire on or near a certain date. For example, a 2050 target date fund is intended for people that will be ready for retirement in 2050.

Target date funds use a set of calculations to adjust the portfolio’s asset allocation over time. When a target date fund is decades away from the specified date, it might invest 80% in equities and 20% in fixed income or cash/cash equivalents. As the date draws nearer, it will automatically move more of its investments away from equities towards bonds, cash, or other investments with lower risk. This automatic readjustment is referred to as the glide path.

• Robo Advisors

Another option is an automated portfolio, commonly known as a robo advisor (although these services are not robots, and don’t typically offer advice).

A robo advisor platform offers a questionnaire for investors to gauge their time horizon (i.e. years to retirement or another goal), their risk level, and so forth.

The platform then uses sophisticated technology to recommend a portfolio of low-cost exchange-traded funds (ETFs).

While these are two of the more hands-off options, and they do offer the convenience of managing a portfolio on your behalf, these options have some downsides. The cost can be higher than other types of investment options. And there is very little flexibility. Investors typically cannot adjust the securities in these funds (although there may be some hybrid options in the market).

Recommended: How Do Robo Advisors Work

Hire an Advisor

If you still are not feeling comfortable investing for retirement on your own, you may want to consider using a financial advisor. Talk with your trusted friends or family members to get a recommendation.

Because an advisor introduces a new level of cost, be sure to ask how the person is compensated. Some advisors charge a flat fee, or an hourly rate, or some earn commissions — or combinations of the above.

Tips When Investing for Retirement

As you start investing for retirement, here are a few things that you’ll want to keep in mind:

Ask About Fees

Many investments come with fees that are charged by the advisor or company that manages the investment. These investment fees may be explicitly charged to your account, or they may be captured as part of the investment’s returns. Make sure to check any fees that are charged before you invest. There are many low-cost mutual funds that offer investment fees under 0.1% as compared to a financial advisor who may charge 1% or more. Even a small difference in the fees charged can make a huge difference on your returns when compounded over decades.

Plan for Taxes

You’ll also want to account for how your retirement investments will be taxed.

• Tax-Deferred Accounts

If you contribute to a traditional 401(k) or IRA, you may be eligible for a tax deduction in the tax year that you make the contribution (i.e. a contribution for tax year 2023 can be deducted on your 2023 taxes).

These accounts are called tax-deferred because you will owe taxes on your withdrawals.

• After-Tax Accounts

If you contribute to a Roth 401(k) or Roth IRA, you won’t get a tax deduction when you contribute — because you deposit after-tax dollars — instead, your withdrawals will be tax-free.

There are other differences between tax-deferred and after-tax accounts that can impact your nest egg. For example, once you reach the age of 73, you’re required to withdraw a minimum amount from a traditional IRA or 401(k) every year (also called RMDs or required minimum distributions). That doesn’t apply to Roth accounts.

• Taxable Investment Accounts

On the other hand, if you invest for retirement in a non-retirement or taxable account, you will owe income taxes on your gains whenever you sell those securities, which will affect your portfolio’s overall performance.

How Often Should I Adjust My Investments?

It’s generally considered a good idea to periodically adjust your investments by rebalancing your portfolio. Portfolio rebalancing is a way to adjust the mix of your investments. It means realigning the assets of a portfolio’s holdings to match your desired asset allocation.

If you have a robo advisor or investment advisor, they likely have you set up with a specific target of different types of investments. Over time, the advisor will rebalance your portfolio to keep it in line with your target percentages.

If you’re managing your investments yourself, you might rebalance your portfolio monthly, quarterly or annually, depending on the type of investments that you have.

The Takeaway

Investing for your retirement is one of the smartest things that you can do as part of an overall financial plan. While it may seem overwhelming, there are a few things that you can do to help streamline your investment plan.

Make sure that you understand the fees and taxes that come with different investment options. If you don’t feel comfortable managing your own portfolio, consider working with an advisor or investing in an automated portfolio.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Help grow your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

Can I invest for retirement if I have limited funds?

It is possible to invest for retirement if you have limited funds. In fact, if you have limited funds, that is one reason it’s even more important to invest for retirement. Especially if you are younger and have a long time before retirement, even a small amount can grow to be a sizable nest egg when its returns are compounded over many decades.

Should I adjust my investment strategy as I approach retirement?

How you choose to invest will depend on a number of factors, one of which is how close you are to retirement. One common strategy is to be more aggressive with your investment strategy when you are years or decades away from retirement. This can possibly lead to higher overall returns while you have a long time to smooth out the ups and downs of a high-risk, high-reward strategy. Then, as you get closer to retirement, you start to be more conservative with your investments in an attempt to better preserve capital.

What investment options are suitable for conservative investors?

Choosing your investment options will depend on your overall financial situation and tolerance for risk. Some examples of more conservative investments include bonds, cash, CDs, or Treasury bills. As you get closer to retirement, it can make sense to choose more conservative investments. You may give up some possible returns, but you may also be better insulated against large losses.

Photo credit: iStock/monkeybusinessimages

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Aug

2023

How to Rebalance Your 401(k)

By Rebecca Lake | invest, Investing, Preparing for Retirement | Comments Off

Rebalancing is the process of buying and selling assets in a portfolio to bring your allocations back into line with your investment goals. If you’re new to rebalancing 401(k) savings, it helps to know how it works and how often you might want to do it.

Making 401(k) contributions can help you build retirement wealth while enjoying some tax advantages. Periodic 401(k) rebalancing can ensure that your asset allocation aligns with your risk tolerance and financial goals.

This article is part of SoFi’s Retirement Planning Guide, our coverage of all the steps you need to create a successful retirement plan.

What Is Rebalancing Your 401(k)?

When you’re talking about a 401(k) rebalance, you’re talking about buying or selling investments in your workplace retirement plan to bring them back into alignment with the original percentages you started with.

Example

If you started with 50% in equities (stocks) and 50% in bonds, over time that portfolio balance will drift as the value of those securities rises or falls. You can then rebalance your portfolio to restore the original 50-50 ratio. (Or you can adjust your allocation according to a new ratio that reflects what you’re comfortable with today.)

Rebalancing isn’t the same as changing your 401(k) contributions. That usually refers to increasing — or decreasing — the amount of your salary you defer into your plan. If you’re wondering can you change your 401(k) contribution at any time, the answer is usually yes, though it might depend on your plan administrator’s rules.

When you rebalance 401(k) assets, you’re changing where you invest the money you contribute. How you determine your retirement goals and your risk tolerance can shape your ideal asset allocation.

When to Rebalance Your 401(k)

How often should I rebalance my 401(k)? It’s a common question, but there’s no uniform answer, as every investor’s needs and goals are different. As a general rule of thumb, you might revisit your 401(k) allocation at least once a year. But rebalancing 401(k) savings could make sense at any time when your allocation no longer matches up with your investment goals.

Life changes might affect your decision of how often to rebalance 401(k) assets. For example, you might need to take a second look at your assets if you get married, have a child, or get divorced. Any of those situations can influence the way you approach investing, including how much risk you’re comfortable taking and how much you might need your 401(k) to grow to hit your retirement target.

Age is also a consideration for deciding when to rebalance a portfolio. When you’re younger with years ahead of you to ride out periodic ups and downs in the market, you might not be too concerned with rebalancing your 401(k) assets. You can afford to take greater risks at this stage to earn greater rewards with your investments.
As you get older, however, you might naturally begin to gravitate toward more conservative investments. If you find yourself growing less tolerant of risk, that’s a sign that it might be time for some 401(k) rebalancing.

Recommended: Average Retirement Savings by Age

Example of Rebalancing a 401(k)

Rebalancing 401(k) assets is a fairly straightforward process. First, you’d need to decide what you want your target asset allocation to look like. From there, you’d either buy or sell assets until your portfolio achieves the right balance.

Let’s say that you’re 35 years old and your target 401(k) portfolio allocation is 85% stocks and 15% bonds. Upon checking your latest statement, realize that your asset makeup is actually 75% stocks and 25% bonds. You could rebalance 401(k) investments by selling 10% of your bond holdings, then reinvesting the proceeds into stocks.

You can do that without any tax consequences as long as you’re not withdrawing money from your plan. Should you decide later that it makes more sense to move back to a 75%/25% split, you could sell off some of your stocks and purchase bonds instead.

💡 Quick Tip: Want to lower your taxable income? Start saving for retirement by opening an IRA online. The money you save each year is tax deductible (and you don’t owe any taxes until you withdraw the funds, usually in retirement).

Benefits of Rebalancing Your 401(k)

What is rebalancing meant to do for you? A few things, actually, and there are good reasons to consider regular 401(k) rebalancing.

Here are some of the main advantages of paying attention to your 401(k) allocation.

• Manage risk. Rebalancing your retirement savings can help ensure that you’re not taking more risk with your investments than you’re comfortable with. At the same time, it allows you to see if you’re taking enough risk in order to reach your goals.

In the example above, rebalancing the portfolio so it has a higher percentage invested in stocks will increase the portfolio’s risk/reward ratio. Stocks tend to be higher-risk investments, with a higher risk of loss and a higher potential for rewards.

• Maximize returns. If your 401(k) allocation becomes too conservative, you could miss out on opportunities to earn greater returns. Rebalancing can prevent that from happening so that you have a better chance of achieving the level of returns you’re looking for.

• Keep pace with changing goals. As mentioned, life changes and age can influence your asset allocation preferences. Should your goals or needs change, rebalancing can help you adjust your financial plan both for the short- and long-term.

Is there a downside to 401(k) rebalancing? There can be if the investments you’re buying underperform and don’t deliver the level of returns you’re expecting. Another unintended consequence centers on cost. If you’re swapping out lower-cost investments in your 401(k) for ones with higher fees, that could offset any benefits you might realize in the form of better returns.

Steps for Rebalancing Your 401(k)

Ready to rebalance your 401(k)? The process itself isn’t that difficult, though you may want to spend some time researching the different investment options offered through your plan.

Calculate Current Asset Allocations

The first step in 401(k) rebalancing is figuring out what kind of asset split you currently have. In other words, what percentage of your account is dedicated to stocks, bonds, or other assets.

You may be able to do that by logging in to your 401(k) plan and checking your asset allocation. Many plan administrators offer online investment portfolio tracking so you can see at a glance how much you have invested in stocks, bonds, or other securities.

If your plan doesn’t automatically calculate your allocation, you can figure it out yourself by identifying the amount of money assigned to each investment, dividing it by the total value of your account, then multiplying by 100.

For example, say that you have $120,000 in your 401(k) and $72,000 of that is in stocks. If you divide $72,000 by $120,000, then multiply by 100, you get 60%. That means 60% of your 401(k) portfolio is stocks. You can perform the same calculation for each type of investment in your plan.

Compare to Target Asset Allocations

Once you know how your 401(k) assets break down, you can compare those percentages to your target percentages. For example, if you’ve got 60% of your 401(k) in stocks and your goal is 80% stocks, then you know you’ve got a 20% gap to close.

How you set your target allocations is entirely up to you and, again, it can depend on things like:

• Your age

• Risk tolerance

• Investment goals

• Time frame for investing

You might try using a basic rule of thumb like the rule of 100 or rule of 120 to find a starting point for allocating assets. These rules suggest subtracting your age from 100 or 120, then using that number as a guide for allocating your portfolio to stocks.

For example, if you’re 35, then based on the rule of 120, stocks should account for 85% of your portfolio. You could also look at how much you have saved versus what you need to save. This kind of retirement gap analysis can tell you how close or how far away you are to your goals and where you might need to adjust your savings strategy.

Sell Overweight Assets

Now that you know what your target allocation should be, you can take the next step and sell off overweight assets. These are the ones that are causing your asset allocation to skew away from your ideal alignment.

If you need more stocks, for example, then you’d sell off bonds. And if you want a more conservative allocation, you’d sell some of your stocks so you can use the money to buy more bonds.

Buy Underweight Assets

The last step is to buy underweight assets in order to bring your 401(k) portfolio back in line with where you want it to be. There are a couple of ways you can do this.

First, you could make a large, one-time purchase using the proceeds from the overweight assets that you sold. That might be easiest if you don’t want to make any changes to future allocations of your 401(k) contributions.

The other option is to change your allocations to direct future 401(k) contributions to underweight assets. What you have to keep in mind here is that once you reach your target allocation, you may need to change your future allocation preferences again so that you don’t accidentally end up overweight in one asset class.

One more possibility when considering how to manage 401(k) asset allocation is to check with your plan administrator to see if automatic rebalancing is an option. An automatic rebalance 401(k) feature could make keeping your allocation easier so you don’t have to spend as much time worrying about your assets.

Consider a Target Date Fund

If you want to skip rebalancing altogether, you might consider investing in a target date fund in your 401(k). Target date funds have an asset allocation that shifts automatically over time as you get closer to retirement.

You choose a target date fund based on your expected retirement date and the fund does the rest. Target date funds offer convenience since you don’t have to actively rebalance, but they might not be right for everyone. If the fund’s allocation doesn’t adjust in a way that’s consistent with your goals, you might be overexposed or underexposed to risk.

The Takeaway

When can I retire? It’s a big question, and if you’re contributing to a 401(k), it helps to know how to make the most of it. Rebalancing your 401(k) can help you stick to an asset allocation that makes the most sense for you. You also have the option of changing your allocation if your risk tolerance changes or your goals shift.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Easily manage your retirement savings with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

Is it good to rebalance your 401(k)?

It’s a good idea to rebalance your 401(k) if you’re concerned about taking too much risk — or not enough — with your investments. Rebalancing 401(k) assets is usually recommended when you experience life changes that affect your retirement goals and as you get older.

Should I rebalance my 401(k) before a recession?

Whether it makes sense to rebalance a 401(k) before a recession can depend on your current asset allocation and what you perceive the biggest threat to be should a recession occur. If you’re heavily invested in securities that are typically recession-proof or tend to fare well in economic downturns, then rebalancing might not be necessary. On the other hand, you might need to make some shifts in your 401(k) assets if you think a recession could expose you to more risk than you’re comfortable with.

Does it cost money to rebalance 401(k)?

It shouldn’t cost you any money to rebalance a 401(k), since you’re buying and selling assets in the same plan. You may want to ask your plan administrator whether any transaction fees will apply before you move ahead with 401(k) rebalancing. Keep in mind that taking money out of your plan to buy investments could cost you, since early withdrawals are subject to tax penalties.

Should I rebalance my 401(k) in a bear market?

Whether you should rebalance your 401(k) in a bear market can depend on the type of assets you’re holding and where you think stocks might be headed next. Bear markets can be opportunities for investors who are comfortable taking more risk, as you might be able to find investments at bargain prices when the market is down. Once the market recovers, those discounted investments might pay you back in the form of substantial gains as prices rise again.

Photo credit: iStock/miniseries

Aug

2023

What Is a Money Purchase Pension Plan (MPPP)? How Is It Different From a 401(k)?

By Rebecca Lake | invest, Investing, Preparing for Retirement | Comments Off

A money purchase pension plan or MPPP is an employer-sponsored retirement plan that requires employers to contribute money on behalf of employees each year. The plan itself defines the amount the employer must contribute. Employees may also have the option to make contributions from their pay.

Money purchase pension plans have some similarities to more commonly used retirement plans such as 401(k)s, pension plans, and corporate profit sharing plans. If you have access to a MPPP plan at work, it’s important to understand how it works and where it might fit into your overall retirement strategy.

What Is a Money Purchase Pension Plan?

Money purchase pension plans are a type of defined contribution plan. That means they don’t guarantee a set benefit amount at retirement. Instead, these retirement plans allow employers and/or employees to contribute money up to annual contribution limits.

Like other retirement accounts, participants can make withdrawals when they reach their retirement age. In the meantime, the account value can increase or decrease based on investment gains or losses.

Money purchase pension plans require the employer to make predetermined fixed contributions to the plan on behalf of all eligible employees. The company must make these contributions on an annual basis as long as the plan is maintained.

Contributions to a money purchase plan grow on a tax-deferred basis. Employees do not have to make contributions to the plan, but they may be allowed to do so, depending on the plan. The IRS does allow for loans from money purchase plans but it does not permit in-service withdrawals.

💡 Quick Tip: Before opening an investment account, know your investment objectives, time horizon, and risk tolerance. These fundamentals will help keep your strategy on track and with the aim of meeting your goals.

What Are the Money Purchase Pension Plan Contribution Limits?

Each money purchase plan determines what its own contribution limits are, though the amount can’t exceed maximum limits set by the IRS. For example, an employer’s plan may specify that they must contribute 5% or 10% of each employee’s pay into that employee’s MPPP plan account.

Annual money purchase plan contribution limits are similar to SEP IRA contribution limits. For 2023, the maximum contribution allowed is the lesser of:

• 25% of the employee’s compensation, OR

• $66,000

The IRS routinely adjusts the contribution limits for money purchase pension plans and other qualified retirement accounts based on inflation. The amount of money an employee will have in their money purchase plan upon retirement depends on the amount that their employer contributed on their behalf, the amount the employee contributed, and how their investments performed during their working years. Your account balance may be one factor in determining when you can retire.

Rules for money purchase plan distributions are the same as other qualified plans, in that you can begin withdrawing money penalty-free starting at age 59 ½. If you take out money before that, you may owe an early withdrawal penalty.

Like a pension plan, money purchase pension plans must offer the option to receive distributions as a lifetime annuity. Money purchase plans can also offer other distribution options, including a lump sum. Participants do not pay taxes on their accounts until they begin making withdrawals.

The Pros and Cons of Money Purchase Pension Plans

Money purchase pension plans have some benefits, but there are also some drawbacks that participants should keep in mind.

Pros of Money Purchase Plans

Here are some of the advantages for employees and employers who have a money purchase plan.

• Tax benefits. For employers, contributions made on behalf of their workers are tax deductible. Contributions grow tax-free for employees, allowing them to put off taxes on investment growth until they begin withdrawing the money.

• Loan access. Employees may be able to take loans against their account balances if the plan permits it.

• Potential for large balances. Given the relatively high contribution limits, employees may be able to accumulate account balances higher than they would with a 401(k) retirement plan, depending on their pay and the percentage their employer contributes on their behalf.

• Reliable income in retirement. When employees retire and begin drawing down their account, the regular monthly payments through a lifetime annuity can help with budgeting and planning.

Disadvantages of Money Purchase Pension Plan

Most of the disadvantages associated with money purchase pension plans impact employers rather than employees.

• Expensive to maintain. The administrative and overhead costs of maintaining a money purchase plan can be higher than those associated with other types of defined contribution plans.

• Heavy financial burden. Since contributions in a money purchase plan are required (unlike the optional employer contributions to a 401(k)), a company could run into issues in years when cash flow is lower.

• Employees may not be able to contribute. Depending on the terms of a plan, employees may not be able to make contributions to the plan. However, if the employer offers both a money purchase plan and a 401(k), employees could still defer part of their salary for retirement.

💡 Quick Tip: Want to lower your taxable income? Start saving for retirement with a traditional IRA. The money you save each year is tax deductible (and you don’t owe any taxes until you withdraw the funds, usually in retirement).

Money Purchase Pension Plan vs 401(k)

The main differences between a pension vs 401(k) have to do with their funding and the way the distributions work. In a money purchase plan, the employer provides the funding with optional employee contribution.

With a 401(k), employees fund accounts with elective salary deferrals and option employer contributions. For both types of plans, the employer may implement a vesting schedule that determines when the employee can keep all of the employer’s contributions if they leave the company. Employee contributions always vest immediately.

The total annual contribution limits (including both employer and employee contributions) for these defined contribution plans are the same, at $66,000 for 2023. But 401(k) plans allow for catch-up contributions made by employees aged 50 or older. For 2023, the total employee contribution limit is $22,500 with an extra catch-up contribution of $7,500.

Both plans may or may not allow for loans, and it’s possible to roll amounts held in a money purchase pension plan or a 401(k) over into a new qualified plan or an Individual Retirement Account (IRA) if you change jobs or retire.

Employees may also be able to take hardship withdrawals from a 401(k) if they meet certain conditions, but the IRS does not allow hardship withdrawals from a money purchase pension plan.

Here’s a side-by-side comparison of a MPPP and a 401(k):

	MPPP Plan	401(k) Plan
Funded by	Employer contributions, with employee contributions optional	Employee salary deferrals, with employer matching contributions optional
Tax status	Contributions are tax-deductible for employers, growth is tax-deferred for employees	Contributions are tax-deductible for employers and employees, growth is tax-deferred for employees
Contribution limits (2023)	Lesser of 25% of employee’s pay or $66,000	$22,500, with catch-up contributions of $7,500 for employees 50 or older
Catch-up contributions allowed	No	Yes, for employers 50 and older
Loans permitted	Yes, if the plan allows	Yes, if the plan allows
Hardship withdrawals	No	Yes, if the plan allows
Vesting	Determined by the employer	Determined by the employer

The Takeaway

Money purchase pension plans are a valuable tool for employees to reach their retirement goals. They’re similar to 401(k)s, but there are some important differences.

Whether you save for retirement in a money purchase pension plan, a 401(k), or another type of account the most important thing is to get started. The sooner you begin saving for retirement, the more time your money will have to grow through the power of compounding returns.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Easily manage your retirement savings with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

Here are answers to some additional questions you may have about money pension purchase plans.

What is a pension money purchase scheme?

A money purchase pension plan or money purchase plan is a defined contribution plan that allows employers to save money on behalf of their employees. These plans are similar to profit-sharing plans ,and companies may offer them alongside a 401(k) plan as part of an employee’s retirement benefits package.

Can I cash in my money purchase pension?

You can cash in a money purchase pension at retirement in place of receiving lifetime annuity payments. Otherwise, early withdrawals from a money purchase pension plan are typically not permitted, and if you do take money early, taxes and penalties may apply.

Is final salary pension for life?

A final salary pension is a defined benefit plan. Unlike a defined contribution plan, defined benefit plans pay out a set amount of money at retirement, typically based on your earnings and number of years of service. Final salary pensions can be paid as a lump sum or as a lifetime annuity, meaning you get paid for the remainder of your life.

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Aug

2023

Building a Nest Egg in 5 Steps

By AJ Smith | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing, Preparing for Retirement | Comments Off

A nest egg can help you save for future goals, such as buying a home or for your retirement. Building a nest egg is an important part of a financial strategy, as it can help you cover important costs or allow you to become financially secure.

A financial nest egg requires some planning and commitment. In general, the sooner you start building a nest egg, the better.

What Is a Nest Egg?

So what is a nest egg exactly? A financial nest egg is a large amount of money that someone saves and/or invests to meet a certain financial goal. Usually, a nest egg focuses on longer-term goals such as saving for retirement, paying for a child’s college education, or buying a home.

A nest egg could also help you handle emergency costs — such as medical bills, pricey home fixes, or car repairs. There is no one answer for what a nest egg should be used for, as it depends on each person’s unique aims and circumstances.

Understanding How a Nest Egg Works

There are a few things to know about how to successfully build a nest egg.

• You have to have a plan. Unlike saving for short-term goals, building a nest egg takes time and you need a strategy. A common technique is to save a certain amount each month or each week.

• You need to save your savings. This may sound obvious, but in order to save money every week or month, you have to put it in a savings or investment account of some sort. If you “save” the money in your checking account, you may end up spending your savings.

• Don’t touch your nest egg. The flip side of that equation is about spending: In order for your nest egg to grow and for you to reach your savings goals by a certain age, you have to make it untouchable. When saving a nest egg, you have to keep your saved money out of reach and protect it.

How Much Money Should Be in Your Nest Egg?

There is no one correct and specific amount a nest egg should be. The amount is different for each person, depending on their needs. It also depends on what you’re using your nest egg for. If you’re using it to buy a house, for instance, you’ll likely need less than if you are using your nest egg for retirement.

As a general rule, some financial advisers suggest saving 80% of your annual income for retirement. However, the amount is different for each person, depending on the type of lifestyle they want to have in retirement. For instance, someone who wants to travel a lot may want to save 90% or more of their annual income.

A retirement calculator can help you determine if you’re on track to reach your retirement goals.

What Are Nest Eggs Used for?

As mentioned, nest eggs are often used for future financial goals, such as retirement, a child’s education, or buying a house.

A nest egg can also be used for emergency costs, such as expensive home repairs, medical bills, or car repairs.

5 Steps to Building a Nest Egg

1. Set a SMART Financial Goal

The SMART goal technique is a popular method for setting goals, including financial ones. The SMART technique calls for goals to be (S)pecific, (M)easurable, (A)chievable, (R)elevant, and (T)ime bound.

With this approach, it’s not enough just to say, “I want to learn how to build a nest egg for emergencies.” The SMART goal technique requires you to walk through each step:

• Be Specific: How much money is needed for an emergency? One rule of thumb is to save at least three months worth of living expenses, in case of a crisis like an illness or layoff. But you also approach it from another angle: Maybe you just want $1,800 in the bank for car and home repairs.

• Make it Measurable and Achievable: Once you decide on the amount that’s your target goal, you can figure out exactly how to build a nest egg that will support that goal. If you want to save money from your salary, such as $1,800, you’d set aside $200 per month for nine months — or $100 per month for 18 months. Be sure to create a roadmap that’s measurable and doable for you.

Last, keeping your goal Relevant and Time-bound is a part of the first three steps, but it also entails something further: You must keep your goal a priority. And you must stick to your timeframe in order to reach it.

For example, if you commit to saving $200 per month for nine months in order to have an emergency fund of $1,800, that means you can’t suddenly earmark that $200 for something else.

2. Create a Budget

It’s vital to have a plan in order to create a nest egg — for the simple reason that saving a larger amount of money takes time and focus. A budget is an excellent tool for helping you save the amount you need steadily over time. But a budget only works if you can live with it.

There are numerous methods to manage how you spend and save, so find one that suits you as you build up your nest egg. There’s the 50-30-20 plan, the envelope method, the zero-based budget, etc. There are also apps that can help you budget.

Fortunately, testing budgets is fairly easy. And you’ll quickly sense which methods are easiest for you.

3. Pay Off Debt

Debt can be a major roadblock in building a nest egg, especially if it’s high-interest debt. Those who are struggling to pay down debt may not be able to put as much money into savings as they would like. Prioritizing paying down debt quickly can help save money on interest and reduce financial stress. Adding debt payments into a monthly budget can be one smart way to make sure a debt repayment plan stays on track.

If you’re having trouble paying down a certain debt, like a credit card or medical bill, it might be worth calling the lender. In some cases, lenders may work with an individual to create a manageable debt repayment plan. Calling the lender before the debt is sent to a debt collector is key, as many debt collectors don’t accept payment plans.

Debt Repayment Strategies

Here are two popular debt repayment strategies that might be worth researching: the avalanche method and the snowball method.

The avalanche method focuses on paying off the debt with the highest interest rate as fast as possible, because the interest is costing you the most. This method can save the most money in the long run.

The other option is the snowball method, which can be more motivating as it focuses on paying off the smallest debt first while making minimum payments on all other debts. When one debt is paid off, you take the payment that went toward that debt and add it to the next-smallest one “snowballing” as you go.

This method can be more psychologically motivating, as it’s easier and faster to eliminate smaller debts first, but it can cost more in interest over time, especially if the larger debts have higher interest rates.

4. Make Saving Automatic

Behavioral research is pretty clear: The people who are the most successful savers don’t mess around. They put their savings on auto-pilot, by setting up automatic transfers based on their goal.

Behavior scientists have identified simple inertia as a big culprit in why we don’t save. Inertia is the human tendency to do nothing, despite having a plan to take specific actions. One of the most effective ways to get around inertia, especially when it comes to your finances, is to make savings automatic.

Set up automatic transfers to your savings account online every week, or every month. While you’re at it, set up automatic payments to the debts you owe. Don’t assume you can make progress with good intentions alone. Technology is your friend, so use it!

5. Start Investing in Your Nest Egg

The same is true of investing. Investing can be intimidating at first. Combine that with inertia, and it can be hard to get yourself off the starting block. Also, you may wonder whether it makes sense to invest your savings, when investing always comes with a possible risk of loss (in addition to potential gains).

You may want to keep short-term savings in a regular savings or money market account — or in a CD (certificate of deposit), if you want a modest rate of interest and truly don’t plan to touch that money for a certain period of time. But for longer-term savings, especially retirement, you can consider investing your money in the market. SoFi’s automated investing can help you set up a portfolio to match your goals.

You can also set up a brokerage account and start investing yourself. Whichever route you choose, be sure to make the contributions automatic. Investing your money on a regular cadence helps your money to grow because regular contributions add up.

The Power of Compounding Interest

When saving money to build a nest egg in certain savings vehicles, such as a high-yield savings account or a money market account, compound interest can be a major growth factor. Put simply, compound interest is interest that you earn on interest.

Here’s how it works: Compound interest is earned on the initial principal in a savings vehicle and the interest that accrues on that principal. So, for instance, if you have $500 in a high-yield savings account and you earn $5 interest on that amount, the $5 is added to the principal and you then earn interest on the new, bigger amount. Compound interest can help your savings grow.

With investments, compound returns work in a similar manner. Compounding returns are the earnings you regularly receive from contributions you’ve made to an investment.

Compound returns can be achieved by any type of asset class that produces returns on both the initial amount — or the principal — as well as any profits or returns that are generated after the initial investment. Some investment types that earn compound interest are stocks and mutual funds.

💡 Quick Tip: Are self-directed brokerage accounts cost efficient? They can be, because they offer the convenience of being able to buy stocks online without using a traditional full-service broker (and the typical broker fees).

Why Having a Nest Egg Is Important

A financial nest egg can help you save for retirement and/or achieve certain financial goals, such as paying for your child’s education. By building a nest egg as early as you can, ideally starting in your 20s or 30s, and contributing to it regularly, the more time your money will have to grow and weather any market downturns. For instance, if you start investing in your nest egg at age 25, and you retire at age 65, your money will have 40 years to accumulate.

Investing in Your Nest Egg With SoFi

Like most financial decisions, building a nest egg starts with articulating goals and then creating a specific plan of action to reach them. Using a method like the SMART goal technique, it’s possible to build a nest egg for retirement, to buy a home, pay for a child’s education, or other life goals.

Because a nest egg is typically a larger amount of money than you’d save for a short-term goal, it’s wise to use some kind of budgeting system, tool, or app to help you make progress. Perhaps the most important ingredient in building a nest egg is using the power of automation. Use automatic deposits and transfers to help you save, pay off debt, and even to start investing.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.

FAQ

What is a financial nest egg?

A financial nest egg is a substantial amount of money you save or invest to meet a certain financial goal. A nest egg typically focuses on future milestones, such as retirement, paying for a child’s college education, or buying a home.

How much money is a nest egg?

There is no one specific amount of money a nest egg should be. The amount is different for each person, depending on their needs and what they’re using the nest egg for. For instance, if a nest egg is for retirement, some financial advisers suggest saving at least 80% percent of your annual income.

Why is it important to have a nest egg?

A nest egg allows you to save a substantial amount of money for retirement or to pay for your child’s education, for instance. By starting to build a nest egg as early as you can, the more time your money has to grow.

Aug

2023

Top 10 Part-Time Jobs for Seniors in 2024

By Kelly Boyer Sagert | Budgeting & Goals, Preparing for Retirement, relay | Comments Off

Whether you want to earn extra income to make ends meet or stay engaged with the community, there are plenty of reasons why you may decide to seek out part-time employment after you leave the workforce. And because these jobs don’t require 40 hours a week, you still have plenty of time to enjoy the retirement experience.

10 Part-Time Jobs for Seniors

Maybe your ideal part-time job allows you to work from home. Or perhaps you’re looking for a side hustle that keeps you moving for most of the day. Whatever your needs are, there are plenty of employment options to explore. Here are 10 to consider.

#1: Dog Sitter and Walker

Many people brought dogs home during the pandemic — and many of them need help with their companions while they work or when they go out of town. If you’re an animal lover and understand basic pet first aid, offering your services as a dog sitter and walker allows you to care for man’s best friend while also earning cash to help cover retirement expenses.

• General duties: Main duties generally include feeding, walking, and overseeing the care of the dogs. If you’re pet sitting, you might care for them in your home, stay in the client’s home, or check in on the pooches throughout the day.

• Average pay: A dog walker charges an average of $17 per hour, while a pet sitter charges around $15 per hour. However, rates vary by location and the services offered.

#2: Office Manager

Know how to make the workplace run smoothly? An office manager job may be right up your alley. Note that these jobs can sometimes be competitive, so you may want to contact former employers to see if there are part-time positions available. Or consider expanding your search to include a variety of industries. After all, the skills that the job requires — organization, time management, attention to details, problem-solving, communication — are essential no matter what type of office you’re in.

• General duties: These can vary by location but typically consist of coordinating administrative activities in an efficient and cost-effective way.

• Average pay: A typical office manager makes around $24 an hour.

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#3: Content Writer

If you have the writing chops, you may be able to find opportunities to hone your craft and earn some money. In fact, companies across the country need outstanding writers to create their content, so this could be an excellent choice for introverts looking for remote work.

• General duties: You may write content for companies to help them market themselves to potential customers or decision-makers. If you have technical skills — perhaps knowing about search engine optimization or photo editing — all the better!

• Average pay: A content writer typically charges around $37 per hour, though some prefer to charge a flat rate for each piece of content they create.

#4: Private Tutor

When it comes to retiree-friendly jobs, it’s tough to beat private tutoring. For starters, you have the option to tutor in person or over a video platform. It’s also a chance to help students with a subject you’re passionate or knowledgeable about. Plus, private tutoring can be a low-stress way to earn money.

• General duties: A private tutor provides one-on-one assistance to help one or more students learn and finish school assignments. This can involve studying the student’s textbooks or other materials and answering their questions on the subject matter.

• Average pay: Private tutors generally charge an average of $27 per hour, though that rate can vary by location and expertise.

💡 Quick Tip: Check your credit report at least once a year to ensure there are no errors that can damage your credit score.

#5: Retail Sales Worker

If you enjoy engaging with people and helping them to find what they need, there are numerous retail sales positions to consider. Do you love fashion? Look for jobs where you sell clothing and accessories. Interested in technology? You might be ideal in shops that sell computers, tablets, cell phones, and so forth.

• General duties: You’ll answer customer questions, provide courteous service, and accept payments for transactions. You may also stock shelves and tidy up your area.

• Average pay: On average, retail sales workers earn around $16 per hour.

#6: Receptionist

If your idea of retirement planning involves finding easy part-time jobs for seniors— easy on the feet, that is — and you enjoy talking to people, then a receptionist position could be the ticket. If you don’t mind working weekends, you may want to consider a position in a hospital, nursing home, or similar facility.

• General duties: Receptionists often greet customers or patients and help them register, if necessary. They also answer phones and offer general guidance to people who contact the organization.

• Average pay: Although pay can vary by the type of organization and the state where you live, figure an average of $18 an hour.

#7: Groundskeeper

Many of the part-time jobs for seniors on this list take place indoors. But if you appreciate spending time outdoors, you might enjoy being a groundskeeper. Note that depending on where you live, this could be a seasonal position, so you may need to adjust your budget accordingly.

• General duties: Groundskeepers generally mow lawns, edge, pull weeds, and plant and care for flowers.

• Average pay: The national average is $20 an hour for groundskeeping services.

#8: School Bus Driver

A school bus driver may seem like a surprising job for seniors, but the majority of part-time bus drivers are in fact over the age of 55. To get accepted for this job, you’ll need to have or get a commercial driver’s license, a clean driving record and background, and (probably) plenty of patience.

• General duties: In the mornings, you’ll pick up students from bus stops or homes and drive them to school. Later in the day, you’ll drop them back off. You’ll also need to manage student behavior on the bus.

• Average pay: School bus drivers earn around $20 an hour on average.

#9: Consulting

There are pros and cons of working after retirement, but one benefit is the ability to share your expertise and skills with others. A consulting gig can provide such an opportunity. By the time you reach 65, you’ve likely gained plenty of knowledge that you can impart to business leaders in your field. Plus, as a consultant, you can have a decent amount of control over your when and how much you work.

• General duties: You’ll analyze a situation from an outsider’s perspective, looking for inefficiencies and providing guidance based on your expertise. Typically, consulting is a contract-based position that could continue until a situation has been addressed.

• Average pay: The range for consulting work can largely depend upon your background and expertise. Sometimes, you might charge per project.

#10: Customer Support Representative

Whether your cable conked out or your income tax software hit a glitch, you’ve almost certainly reached out for customer support for help in times of need. If you’re a strong communicator and enjoy helping others, you may want to consider serving as a customer support representative yourself.

• General duties: You’ll receive phone calls or chat messages from a customer in need of a fix. You can help them solve the problems, create tickets for others to address, and offer outstanding customer service to keep people satisfied.

• Average pay: This position typically pays around $23 an hour.

💡 Quick Tip: Income, expenses, and life circumstances can change. Consider reviewing your budget a few times a year and making any adjustments if needed with a money tracker app.

The Takeaway

After you retire, you might be looking for a low-cost side hustle that can help bring in some income and keep you active. Fortunately, when it comes to part-time jobs for seniors, there’s no shortage of options to explore. As you review potential positions, consider your work experience, skill set, interests, how much time you plan on working, and how much money you could potentially earn.

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FAQ

Can seniors still work part time and receive Social Security benefits?

According to the Social Security Administration, once you reach the full retirement age, what you earn will no longer reduce your benefits — no matter the amount. As of 2023, if you’re below the full retirement age, the Social Security Administration will deduct $1 out of every $2 you earn above the amount of $21,240.

What skills and experience are needed for a part-time job as a senior?

Required skills will vary widely based on the position. If you’re applying to be an administrative assistant, for example, it’s important to be organized and capable of managing a variety of tasks in a professional way. Being a nanny, on the other hand, requires strong communication skills with parents and children alike. When you’re looking at job ads, check the requirements listed and see how closely they match your experiences and skills.

How many hours a week should seniors work part time?

There’s no one-size-fits-all number of hours a senior should work each week. They’ll want to consider a number of factors to determine the appropriate workload for them, including how much income they need, how much free time they have, and how much they’re able to earn and still receive Social Security benefits.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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