What Is a Senior Checking Account?

What Is a Senior Citizen Checking Account?

A senior citizen checking account is a type of bank account specifically designed for individuals who are typically aged 55 or older. These accounts often offer benefits such as higher interest rates, lower fees, and additional perks tailored to the needs of seniors, such as discounts on travel or entertainment.

Is it worth getting a senior checking account vs. a regular checking account? Sometimes — but not always. Here’s what you need to know.

How Does a Senior Checking Account Work?

A senior checking account works in the same way as a regular checking account. The only difference is that it may offer benefits and features customized for adults above a certain age, which might be 50, 55, or 62, depending on the bank or credit union. Senior checking accounts are more commonly offered by smaller regional banks or credit unions than by large national banks.

Like a standard checking account, senior checking accounts offer a place to safely store your money and manage day-to-day spending. They typically come with paper checks plus a debit card you can use for purchases or cash withdrawals. Checking accounts may also offer features like overdraft protection and direct deposit.

Recommended: 7 Tips for Managing a Checking Account

What Is the Difference Between a Senior Checking Account and a Normal Checking Account?

Overall, a senior checking account serves the same purpose as a regular checking account. However, a senior checking account may have certain age requirements and can come with unique benefits and senior discounts designed to appeal to older adults. Some of these benefits may include:

•   Free checks

•   No monthly service charges or low minimum balance requirement to waive monthly service fees

•   24/7 access to customer service by phone

•   Interest on checking account balances

•   A certain number of out-of-network ATM fees waived

•   Discounts on safe deposit boxes

•   Free services such as notary, cashier’s checks, money orders, and wire transfers

•   Special interest rates on certificates of deposit (CDs) or loans

•   Rewards points for using your debit card

These types of perks make it easier for senior citizens to manage their financial life.

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Pros of a Senior Checking Account

A senior checking account generally offers all the benefits of traditional checking, plus some extras. Here’s a look at some of the advantages of opening a senior checking account.

•   Unique perks: Eligible account holders can often enjoy special perks like free checks, waived monthly service charges and transaction fees, and discounted banking services.

•   Earn interest: It’s not guaranteed everywhere, but some senior checking accounts allow account holders to earn interest on their deposits.

•   Security: Like regular checking accounts, funds stored in a senior checking account (up to a certain amount) are safe and secure, thanks to Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) or National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) insurance,

•   Accessibility: As with any checking account, it’s easy to access your money from a senior checking account when you need it. You can usually make withdrawals in a variety of different ways, including at a branch with a teller, using a debit card at an ATM, writing a check, and making an online bank transfer.

•   Debit card: Typically, senior checking accounts come with debit cards which make it easy to pay for purchases without having cash on hand.

•   Direct deposits: Instead of waiting for paper checks in the mail, checking account holders can set up convenient direct deposits.

Cons of a Senior Checking Account

There are also disadvantages associated with senior checking accounts. Here are some to mull over.

•   Age requirements: Senior checking accounts often have age requirements. Depending on the bank or credit union, you may need to be 50-plus, 55-plus, or 62-plus.

•   Minimal interest: Some senior checking accounts offer interest. However, annual percentage yields (APYs) are generally low. You can likely get a significantly better return on your money by storing it in a high-yield savings account.

•   Minimum balance: Some senior checking accounts may require you to keep a minimum balance to avoid monthly maintenance fees or earn interest.

•   May not be better than a regular account: Many of the promoted perks of a senior checking account may also be available with a standard checking account.

•   Fees: While senior checking accounts tend to charge fewer or lower fees, they can come with account management fees, overdraft fees, and other fees

•   May get better perks with a regular checking account: If you keep a large balance in your checking account, you may be better off with a premium checking account, which could offer more perks and services than a senior checking account.

Things to Consider When Looking for a Senior Citizen Checking Account

Before opening a senior checking account, here are a few helpful things to keep in mind.

•   Convenience: Does the bank or credit union have enough branches and ATMs? Is their website easy to use? Do the bank’s customer service options fit your preferences?

•   Special services and features: Compare a few different senior citizen checking account options. What perks do they offer? Do these services and features matter to you? A free safety deposit box and a special rate on a CD won’t be useful if you don’t plan to use those products.

•   Minimum balance requirements: Does the account have a minimum balance requirement? Will this threshold be easy to meet? If not, you might end up paying a monthly maintenance charge.

•   Fees: Senior citizen checking accounts tend to have fewer fees than typical checking accounts. Still, it’s worth comparing the different fees each account charges. Consider overdraft fees, ATM fees, nonsufficient funds fees, as well as fees for services you may use, such as money orders or wire transfers.

Is a Senior Checking Account Worth It Over a Normal Checking Account?

It depends. Since there are numerous banking choices these days, including traditional banks and credit unions and online-only institutions, it generally pays to shop around and compare benefits and perks of different checking accounts.

As you shop around, keep an eye out for minimum balance requirements and monthly (and any other) fees. If a senior checking account will actually save you money, it could be worth it. If you could do better with a regular checking account, then you may want to skip the senior account.

How Can I Apply for a Senior Citizen Checking Account?

The process of opening a checking account for senior citizens is generally the same as opening a regular checking account. Here’s a look at the steps that are typically involved.

1.    Complete the application. You can generally do this either online or in person at a branch and will need all your basic information (including a government-issued photo ID, proof of address, and Social Security number).

2.    Designate beneficiaries. Once your application is approved, you can choose a beneficiary for your account.

3.    Deposit funds. If an opening deposit is required, you can typically do this by transferring funds from another account (either at the same or a different bank) or using a check, cash, or a debit card.

If you plan to close your other checking account, you’ll want to wait until all outstanding payments and deposits going in or coming out of that account have cleared. Also be sure to change any online bill payments and direct deposits from your prior checking account to your new checking account.

Recommended: How To Switch Banks in 3 Easy Steps

The Takeaway

Senior checking accounts generally come with benefits tailored to older adults, such as lower fees, higher interest rates, and additional perks like free checks or discounts on services.

If you’re over a certain age, prefer traditional banking services, and value these benefits, a senior checking account could be worth it. However, if you’re looking to switch your bank account, it’s wise to compare the features and fees of different accounts to determine which one offers the best value. Depending on your needs and goals, you might find that a checking account with no age requirements is a better fit.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

What is senior banking?

Senior banking refers to banking services and accounts specifically designed for older individuals, typically aged 55 or older. These accounts often come with features and benefits tailored to the needs of seniors, such as lower fees, higher interest rates, and additional perks like free checks or discounts on services. Senior banking may also include financial planning and retirement services to help seniors manage their finances more effectively.

What is the age restriction for senior checking accounts?

Depending on the bank or credit union, the age restriction for a senior checking account may be age 50, 55, or 62.

What is the age limit for a senior citizen bank account?

The age limit for a senior bank account can vary depending on the financial institution. In general, senior bank accounts are available to individuals who are aged 55 or older. However, some banks may offer senior accounts to individuals as young as 50, while others may set the age limit at 62 or older. It’s best to check with the specific bank or credit union to determine the age requirements for their senior banking products.


About the author

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a freelance writer who specializes in financial topics. Her first job out of college was in the financial industry, and it was there she gained a passion for helping others understand tricky financial topics. Read full bio.



Photo credit: iStock/Deagreez

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Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Typical Retirement Expenses to Prepare For

Retirement goals — whether they include traveling or relocating to a desired area — are achievable if you can plan for the expenses that need to be covered during those years.

However, not all Americans know what to expect regarding living expenses during their retirement. They may not know how to budget for ordinary costs in retirement, like housing and transportation, or make the most out of retirement income. Here’s a look at typical retirement expenses so individuals can get a handle on how much they’re likely to spend, and how much they need to budget for retirement, and how that might inform their strategies for padding their retirement and investment accounts.

Key Points

•   Annual big-ticket costs for retirees include housing, transportation, health care, food, and entertainment.

•   Housing is the largest expense, with average annual costs in the tens of thousands of dollars.

•   Unexpected expenses can include uncovered health care costs and home repairs, while spending may decrease on insurance, taxes, and transportation.

•   Effective retirement financial management involves categorizing expenses, estimating income, and planning for unexpected costs.

•   Regularly reviewing and adjusting the budget is crucial to align with changing retirement goals and financial situations.

This article is part of SoFi’s Retirement Planning Guide, our coverage of all the steps you need to create a successful retirement plan.


money management guide for beginners

Average Monthly Cost of Retirement Expenses

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ 2023 Consumer Expenditures report, Americans age 65 and over spent $60,087 on average during 2023, while those aged 65 to 74 spent $65,149, and those 75 and over spent $53,031.

Looking at those figures by month, a retiree aged 65 and over spent just above $5,000 on average each month, while those aged 65 to 74 spent about $5,400 per month, and those 77 and over spent close to $4,400 per month.

Retirees generally spent less than the average American in 2023, which was $77,280 (or about $6,440 a month). Retirees also spent less than people nearing retirement, those aged 55 to 64, who spent an average of $83,379 that year (just under $7,000 a month).

💡 Recommended: Average Retirement Savings by Age

5 Common Retirement Expenses by Category

The typical budget for retirees needs to cover expenses for a retirement that could stretch over two or three decades. Drilling down to specific categories can help retirement savers determine benchmarks for their own budget.

1. Housing

Housing expenses, such as mortgage payments, insurance, and maintenance costs, are among the highest costs retirees face.

Housing
65 and older 65-75 75+
$21,445 $22,216 $20,370

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics’ 2023 Consumer Expenditures report

In 2023, Americans over the age of 65 spent an average of $21,445 on housing. Those between the ages of 65 and 74 spent an average of $22,216, and those 75 and over spent $20,370.

These expenses can vary dramatically by location and housing type. For example, housing costs are typically much higher in a coastal California community than in a real estate market in a state with relatively low property taxes, such as Wyoming, South Carolina, or Colorado. This might be a factor to consider when weighing the best states to retire in.

2. Transportation

Many retirees want an action-packed retirement full of entertainment, socializing, visiting family, and traveling the country. That means that transportation costs can be a significant factor in retirement expenses, especially early in retirement.

Transportation
65 and older 65-75 75+
$9,033 $10,899 $6,448

Americans over 65 spent an average of $9,033 on transportation during 2023, and that figure was $10,899 for those between 65 and 74. For those 75 and over, the average was $6,448.

Retirees who don’t own a car may still need to factor the cost of public transportation into their annual retirement costs. Buses, subways, and other public transportation sources cost older generations hundreds of dollars per year.

3. Healthcare

Americans’ healthcare costs — including health insurance, medical services, medical supplies, and prescription drugs — increase as they grow older. With age comes aching joints, injuries from falling, and sometimes chronic diseases like arthritis, diabetes, or Alzheimer’s. Americans spent an average of $4,976 on healthcare annually between 2016 and 2020, but this is one area where retirees spend more than their younger peers.

Health Care
65 and older 65-75 75+
$8,027 $7,942 $8,145

Americans’ health care costs — including health insurance, medical services, medical supplies, and prescription drugs — increase as they grow older. With age comes aching joints, injuries from falling, and sometimes chronic diseases like arthritis, diabetes, or Alzheimer’s.

Americans over 65 spent a tad more than $8,000 annually, on average, on health care during 2023. Those between 65 and 74 spent an average of $7,942, and those 75 and over spent $8,145.

Costs vary from person to person depending on their genetics, injuries, and lifestyle choices. For example, if heart disease runs in the family or you are a smoker, you may want to save extra for retirement health care costs. If you have a high deductible health insurance plan, consider saving with a health savings account (HSA), which offers tax-advantaged savings to cover health care costs.

4. Food

Transportation
65 and older 65-75 75+
$7,714 $8,566 $6,508

When it comes to food expenses, Americans spent $7,714, on average, for those 65 and older, $8,566 for those between 65 and 74, and $6,508 for those 75 and over in 2023.

An individual’s food costs will vary depending on their diet and habits. For example, people who buy organic vegetables will likely spend more on produce than people who don’t. There’s also a good chance that eating at home more frequently will cost less than eating out five times per week.

5. Entertainment

Having fun isn’t just for the young. In 2023, Americans over age 65 spent an average of $2,898 annually on entertainment, which could include fees and admissions to places like museums, theater performances, and movies. Entertainment expenses also include hobbies and pet costs. Those between 65 and 74 spent an average of $3,447, and those 75 and over spent $2,131.

Entertainment
65 and older 65-75 75+
$2,898 $3,447 $2,131

What Is the Most Costly Retirement Expense?

Of all of the expenses in retirement, the most expensive is generally housing. While of course exact retirement costs will vary from individual to individual depending on their situation, the average cost of housing even far exceeds costs like health care.

There are steps retirees can take to potentially reduce this expense though. For instance, they may aim to pay off their mortgage before they retire. Or, they could consider moving to a less costly state with lower taxes.

What Are Some Unexpected Retirement Expenses?

Even a well-laid retirement plan can leave someone open to surprise. Some unexpected retirement expenses that retirees might want to factor into their retirement planning include:

•   Uncovered health care costs: Health care might not cover anything, and to get total coverage, it might be necessary to get multiple plans under Medicare. However, it’s important to weigh the cost of that over any out-of-pocket costs. Of course, it’s hard to predict the future and because of that, it can be challenging to get the math just right.

•   Long-term care: This retirement expense can be steep, and the costs involved continue to rise. Especially for retirees who don’t have family to turn to for assistance, this can constitute a significant portion of a retirement budget. In-home care aids may cost tens of thousands of dollars per year, and a private room in a nursing home facility could easily run more than $100,000 per year.

•   Unanticipated housing costs: Retirees’ budgets might also get thrown off by housing costs they didn’t factor into their calculations. For instance, while a retiree may have noted the cost of their monthly mortgage payments, they may not have taken into account potential home repairs and maintenance, or needed additions, like a wheelchair-accessible ramp.

What Will You Spend Less on in Retirement?

We’ve talked a lot about the costs of retirement, but there are some areas where you’ll spend less in this stage of life. One place you’ll shell out less is on insurance (due to Medicare) and taxes (less income to be taxed) — though that’ll depend on each individual’s specific situation.

Other areas where costs might be lower in retirement include on pets and pet supplies; alcohol and tobacco; clothing; and, if you’re giving up your rush-hour commute, transportation.

5 Steps to Set Up a Retirement Budget

Once you have an idea of potential retirement expenses, you can start to save and comprehensively budget for them. Since every retirement looks different, there’s no average retirement budget — a good monthly retirement income for a couple will be different than for a single person. Nonetheless, these are the steps to create a budget that may work for you.

Step 1. Contribute to a Retirement Account

You may already have retirement savings in your company-sponsored 401(k) or a similar retirement plan. But those who don’t have access to a 401(k) or want to increase their savings can also save in an individual retirement account like a Traditional IRA or Roth IRA. These accounts can provide tax-advantaged ways to start retirement with adequate savings to build a budget.

💡 Recommended: Roth IRA vs Traditional IRA: Key Differences and How to Choose

Step 2: Make a List of Expected Monthly Expenses

Most expenses can fit into one of three categories: fixed, variable, and one-time. Fixed expenses are payments that occur regularly and stay the same from month to month, like mortgage/rent payments, property taxes, and car payments.

Variable expenses change from month to month, depending on personal usage and price fluctuations. Standard variable costs include utility bills and groceries. Likewise, any entertainment expenses, medical expenses, pet care, and personal care expenses may be variable.

One-time or non-recurring expenses are costs that don’t occur regularly. These might include a new roof, a vacation, or a wedding. You may want to set aside money in an emergency fund for unexpected expenses (like that new roof) and have other funds earmarked for non-essential, one-time expenses (like a wedding or vacation).

To get an idea of your various expenses, gather payment information from bank statements, credit card statements, receipts, and bills. Take a look at what you spend now, then deduct expenses you won’t have at retirement (perhaps you’ll eliminate a car payment or pay off your mortgage). Then you can tally what’s left to get an estimate of your projected expenses and build a line-item budget.

Step 3: Estimate Retirement Income

To get a sense of your potential retirement income, look at projected monthly withdrawals from Social Security, retirement accounts, pensions, real estate investments (like a rental property), and any savings or part-time income. Total them up to figure out what your monthly income will be.

Step 4: Compare Expected Expenses to Expected Income

Ideally, your expected income will be larger than your projected expenses. If this is not the case, you can remedy this issue by reducing costs or increasing income.

To reduce expenses, you may consider downsizing your home or going from owning two cars to one. You may also consider streamlining entertainment expenses as a better way to cut costs.

To increase income, you may consider taking on a part-time job when you retire or look to passive income sources to boost the money that you have to spend during retirement.

Step 5: Figure Out When You Can Retire

Once you know how much money you may need in retirement and how long you’ll need to save to get there, you can plan a realistic timeline for when you can retire.

Keep in mind that the plan will likely change over time as you get closer to retirement, depending on how much you’re able to save and how your retirement goals change. Along the way, it could be necessary to boost your retirement savings if you decide you want to retire sooner than later, or you find you’re not quite on-track for your planned age.

The Takeaway

Budgeting for retirement can feel overwhelming, but taking it step by step allows you to create a plan for a retirement you’ll enjoy. It’s helpful to know the average monthly costs and to know in which major categories retirees regularly spend. You might be surprised by where you need to budget more, or where costs might be lower than expected.

Ready to start saving to cover your retirement expenses? Consider an investment account with SoFi Invest®. Investors can trade stocks, exchange-traded funds, and even fractional shares. SoFi members also have access to SoFi Financial Planners, who can provide personalized insights and financial advice so members can make the most of their retirement savings.

Prepare for your retirement with an individual retirement account (IRA). It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. Whether you prefer a hands-on self-directed IRA through SoFi Securities or an automated robo IRA with SoFi Wealth, you can build a portfolio to help support your long-term goals while gaining access to tax-advantaged savings strategies.

Help build your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

What are common expenses in retirement?

Common expenses in retirement include housing, health care, transportation, food, and entertainment. Of course, where you spend — and how much you spend in each category — will vary from retiree to retiree.

What is a reasonable retirement budget?

This depends on a person’s anticipated expenses and the lifestyle they’d like to lead in retirement. That said, the average American over the age of 65 spent just over $60,000 during 2023.

Which is the biggest expense for most retirees?

The largest cost in retirement is generally housing. In 2023, Americans over the age of 65 spent an average of $21,445 on housing.


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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.


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Everything You Need to Know About Lifestyle Funds and Lifestyle Investing

Everything You Need to Know About Lifestyle Funds and Lifestyle Investing

Lifestyle funds are investment funds that base their asset allocation on someone’s age, risk tolerance, and investing goals. Individuals who want to build wealth over the long term in a relatively hands-off way might consider lifestyle investings.

There are different types of lifestyle funds investors may choose from, based on their appetite for risk, the level of risk needed to achieve their goals, and their investing time horizon. Lifestyle assets often also appear inside different types of retirement accounts, including employer-sponsored retirement plans and individual retirement accounts (IRAs). Whether becoming a lifestyle investor makes sense for you can depend on what you hope to achieve with your portfolio, how much risk you’re comfortable taking, and your overall time horizon for investing.

What are Lifestyle Funds?

A lifestyle fund or lifestyle investment holds a mix of investments that reflect an investor’s goals and risk tolerance. These investment funds tailor their investment mix to a specific investor’s needs and age to provide a simplified solution for reaching their goals.

Lifestyle funds may invest in both equities (i.e. stocks) and fixed-income securities, such as bonds and notes. These funds may require fewer decisions by the asset owner, since they adjust automatically through changing lifestyle needs until you reach retirement. With lifestyle assets, as with other types of funds, it’s important to consider the balance between risk and reward.

Lifestyle funds that carry a higher degree of risk may offer higher returns to investors, while those that are more conservative in terms of risk may yield lower returns.


💡 Quick Tip: How do you decide if a certain trading platform or app is right for you? Ideally, the investment platform you choose offers the features that you need for your investment goals or strategy, e.g., an easy-to-use interface, data analysis, educational tools.

How Do Lifestyle Funds Work?

Typically purchased through a retirement account or a brokerage account, lifestyle funds work by creating a diversified portfolio to meet an investor where they are, while also taking into account where they’d like to be 10, 20 or 30 years from now.

An investor can choose from an initial lifestyle fund allocation, then adjust the risk level up or down based on their preferences. A fund manager reviews the asset allocation for the fund and rebalances periodically to help an investor stay on track with their goals.

The level of risk an investor takes may correlate to the average age of retirement, which for most people is around 65. So someone who’s 25 years old now has 40 years to invest for the future, meaning they can afford to take more risk to achieve their goals. As they get older, their tolerance for risk may decrease which could mean moving away from stocks and toward fixed-income investments.

Unlike target-date funds, the level of risk in lifestyle funds doesn’t change significantly over time. So if you were to choose an aggressive lifestyle fund at 25, the asset allocation of that fund would more or less be the same at age 65. That’s important to understand for choosing the lifestyle fund that’s appropriate for your risk tolerance and goals.

Recommended: Explaining Asset Allocation by Age

Two Stages of Lifestyle Funds

Lifestyle investing can work in different stages, depending on where you are in your investing journey. Lifestyle funds accommodate these different stages by adjusting their asset allocation.

This is something the fund manager can do to ensure that you’re working toward your goals without overexposing yourself to risk along the way. The two stages of lifestyle funds are the growth stage and the retirement target date stage.

1. Growth Stage

The growth stage represents the period in which a lifestyle investor is actively saving and investing. During the growth stage, the emphasis is on diversifying investments to achieve the appropriate balance between risk and reward. This phase represents the bulk of working years for most people as they move from starting their careers to reaching their peak earnings.

In the growth stage, lifestyle funds hold an asset allocation that reflects the investor’s goals and appetite for risk. Again, whether this is more conservative, aggressive or somewhere in-between depends on the individual investor. At this time, the investor is typically concerned with funding retirement accounts, rather than withdrawing from them.

2. Retirement Target Date

The retirement target date stage marks the beginning of the countdown to retirement for an investor. During this stage, the focus shifts to preparing the investor to begin drawing an income from their portfolio, rather than making new contributions or investments.

At this point, a lifestyle investor may have to decide whether they want to maintain their existing asset allocation, shift some or all of their assets into other investments (such as an annuity), or begin drawing them down in cash. For example, an investor in their mid-50s may decide to move from an aggressive lifestyle fund to a moderate or conservative lifestyle fund, depending on their needs, anticipated retirement date, and how much risk they’re comfortable taking.

Different Types of Lifestyle Funds

Lifestyle funds aren’t all alike and there are different options investors may choose from. There are different ways lifestyle funds can be structured, including:

•   Income-focused funds. These lifestyle funds aim to produce income for investors, though capital appreciation may be a secondary goal. Fixed-income securities typically make up the bulk of lifestyle income funds, though they may still include some equity holdings.

•   Growth-focused funds. Lifestyle growth funds are the opposite of lifestyle income funds. These funds aim to provide investors with long-term capital appreciation and place less emphasis on current income.

•   Conservative asset allocation funds. Conservative lifestyle funds may have a long-term goal of achieving a set total return through both capital appreciation and current income. These funds tend to carry lower levels of risk than other lifestyle funds.

•   Moderate asset allocation funds. Moderate lifestyle funds often take a middle ground approach in terms of risk and reward. These funds may use a “fund of funds” strategy, which primarily involves investing other mutual funds.

•   Aggressive asset allocation funds. Aggressive lifestyle funds may also use a “fund of funds” approach, though with a slightly different focus. These funds take on more risk, though rewards may be greater as they seek long-term capital appreciation.

Lifestyle Investment Risks

Investing for retirement with lifestyle assets has some risks, so it’s important to make sure that the fund you choose matches your risk tolerance. Risk tolerance refers to the amount of risk an investor is comfortable taking in their portfolio. Risk capacity is the amount of risk needed to achieve investment goals.

Typically, younger investors can afford to take more risk in the early years of their investment career as they have more time to recover from market declines. But if that investor has a low risk tolerance, they may still choose to stick with more conservative investments. If their risk tolerance doesn’t match up with the amount of risk they need to take to achieve their investment goals, they could fall far short of them.

When considering lifestyle funds, it’s important to consider your risk mix and risk level. While lifestyle funds can simplify investing in that you don’t necessarily need to make day-to-day trading decisions, it’s still important to consider how your risk tolerance and risk capacity may evolve over time.

As you move from the growth stage to the retirement target date stage, for instance, you may need to make some adjustments to your lifestyle fund choices in order to keep pace with your desired goals.


💡 Quick Tip: When you’re actively investing in stocks, it’s important to ask what types of fees you might have to pay. For example, brokers may charge a flat fee for trading stocks, or require some commission for every trade. Taking the time to manage investment costs can be beneficial over the long term.

Advantages of Lifestyle Funds

In addition to their risks, lifestyle funds offer numerous advantages to investors, starting with simplicity. When you invest in a lifestyle fund, you know more or less what to expect in terms of asset allocation, based on the risk tolerance that you specify. These funds don’t require you to be an active investor in order to realize returns.

Some funds also automatically rebalance on behalf of investors, so there’s very little you need to do, other than be mindful of how the fund’s risk mix reflects your risk tolerance at any given time.

A lifestyle fund can offer broad diversification, allowing you to gain exposure to a variety of assets without having to purchase individual stocks, bonds or other securities.

Compared to other types of mutual funds or exchange-traded funds (ETFs), lifestyle funds may carry lower expense ratios. That can allow you to retain more of your investment returns over time.

Finally, lifestyle funds encourage investors to stay invested through market ups and downs. That can help you to even out losses through dollar-cost averaging.

Lifestyle Funds vs Target Date Funds

If you have a 401(k), then you’re likely familiar with target date funds as they’re commonly offered in workplace retirement plans. A target date fund, or lifecycle fund, is a mutual fund that adjusts its asset allocation automatically, based on the investor’s target retirement date. These funds are distinguishable from lifestyle funds because they typically have a year in their name.

So a Target Date 2050 fund, for example, would attract investors who plan to retire in the year 2050. Target date funds also take a diversified approach to investing, with asset allocations that include both stocks and fixed-income securities.

The difference between target date funds and lifestyle funds is that target date funds follow a specific glide path. As the investor gets closer to their target retirement date, the fund’s asset allocation adjusts to become more conservative. Lifestyle funds don’t do that; instead, the asset allocation remains the same.

Recommended: Target-date Funds vs. Index Funds: Key Differences

The Takeaway

Whether you choose to invest with lifestyle funds, target date funds, or something else, the most important thing is to get started saving for retirement. The longer your time horizon until retirement, the more time your money has to grow through the power of compounding interest.

If you feel like incorporating lifestyle funds into your investing strategy may help you reach your financial goals, be sure to take the pros and cons into consideration. It may also be helpful to consult with a financial professional for guidance.

Invest in what matters most to you with SoFi Active Invest. In a self-directed account provided by SoFi Securities, you can trade stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, options, and more — all while paying $0 commission on every trade. Other fees may apply. Whether you want to trade after-hours or manage your portfolio using real-time stock insights and analyst ratings, you can invest your way in SoFi's easy-to-use mobile app.

Opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.¹

FAQ

What is a lifestyle pension fund?

A pension fund is a type of defined benefit plan, in which employees receive retirement benefits based on their earnings and years of service. A lifestyle pension fund is a pension fund that allocates assets using a lifestyle strategy in order to meet an investor’s goals and needs.

What is a lifestyle strategy?

In investing, a lifestyle strategy is an approach that chooses investments that can help an investor to reach specific milestones or goals while keeping their age and risk tolerance in mind. With lifestyle funds, the asset allocation doesn’t change substantially over time.

What is a lifestyle profile?

A lifestyle profile is a tool that investors use to help them select the most appropriate lifestyle funds based on their age, risk tolerance goals.


About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.



Photo credit: iStock/GaudiLab

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.


¹Probability of Member receiving $1,000 is a probability of 0.026%; If you don’t make a selection in 45 days, you’ll no longer qualify for the promo. Customer must fund their account with a minimum of $50.00 to qualify. Probability percentage is subject to decrease. See full terms and conditions.

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When Will Social Security Run Out?

While it’s unlikely that Social Security will ever run out completely, it is possible, and current predictions are that Social Security will be able to pay out 100% of scheduled benefits until 2033. After that, benefits could be reduced.

Why Social Security is vulnerable to “running out” requires a bit of background into how Social Security works. It’s a good idea to have an idea as to what could happen if Social Security were to run out, too.

How Social Security Works

To get a sense of how Social Security works, it may be helpful to think of the Social Security system as a bucket of water. Current workers pay Social Security tax that’s added to the bucket, while retired workers withdraw their benefits from the resources in the bucket. Throughout Social Security’s history, there was always a surplus of funds – meaning that more people were paying into the system than were withdrawing from it.

Over time, for various reasons — including a smaller pool of younger workers and a longer-living pool of retirees — those excess resources have been slowly depleted. Given the demands on the system, it’s unclear how to keep Social Security functioning unless benefit payouts are reduced, or the government takes some kind of action to remedy the situation.

Social Security can often be described as a “pay-as-you-go” system, meaning that the contributions made by workers now (through the Social Security payroll tax) are actually used to pay the benefits of today’s retirees. Currently some 182 million workers pay into the system, which provides Social Security and Disability benefits for tens of millions people.

When today’s workers retire, the idea is that they will receive benefits based on what the next generation contributes. Any money that’s left over goes into one of two Social Security trust funds.

According to the Social Security Trustees report published in 2024, total costs of the OASI and DI Trust Funds (Old Age and Survivors Insurance, and Disability Insurance) the system began to outstrip total income in 2021, and the reserves of the OASI and DI Trust Funds started declining after that.

💡 Quick Tip: Did you know that you must choose the investments in your IRA? Once you open a new IRA and start saving, you get to decide which mutual funds, ETFs, or other investments you want — it’s totally up to you.

Understanding Social Security Tax

The amount each individual worker contributes to Social Security depends on their income. Employees who work for a traditional employer split the Social Security tax payment with their employer at 6.2% each up to $168,600 in annual salary, and self-employed workers are responsible for the entire 12.4%.

As employees contribute to the tax, they earn Social Security “credits” — with a max of four per year.

Those employees become eligible for benefits when they reach 40 credits, which equals roughly 10 working years, or they reach full retirement age. For Americans born in 1960 or later, that’s 67 years old.

At What Age Are You Eligible for Social Security?

Getting the most out of Social Security benefits becomes a numbers game as workers get close to retirement age, because workers are technically eligible at age 62. But for each month previous to full retirement age that someone starts drawing benefits, they’re reduced by one-half of one percent.

The benefits stop increasing at age 70, which is generally when workers would be able to get the biggest return on their contributions into the system. But individual decisions should be made on a number of factors, including employment outlook and health.

Recommended: When Can I Retire?

Social Security Trust Funds

After all the contributions have been paid in and benefits paid out, any remaining funds are divided up between two trust funds, divided up between the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) Trust Fund and the Disability Insurance (DI) Trust Fund, where they earn interest in government-guaranteed Treasury bonds.

The larger of the two funds, the OASI, pays benefits to retired workers, their surviving spouses and eligible children, and covers administrative and other expenses. It’s the largest fund that takes care of retirees who don’t face special circumstances, and deposits are made daily. It’s been around since 1940.

The smaller DI Trust Fund handles monthly benefit payments to disabled workers and their spouses and children until they’re eligible for full benefits through the OASI.

Even though both funds are a part of the overall federal budget, they’re handled separately and the SSA isn’t allowed to pay out more than what’s in the trust fund.

The Risk of Social Security Running Out

Media headlines in recent years have highlighted concerns over a potential Social Security funding shortfall. But it’s important to separate fact from fiction when understanding how Social Security works.

Myth 1: There Won’t be any Money to Pay Benefits

As mentioned, the odds of Social Security running out of money completely are low. Remember, Social Security is pay as you go with today’s workers paying in funds that are used to provide retirement benefits for today’s retirees.

When you retire, your benefits would be paid by those still working. So unless the system itself is abolished, Social Security benefits would continue to exist and be funded by workers.

Reality: Social Security Surplus Funds May be Exhausted

While workers pay into Social Security, the program also has a surplus of trust funds that it can use to pay benefits, as described earlier. The program has begun using those funds to pay some benefits as of 2021, with payroll taxes continuing to pay the majority of benefits to retirees.

While Social Security itself is unlikely to end, the trust funds may eventually be spent down to $0, which presents the possibility of a reduction in future benefits.

Myth 2: People Who Aren’t Eligible for Social Security can Receive It

Another concern about the possibility of Social Security running out stems from the mistaken belief that undocumented individuals can illegally claim Social Security benefits.

The idea is that some people might unfairly claim benefits they’re not entitled to, putting a burden on the system and reducing benefits for eligible workers.

Reality: Documentation is Required to Obtain Benefits

A Social Security number or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number is required for the Social Security Administration to create a benefits record for a citizen or non-citizen who’s authorized to work in the U.S. Someone who has either could legally obtain benefits through Social Security since they’ve technically paid into the system.

Myth 3: The Current System Can’t Support an Aging Population

As life expectancies increase and the birth rate declines, it’s natural to assume that living longer may affect Social Security’s ability to continue paying out benefits. Someone who’s 25 now, for example, may be wondering what year will Social Security run out, and how will it time up with my retirement?

Reality: Social Security Can Adapt

While there’s little the government can do to change the demographic makeup of the population, lawmakers can be proactive in proposing changes to Social Security. That includes measures that can help to preserve benefits for as many workers as possible while minimizing the odds of running out of funding.

Problems With Social Security

Because benefit payouts are tied to the SSA’s reserve balance, it begs a question for many working Americans — what happens when that balance hits zero? The SSA itself acknowledges that benefits will likely only be available in full until 2033.

Reasons for the depletion of fund reserves are attributed to a number of challenges, including a rise in program costs. Cost-of-living adjustments, or COLA, have been steadily increasing. Life expectancy for Americans has grown longer, while the number of workers hasn’t kept pace with the number of retirees.

How to Avoid Social Security Running Out

Lawmakers, financial experts, and retirement advocates are starting to float ideas for how to save the program. To date, the two ideas that have been floated include raising the Social Security tax or reducing the benefit — two options that are likely to be unpopular with both workers and retirees.

In effect, it would mean that workers either pay more in, or get less out – or some combination of the two.

Another proposed fix that was proposed in 2023, called the Social Security 2100 Act, would make a number of changes to the current system, such as changing the formula for COLA to use a Consumer Price Index for the Elderly (versus its current price index for wage earners).

It would also involve setting the new minimum benefit at 25% above the poverty line. Advocates say the result would be like getting a 2% raise of the average benefit.

But given that any big changes to the system are likely to be politically unpopular and difficult to pass into law, there are few practical, concrete options on the table as of 2024.

History of Early Social Security

The need to secure a financial future for ourselves and our loved ones isn’t new — or uniquely American. Across the pond, the English passed a series of “Poor Laws” around 1600 intended to ensure that the state provided for the welfare of its poorest citizens.

Americans were quick to embrace the idea that the country should take care of its people, but at first it wasn’t society at large. In 1862, for example, a post Civil War-era program offered pensions to disabled Civil War soldiers, and widows and children of the deceased.

Around the late 1800s, some private companies were starting to offer pension plans too. The first company to offer a real pension plan was the Alfred Dolge Company, which made pianos and organs. They took 1% of an employee’s salary and put it into a pension plan, and then added 6% interest per year.

In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed into law the Social Security Act. The government then started collecting Social Security taxes two years later. Then on January 31, 1940, the first monthly retirement check of $22.54 was issued to Ida May Fuller in Ludlow, Vermont.

This Isn’t the First Social Security Shortfall

The mass retirement of the Baby Boomer generation and parallel decline in birth rate is taking the blame for Social Security’s current problems. But this isn’t the first time the fund has been in trouble.

When the program first began phasing in, for example, workers were contributing but no one was retiring yet, so the fund grew a nice little surplus. Congress, seeing those nice big numbers, were generous with increasing benefits every time they had the chance.

When the 1970s rolled around, however, and those workers reached retirement age, that upward momentum came to a screeching halt. On top of that, a flaw in the program’s COLA formula caused benefits to double-index, or increase at twice the rate of inflation rather than matching it.

It became such a mess that task forces were created, the error got its own name “The Notch Issue,” and instead of making changes to Social Security during even years, because increases and expansions were good for election campaigns, Congress made changes on odd-numbered years.

Social Security Amendments of 1983

Amendments in 1983 addressed the financing problems to the Social Security system. These changes were the last major ones to the program and were based on recommendations from a commission chaired by Alan Greenspan.

The Greenspan Commission adjusted benefits and taxes. The resulting reforms have generated surpluses and the buildup of a trust fund. However, many experts project that the retirement of the baby boomers, along with other demographic factors, will exhaust the trust.

What Can I Do About Social Security?

The SSA allows contributors to keep track of their Social Security accounts online, work with retirement and benefits estimation tools, and even apply for retirement benefits online.

Perhaps the two most important tools in the journey toward retirement are education and planning — knowing where you are, where you want to be, and what you need. Understanding the ins and outs of the ideal retirement age, whether that’s through Social Security or private retirement savings plans, and how to avoid penalties can help form a solid plan.

Aside from government benefits, one of the easiest steps for traditionally employed workers is to take full advantage of their employer’s 401(k) matching plans. These are programs in which the employer can match what you contribute to the 401(k).

If your employer doesn’t offer a 401(k) or matching plan, consider setting up an IRA or Roth IRA. Regular IRAs are tax-deductible like 401(k)s, meaning you’re not taxed until your withdrawal in retirement. Meanwhile, contributions to Roth IRAs are not tax-deductible, but you can withdraw money tax-free in retirement.

The Takeaway

Without fixes, the cash reserves of the SSA will become depleted and workers who reach full retirement age after 2033 will likely receive a reduced benefit amount. But again, that assumes that the government does not step in to make any changes – and as of 2024, there are no popular, concrete ideas for doing so, though many proposals are floating around.

It can be a scary proposition for some, but knowing that the deadline is approaching is a huge advantage for members of the workforce who have time to take measures to counter the expected shortfall by saving more and adjusting their financial plans.

Prepare for your retirement with an individual retirement account (IRA). It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. Whether you prefer a hands-on self-directed IRA through SoFi Securities or an automated robo IRA with SoFi Wealth, you can build a portfolio to help support your long-term goals while gaining access to tax-advantaged savings strategies.

Help grow your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.


About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.



INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.


¹Probability of Member receiving $1,000 is a probability of 0.026%; If you don’t make a selection in 45 days, you’ll no longer qualify for the promo. Customer must fund their account with a minimum of $50.00 to qualify. Probability percentage is subject to decrease. See full terms and conditions.

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Inherited IRA: Distribution Rules for Beneficiaries

Inherited IRA Distribution Rules Explained

The distribution rules for inheriting an IRA are complicated, and the SECURE Act of 2019 introduced some significant changes. Consequently, the inherited IRA rules are different for certain beneficiaries if the account holder died in 2020 or later, compared to the rules before that time.

An inherited IRA is governed by IRS rules about how and when the money can be distributed, and whether the beneficiary is an eligible designated beneficiary or a designated beneficiary.

Other factors that influence inherited IRA distributions include the age of the original account holder when they died and whether the account holder had started taking required minimum distributions (RMDs) before their death. The SECURE 2.0 Act added some new changes to this factor.

Read on to learn about inherited IRA distribution rules, the recent changes, and how they might affect you.

Key Points

•   The SECURE Act and SECURE 2.0 made some significant changes to inherited IRAs.

•   Spouse beneficiaries have the option to take a lump-sum, roll over the IRA into their own account, open an inherited IRA, or disclaim the IRA.

•   Many non-spouse beneficiaries must withdraw all funds from an inherited IRA within 10 years.

•   Exceptions to the 10-year rule apply to spouses, minor children, disabled individuals, and those within 10 years of the original account holder’s age, who are all considered eligible designated beneficiaries.

•   Strategies to manage RMDs and minimize taxes include spreading out withdrawals rather than taking a lump sum, following the latest inherited IRA rules, and possibly consulting a tax professional.

What Is an Inherited IRA?

When an IRA owner passes away, the funds in their account are bequeathed to their beneficiary (or beneficiaries), who then have several options to choose from when considering what to do with the funds. The original account could be any type of IRA, such as a Roth IRA, traditional IRA, SEP IRA, or SIMPLE IRA.

If you inherit an IRA, the following conditions determine what you can do with the funds:

•   Your relationship to the deceased account holder (e.g., are you a spouse or non-spouse)

•   The original account holder’s age when they died

•   Whether they had started taking their required minimum distributions (RMDs) before they died

•   The type of IRA involved

Basic Rules About Withdrawals

There are a number of options available for taking inherited IRA distributions, depending on your relationship to the deceased. At minimum, most beneficiaries can either take the inherited funds as a lump sum, or they can follow the 10-year rule, which is one of the changes to the inherited IRA distribution rules that went into effect with the SECURE Act of 2019. (The previous rules allowed beneficiaries of inherited IRAs to stretch out withdrawals over their lifetime. Those rules are still in place if the original IRA account owner died before January 1, 2020.)

The 10-year rule regarding inherited IRAs means that the account must be emptied by the 10th year following the year of death of the original account holder.

The tax rules governing the type of IRA — Roth vs. traditional IRA — apply to the inherited IRA as well. So withdrawals from an inherited traditional IRA are taxed as income. Withdrawals from an inherited Roth IRA are generally tax-free (see more details about this below).

Exceptions for Eligible Designated Beneficiaries

Withdrawal rules for inherited IRAs are different for beneficiaries called “eligible designated beneficiaries” that they are for designated beneficiaries.

According to the IRS, an eligible designated beneficiary refers to:

•   The spouse of the original account holder.

•   A minor child under age 18.

•   An individual who meets the IRS criteria for being disabled or chronically ill.

•   A person who is no more than 10 years younger than the IRA owner.

If you qualify as an eligible designated beneficiary, and you are a non-spouse, here are the options that pertain to your situation:

•   If you’re a minor child, you can extend withdrawals from the IRA until you turn 18.

•   If you’re disabled or chronically ill, or not more than 10 years younger than the deceased, you can extend withdrawals throughout your lifetime.

What Are the RMD Rules for Inherited IRAs?

Assuming the original account holder had not started taking RMDs, and you are the surviving spouse and sole beneficiary of the IRA, you have a few options:

•   If you roll over the funds to your own IRA. With this option, you have to do an apples-to-apples rollover IRA (tax deferred IRA to tax deferred IRA, Roth to Roth.) Once rolled over, inherited funds become subject to regular IRA rules, based on your age. That means you have to wait to take distributions until you’re 59 ½ or potentially face a 10% penalty in the case of a tax-deferred account rollover.

   RMDs from your own IRA are subject to your life expectancy (you can use the IRS Life Expectancy Table to determine what yours is) and generally begin once you reach age 73.

•   If you move the funds to an inherited IRA. You can also set up an inherited IRA in order to receive the funds you’ve inherited. Again the accounts must match — so funds from a regular Roth IRA must be moved to an inherited Roth IRA.

   Inherited IRAs follow slightly different rules. For example, you must take RMDs every year, but these can be based on your own life expectancy. Distributions from a tax-deferred account are taxable, but the 10% penalty for early withdrawals before age 59 ½ doesn’t apply.

   If the original account holder had started taking RMDs, the spouse has to take RMDs in the year in which they died. After that, the spouse switches to taking their own RMDs from there on out every year.

   Some people prefer to open their inherited IRA account with the same firm that initially held the money for the deceased. However, you can open an IRA with almost any bank or brokerage.

RMD Rules for Non-Spouses

If you are a non-spouse beneficiary, first determine whether you meet the criteria for an eligible designated beneficiary or a designated beneficiary.

•   Eligible designated beneficiaries: As mentioned above, eligible designated beneficiaries include: chronically ill or disabled non-spouse beneficiaries; non-spouse beneficiaries not more than 10 years younger than the original deceased account holder; or a minor child of the account owner.

   Most eligible designated beneficiaries can stretch withdrawals from the inherited IRA over their lifetime. However, once a minor child beneficiary reaches 18, they have 10 years to empty the account.

•   Designated beneficiaries: These individuals must follow the 10-year rule and deplete the account by the 10th year following the year of death of the account holder. After that 10-year period, the IRS will impose a 25% penalty tax on any funds remaining.

   In addition, because of changes introduced by SECURE 2.0 Act, if the original account holder had begun RMDs, beneficiaries must continue to take RMDs yearly, based on their own life expectancy, while emptying the account within 10 years. However, if the account holder had not started taking RMDs, beneficiaries don’t need to make annual withdrawals, but they still must take all of the money out of the account within 10 years.

Multiple Beneficiaries

If there is more than one beneficiary of an inherited IRA, the IRA can be split into different accounts so that there is one for each person.

Then, generally speaking, you must each start taking RMDs based on the type of beneficiary you are, as outlined above, and all assets must be withdrawn from each account within 10 years (aside from the exceptions noted above).

Recommended: Retirement Planning Guide

Inherited IRA Examples

These are some of the different instances of inherited IRAs and how they can be handled.

Spouse inherits and becomes the owner of the IRA: When the surviving spouse is the sole beneficiary of the IRA, they can opt to become the owner of it by rolling over the funds into their own IRA. The rollover must be done within 60 days.

This could be a good option if the original account holder had already started taking RMDs, because it delays the RMDs until the surviving spouse turns 73.

Non-spouse designated beneficiaries: An adult child or friend of the original IRA owner can open an inherited IRA account and transfer the inherited funds into it.

If the original account holder had begun RMDs, the beneficiary must take RMDs yearly, based on their own life expectancy, while emptying the account within 10 years. However, if the account holder had not started taking RMDs, the beneficiary does not need to make annual withdrawals, but they still must take all of the money out of the account within 10 years.

Both a spouse and a non-spouse inherit the IRA: In this instance of multiple beneficiaries, the original account can be split into two new accounts. That way, each person can proceed by following the RMD and distribution rules for their specific situation.

How Do I Avoid Taxes on an Inherited IRA?

Money from IRAs is generally taxed upon withdrawal, so your ordinary tax rate would apply to any tax-deferred IRA that was inherited, such as a traditional IRA, SEP IRA, or SIMPLE IRA.

However, if you have inherited the deceased’s Roth IRA, which allows for tax-free distributions, you should be able to make tax-free withdrawals of contributions and earnings, as long as the original account was set up at least five years ago (this is known as the five-year rule). As with an ordinary Roth account, you can withdraw contributions tax free at any time.

Common Mistakes to Avoid with Inherited IRAs

Because the rules for inherited IRAs are complex, it can be easy to make a mistake. Here are some common missteps to avoid.

Taking a lump-sum distribution. If you withdraw the entire amount of the IRA at once, you may be pushed into a higher tax bracket and get hit by a significant tax bill. Spreading out the distributions could help you stay in lower tax brackets.

Mixing up the inherited IRA rules before 2020 and after 2020. The rules are complicated and confusing. You need to know what kind of beneficiary you are, what your options are for receiving the inherited IRA, and when you need to start and finish taking distributions. Otherwise, you could face a penalty — or not be taking advantage of certain options you may have. IRS Publication 590-B spells out the rules. You might also want to consult with a trusted tax professional.

Neglecting to take RMDs. The rules regarding RMDs are different depending on the type of beneficiary you are, when the account holder passed away, and if that person had started taking RMDs. Make sure to follow the rules specific to your situation. Consider consulting a financial professional if you’re not sure.

Recent Changes and Updates to Inherited IRA Rules

As noted, the SECURE Act of 2019 introduced some changes that affect how inherited IRAs are handled. Designated non-spouse beneficiaries who inherited an IRA from an account holder who died in 2020 or later must empty the entire account within 10 years after the original owner’s death.

Furthermore, the SECURE 2.0 Act added some additional changes to the 10-year rule. If the original account holder had begun RMDs, beneficiaries must continue to take RMDs yearly, based on their own life expectancy, while emptying the account within 10 years. However, if the account holder had not started taking RMDs, beneficiaries don’t need to make annual withdrawals, but they still must take all of the money out of the account within 10 years.

Eligible designated beneficiaries, a category of beneficiary created by the SECURE Act of 2019, are generally not subject to these changes.

The Takeaway

Once you inherit an IRA, it’s wise to familiarize yourself with the inherited IRA rules and requirements that apply to your situation. No matter what your circumstances, inheriting an IRA account has the potential to put you in a better financial position for your own retirement.

Prepare for your retirement with an individual retirement account (IRA). It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. Whether you prefer a hands-on self-directed IRA through SoFi Securities or an automated robo IRA with SoFi Wealth, you can build a portfolio to help support your long-term goals while gaining access to tax-advantaged savings strategies.

Easily manage your retirement savings with SoFi.

FAQ

Are RMDs required for inherited IRAs?

In many cases, RMDs are required for inherited IRAs. The specific rules depend on the type of beneficiary a person is, whether the account holder died before or after 2020, and if they started taking RMDs before their death.

Spouse beneficiaries can generally take RMDs based on their own life expectancy and stretch the withdrawals over their lifetime. Designated non-spouse beneficiaries of an account owned by someone who passed away in 2020 or later may or may not need to take annual RMDs, depending on whether the original account holder had started taking them. But either way, they have to completely empty the account with 10 years.

What are the disadvantages of an inherited IRA?

The disadvantages of an inherited IRA include: knowing how to navigate and follow the complex rules regarding distributions and RMDs, and understanding the tax implications and potential penalties for your specific situation.

How do you calculate your required minimum distribution?

To help calculate your required minimum distribution, you can consult IRS Publication 590-B. There you can find information and tables to help you determine what your specific RMD would be.

How should multiple beneficiaries handle an inherited IRA?

If an inherited IRA has multiple beneficiaries, one way to handle it is to split it into different accounts — one for each beneficiary. Then the individual beneficiaries can each decide what to do with the funds.

One thing to keep in mind, though, is that if the account holder died in 2020 or thereafter, all assets must be withdrawn from the accounts of non-spouse designated beneficiaries within 10 years.

What are the options for a spouse inheriting an IRA?

A spouse inheriting an IRA has several options, including taking a lump-sum distribution, rolling the funds over to their own IRA account, opening an inherited IRA, and disclaiming or rejecting the inherited IRA, in which case the next beneficiary would get it.

Spouse beneficiaries will likely want to consider the possible tax implications of each option and how RMDs will need to be handled if they roll the funds over into their own account or open an inherited IRA. It may be wise for them to consult a financial professional.

Can a trust be a beneficiary of an IRA?

Yes, a trust can be a beneficiary of an IRA. In this case, the trust inherits the IRA and the IRA is maintained as an asset of the trust and managed by a trustee. A trustee is required to follow the wishes of the deceased, which might be an option for an account holder with young children or dependents with special needs.

However, there are disadvantages to having a trust as the beneficiary of an IRA. For example, if the original account holder had not begun taking RMDs before their death or the account is a Roth IRA, trust beneficiaries must typically fully distribute all assets within five years of the account owner’s death.


About the author

Ashley Kilroy

Ashley Kilroy

Ashley Kilroy is a seasoned personal finance writer with 15 years of experience simplifying complex concepts for individuals seeking financial security. Her expertise has shined through in well-known publications like Rolling Stone, Forbes, SmartAsset, and Money Talks News. Read full bio.


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INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

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