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Whether you’re buying a house or a car, financing a wedding or vacation, embarking on a major home renovation, paying for rising medical costs, or even consolidating debt, you might need to take out a loan.

But what about when you’re retired?

Even though they don’t earn a traditional income from a paying job, retirees can still take out loans. Requirements for retirees to secure a loan might be a little stricter, but it’s certainly possible.

Below, we’ll dive into loans for retired people — how they work, common types, and where to find them.

What Are Retiree Loans?

A retiree loan is any loan that you take out in retirement. It doesn’t refer to one specific type of loan, but rather a collection of loan types available to anyone in retirement, as long as they qualify.

Qualifying for a loan as a retiree can be more challenging than someone who is still employed full-time, since lenders like to see steady income. But many retirees have reliable sources of income outside of a job that can help them qualify.


💡 Quick Tip: Some personal loan lenders can release your funds as quickly as the same day your loan is approved.

Considerations for a Loan

When considering loans for retired individuals, lenders may consider a number of income sources, as well as an applicant’s debt-to-income ratio and credit score.

Retirement Income

One of the main sources of income for seniors who no longer work is their retirement accounts. If you are retired, you might receive regular payments from an IRA, 401(k), pension, and/or Social Security.

Collectively, these accounts make up your retirement income. And they may be significant enough to take out a retiree loan, like a personal loan, car loan, or even a mortgage.

Fixed Income

Retirees may have other sources of fixed income beyond their retirement income. For example, retirees might earn income from investments, earn annuity income, or receive spousal or survivor’s benefits. Retirees may also generate revenue from rental properties.

If any of these are limited sources of income — that is, they’ll run out eventually — the lender might require proof that you’ll at least receive that income for a set number of years. Without that proof, they might not factor in that source of income when determining loan eligibility.

Some retirees continue to work, whether full- or part-time or even as a contractor. If you’ve taken up a side hustle, like driving for a rideshare service or acting as a consultant in the field from which you retired, your 1099 income may also help when applying for a loan in retirement.

Assets

Retirees who have a significant portion of their money tied up in assets may be able to leverage those assets to secure a loan. For example, mortgage lenders might offer a securities-backed loan.

Securities-backed loans offer retirees liquidity without selling their assets. Instead, the lender can claim ownership of your assets — stocks, bonds, and real estate, for instance — if you default on your loan.

Because investment values fluctuate, a lender will likely consider only a reduced value of your assets (up to 70%). This protects them in the event that your assets decrease in value during the life of the loan.

Debt-to-Income Ratio

Lenders consider more than just your income when you apply for a loan, especially in retirement. They’ll also look at your debt — and thus your debt-to-income (DTI) ratio.

Your debt-to-income ratio is a calculation of all your monthly debts divided by your gross monthly income. This might include credit card debt, mortgage payments, car loans, personal loans, and even student loans.

For example, if your monthly debts total $2,000 and your monthly income is $10,000, your DTI ratio is 2,000 / 10,000. That’s 0.20, or 20%.

The higher your DTI ratio, the less likely a lender is to approve you for a loan. While requirements will vary by lender and the type of loan you’re applying for, you’ll likely have a harder time securing a loan if your debt-to-income is 50% or higher.

Credit Score

As with any other loan, lenders will also factor in your credit score when you apply for a retiree loan. By improving your credit score, you increase your chances of getting a loan.

So what affects your credit score? Generally, five key factors can influence your rating:

•   Credit utilization

•   Payment history

•   Credit history length

•   Credit mix

•   New credit

Retirees generally have longer credit histories, especially if they keep credit cards open and have been paying a mortgage for decades. By paying your bills on time, keeping your credit usage down, and resisting the temptation to apply for new credit cards, retirees may be able to raise their credit scores ahead of applying for a larger loan in retirement.

Where to Find a Retiree Loan

Retirees can look for loans in the same places that other borrowers do. Financial institutions like banks, credit unions, and online lenders generally offer a wide range of loans, from mortgages and car loans to personal loans and debt consolidation loans. Exploring loans online can provide retirees with more options and potentially quicker access to funds. Your own bank or credit union is a good place to start.

Where you get a retiree loan can also depend on the type of loan. For example, if you’re purchasing a new car, the dealership may help you find financing. When you work with a real estate agent to buy a home, they might put you in touch with a lender.

Common Retiree Loans

Retirees have access to a wide range of loans depending on their needs. Here are some of the most common types of retiree loans you might come across:

Home Equity Loan

A home equity loan allows you to borrow against the equity you’ve built in your house. You generally need to have paid off at least 15% to 20% of your home to have enough equity for a loan; the more you’ve paid off, the larger the loan could be.

You might use a home equity loan to fund a renovation project, medical payments, or even debt consolidation. But remember, your house serves as collateral, so it’s important to make your payments.

Reverse Mortgage Loan

Reverse mortgage loans are available to people who are 62 or older who have paid off most of their mortgage or own their homes outright. When you get a reverse mortgage, you retain the title to the home and don’t have to pay the loan (and interest) until the last surviving borrower has moved out permanently.

Reverse mortgage loans are not for everyone. Weigh the pros and cons of a reverse mortgage before moving forward.

Debt Consolidation Loan

Retirees who are struggling with various debts may choose to consolidate in a single loan, ideally at a lower interest rate. Consolidating your debt means only a single monthly payment, but it could extend the number of years it’ll take you to be debt-free.


💡 Quick Tip: Swap high-interest debt for a lower-interest loan, and save money on your monthly payments. Find out why SoFi credit card consolidation loans are so popular.

401(k) Loan

If you’re strapped for cash ahead of retirement, you may be able to borrow from your 401(k) account balance before you start receiving distributions. Doing so has certain tax implications to review with your accountant.

Unfortunately, you cannot take out an IRA loan, though if you’re 59 ½ or older, you may be able to make early withdrawals penalty-free.

Personal Loan

You can take out a personal loan for almost anything — wedding costs, home improvements, even credit card debt consolidation. Personal loan interest rates and terms vary depending on the length of the loan. For example, SoFi offers personal loans with low interest rates, and there are no fees required.

Just make sure you have the right credit score for a personal loan before applying. Bad credit borrowers may qualify, but the interest rates can be significantly higher.

Payday Loan

Seniors in retirement may also take out payday loans in an emergency, but keep in mind that there are a lot of risks with payday loans, including high costs.

Requirements for Getting a Personal Loan as a Senior Citizen

Lenders have similar requirements for all applicants, including retirees. The notable difference is that your sources of income will be different from an employed individual receiving a steady paycheck.

Here’s what lenders will generally look for when deciding to approve your loan application:

•   Your sources of income (retirement distributions, Social Security, investment revenue, part-time work, etc.)

•   Age (some lenders may not give out loans to borrowers who are 75 or older)

•   Credit score

•   Debt-to-income ratio

•   Collateral or assets

The Takeaway

Retiree loans refers to any loan you take out in retirement. Depending on your needs and financial goals, it may make sense to apply for a personal loan, home equity loan, 401(k) loan, debt consolidation loan, or other loan type. Retiree loan requirements are similar to those of any other borrower; you’ll just have to demonstrate other sources of income since you’re no longer employed full-time.

You’ll also need a low debt-to-income ratio and a high credit score.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.

FAQ

What are retiree loans?

Retiree loans are any type of loan you get in retirement. Retirees may take out personal loans, mortgages or reverse mortgages, home equity loans, and even debt consolidation loans.

What are the requirements for a retiree loan?

Requirements for a retiree loan are similar to those of other borrowers. Lenders will need to see all your sources of income, and you’ll also need a low debt-to-income ratio (generally below 50%) and high credit score (requirements vary by type of loan). You’ll also need assets to back up a secured loan.

Where can I get a retiree loan?

Retirees can look for loans anywhere that other borrowers might apply for a loan. Common retiree loans include home equity loans, 401(k) loans, debt consolidation loans, and personal loans. Because retirees typically no longer have a traditional source of income (i.e., a paying job), they may have to meet additional requirements to qualify for a loan.

Photo credit: iStock/SDI Productions

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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A Roth 401(k) is a type of retirement plan that may be offered by your employer. You contribute money from your paychecks directly to a Roth 401(k) to help save for retirement.

A Roth 401(k) is somewhat similar to a traditional 401(k), but the potential tax benefits are different.

Here’s what you need to know about a Roth 401(k) to help answer the question of what is a Roth 401(k)?, and to decide if it may be the right type of retirement account for you.

Roth 401(k) Definition

What is a Roth 401(k)? The plan combines some of the features of a traditional 401(k) and a Roth IRA.

Like a traditional 401(k), a Roth 401(k) is an employer-sponsored retirement account. Your employer may offer to match some of your Roth 401(k) contributions.

Like a Roth IRA, contributions to a Roth 401(k) are made using after-tax dollars, which means income tax is paid upfront on the money you contribute.

💡 Quick Tip: Before opening an investment account, know your investment objectives, time horizon, and risk tolerance. These fundamentals will help keep your strategy on track and with the aim of meeting your goals.

How a Roth 401(k) Works

Contributions to a Roth 401(k) are typically made directly and automatically from your paycheck. Your employer may match your Roth 401(k) contributions up to a certain amount or percentage, depending on the employer and the plan.

Your contributions to a Roth 401(k) are taxed at the time you contribute them, and you pay income taxes on them. In general, your money grows in the account tax-free and withdrawals in retirement are also tax-free, as long as the account has been open at least five years.

Differences Between a Roth 401(k) and a Traditional 401(k)

While a Roth 401(k) shares some similarities to a traditional 401(k), there are some differences between the two plans that you should be aware of. Here is how a Roth 401(k) differs from a traditional 401(k):

•   Contributions to a Roth 401(k) are made with after-tax dollars and you pay taxes on them upfront. With a traditional 401(k), your contributions are made with pre-tax dollars, and you pay taxes on them later.

•   With a Roth 401(k), your take-home pay is a little less because you’re paying taxes on your contributions now. That typically lowers your tax bill for the year. With a traditional 401(k), your contributions are taken before taxes.

•   Your money generally grows tax-free in a Roth 401(k). And in retirement, you withdraw it tax-free, as long as the account is at least five years old and you are at least 59 ½. With a traditional 401(k), you pay taxes on your withdrawals in retirement at your ordinary income tax rate.

•   You can start withdrawing your Roth 401(k) money at age 59 ½ without penalty or taxes. However, you must have had the account for at least five years. With a traditional 401(k), you can withdraw your money at age 59 ½. There is no 5-year rule for a traditional 401(k).

Roth 401(k) Contribution Limits

A Roth 401(k) and a traditional 401(k) share the same contribution limits. Both plans allow for the same catch-up contributions for those 50 and older.

Here are the contribution limits for each type of plan.

Roth 401(k) Withdrawal Rules

When it comes to withdrawal rules, a Roth 401(k) is subject to the 5-year rule. Under this rule, an individual can start taking tax-free and penalty-free withdrawals from a Roth 401(k) at age 59 ½ only once they’ve had the account for at least five years.

This means that if you open a Roth 401(k) at age 56, you can’t take tax- or penalty-free withdrawals of your earnings at age 59 ½ the way you can with a traditional 401(k). Instead, you’d have to wait until age 61, when your Roth 401(k) is five years old.

Early Withdrawal Rules

It’s possible to take early withdrawals — meaning withdrawals taken before age 59 ½ or from an account that’s less than five years old — from a Roth 401(k), but it’s complicated. Early withdrawals are subject to taxes and a 10% penalty.

However, you may not owe taxes and penalties on the entire amount. Here’s how it typically works: You can withdraw as much as you’ve contributed to a Roth 401(k) without paying taxes or penalties because your contributions were made with after-tax dollars. In other words, you’ve already paid taxes on them. Any earnings you withdraw, though, are subject to taxes and penalties, and you’ll owe tax proportional to your earnings.

For example, if you have $150,000 in a Roth 401(k) and $130,000 of that amount is contributions and $20,000 is earnings, those $20,0000 in earnings are taxable gains, and they represent 13.3% of the account. Therefore, if you took an early withdrawal of $30,000, you would owe taxes on 13.3% of the amount to account for the gains, which is $3,990.


💡 Quick Tip: How much does it cost to set up an IRA? Often there are no fees to open an IRA, but you typically pay investment costs for the securities in your portfolio.

Roth 401(k) RMDs

Previously, individuals with a Roth 401(k) had to take required minimum distributions (RMDs) starting at age 73. However, in 2024, as a stipulation of the SECURE 2.0 Act, RMDs will be eliminated for Roth accounts in employer retirement plans.

By comparison, traditional 401(k)s still require you to take RMDs starting at age 73.

Pros and Cons of a Roth 401(k)

A Roth 401(k) has advantages, but there are drawbacks to the plan as well. Here are some pros and cons to consider:

Pros

You can make tax-free withdrawals in retirement with a Roth 401(k).
This can be an advantage if you expect to be in a higher tax bracket when you retire, since you’ll pay taxes on your Roth 401(k) contributions upfront when you’re in a lower tax bracket. Your money grows tax-free in the account.

Your current taxable income is reduced when you have a Roth 401(k).
Because Roth 401(k) contributions are made after taxes, your paycheck will typically be reduced. That lowers your tax bill for the year.

There are no longer RMDs for a Roth 401(k).
Because of the SECURE 2.0 Act, required minimum distributions will no longer be required for Roth 401(k)s as of 2024. With a traditional 401(k), you must take RMDs starting at age 73.

Early withdrawals of contributions in a Roth 401(k) are not taxed.
Because you’ve already paid taxes on your contributions, you can withdraw those contributions early without paying a penalty or taxes. However, if you withdraw earnings before age 59 ½, you will be subject to taxes on them.

Cons

Your Roth 401(k) account must be open for at least five years for penalty-free withdrawals.
Otherwise you may be subject to taxes and a 10% penalty on any earnings you withdraw if the account is less than five years old. This is something to consider if you are an older investor.

A Roth 401(k) will reduce your paycheck now.
Your take home pay will be smaller because you pay taxes on your contributions to a Roth 401(k) upfront. This could be problematic if you have many financial obligations or you’re struggling to pay your bills.

Is a Roth 401(k) Right for You?

If you expect to be in a higher tax bracket when you retire, a Roth 401(k) may be right for you. It might make sense to pay taxes on the account now, while you are making less money and in a lower tax bracket.

However, if you expect to be in a lower tax bracket in retirement, a traditional 401(k) might be a better choice since you’ll pay the taxes on withdrawals in retirement.

Your age can play a role as well. A Roth 401(k) might make sense for a younger investor, since they are likely to be earning less now than they may be later in their careers. That’s something to keep in mind as you choose a retirement plan to help reach your future financial goals.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

FAQ

How is a Roth 401(k) taken out of a paycheck?

Contributions to a Roth 401(k) are automatically deducted from your paycheck. Because contributions are made with after-tax dollars, meaning you pay taxes on them upfront, your paycheck will be lower.

What is the 5-year rule for a Roth 401(k)?

According to the 5-year rule for a Roth 401(k), the account must have been open for at least five years in order for an investor to take withdrawals of their Roth 401(k) earnings at age 59 ½ without being subject to taxes and a 10% penalty.

What happens to a Roth 401(k) when you quit?

When you quit a job, you can either keep your Roth 401(k) with your former employer, transfer it to a new Roth 401(k) with your new employer, or roll it over into a Roth IRA.

There are some factors to consider when choosing which option to take. For instance, if you leave the plan with your former employer, you can no longer contribute to it. If you are able to transfer your Roth 401(k) to a plan offered by your new employer, your money will be folded into the new plan and you will choose from the investment options offered by that plan. If you roll over your Roth 401(k) into a Roth IRA, you will be in charge of choosing and making investments with your money.

Do I need to report a Roth 401(k) on my taxes?

Because your contributions to a Roth 401(k) are made with after tax dollars and aren’t considered tax deductible, you generally don’t need to report them on your taxes. And when you take qualified distributions from a Roth 401(k) they are not considered taxable income and do not need to be reported on your taxes. However, it’s best to consult with a tax professional about your particular situation.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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