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What Is a SIMPLE 401(k) Plan & How Do You Utilize It?

The Savings Incentive Match Plan for Employees 401(k), or SIMPLE 401(k), is a type of retirement account that can be offered by companies with 100 employees or less. SIMPLE plans were created so that small businesses could have a cost-efficient way to offer retirement plans to their workers.

Unlike many other workplace retirement plans, SIMPLE 401(k) plans do not require annual nondiscrimination tests to ensure that a plan is in line with IRS rules. This type of testing can be prohibitively expensive for small employers, preventing them from using other types of 401(k)s.

A SIMPLE 401(k) retirement plan is available to businesses with 100 or fewer employees including sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. For small business owners or self-employed individuals, understanding how SIMPLE plans work can help decide whether it makes sense to set one up.

For employees whose employer already offers a SIMPLE 401(k), getting to know the ins and outs of the plan can help to understand the role they play in saving for retirement.

How Does a SIMPLE 401(k) Work?

A SIMPLE 401(k) functions much like a regular 401(k). Employees contribute pre-tax money directly from their paycheck and invest that money in a handful of options offered by the plan administrator.

The SIMPLE 401(k) limits are as follows: The maximum for employee elective deferrals is $16,500 per year for 2025, $17,000 for 2026. As with other types of retirement accounts, employees 50 and older can make an additional “catch-up” contribution of $3,500 in 2025 and $4,000 in 2026 to boost their savings. In both 2025 and 2026, for those aged 60 to 63, there is a “super catch-up” contribution allowed of up to $5,250 (instead of $3,500 in 2025 and $4,000 in 2026), thanks to SECURE 2.0.

One significant difference between traditional 401(k) plans and SIMPLE 401(k) plans is that while employer contributions are optional with a 401(k) plan, under a SIMPLE 401(k) plan they are mandatory and clearly defined. Employers must make either a matching contribution of up to 3% of each employee’s pay or make a nonelective contribution (independent of any employee contributions) of 2% of each eligible employee’s pay. The contribution must be the same for all plan participants: For example, an employer couldn’t offer himself a 3% match while offering his employees a 2% nonelective contribution.

There are other limits on how much an employer can contribute annually. The maximum compensation that could be used to figure out employer contributions and benefits is $350,000 for 2025, $360,000 for 2026. So if an employer offered a 2% nonelective contribution (e.g., funds an employer contributes regardless of whether the employee contributes to the account), and an employee earned $365,000 in 2025, the maximum contribution the employer could make would be 2% of $350,000, or $7,000.

As with a regular 401(k), contributions to a SIMPLE plan grow tax-deferred — meaning an employee contributes pre-tax dollars to their plan, and doesn’t pay income tax on that money until they withdraw funds upon retirement. Typically, the tax-deferred growth means that there is more money subject to compounding interest, the returns investments earn on their returns.

Withdrawals made during retirement are subject to income tax.

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Who Is Eligible for a SIMPLE 401(k)?

To be eligible for a SIMPLE 401(k), employers must have 100 or fewer employees. They cannot already offer these employees another retirement plan, and must offer the plan to all employees 21 years and older.

Employers must also file Form 5500 every year if they establish a plan.

For employees to be eligible, they must have received at least $5,000 in compensation from their employer in the previous calendar year. Employers cannot require that employees complete more than one year of service to qualify for the SIMPLE plan.

A SIMPLE IRA is also one of a number of retirement options for the self-employed.

What Are the Pros of a SIMPLE 401(k) Plan?

SIMPLE 401(k)s offer a number of benefits that make them attractive to employers and employees.

•   Simplified rules: While large companies may have the money and staff to devote to nondiscrimination testing, smaller companies may not have the same resources. SIMPLE 401(k)s do not have these compliance rules, making them more accessible for small employers. What’s more, the straightforward benefit formula is easy for employers to administer.

•   “Free money”: Employees are guaranteed employer contributions to their retirement account, whether via 3% matching contributions or 2% nonelective contributions.

•   Fully-vested contributions: All contributions — those made by employees and their employers — are fully vested immediately. Employees who qualify for distributions can take money out whenever they need it. While this can be good news for employees, for employers it removes the option to incentivize workers to stay in their job longer by having their contributions vest several years into their tenure with the company.

•   Loans and hardship withdrawals: While withdrawals made before age 59 ½ are subject to tax and a possible 10% early withdrawal penalty, employees can take out loans against their SIMPLE 401(k) just as they can with a traditional 401(k). These options add flexibility for individuals who need money in an emergency. It’s important to note that 401(k) loans come with strict rules for paying them back. Failing to follow these rules may result in penalties.

What Are the Cons of a SIMPLE 401(k) Plan?

While there are plenty of positives that come from offering or contributing to a SIMPLE 401(k), there are also some important downsides.

•   Plan limitations: Employers cannot offer employees covered by a SIMPLE 401(k) another retirement plan.

•   Lower contribution limits: For 2025, a traditional 401(k) plan allows up to $23,500 per year from employees, and for 2026 it’s $24,500 — with an additional $7,500 catch-up contribution for those 50 and older in 2025 and $8,000 in 2026. For both 2025 and 2026, those aged 60 to 63 may contribute an additional $11,250 (instead of $7,500 and $8,000, respectively), thanks to SECURE 2.0.

•   The annual contribution limits for SIMPLE plans are lower: in 2025 the employee limit is $16,500 with an additional “catch-up” contribution of $3,500 for employees over age 50. In 2026, the employees limit is $17,000 with an additional catch-up of $4,000 for those 50 and older. For those aged 60 to 63, there is a “super catch-up” contribution allowed of up to $5,250 in both 2025 and 2026 (instead of $3,500 and $4,000, respectively).

•   Limited size: SIMPLE Plans are only available to employers with fewer than 100 employees. That means if a business grows beyond that point, they have a two-year grace period to switch from their SIMPLE plan to another option.

SIMPLE 401(k) vs SIMPLE IRA

Generally speaking, when comparing SIMPLE IRAs and SIMPLE 401(k)s, the rules are similar:

•   They’re only available to businesses with 100 or fewer employees.

•   Employers must either offer a 3% matching contribution or a 2% nonelective contribution.

•   Employers can only make contributions on up to $350,000 in employee compensation in 2025; up to $360,000 in 2026.

•   Employee contribution limits to SIMPLE IRAs are the same as their 401(k) counterparts.

•   Employer and employee contributions are fully vested immediately.

There are a few differences worth mentioning:

•   Whereas all employer contributions are subject to the compensation cap for SIMPLE 401(k)s, only nonelective contributions are subject to the compensation cap for SIMPLE IRAs. (This makes it possible for employees making more than the annual limit annually to receive higher matching contributions from a SIMPLE IRA than they would from a SIMPLE 401(k).)

•   If employers make matching contributions of 3%, they may elect to limit their contribution to no less than 1% for two out of every five years.

•   SIMPLE IRAs do not allow employees to take out loans from their account for any reason.

•   There are no minimum age requirements for SIMPLE IRA contributions.

The Takeaway

SIMPLE 401(k) plans can be especially attractive for self-employed individuals or small business owners, as they have many of the same benefits of a traditional 401(k) plan — including tax-deferred contributions and loan options — but without the administrative compliance costs that come with a regular 401(k) plan.

SIMPLE 401(k) plans can be especially attractive for self-employed individuals or small business owners.

Some of the requirements and rules associated with a SIMPLE 401(k) plan might be unattractive to some employers, however, including the fact that the IRS prohibits employers from offering other types of retirement plans to employees who are covered by a SIMPLE 401(k).

There are many answers to the question of which retirement savings plan is right for you or your business. Beyond traditional 401(k) and SIMPLE (401)k plans, there are traditional, Roth, SIMPLE and SEP IRAs, among other options.

Prepare for your retirement with an individual retirement account (IRA). It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. Whether you prefer a hands-on self-directed IRA through SoFi Securities or an automated robo IRA with SoFi Wealth, you can build a portfolio to help support your long-term goals while gaining access to tax-advantaged savings strategies.

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FAQ

Who is a SIMPLE IRA best for?

A SIMPLE IRA may be a good option for small business owners with no more than 100 employees who want to offer a retirement savings plan to their employees. These plans tend to be fairly simple to set up and administer compared to some other plans. A SIMPLE IRA allows employers to contribute to their own and their employees’ retirement savings.

What is the 2 year rule for SIMPLE IRAs?

The 2-year rule says that during the first two years an individual participates in a SIMPLE IRA plan, they can only transfer money to another SIMPLE IRA. After the two years are up, they can make tax-free rollovers to other non-Roth IRAs or to another employer-sponsored retirement plan.

Does money grow in a SIMPLE IRA?

Money may grow tax-deferred in a SIMPLE IRA until distributions are taken from the plan in retirement. Withdrawals can be made without penalty at age 59 ½.

What happens to my SIMPLE IRA if I quit my job?

If you have participated in the SIMPLE IRA plan for at least two years, you can make a tax-free rollover to another non-Roth IRA or to a new employer’s workplace retirement plan. However, if you’ve participated in the plan for less than two years, you can only transfer your money to another SIMPLE IRA.


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SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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How to Make End of Year Donations

Tax-Deductible or Not? Your Guide to End-of-Year Donations

At the end of the year, when holiday celebrations and expressions of gratitude are in full swing, many people think about making a charitable donation. If you donate to a qualifying organization, not only can your funds do good, they may also be deductible when you pay your taxes.

Maybe it’s the animal shelter around the corner from your home, or perhaps it’s a scholarship fund at your alma mater that does amazing work. Whatever pulls at your heart and makes you feel like you’re doing the right thing can be a good cause for donations. The organization you give your money to benefits. Read on to learn if your contribution could also lower your tax bill.

What Qualifies as Charitable Giving?

In the eyes of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), a charitable donation is a gift of money, property, or other asset that you give to a qualifying organization, known as a 501(c)(3).

To find out if an organization you’d like to support is eligible to receive tax-deductible contributions, you can search for it on the IRS’s database .

You may want to keep in mind that money or assets given to political campaigns or political parties do not qualify as tax-deductible donations. In fact, no organization that qualifies as a 501(c)(3) can participate in political campaigns or activities.

Organizations that engage in political activities without bias, however, can still sometimes qualify. So, a group can educate about the electoral process and remain within guidelines. They just have to go about it in a nonpartisan way.

Can I Deduct My Year-End Charitable Donation?

In tax year 2025 (filed in 2026), charitable donations can only be deducted by tax filers who itemize their deductions. Beginning in tax year 2026 (filed in 2027), non-itemizers will be able to deduct cash donations to a charity — up to $1,000 for single filers; up to $2,000 for married couples filing jointly. 

Recommended: 26 Tax Deductions for College Students and Other Young Adults

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How Much of a Charitable Donation Is Tax-Deductible?

The IRS sets limits on how much of a charitable contribution you can deduct from your taxes, and these are frequently updated. The amount is typically expressed in terms of the percentage of your adjusted gross income (AGI) that you may claim.

Generally, the limit for cash contributions (say, money debited from your checking account) is 60% of a person’s adjusted gross income (AGI). The top figure is 20%-50% of AGI if you make a non-cash contribution, such as stock shares or a vehicle. The exact figure will vary with both the type of organization to which you are making the donation as well as the kind of item you are donating.

For the 2026 tax year, those who itemize charitable contributions on their tax returns must donate an aggregate total of at least 0.5% of their AGI in order to claim the deduction. Also new for 2026: Tax savings on itemized charitable deductions are capped at 35% for those in the 37% marginal tax bracket.

Of course, you are welcome to donate as much as you like. Just keep in mind that any charitable giving above those figures is not eligible for a deduction at tax time.

Recommended: How to Reduce Taxable Income for High Earners

Tips for Making End-of-Year Donations

To ramp up both the impact and benefit of a charitable donation, here are some strategies you may want to keep in mind:

Making a Timely Donation

Don’t lose track of your timing: The deadline for charitable donations is December 31. If you’re looking to deduct the donation in the current tax year, you will want to make sure your charity has ownership of whatever asset you are donating by the close of business on the 31.

You may also want to make sure that your preferred payment method is accepted by the charity so it doesn’t get kicked back and cause delays. Putting a reminder in your calendar for, say, mid-December can be a good way to make sure you don’t run late with your giving. (Of course, you also want to make sure you don’t miss the tax-filing deadline come April, either.)

Taking Advantage of Company Matching Programs

Your place of employment might have a matching program for charitable giving. They might, for example, match your donation amount dollar for dollar up to a certain amount. If so, it could significantly bump up the amount you could otherwise afford to give.

If you’re unsure about whether your company has a program, it can be worth reaching out to your HR department for further information.

Giving Rewards on Your Credit Card

If you are making a contribution on a budget, you might consider donating credit card rewards you earn, such as hotel points or airline miles. This can be a great way to use points or other rewards that would otherwise just expire. Many credit card companies, hotels, and airlines will make it easy to give your rewards to nonprofit organizations.

Donating Assets from Your Brokerage Account

If you’re looking to lower your taxes, you may want to consider donating assets from your brokerage account to a nonprofit. This may take some time and planning, but the benefits of donating an over-allocated position that’s outperforming can be worth it.

You may be able to receive tax advantages and rebalance your portfolio, while also helping an organization increase its assets.

Recommended: What Tax Bracket Am I In?

Setting up a Recurring Donation

You can get a headstart on next year by creating a recurring contribution now. Many organizations allow you to donate monthly through their websites using a credit card, so you might be able to earn rewards at the same time. By establishing your donation plans now, you won’t have to even think about end-of-the-year giving next year.

Keeping Good Records

If you want to deduct your donation on your taxes, you’ll want to make sure you have the right receipts to back up the transaction.

You’ll want to keep records of your donations. For cash donations under $250, you’ll either need a bank record (like a canceled check or bank statement) or a written acknowledgment from the charity which includes the date and amount of your contribution. (The exception is goods dropped off at, say, a clothing donation bin.)

For cash donations over $250, a bank record isn’t insufficient. Instead, you’ll need something in writing from the charity which includes the date and amount of your donation.

If you are making noncash donations valued at $500 or more, you’ll need to fill out one or more of the IRS Form 8283 . If the donation exceeds $5,000 in value (say, if you gift a car you no longer need to a favorite local organization), you’ll also need to get a written appraisal from a qualified appraiser. In addition, know that donations of $250 or more will also require what is known as a “contemporaneous written acknowledgment.” This is a document that describes the property, states whether the organization provided the donor with goods or services as a result of the contribution,and share an estimate of the value of any such goods or services provided.

Speaking with a Professional

Working with a personal accountant can help answer any questions you may have about how tax laws will impact your tax contribution, as well as help you make the most strategic and efficient charitable donation.

Recommended: Are 401(k) Contributions Tax Deductible? Limits Explained

The Takeaway

Giving can be a good idea for a number of reasons. In addition to helping a nonprofit organization meet its operating costs for the year, you can feel good about what you are doing with your money, and you may also benefit from tax deductions.

Giving can also help you get the new year started on the right foot. If you’re looking for other ways to get your financial life in order, consider a new bank account.

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FAQ

Should donations be deductible?

Charitable contributions are usually tax-deductible, but there can be limitations as well as exceptions, so it can be wise to inquire in advance. Contributions can often take the form of cash, artwork, cars, and other items of value.

Are charitable contributions no longer tax-deductible?

Charitable contributions remain tax-deductible in the U.S., though specific rules and limitations apply depending on your filing status, income level, and the tax year. To claim a deduction for tax year 2025, contributions must be made to a qualified 501(c)(3) organization and you need to itemize your deductions. 

For tax year 2026, non-itemizers will be able to deduct cash donations to a charity — up to $1,000 for single filers; up to $2,000 for married couples filing jointly. 

Can you deduct $300 in charitable contributions without itemizing?

The short answer is no. Currently, you must itemize charitable contributions in order to claim them as deductions.


About the author

Ashley Kilroy

Ashley Kilroy

Ashley Kilroy is a seasoned personal finance writer with 15 years of experience simplifying complex concepts for individuals seeking financial security. Her expertise has shined through in well-known publications like Rolling Stone, Forbes, SmartAsset, and Money Talks News. Read full bio.



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Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

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401(k) Blackout Periods: All You Need to Know

401(k) Blackout Periods: All You Need to Know

A 401(k) blackout period is a hiatus during which plan participants may not make certain changes to their 401(k) accounts. Employers who offer 401(k) plans typically impose blackouts when they need to update or alter aspects of their plans. A blackout period may last anywhere from a few days to several weeks.

A blackout period doesn’t mean that the account is frozen. Employees in a payroll deduction plan can often continue making scheduled contributions to their 401(k) accounts during a blackout period, and assets held in 401(k) accounts remain invested in the market.

What Is a 401(k) Blackout Period?

As noted above, a 401(k) blackout period is a temporary suspension of employees’ ability to access their 401(k) accounts for actions such as withdrawals or portfolio adjustments. Companies use blackout periods to update or change their 401(k) retirement savings plans. Unfortunately, these blackout periods may sometimes be inconvenient for employees.

When Is a 401(k) Blackout Period Necessary?

There are several situations that might call for an employer to implement a 401(k) blackout period. Some common reasons include:

•   Changes to the plan. Employers may need to implement a blackout period to allow for changes to their 401(k) plans, such as adding or eliminating investment alternatives or modifying the terms of the plan.

•   New management. If an employer’s 401(k) plan is managed by a third party, the employer might decide to change sponsors or financial managers. A blackout period would give the employer time to transfer the assets and records.

•   Mergers and acquisitions. Acquisition of a new firm or a merger with another company could require a blackout period while the two companies integrate their 401(k) plans.

•   Issues with compliance. If an employer finds that the terms of their 401(k) plan violate federal laws, they may need to impose a blackout period while they conduct audits and bring the plan into compliance.

How Long Can a 401(k) Blackout Period Last?

A 401(k) blackout period can last for a few days or for a few weeks, but the typical duration is 10 days. The length often depends on the reason for the blackout and how much time it will take to implement the scheduled fixes. There is no legal maximum blackout period for 401(k) plans.

Will I Be Given a 401(k) Blackout Notice?

Employers are required to notify employees in advance of a blackout period. For blackout periods expected to last more than three days, employers must give at least 30 days’ (and not more than 60 days’) notice, according to the federal Employee Benefits Security Administration (EBSA). If the period’s beginning or ending date changes, employers are expected to provide an updated blackout notice as soon as reasonably possible.

Employers must provide this notice in writing, either by mail or email. The notice should include the reason for the blackout.

What Should I Do Before the Blackout Starts?

If a 401(k) blackout period is approaching, there are some steps you can take to prepare. Here are a few things to consider doing before the blackout starts:

•   Review the account. Once you get your blackout notice, take some time to review your 401(k) plan, including your current contributions, investment options, and overall balance. This overview can help you zero in on anything that may need correction before the blackout begins.

•   Make any appropriate changes. If you need to fine-tune how you’re investing in your 401(k), such as by adjusting contribution amounts or reallocating investments, try to do so before the blackout period. This will help ensure that your changes take effect as soon as possible.

•   Communicate with your employer. For questions about the blackout period or requests for additional information, your employer is likely to be the best resource. They should be able to provide more details and address account-related concerns.

Starting Out With a New 401(k)

People starting a new job that offers a 401(k) plan have some decisions to make. Plan details to consider before committing to a new 401(k) account may include:

•   Contribution limits. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) sets limits on annual 401(k) contributions. Contribution limits for a 401(k) are $23,500 in 2025 and $24,500 in 2026 for those under age 50. Those aged 50 and over can make an additional catch-up contribution of $7,500 per year to a 401(k) in 2025, and $8,000 per year in 2026. And in 2025 and 2026, those aged 60 to 63 may contribute up to an additional $11,250 instead of $7,500 and $8,000, respectively, thanks to SECURE 2.0. If you want to max out your 401(k), knowing these limits can help you schedule your contributions appropriately.

•   Investment options. Most 401(k) plans offer a range of investment vehicles, including mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and individual stocks. As you’re preparing for retirement, researching various asset types will help you see which ones align with your investment goals and risk tolerance.

•   Fees. Some 401(k) plans charge fees for services such as plan administration or investment management. Understanding how the plan’s fees may impact your overall returns is crucial.

•   Employer match. Many employers offer a matching contribution to employee 401(k) accounts. This means that the employer will kick in an additional percentage to augment an employee’s contributions. An employer match is a way of boosting your retirement savings, which may lead to bigger investment gains over time.

The Takeaway

Employees with 401(k) retirement accounts occasionally experience blackout periods. People may not access or alter their accounts during these breaks, which occur when employers and 401(k) plan sponsors need time to update or retool their retirement benefit plan. Blackout periods typically last for a few days or weeks. By law, participants must be notified at least 30 days ahead of a scheduled blackout period. This enables them to make any desired investment changes beforehand.

One convenient way of investing for retirement is through SoFi individual retirement accounts. You can open an online IRA account from your phone and start saving right away. If you have questions, SoFi has a team of professional advisors available to help.

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FAQ

What is a retirement-fund blackout period?

A 401(k) blackout period is a multi-day pause during which the employer or the plan administrator typically update or maintain the plan. During this time, employees can’t alter their 401(k) retirement accounts. Making withdrawals or changing asset allocations may be prohibited. Though a blackout period is temporary, it can last several weeks or more.

Can you contribute to your 401(k) during the blackout period?

This depends on the specific terms of the employer’s 401(k) plan and the blackout period. Some plans may allow employees to keep setting aside money in their 401(k) accounts during a blackout; others may not. Your employer or plan administrator will have information on your plan’s rules for contributions.

How do I get my 401(k) out of the blackout period?

In most cases, there is nothing you can do to avoid or shorten your 401(k) blackout period. A blackout period generally comes to an end once the employer or plan administrator has completed the necessary plan updates. If you have additional questions about the duration of the blackout period or how to access your account again, your employer should be able to answer them.


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How to Make Changes to Your 401(k) Contributions

Whether you just set up your 401(k) plan or you established one long ago, you may want to change the amount of your contributions — or even how they’re invested. Fortunately, it’s usually a fairly straightforward process to change 401(k) contributions.

How often can you change your 401(k) contributions? You may be able to make changes at any time, depending on your plan. After all, the point of a 401(k) plan is to help you save for your retirement. So it’s important to keep an eye on your account and your investments within the account, to make sure that you’re saving and investing according to your goals.

Learn how to maximize your 401(k), change your 401(k) contributions, and save for retirement.

Key Points

•   Adjusting 401(k) contributions can usually be done at any time, depending on the specific plan rules.

•   Employers may match contributions up to a certain percentage, enhancing the value of saving.

•   Changes in financial circumstances or salary increases can justify modifying contribution amounts.

•   Rebalancing investment allocations periodically is crucial to maintain desired risk levels.

•   Automatic contribution increases can be set up to progressively enhance retirement savings.

Purpose of a 401(k)

A 401(k) is a retirement account that a company may offer to its employees. In some cases, enrollment in the employer’s 401(k) is automatic; in other cases it’s not. Be sure to check, so that you can take advantage of this savings opportunity.

Employees may contribute a portion of their paycheck to their 401(k) account, and employers might also contribute to each employee’s account (again, depending on the plan).

The employer’s portion is called the company’s “match” or matching funds. Typically, an employer might match up to a certain percentage of what the employee saves. One common matching plan is when a company matches 50 cents for every dollar saved, up to 6% of the employee’s total contributions. Terms vary, so it’s best to ask your Human Resources representative what the match is.

The money a participant contributes to their 401(k) plan is technically called an “elective salary deferral” because it’s optional, not required, and those deductions are not included in an employee’s taxable income. That’s why 401(k) and similar accounts (like a 403(b) and most IRAs) are often called tax-deferred accounts: You don’t pay taxes on the money you’ve saved until you withdraw the money in retirement.

This tax benefit can be significant. Every dollar you save reduces your taxable income, which may result in a lower tax bill in some cases.

💡 Quick Tip: The advantage of opening an IRA, like a Roth IRA, and a tax-deferred account like a 401(k) or traditional IRA is that by the time you retire, you’ll have tax-free income from your Roth, and taxable income from the tax-deferred account. This can help with tax planning.

Can You Change Your 401(k) Contribution at Any Time?

While the opportunity to make changes to some employee benefits, like health insurance, are generally only offered once a year during so-called open enrollment periods, many 401(k) plans allow participants to change the amount of their 401(k) contributions at any point. According to Department of Labor guidelines, an employer must allow plan participants to change investments at least quarterly (sometimes more often, if company stock or other high-risk investments are offered by the plan).

These are some of the reasons you may want to change 401(k) contribution amounts.

The Ability to Save More

You may have gotten a raise, or experienced a change in your financial circumstances, and wish to increase the percentage of your savings. Contributions to these plans are typically expressed as a percentage of your annual salary. For example, if you earn $75,000 per year, and your contribution rate is 10%, you would save a total of $7,500 per year. If you got a raise to $80,000 and now wish to contribute 12%, you would save a total of $9,600 per year.

To Get the Match

As discussed above, some 401(k) plans offer a savings match from the employer. In most cases, the match is a set percentage of the employee’s contribution. If you started your 401(k) at a point when you couldn’t get the full match, you may want to increase your contributions to get the full employer match.

Rebalancing Your Asset Allocation

If you’ve held the account for a while, say a year or more, the original allocation of your investments — i.e. the balance between equities, cash, and fixed income investments — may have shifted. Restoring the original balance of your investments may be a priority, if your strategy and risk tolerance haven’t changed.

Changing Your Asset Allocation

You also might want to shift the asset allocation because your financial strategy has become more aggressive (i.e. tilting toward stocks) or more conservative (tilting toward cash and fixed income).

Setting Up Automatic Increases

Some plans offer participants the option of automatically increasing their contribution rate every year, typically up to a certain percentage (e.g. 15%), and not to exceed the maximum contribution levels. The IRS contribution limit for 401(k) plans for 2025 is $23,500 for participants under age 50. Those 50 and older can save an extra $7,500 in “catch-up contributions,” for a total of $31,000. In addition for 2025, those aged 60 to 63 may contribute up to an additional $11,250, instead of $7,500.

For 2026, the contribution limit is $24,500 for participants under age 50. Those 50 and older can save an extra $8,000 in “catch-up contributions,” for a total of $32,500. In addition for 2025, those aged 60 to 63 may contribute up to an additional $11,250, instead of $8,000.

Setting up automatic increases allows you to save more in your 401(k) each year without having to think about it; this can be beneficial for overcoming the inertia common among some savers.

How to Change 401(k) Contributions: 3 Steps

Again, the 401(k) plan provider will be able to advise participants on how often they can make changes to their contributions, and what the process will look like. For employees unsure of who the plan provider is, the company’s human resource department can point them in the right direction.

In some cases, participants can change their contributions directly through their plan provider’s website. Generally, the process of making changes to a 401(k) looks like this:

Step 1:

The employee contacts their 401(k) provider to discuss how to change contributions for their particular 401(k) plan.

Step 2:

The employee considers how much of their paycheck they want to contribute to their 401(k) moving forward, taking their company’s 401(k) match into consideration, and ideally contributing at least that much. The employee might also change their asset allocation, depending on plan rules.

Step 3:

The participant fills out any forms (online or via paperwork) to confirm their new contribution.

Often, these steps can take just a few minutes, using your plan sponsor’s website.

Why Contribute to a 401(k)? 3 Good Reasons

Contributing to a 401(k) plan is an important way to save for retirement. The funds in a 401(k) are invested, generally in mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), or target date funds — which can offer the potential for growth over time. Typically there are about eight to 12 investment options in most 401(k) plans.

But perhaps the three best reasons to contribute to a 401(k) plan are the opportunity to save automatically via regular payroll deductions; the potentially lower tax bill; and the ability to get “free money” from your employer match, if it’s offered.

Low-stress Saving

For many people, this type of investment is easy because you can choose how much of your salary to contribute each pay period, and deductions happen automatically. You don’t have to think about your savings, your contributions are taken directly from each paycheck, so it helps to build your nest egg over time.

Lower Taxable Income

Another benefit is the potential for savings during tax season. Since the contributions an employee makes to their 401(k) plan over the course of the year aren’t included in their taxable income, that can lower their overall taxable income. This, in turn, may result in an individual falling into a lower tax bracket and paying less income tax for that year.

And in the future, when they might likely be in a lower tax bracket due to retirement, they’ll pay lower taxes when they withdraw the money from their 401(k) account.

Note: Withdrawing money from a 401(k) account before retirement age may lead to early withdrawal penalties.

Another perk of enrolling in a 401(k) plan is the notion of “free money” from one’s employer. Some companies match a portion of their employees’ contributions — often around 50 cents to $1 for each dollar that an employee contributes.

Typically, an employer might set a maximum matching limit, such as 3% to 6% of the employee’s salary.

This matching contribution is often referred to as free money because the contribution effectively increases an employee’s income without increasing their current tax bill. It’s worth noting that an employer’s match generally vests over the course of three or four years — meaning that the employer-contributed money will accrue in the account, but an employee won’t be able to keep it if they switch jobs, unless they remain with the company for that set period of time.

Setting up Recurring Contributions

When it comes to setting up a 401(k), the process varies by workplace. Some companies offer automatic enrollment to employees, automatically reducing the employee’s wages by a certain amount and diverting that money to the employee’s 401(k) plan, unless the employee chooses not to have their wages contributed.

Or, an employee can choose to enroll, but to contribute a custom amount. This type of contribution is referred to as an elective deferral.

In companies that don’t offer automatic enrollment as an option, employees will need to work with their HR department and retirement plan provider to get their 401(k) set up.

Participants need to decide how much they want to contribute and they may need to choose their investments. They can also opt to take advantage of autopilot settings, and can roll over a 401(k) from a past job into their new one.

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How Much to Save for Retirement

The Department of Labor (DOL) outlined a few best practices for investing in order to save for retirement.

It estimated that most Americans will need 70% to 90% of their preretirement income saved by retirement, in order to maintain their current standard of living. Doing that math can give plan participants an idea of how much they should be contributing to their 401(k).

Participants might also consider a few basic investment principles, such as diversifying retirement investments to reduce risk and improve return. These investment choices may evolve overtime depending on someone’s age, goals, and financial situation.

The DOL recommends that employees contribute all they can to their employer-sponsored 401(k) plan to take advantage of benefits like lower taxes, company contributions, and tax deferrals.

Adding Alternative Investments to a 401(k)

Some savers may find themselves interested in pursuing alternative investments when saving for retirement. An alternative investment takes place outside of the traditional markets of stocks, fixed-income, and cash. This method may appeal to those looking for portfolio diversification. Popular examples of alternative investments are private equity, venture capital, hedge funds, real estate, and commodities.

Self-directed 401(k)s allow participants to add alternate investments to their 401(k) portfolio. With a self-directed 401(k), the investor chooses a custodian such as a brokerage or investment firm to hold the amount of assets and execute the purchase or sale of investments on the participant’s behalf. If an employer offers a self-directed 401(k), the custodian will likely be the plan administrator.

The Takeaway

For employees looking to change 401(k) contributions, the process is often as simple as reaching out to your plan provider and confirming that you’re allowed to make a change at this time.

Some companies have rules around when and how often employees can make changes to their contributions. Once you have the go-ahead to make the change, and have considered what works best for your current financial situation and your future goals, it’s generally straightforward.

A company-sponsored 401(k) plan offers many benefits, but once you leave your job, many of those benefits — including the employer-matching program — no longer apply. At that point, you may want to consider doing a rollover of your previous 401(k) to an IRA, so you can remain in control of your money.

Prepare for your retirement with an individual retirement account (IRA). It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. Whether you prefer a hands-on self-directed IRA through SoFi Securities or an automated robo IRA with SoFi Wealth, you can build a portfolio to help support your long-term goals while gaining access to tax-advantaged savings strategies.

Easily manage your retirement savings with a SoFi IRA.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

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Alternative investments, including funds that invest in alternative investments, are risky and may not be suitable for all investors. Alternative investments often employ leveraging and other speculative practices that increase an investor's risk of loss to include complete loss of investment, often charge high fees, and can be highly illiquid and volatile. Alternative investments may lack diversification, involve complex tax structures and have delays in reporting important tax information. Registered and unregistered alternative investments are not subject to the same regulatory requirements as mutual funds.
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Guide to 457 Retirement Plans

Guide to 457 Retirement Plans

A 457 plan — technically a 457(b) plan — is similar to a 401(k) retirement account. It’s an employer-provided retirement savings plan that you fund with pre-tax contributions, and the money you save grows tax-deferred until it’s withdrawn in retirement.

But a 457 plan differs from a 401(k) in some significant ways. While any employer may offer a 401(k), 457 plans are designed specifically for state and local government employees, as well as employees of certain tax-exempt organizations. That said, a 457 has fewer limitations on withdrawals.

This guide will help you decide whether a 457 plan is right for you.

What Is a 457 Retirement Plan?

A 457 plan is a type of deferred compensation plan that’s used by certain employees when saving for retirement. The key thing to remember is that a 457 plan isn’t considered a “qualified retirement plan” based on the federal law known as ERISA (from the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974).

These plans can be established by state and local governments or by certain tax-exempt organizations. The types of employees that can participate in 457 savings plans include:

•   Firefighters

•   Police officers

•   Public safety officers

•   City administration employees

•   Public works employees

Note that a 457 plan is not used by federal employees; instead, the federal government offers a Thrift Savings Plan (TSP) to those workers. Nor is it exactly the same thing as a 401(k) plan or a 403(b), though there are some similarities between these types of plans.

How a 457 Plan Works

A 457 plan works by allowing employees to defer part of their compensation into the plan through elective salary deferrals. These deferrals are made on a pre-tax basis, though some plans can also allow employees to choose a Roth option (similar to a Roth 401(k)).

The money that’s deferred is invested and grows tax-deferred until the employee is ready to withdraw it. The types of investments offered inside a 457 plan can vary by the plan but typically include a mix of mutual funds. Some 457 retirement accounts may also offer annuities as an investment option.

Unlike 401(k) plans, which require employees to wait until age 59 ½ before making qualified withdrawals, 457 plans allow withdrawals at whatever age the employee retires. The IRS doesn’t impose a 10% early withdrawal penalty on withdrawals made before age 59 ½ if you retire (or take a hardship distribution). Regular income tax still applies to the money you withdraw, except in the case of Roth 457 plans, which allow for tax-free qualified distributions.

So, for example, say you’re a municipal government employee. You’re offered a 457 plan as part of your employee benefits package. You opt to defer 15% of your compensation into the plan each year, starting at age 25. Once you turn 50, you make your regular contributions along with catch-up contributions. You decide to retire at age 55, at which point you’ll be able to withdraw your savings or roll it over to an IRA.

Who Is Eligible for a 457 Retirement Plan?

In order to take advantage of 457 plan benefits you need to work for an eligible employer. Again, this includes state and local governments as well as certain tax-exempt organizations.

There are no age or income restrictions on when you can contribute to a 457 plan, unless you’re still working at age 73. A 457 retirement account follows required minimum distribution rules, meaning you’re required to begin taking money out of the plan once you turn 73. At this point, you can no longer make new contributions.

A big plus with 457 plans: Your employer could offer a 401(k) plan and a 457 plan as retirement savings options. You don’t have to choose one over the other either. If you’re able to make contributions to both plans simultaneously, you could do so up to the maximum annual contribution limits.

Pros & Cons of 457 Plans

A 457 plan can be a valuable resource when planning for retirement expenses. Contributions grow tax-deferred and as mentioned, you could use both a 457 plan and a 401(k) to save for retirement. If you’re unsure whether a 457 savings plan is right for you, weighing the pros and cons can help you to decide.

Pros of 457 Plans

Here are some of the main advantages of using a 457 plan to save for retirement.

No Penalty for Early Withdrawals

Taking money from a 401(k) or Individual Retirement Account before age 59 ½ can result in a 10% early withdrawal tax penalty. That’s on top of income tax you might owe on the distribution. With a 457 retirement plan, this rule doesn’t apply so if you decide to retire early, you can tap into your savings penalty-free.

Special Catch-up Limit

A 457 plan has annual contribution limits and catch-up contribution limits but they also include a special provision for employees who are close to retirement age. This provision allows them to potentially double the amount of money they put into their plan in the final three years leading up to retirement.

Loans May Be Allowed

If you need money and you don’t qualify for a hardship distribution from a 457 plan you may still be able to take out a loan from your retirement account (although there are downsides to this option). The maximum loan amount is 50% of your vested balance or $50,000, whichever is less. Loans must be repaid within five years.

Cons of 457 Plans

Now that you’ve considered the positives, here are some of the drawbacks to consider with a 457 savings plan.

Not Everyone Is Eligible

If you don’t work for an eligible employer then you won’t have access to a 457 plan. You may, however, have other savings options such as a 401k or 403(b) plan instead which would allow you to set aside money for retirement on a tax-advantaged basis. And of course, you can always open an IRA.

Investment Options May Be Limited

The range of investment options offered in 457 plans aren’t necessarily the same across the board. Depending on which plan you’re enrolled in, you may find that your investment selections are limited or that the fees you’ll pay for those investments are on the higher side.

Matching Is Optional

While an employer may choose to offer a matching contribution to a 457 retirement account, that doesn’t mean they will. Matching contributions are valuable because they’re essentially free money. If you’re not getting a match, then it could take you longer to reach your retirement savings goals.

457 Plan Contribution Limits

The IRS establishes annual contribution limits for 457 plans. There are three contribution amounts:

•   Basic annual contribution

•   Catch-up contribution

•   Special catch-up contribution

Annual contribution limits and catch-up contributions follow the same guidelines established for 401(k) plans.

There are two special catch-up contributions. For 2025 and 2026, employees aged 60 to 63 may contribute a “super” catch-up contribution instead of the standard catch-up contribution, thanks to SECURE 2.0. The traditional 457 special catch-up contribution is an additional amount that’s designated for employees who are within three years of retirement. Not all 457 retirement plans allow for this special catch-up contributions.

Here are the 457 savings plan maximum contribution limits for 2025 and 2026.

2025

2026

Annual Contribution Up to 100% of an employees’ includable compensation or $23,500, whichever is less Up to 100% of an employees’ includable compensation or $24,500, whichever is less
Catch-up Contribution Employees 50 and over can contribute an additional $7,500 Employees 50 and older can contribute an additional $8,000
Special Catch-up Contribution SECURE 2.0 super catch-up of $11,250 for employees aged 60 to 63;

$23,500 or the basic annual limit plus the amount of the basic limit not used in prior years, whichever is less*

SECURE 2.0 super catch-up opf $11,250 for employees aged 60 to 63;

$24,500 or the basic annual limit plus the amount of the basic limit not used in prior years, whichever is less*

*This option is not available if the employee is already making age-50-or-over catch-up contributions or SECURE 2.0 catch-up contributions.

457 vs 403(b) Plans

The biggest difference between a 457 plan and a 403(b) plan is who they’re designed for. A 403(b) plan is a type of retirement plan that’s offered to public school employees, including those who work at state colleges and universities, and employees of certain tax-exempt organizations. Certain ministers may establish a 403(b) plan as well. This type of plan can also be referred to as a tax-sheltered annuity or TSA plan.

Like 457 plans, 403(b) plans are funded with pre-tax dollars and contributions grow tax-deferred over time. These contributions can be made through elective salary deferrals or nonelective employer contributions. Employees can opt to make after-tax contributions or designated Roth contributions to their plan. Employers are not required to make contributions.

The annual contribution limits to 403(b) plans, including catch-up contributions, are the same as those for 457 plans. A 403(b) plan can also offer special catch-up contributions, but they work a little differently and only apply to employees who have at least 15 years of service.

Employees can withdraw money once they reach age 59 ½ and they’ll pay tax on those distributions. A 403(b) plan may allow for loans and hardship distributions or early withdrawals because the employee becomes disabled or leaves their job.

Investing for Retirement With SoFi

When weighing retirement plan options, a 457 retirement account may be one possibility. That’s not the only way to save and invest, however. If you don’t have a retirement plan at work or you’re self-employed, you can still open a traditional or Roth IRA to grow wealth.

Prepare for your retirement with an individual retirement account (IRA). It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. Whether you prefer a hands-on self-directed IRA through SoFi Securities or an automated robo IRA with SoFi Wealth, you can build a portfolio to help support your long-term goals while gaining access to tax-advantaged savings strategies.

Help grow your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

How does a 457 plan pay out?

If you have a 457 savings plan, you can take money out of your account before age 59 ½ without triggering an early withdrawal tax penalty in certain situations. Those distributions are taxable at your ordinary income tax rate, however. Like other tax-advantaged plans, 457 plans have required minimum distributions (RMDs), but they begin at age 73.

What are the rules for a 457 plan?

The IRS has specific rules for which types of employers can establish 457 plans; these include state and local governments and certain tax-exempt organizations. There are also rules on annual contributions, catch-up contributions and special catch-up contributions. In terms of taxation, 457 plans follow the same guidelines as 401(k) or 403(b) plans: Contributions are made pre-tax; the employee pays taxes on withdrawals.

When can you take money out of a 457 plan?

You can take money out of a 457 plan once you reach age 59 ½. Withdrawals are also allowed prior to age 59 ½ without a tax penalty if you’re experiencing a financial hardship or you leave your employer. Early withdrawals are still subject to ordinary income tax.


About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.



Photo credit: iStock/Nomad

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

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