College Essentials What to Bring to College_780x440

College Essentials: What to Bring to College

Heading off to college is hands down one of the most thrilling times in a young person’s life. It’s the chance to get to know yourself and your passions, close the childhood chapter of your life, and prepare for the future ahead.

But, before you can do all that, you’re going to need to pack.

Not quite sure what to bring and what to leave behind? Don’t worry, we’re here to help with a college packing list that covers all the essentials from dorm room needs to toiletries and beyond.

Key Points

•   Bring a reliable laptop, a power strip, and necessary chargers for staying connected and productive.

•   Pack comfortable bedding, a pillow, and a set of towels for your dorm room.

•   Include basic toiletries and a first-aid kit to handle minor health issues.

•   Kitchen supplies are a must for when you don’t have time to grab something at the cafeteria. Make sure to bring a coffee pot, mini fridge, and dishes.

•   You can pay for college essentials with cash savings or financial aid. As a last resort, you can take out a private student loan to help cover necessary expenses.

What to Pack for Campus Life

Hang on — before we dive into this list, we need to discuss the all-important first step every student should take in their college essential checklist planning, and that’s to reach out to your new roommate.

Once you know who that is going to be, it’s a good idea to reach out and get a feel for their likes and dislikes, how you can work together on a decor theme for the room, and if you can split the cost for shared goods, like microwaves, mini-fridges, or any other items you may share along the way.

Once you know what your roommate is responsible for you can get on your way to make your own checklist.

Shower and Toiletry Needs

Packing up for college means compartmentalizing everything in your daily life. And, for most people, their days begin with a shower. Here are a few of the items needed to set students up for a hygienic semester ahead.

Shower caddy: This is a very important base. Because students will likely be sharing communal showers, they will need to cart their goods back and forth to the bathroom, so a sturdy caddy is key.

Bathrobe: On a related note, you’ll be traversing back and from the bathroom for showers. A bathrobe makes it easy to cover up.

Washcloths and towels: This isn’t an item students will want to share. Purchase a few matching sets in a unique color so students always know which color is theirs.

Flip-flops: Again, students will likely be sharing communal showers with many other students. Avoid any potential foot fungus with a simple pair of flip-flops.

Toiletries (Shampoo, Soap etc): Keep it clean from head to toe with shampoo and conditioner. For an added bonus, try a shampoo bar, which will dissipate when it’s done, leaving no plastic bottle pollution behind. Pick up your favorite scent before heading off to college so every time you open the bottle you are reminded of the sweet smell of home.

Toothbrush and toothpaste: It’s easy to pick up a simple toothbrush at any pharmacy, but students could also level-up with an electric brush, or even go for a subscription-based brush so they never have to remember when to replace the brush heads.

Deodorant: Students will be living in close proximity to one another, making it important to stay on top of hygiene and smelling nice. Look for a signature deodorant scent before leaving home.


💡 Quick Tip: SoFi offers low fixed- or variable-interest rates, so you can get a private student loan that fits your budget.

School and Office Supplies

While decorating a dorm room is fun, remember that the whole reason you’re there is to study. That being said, don’t forget these necessary school supplies to make your study life easier.

Headphones: Yes, headphones can be used for entertainment, but they can also be a valuable tool in a student’s office supply area too. That’s because, again, you will be sharing a small space with another person, so finding peace and quiet may be difficult for study and work time. But, it’s nothing a good pair of noise-canceling headphones can’t fix.

Memory cards or USB flash drives: Students will likely need to transport data files from home to printer, to class, or delivered straight to a professor. Have a few of these handy just in case.

Laptop: Though a typically expensive item, a laptop is critical for a college or university education. It’s how students can get their work done in the dorms, in class, or anywhere in between without having to head to the library for free computer use every time they need the internet. Some schools may have recommendations for laptops based on programs and the requirements for processing power or software.

School Supplies: Sure, the high-tech stuff above is great, but make sure to kick it old school too and purchase a few pens, pencils, highlighters, index cards, and notebooks so you can jot down notes, ideas, and more whenever you need to or if your computer runs out of battery.

Thinking about your current study habits can be a good place to start when evaluating what school supplies you’ll need as you head off to university. Don’t forget textbooks!

Surge protector and extension cords: Because there will likely be multiple students using up all the plugs in a dorm room, it’s a good idea to purchase a surge protector and a few extension cords to protect the electricity from overload.

Recommended: College Freshman Checklist for the Upcoming School Year

Kitchen Supplies

While you may have a meal plan or eat most of your meals out, having a few kitchen supplies can come in handy for when you don’t feel like cafeteria food or don’t have time to run out and grab something.

Microwave: A microwave can be a college student’s culinary best friend. Find a sturdy one that can handle reheating food and drinks, or even cook up entire meals.

Mini-fridge: Another college kitchen staple is the mini-fridge. Make sure it’s big enough for two roommates and all their in-room dining needs.

Dishes: College students need something to eat off of. Pack up a small collection of plates, cups, bowls, and cutlery before move-in day.

Food containers: Save any leftover goodies with some plastic food storage containers. Keep it simple with a few stackable options.

Coffee maker: College kids deserve to have coffee on tap, but the next best thing is remembering to pack a good coffee maker. Prefer tea? An electric kettle may be your new best friend. Review school policies on having electric appliances in a dorm room.

Room Needs

When packing for college, you’ll want to remember the dorm room essentials to make sure you’re comfortable and cozy while away at school.

Under-bed storage: College dorms can be tight. The average dorm room clocks in at just 180-square feet. With under-bed storage, you’ll be able to bring more items from home without taking up additional space.

Pillows: Take a few pillows to college — a few functional pillows for sleep and another couple of throw pillows for added flare.

Linens: Students should check with their college or university for their dorm room bed sizing, but odds are it’s a twin or twin XL. Get two sheet sets so students have one to wash and one to make the bed at all times.

Mattress pad: Dorm room beds aren’t exactly known for being the most comfortable things on earth. But, an easy way to upgrade student bedding is to purchase a mattress pad or feather bed.

Recommended: College Planning for High School Students

Cleaning Supplies

Going to college means students will now have to fend for themselves, and that goes for household chores too. Here are a few items all students need to get the job done right.

Laundry detergent: Find a favorite scent and stick with it. A good idea may be to find a detergent that works for both colors and whites to eliminate the need for multiple detergents.

Vacuum: Keeping a dorm room tidy is easy with a small vacuum. Even a dust buster will do.

Paper towels: Stock up on paper towels to clean up any accidents or to double as napkins when needed.

Wipes: Keep cleaning simple by purchasing a few canisters of wet wipes and use them regularly to disinfect surfaces.

Recommended: Using Student Loans for Living Expenses and Housing

Preparing to Pay for It All

Looking at this list, it’s clear that getting everything on your college packing list can get expensive. But, rather than stress about if you can afford cleaning supplies, linens, and office supplies, students can financially plan for what’s ahead by looking into all their college funding options, which may include savings, grants, scholarships, work-study, and federal subsidized and unsubsidized loans.

If you still have funding gaps, you may also want to consider applying for a private student loan. These are available from banks, credit unions, and online lenders. Students who have good credit (or cosigners who do) typically qualify for the best rates and terms. Just keep in mind that private student loans don’t offer the same protections, such as government-sponsored forgiveness programs, that come with federal loans.


💡 Quick Tip: Need a private student loan to cover your school bills? Because approval for a private student loan is based on creditworthiness, a cosigner may help a student get loan approval and a lower rate.

The Takeaway

Getting ready for college requires a lot of planning, packing, and organizing. To create your ultimate packing essentials list, think about your current day to day routine — what items do you use the most frequently?

It can be helpful to break the items on your packing list up into categories like school supplies, bedroom, kitchen, and bathroom so that you can compartmentalize and review smaller pieces at a time. With all your essentials in hand, you can shift your focus to choosing the right major or finding ways to pay for college.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.


Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

What should you bring to a college visit?

For a college visit, bring a notebook and pen, comfortable walking shoes, a camera or smartphone for photos, a list of questions, and a map of the campus. Dress appropriately for the weather and wear something you feel confident in.

What should I get for a college dorm?

For a college dorm, get a comfortable pillow, a set of sheets, a desk lamp, a power strip, a mini fridge, a microwave, a laundry basket, a shower caddy, and some storage bins. Add a few personal items to make it feel like home.

What are the essentials to bring to college?

Essentials for college include a laptop, textbooks, comfortable bedding, a mini fridge, a microwave, toiletries, a first-aid kit, a planner, and comfortable clothing. Don’t forget a few sentimental items for a touch of home.



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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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What Is a Direct PLUS Loan?

A Direct PLUS Loan is a type of unsubsidized federal student loan for graduate students or parents of a dependent undergraduate student.

Direct PLUS Loans can help pay for education costs that aren’t covered by other types of financial aid. Because they have higher interest rates than other types of federal loans, it’s generally recommended that a student exhaust all of their other Direct Loan options before considering a Direct PLUS Loan.

As you plan how to pay for your education, here’s what to know about Direct PLUS Loans to decide if this option is right for you.

Key Points

•   Direct PLUS Loans are federal loans for graduate students and parents of dependent undergraduates.

•   Borrowing limits for Direct PLUS Loans are the cost of attendance minus other financial aid.

•   Direct PLUS Loans have some of the highest interest rates — 7.94% for graduate and professional students and 8.94% for parents for 2025-26.

•   Loan fees of 4.228% are deducted from each disbursement of Direct PLUS Loans.

•   Consider other federal aid options first due to the higher interest rates and fees with Direct PLUS Loans.

What Is a Federal Direct PLUS Loan?

After pursuing financial aid options that don’t need to be paid back (such as grants, scholarships, and work-study programs), many students take out federal student loans to help pay for the cost of school.

There are several types of federal student loans from the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program. Direct Loans can be subsidized for undergraduate students with financial need — meaning that the federal government will pay the loan interest while a student is in school at least half-time and during a grace period after graduating or during a period of deferment.

Direct Loans can also be unsubsidized for both undergraduate and graduate students. With a Direct Unsubsidized Loan, the borrower is responsible for all of the interest that accumulates on the loan. These loans are not dependent on financial need, but there is a cap on the amount a student can borrow.

So what is a Direct PLUS Loan? Direct PLUS Loans can be made to graduate students or parents of dependent undergraduate students to help meet the remaining costs of school.

Types of Federal PLUS Loans

As mentioned, Direct PLUS Loans are unsubsidized federal student loans that two groups of people can apply for to help pay for higher education that isn’t covered by other types of financial aid: graduate and professional students or parents of a dependent undergraduate student.

When a Direct PLUS Loan is made to parents of an undergraduate student, it’s often referred to as a parent PLUS loan. When made to a graduate or professional student, it’s called a grad PLUS loan.

Keep in mind that PLUS loans are some of the highest interest loans offered by the government — significantly higher than federal loans offered directly to undergrads — so it’s worth it to pursue other federal options first.

Eligibility for Federal Parent PLUS Loans

Parents can qualify for a parent PLUS loan as the biological, adoptive, and in some cases, stepparent of a qualifying undergraduate student enrolled at least half-time. It’s important to note that a federal Direct PLUS Loan made to a parent borrower cannot be transferred to the child.

Both parent and child must be U.S. citizens or eligible noncitizens and meet the eligibility requirements for federal student aid.

Unlike other types of federal loans, Direct PLUS Loans consider your credit history, and the requirements state that the borrower must not have an adverse credit history.

Some borrowers with credit issues may still be able to qualify if they meet certain additional eligibility requirements, such as having an endorser on the loan. Another option is to file an appeal and provide documentation of extenuating circumstances related to the adverse credit history.

Eligibility for Federal Grad PLUS Loans

When a Direct PLUS Loan is made to a graduate or professional student, it’s commonly called a grad PLUS loan. To qualify as an individual student borrower, you must be enrolled at least half-time in an eligible program leading to a graduate or professional degree.

As with parent PLUS loans, the borrower must meet the eligibility requirements for federal financial aid and can’t have an adverse credit history.

Interest Rates on Federal PLUS Loans

Direct PLUS Loans have some of the highest interest rates of all federal student loans. For the 2025-2026 school year, the federal student loan interest rate is 6.39% for undergraduates, 7.94% for graduate and professional students, and 8.94% for parents. The interest rates, which are fixed for the life of the loan, are set annually by Congress.

For the 2025-2026 school year, the federal student loan interest rate is 6.39% for Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized Loans for undergraduates, 7.94% for Direct Unsubsidized Loans for graduate and professional students, and 8.94% for Direct PLUS loans for parents and graduate or professional students.

Is the Federal Direct PLUS Loan Subsidized or Unsubsidized?

Direct PLUS Loans are unsubsidized federal loans, meaning that the interest accumulates on the loan at all times.

If you are a graduate or professional student, you do not have to make any grad PLUS loan payments if you are enrolled at least half-time in school, and there is also a six-month grace period after you graduate or leave school.

If you don’t pay the interest on a federal unsubsidized loan during these periods, the interest on the loan is capitalized and added to the total principal amount of the loan. This amount will also accrue interest and increase the overall amount you owe.

Parent borrowers are expected to start making payments on a Direct PLUS Loan once it’s been fully paid out. But parents may request a student loan deferment while their child is enrolled in school or six months after.

Loan Fees on Federal PLUS Loans

There is a loan fee for Direct PLUS Loans. A percentage of the loan amount (currently 4.228%) is deducted from each loan disbursement. This percentage is higher than that for Direct Loans (currently 1.057%). Loan fees vary by the date that the loans are disbursed.

Loan Limits on Federal PLUS Loans

Direct PLUS loans allow graduate students or parents to borrow enough money to fund the costs of school that aren’t covered by other aid.

Unlike other federal loans, you can borrow up to the total cost of attendance with a Direct PLUS Loan, minus financial aid already received. The student’s school sets the amount that a graduate student or parent can borrow through a Direct PLUS Loan.

How to Apply for Federal PLUS Loans

Before applying for a Direct PLUS loan, a student must fill out the FAFSA® — the Free Application for Federal Student Aid. The borrower will undergo a credit check and may need to participate in credit counseling in some circumstances.

Once completed, schools at which students applied and were accepted will send award letters to students that include financial aid options for the upcoming school year, which may include Direct PLUS loans if the student and/or parent qualifies.

If a school doesn’t accept applications for Direct PLUS Loans via the federal Student Aid website, contact the school’s financial aid office to find out how to apply.

Recommended: FAFSA Guide

Thinking about refinancing your Direct PLUS Loans?
Get started with SoFi student loan refinancing.


What to Do When Federal PLUS Loans Aren’t Enough

The amount that can be borrowed through Direct PLUS Loans is set by the student’s school and can’t exceed the total cost of attendance minus financial aid received. If you still need additional funds to cover other education-related costs, you may want to explore private loans.

Private loans, which are also capped at the total cost of attendance, can bridge the gap between what a student is able to borrow in federal loans and their remaining needs after accounting for aid such as scholarships or grants.

Your eligibility and the interest rate that you can get through a private loan will depend on factors like your credit score and income. Having a cosigner on your loan may help you secure more favorable terms.

Parents with strong credit and income may find lower interest rates on private parent student loans than on federal parent PLUS loans which, as a reminder, also come with an origination fee.

Recommended: The Differences Between Grants, Scholarships, and Loans

What to Do About Undergraduate School Loans

If you owe both PLUS loans and undergraduate student loans, you may be looking for ways to lower your monthly payments. An income-driven repayment plan is one option for making monthly payments more affordable.

Direct PLUS loans made to students are eligible for most income-driven repayment plans, but parent PLUS loans are not. The only IDR plan available to parent borrowers is the Income-Contingent Repayment plan, and you must consolidate your parent PLUS loan into a federal Direct Consolidation Loan to become eligible.

If you’re a graduate student and you have a high-interest rate on existing undergraduate loans or need to lower your monthly payment before grad school, it could be worth considering student loan refinancing. Refinancing student loans through a private lender offers the opportunity to consolidate multiple student loans, federal and/or private, into a single loan with a single payment and (ideally) a lower interest rate. Note: You may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term.

Refinancing may be a long-term solution for some PLUS loan borrowers, especially if they do not qualify for income-driven repayment and are not planning to use other federal benefits. Keep in mind if you refinance federal loans, you lose access to federal benefits and protections, such as forgiveness, income-driven repayment plans, and forbearance.

The Takeaway

Direct PLUS Loans are unsubsidized federal loans that can be made to graduate students or parents of a dependent undergraduate student. Known as grad PLUS loans or parent PLUS loans, these federal loans take your credit history into account. If you have an adverse credit history, there are certain eligibility requirements you’ll need to meet to qualify.

Direct PLUS Loans allow you to borrow up to the full cost of attendance for graduate school minus the amount of financial aid you receive from other sources. Since they have higher interest rates and a higher origination fee than other types of federal loans, you’ll likely want to pursue a federal Direct Unsubsidized Loan first.

Private student loans can bridge the gap between what a student is able to borrow in federal loans and their remaining needs after aid such as scholarships or grants is considered. And remember, it’s possible to refinance student loans in the future if you might then qualify for a lower interest rate.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQ

How does a Direct PLUS loan work?

Direct PLUS Loans are unsubsidized federal student loans for graduate and professional students (often referred to as a grad PLUS loan) or parents of a dependent undergraduate student (often referred to as a parent PLUS loan).

Unlike other federal loans, you can borrow up to the total cost of attendance with a Direct PLUS Loan, minus financial aid already received. These loans are unsubsidized, meaning interest accrues as soon as they are disbursed.

What are the disadvantages of a Direct PLUS loan?

Disadvantages of Direct PLUS Loans include the fact that unlike other federal loans, these loans consider your credit history, and borrowers must not have an adverse credit history in order to be eligible for them (although some borrowers may still be able to qualify if they meet other requirements). In addition, Direct PLUS loans have higher interest rates and a higher origination fee than other types of federal loans.

Who pays back a Direct PLUS loan?

The borrower of a Direct Loan is responsible for paying it back. If you have a parent PLUS loan, the loan cannot be transferred to your child. The parent borrower is legally responsible for repaying the loan.


SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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How to Pay Less Taxes: 9 Simple Steps

Taxes are part of life, but many people would like to know if there are any ways to lower their tax bill.

While paying no taxes isn’t likely, there are ways you can use the tax code to reduce your taxable income and tax liability. These range from knowing the right filing status to maxing out your retirement contributions to understanding which deductions and credits you may qualify for.

Read on to learn some smart strategies for lowering your tax bill without running afoul of the IRS.

Key Points

•   Selecting the most appropriate filing status for your situation can lower tax bills.

•   Maximizing contributions to retirement accounts can reduce taxable income.

•   Withdrawals from a 529 savings plan are tax-free when used for qualifying educational expenses.

•   Contributions to a Health Savings Account are tax-deductible, and distributions used for qualifying medical expenses are tax-free.

•   With investments, tax-loss harvesting may help reduce the taxes owed on capital gains.

1. Choosing the Right Filing Status

If you’re married, you have a choice to file jointly or separately. In many cases, a married couple will come out ahead by filing taxes jointly.

Typically, this will give them a lower tax rate, and also may help make them eligible for certain tax breaks, such as the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), the American Opportunity Tax Credit (AOTC), and the Lifetime Learning Credit (LLC) for education expenses. But there are certain circumstances where couples may be better off filing separately.

Some examples include: when both spouses are high-income earners and earn the same, when one spouse has high medical bills, and if your income determines your student loan payments.

Seeking advice from a tax professional or preparing returns both ways can help you assess the pros and cons of filing jointly or separately.

2. Maxing Out Your Retirement Account

Generally, the lower your income, the lower your taxes. However, you don’t have to actually earn less money to lower your tax bill.

Instead, you can reduce your gross income (which is your income before taxes are taken out) by making contributions to a 401(k) retirement plan, a 403(b) retirement plan, a 457 plan, or an IRA.

The more you contribute to a pre-tax retirement account, the more you can reduce your adjusted gross income (AGI), which is the baseline for calculating your taxable income. A lower taxable income may also put you into different tax brackets. It’s important to keep in mind, however, that there are annual limitations to how much you can put aside into retirement, which depend on your income and your age.

Even if you don’t have access to a retirement plan at work, you may still be able to open and contribute to an IRA. And, you can do this even after the end of the year.

While the tax year ends on December 31st, you may still be able to contribute to your IRA or open up a Roth IRA or traditional IRA (if you meet the eligibility requirements) up until the tax deadline in mid-April.

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3. Adding Up Your Health Care Costs

Health care expenses are typically only deductible once they exceed 7.5% of your AGI (and only for those who itemize their deductions). But with today’s high cost of medical care and, in some cases, insurance companies passing more costs onto consumers, you might be surprised how much you’re actually spending on health care.

In addition to the obvious expenses, like copays and coinsurance, it’s key to also consider things like dental care, prescription medications, prescription eyeglasses, and even the mileage to and from all medical appointments.

4. Saving for Private School and College

If you have children who may attend college in the future, or who attend or will attend private school, it can pay off to open a 529 savings plan.

Even if your children are young, it’s never too early to start setting aside money for their education. In fact, because of the power compounding returns with long-term investing, starting early could help make college a lot more affordable.

A 529 savings plan is a type of investment account designed to help parents save for educational expenses (such as for private schools or colleges) in a tax-advantaged way. While you won’t typically get a federal tax deduction for the money you put into a 529, many states offer a state tax deduction for these contributions.

The big tax advantage is that no matter how much your investments grow between now and when you need the money, you won’t pay taxes on those gains, and any withdrawals you take out to pay for qualified education expenses will be tax-free.

Recommended: Compound vs. Simple Interest

5. Putting Estimated Tax Payments on Your Calendar

While this move won’t technically lower your taxes, it could help you avoid a higher-than-necessary tax bill at the end of the year.

That’s because income tax in the United States works on a pay-as-you-go system. If you are a salaried employee, the federal government typically collects income taxes throughout the year via payroll taxes.

If you’re self-employed or a freelancer, however, it’s up to you to pay as you go. You can do this by paying the IRS taxes in quarterly installments throughout the year.

If you don’t pay enough, or if you miss a quarterly payment due date, you may have to pay a penalty to the IRS. The penalty amount depends on how late you paid and how much you underpaid.

The deadlines for quarterly estimated tax payments are typically in mid-April, mid-June, mid-September, and mid-January.

For help calculating your estimated payments, individuals can use the Estimated Tax Worksheet from the IRS .

6. Saving Your Donation Receipts

You may be able to claim a deduction for donating to charities that are recognized by the IRS. So it’s a good idea to always get a receipt whenever you give, whether it’s cash, clothing and household items, or your old car.

If your total charitable contributions and other itemized deductions, including unreimbursed medical expenses, mortgage interest, and state and local taxes, are greater than your available standard deduction, you may wind up with a lower tax bill.

Note: For any contribution of $250 or more, you must obtain and keep a record.

7. Adding to Your HSA

If you have a high deductible health plan, you may be eligible for or already have a health savings account (HSA), where you can set aside funds for medical expenses.

HSA contributions are made with pre-tax dollars, so any money you put into an HSA is income the IRS will not be able to tax. And, you can typically add money until mid-April to deduct those contributions on the prior year’s taxes.

Distributions from your HSA are tax-free as long as they’re used for yourself, your spouse, and your dependents for qualifying medical expenses. If you don’t end up needing the money to pay for health care, you can simply leave it in your HSA until you reach age 65, at which point you can withdraw money from an HSA for any reason.

HSAs typically allow you to invest your funds, and in that case, the interest, dividends, and capital gains from an HSA are also nontaxable for qualified distributions.

Recommended: How to Switch Banks

8. Making Student Loan Payments

You may be able to lower your tax bill by deducting up to $2,500 of student loan interest paid per year, even if you don’t itemize your deductions.

There are certain income requirements that must be met, however. The deduction is phased out when an individual’s income reaches certain thresholds.

Even so, it’s worth plugging in the numbers to see if you qualify.

9. Selling Off Poorly Performing Investments

If you have investments in your portfolio that have been down for quite some time and aren’t likely to recover, selling them at a loss might benefit you tax-wise.

The reason: You can use these losses to offset capital gains, which are profits earned from selling an investment for more than you purchased it for. If you profited from an investment that you held for one year or less, those gains can be highly taxed by the IRS.

This strategy, known as tax-loss harvesting, needs to be done within the tax year that you owe, and may be used to reduce capital gains on both short-term and long-term investments (short-term gains are taxed at a higher rate than long-term gains). Tax-loss harvesting can help a taxpayer who has made money from investments avoid a large, unexpected tax bill.

The Takeaway

The key to saving on taxes is to get to know the tax code and make sure you’re taking advantage of all the deductions and credits you’re entitled to.

It can also be helpful to look at tax planning as a year-round activity. If you gradually make tax-friendly financial decisions like saving for retirement, college, and health care throughout the year, you could easily reduce your tax burden and potentially score a refund at the end of the year. If you do score a tax refund, you can put it to good use, paying down debt or earning interest in a bank account.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 3.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

How can I lower my tax payments?

Filing jointly, when applicable, can often get you a lower tax rate and a higher standard deduction. Other common ways to reduce taxes include contributing the maximum amount to retirement accounts, such as 401(k)s and IRAs, making tax-deductible contributions to an HSA account, deducting charitable contributions, and deducting up to $2,500 in student loan interest payments.

With investments, tax-loss harvesting may also help reduce the amount of taxes owed on capital gains.

How can saving for retirement help me lower my taxes?

Contributing to traditional, pre-tax retirement accounts like 401(k)s, 403(b)s, 457 plans, or IRAs can lower your taxable income for the year. These pre-tax contributions reduce the income you report to the IRS, which can result in a smaller tax bill now, while also allowing your retirement investments to grow tax-deferred until retirement.

Are there tax advantages to saving for health care expenses?

Yes, if you have a high-deductible health plan, you may be eligible for a Health Savings Account (HSA). HSAs offer a few different tax advantages: your contributions are tax-deductible, the money, if invested, may grow tax-free, and withdrawals for qualified medical expenses are also tax-free. In addition, non-medical withdrawals made after turning 65 are also tax-free.



SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 11/12/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

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How Rising Inflation Affects Student Loan Interest Rates

How Rising Inflation Affects Student Loan Interest Rates

Inflation indirectly causes student loan interest rates to rise. That’s because the government tends to increase interest rates to combat rising prices, which typically raises the cost of borrowing.

Student loan interest rates did in fact rise when the Federal Reserve began raising interest rates to combat inflation during the Covid-19 economic recovery. The fixed interest rate on newly disbursed federal student loans for undergraduates went from 2.75% in July 2020 to 6.93% for the 2025-26 academic year.

The fixed interest rate on newly disbursed federal student loans is largely determined by the high yield of the final 10-year Treasury note auction held each year in May. Bond yields are typically higher when interest rates go up.

High inflation is bad news for people seeking new student loans and those with variable interest rate loans, though people with fixed-rate loans won’t see their rates go up.

Key Points

•   Inflation can indirectly cause student loan interest rates by raising the cost of goods and services, which can cause interest rates on loans to rise.

•   The federal government sets the rates on federal student loans, and private lenders set the rates on private student loans.

•   Federal student loans maintain fixed interest rates over the life of the loan, unaffected by inflation changes.

•   Student loans with variable interest rates may fluctuate with changes in the market, including inflation.

•   Refinancing student loans at a lower rate can reduce borrowing costs and monthly payments.

What Exactly Is Inflation?

Inflation — the rising cost of everyday items — is an important economic factor to everyone from investors to policymakers to borrowers. The reason it matters to borrowers is that inflation can lead to higher interest rates on every kind of debt, including student loans.

Put simply, inflation means that the price of bread will be higher tomorrow than it is today and that here is Consumer Price Index (CPI) growth. So lenders may increase their interest rates during times of high inflation, given that borrowers will be paying the money back when those dollars will buy less. That’s one reason inflation and many interest rates have typically risen or fallen in step with each other.

The Federal Reserve is another reason. The country’s central bank plays a major role in managing the economy, especially with factors like interest rates and inflation.

The Fed began its rate-hiking campaign in March 2022 to combat high inflation and continued raising rates into 2023. Increases to the federal funds rate have prompted commercial banks to raise the price of consumer loans and other financial products, including private student loans. In 2024, as inflation cooled, the Fed began lowering rates.

What Does Inflation Mean for Student Loans?

To someone with student loan debt, inflation may not always be bad news. That’s because price inflation may influence wage inflation.

Inflation typically drives up the price of everything, including wages. As a result, some borrowers are paying back certain fixed-rate loans, for example, with dollars that have less value than the ones they borrowed.

There are exceptions. If a borrower took out a variable rate private student loan, it’s likely that inflation will lead to higher interest rates, which will translate into higher interest rates that the borrower has to pay. But if the borrower has a fixed-rate private student loan and their salary keeps up with the pace of inflation, then inflation can be helpful.

With the Federal Reserve holding steady on interest rates as of June 2025 to help keep inflation down, but the possibility that there may be a rate change later in the year, it’s worth checking to see whether your private student loan has a fixed or variable rate.

As a quick primer, fixed-rate loans have the same interest rate from when borrowers take out the loan to when they pay it off. Variable-rate loans change the interest they charge, which is influenced by Federal Reserve rate changes.

All federal student loans disbursed since July 2006 have fixed interest rates. Meanwhile, banks and other private lenders may offer fixed-rate and variable-rate private student loans.

When Does Refinancing Make Sense?

Student loan refinancing may be right for you if you qualify for a lower interest rate. The first step is to check the interest rates on your existing student loans against the rates offered by other lenders. If they offer a better rate, then it may be possible to pay off that student loan debt faster or reduce your monthly payments with refinancing.

A student loan refinancing calculator may come in handy as you weigh your options.

Some lenders refinance both federal student loans and private student loans. However, if you choose to refinance federal student loans with a private lender, you will give up federal benefits and protections like federal income-driven repayment (IDR) plans and Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF).

If you qualify for a lower interest rate, student loan refinancing may reduce your borrowing costs. Refinancing for a longer term, however, may increase your total interest costs.

The Takeaway

Borrowers with variable-rate student loans may see their borrowing costs go up during times of rising inflation. Whether your student loans have a fixed or variable interest rate, the impact of consumer price inflation across the economy may impact your ability to make ends meet.

If you find student loan refinancing is right for you, SoFi can help. SoFi refinances federal student loans, parent PLUS loans, and private student loans with no origination or prepayment fees.

With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQ

How does inflation affect student loans?

Inflation affects student loans because the government typically raises interest rates in an attempt to help tame rising inflation. That, in turn, raises the cost of borrowing money — including for student loans. The interest rate on federal student loans has climbed from 3.73% in 2021 to 6.93% for the 2025-26 academic year.

How does inflation affect interest rates on loans?

When inflation rises, the cost of goods and services rises as well. Because borrowers are then repaying their loans with dollars that buy less, lenders may increase their interest rates on loans. In addition, the Federal Reserve typically raises the federal funds rate to help tame rising inflation, which can lead to an increase in interest rates for loans.

Why is my student loan interest rate going up?

Federal student loan interest rates are determined by federal law. On July 1 each year, the fixed interest rate for each type of loan resets. The interest rate is determined based on the high yield of 10-year Treasury notes plus a fixed interest rate increase. The interest rate on federal student loans are fixed, so they will remain the same over the life of your loan.

With private student loans, lenders set the interest rates and they may raise them if inflation is rising. Lenders typically offer a range of rates, and the rate a borrower gets generally depends on their credit history.


Photo credit: iStock/MicroStockHub

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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Actively Managed Funds vs Index Funds: Differences and Similarities

Actively managed funds and index funds are similar in that they’re both a type of pooled investment fund, and they both come in a variety of styles (e.g., large cap, small cap, green bonds, and so on). The main difference between them is that actively managed funds rely on a team of live portfolio managers vs. index funds, which simply track or mirror a relevant index using an algorithm.

The difference in management style between active and so-called “passive” index funds leads to a series of other differences, including cost and transparency around securities in the fund. Further, the debate concerning the merits of actively managed funds vs. index funds is a longstanding one. Both types of funds have the potential to yield advantages to investors. But they each have drawbacks that should be weighed in the balance.

Key Points

•   Actively managed funds aim to outperform the market through professional selection of securities.

•   Index funds mirror a benchmark index, offering passive investment.

•   Higher costs are typical for actively managed funds due to the expense of portfolio managers and frequent trading.

•   Index funds are generally more tax efficient, with lower turnover and fewer capital gains.

•   Pros of actively managed funds include potential for higher returns; index funds may offer lower costs and more predictable performance.

What Are Index Funds?

Index funds are a type of mutual fund or exchange-traded fund (ETF) that mirror the performance of a specific stock market index.

A stock market index measures a particular sector of the market. In the case of the S&P 500 Index, for example, what’s being measured is the performance of the 500 largest U.S. companies.

While it’s not possible to invest in an index directly, index funds and ETFs offer a work-around because when you invest in an index fund, you’re purchasing a fund that holds securities which are representative of its representative index.

If you’re buying a fund that tracks the Nasdaq-100 Composite Index, for example, the fund would include stocks from the 100 largest and most actively-traded non-financial domestic and international securities listed on the Nasdaq. The securities are not hand-picked by a portfolio manager, and an index fund doesn’t seek to outperform the benchmark — but rather, to match it.

Index funds can be cap-weighted, meaning they track an index that relies on market capitalization to decide which securities to include. Market capitalization is a company’s value as determined by its share price multiplied by the number of shares outstanding.

For example, some index funds only track large-cap companies that have a market capitalization of more than $10 billion. Others focus on small-cap companies that have a market capitalization of $250 million to $2 billion.

Index funds and index investing follow a passive investment strategy. That means that the fund tracks the performance of a particular benchmark, rather than trying to beat the market by using the skills of a live portfolio manager.

What Are Actively Managed Funds?

Actively managed ETFs and mutual funds also represent a collection or basket of securities. The difference between these types of funds and index funds is that instead of being passively managed and tracking a specific index, a fund manager plays a hands-on role in determining which securities to include, in an attempt to outperform benchmarks.

Because of that, fund turnover — the movement of assets in and out of the fund — may be more frequent compared to an index fund. This has certain tax and cost implications for investors.

Index Funds vs Actively Managed Funds

Index funds do have some similarities to actively managed funds, but the chief difference between them — i.e. the use of passive management vs. active management — yields some important other differences.

Index Funds

Active Funds

Types of securities All securities (stocks, bonds, etc.) All securities (stocks, bonds, etc.)
Investment objective To mirror its benchmark To outperform its benchmark
Management style Passive (securities in the fund match the index) Active (fund managers select securities in the fund on the basis of performance)
Cost Average expense ratio is about 0.03 to 0.05% Average expense ratio is about 0.50% to 0.75%
Tax efficiency Less turnover, more tax efficient Higher turnover, less tax efficient

Similarities

As noted above, both types of funds are pooled investment funds. You might have passively or actively managed mutual funds as well as exchange-traded funds.

Both types of funds can be invested in a wide range of different equities, bonds, and other securities. For example, you might have a small-cap ETF that’s passively managed (perhaps it tracks the Russell 2000 small-cap index) or an ETF that’s actively managed and also invested in small-cap companies.

Differences

The chief differences between actively managed funds show up in terms of cost and tax implications, and performance.

Actively managed funds are generally more expensive than index funds, because the fund employs a team of active managers who hand-pick securities and trade them. Active funds also have a different investment objective: to outperform benchmarks. Index funds merely seek to mirror the performance of its benchmark index.

So a large-cap actively managed fund might seek to outperform the S&P 500, whereas a large-cap index fund that tracks the S&P 500 would aim to deliver the same results as the index itself.


💡 Quick Tip: When you’re actively investing in stocks, it’s important to ask what types of fees you might have to pay. For example, brokers may charge a flat fee for trading stocks, or require some commission for every trade. Taking the time to manage investment costs can be beneficial over the long term.

Pros and Cons of Index Funds

There’s a lot to like about index funds but with any investment, it’s important to consider the potential downsides. Reading through an index fund’s prospectus can offer more insight into how the particular fund works, in terms of what it invests in, its risk profile, and the costs you’ll pay to own it. This can help you better gauge whether a particular index fund aligns with your investment strategy.

When weighing index funds as a whole, here are some important points to keep in mind.

Index Fund Pros

•   Simplified diversification. Diversification may help manage risk inside a portfolio. Index funds can make diversifying easier through exposure to multiple securities that represent a specific index.

•   Cost. Because they are passively managed, index funds typically charge fewer fees and carry expense ratios that are well below the industry average of 0.57%. Fewer fees allow you to keep more of your investment returns.

•   Tax efficient. Index funds tend to turn over assets less frequently than actively managed funds, which means fewer capital gains tax events — another way index funds can save investors money.

•   Consistent performance. The idea behind an index fund is that it will closely track its benchmark to mirror performance. Index funds may offer stable returns over time when they perform in tandem with their respective indices.

Index Fund Cons

•   Underperformance. Index fund returns can differ from one fund to the next and factors such as fees, expense ratios, and market conditions can affect how well a fund performs. It’s possible that rather than matching its benchmark, an index fund may deliver returns below expectations.

•   Cost. Between index funds vs. managed funds, index funds tend to have lower costs — but that’s not always the case. It’s possible to invest in index funds that prove more expensive than actively managed funds.

•   Tracking error. Tracking error occurs when an index fund’s performance doesn’t match the performance of its benchmark. This can happen if the fund’s makeup doesn’t accurately reflect the makeup of securities tracked by the index.

•   Limit on returns. Index funds aren’t designed to outperform a benchmark. Investing in these funds, without considering active investing strategies, could limit your return potential over time and cause you to miss out on bigger investment gains.

Why Invest in Index Funds?

Index funds and index investing may work better for a buy-and-hold investor who’s focused on investing for the long-term. Buy-and hold-strategies often go hand in hand with value investing strategies, in which the emphasis lies on finding companies that are undervalued by the market.

Utilizing index funds could simplify investing over the long term, and it may suit people who want to minimize risk-taking in their portfolios. But it’s important to consider the trade-offs involved with choosing index funds vs. actively managed funds.

Pros and Cons of Actively Managed Funds

With active funds, fund managers use their knowledge and expertise to determine which securities to buy or sell inside the fund in order to reach the fund’s investment goals.

As with index investing, using actively managed funds to invest can have its high and low points. Here are some key things to know about investing with actively managed funds.

Actively Managed Funds Pros

•   Professional expertise. Actively managed funds allow investors to benefit from a fund manager’s know-how and experience in the market. This may be reassuring to an investor who’s still learning the ropes of how trading works, or who has faith in a particular fund manager.

•   Higher returns. Actively managed funds seek to outperform the market. If the fund realizes its objectives, returns could possibly exceed those offered by index funds. Historically, though, the majority of active funds don’t consistently outperform the market.

Actively Managed Funds Cons

•   Underperformance. As with index funds, it’s possible that an actively managed fund’s returns won’t meet investor expectations. This can happen if the fund manager makes a miscalculation when choosing securities or unforeseen events, such as a major economic downturn, deliver a blow to the market.

•   High management fees. The costs associated with having a fund manager make decisions are typically higher than with passively managed index funds.

•   Risk. Active trading can be riskier than index investing, since performance relies on the fund manager to make buying and selling decisions.

•   Taxes. Since asset turnover may be higher for actively managed funds, more capital gains tax events are likely. Even though an actively managed fund may generate higher returns, those have to be weighed against the possibility of increased tax liability.

Why Invest in Actively Managed Funds

Actively managed funds may offer more downside than upside to investors. Unlike index funds, actively managed funds may not be suited for a long-term, buy-and-hold strategy. But for investors who have the time or inclination to take their chances for a greater potential yield, they might be an attractive part of a portfolio.

Are Index Funds Better Than Managed Funds?

Both actively managed funds and index funds aim to help investors achieve their goals, but in different ways and with potentially different results. Whether index funds or managed funds are better hinges largely on the individual investor and what they need or expect their investments to do for them.

When considering index funds and actively managed funds, ask yourself what’s more important: Steady returns or a chance to outperform the market? While actively managed funds can outperform market indices, results aren’t guaranteed and in some cases, active funds can lag behind their benchmarks.

Index funds, on the other hand, may offer a greater sense of stability over time and potentially more insulation against market volatility. While all investments carry the risk of loss, over time there may be a smaller chance of losing money in an index fund. But there are no guarantees.

Potential lower investment costs can also be attractive when estimating net returns, but again it’s important to compare fund costs against fund performance individually, to ensure that you’re comfortable with the number.

The Takeaway

Whether you prefer index funds vs. managed funds might depend on your age, time horizon for investing, risk tolerance, and goals. If you lean toward a hands-off, goals-based investing approach that carries lower costs, index investing could suit you well.

On the other hand, if you’re more interested in beating the market, and if you believe active management is more likely to deliver outperformance, then you may consider the benefits of active investing.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

¹Opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $3,000 in the stock of your choice.

FAQ

What is an actively-managed fund?

Actively-managed funds are funds (such as ETFs or mutual funds) that are overseen by a fund manager, who has a hands-on role in deciding which investments the fund invests in. Conversely, a passive fund may simply track a market index.

What is a primary difference between index and active funds?

One primary difference between index and active funds is that index funds seek to merely mirror the performance of a benchmark, whereas an active fund is hoping to outperform it. Costs may be significantly higher for active funds, too.

Are active funds more expensive than index funds?

Generally, yes, the fees associated with active funds are higher than index funds because a fund manager is at the helm, taking a hands-on approach.


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SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results.

Mutual Funds (MFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or clicking the prospectus link on the fund's respective page at sofi.com. You may also contact customer service at: 1.855.456.7634. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.Mutual Funds must be bought and sold at NAV (Net Asset Value); unless otherwise noted in the prospectus, trades are only done once per day after the markets close. Investment returns are subject to risk, include the risk of loss. Shares may be worth more or less their original value when redeemed. The diversification of a mutual fund will not protect against loss. A mutual fund may not achieve its stated investment objective. Rebalancing and other activities within the fund may be subject to tax consequences.

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or by emailing customer service at [email protected]. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.

Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

S&P 500 Index: The S&P 500 Index is a market-capitalization-weighted index of 500 leading publicly traded companies in the U.S. It is not an investment product, but a measure of U.S. equity performance. Historical performance of the S&P 500 Index does not guarantee similar results in the future. The historical return of the S&P 500 Index shown does not include the reinvestment of dividends or account for investment fees, expenses, or taxes, which would reduce actual returns.
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SoFi Invest may waive all, or part of any of these fees, permanently or for a period of time, at its sole discretion for any reason. Fees are subject to change at any time. The current fee schedule will always be available in your Account Documents section of SoFi Invest.


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Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

¹Claw Promotion: Probability of Member receiving $1,000 is a probability of 0.026%; If you don’t make a selection in 45 days, you’ll no longer qualify for the promo. Customer must fund their account with a minimum of $50.00 to qualify. Probability percentage is subject to decrease. See full terms and conditions.

SOIN-Q225-129

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