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College students often use a combination of funding including grants, scholarships, student loans, and savings to pay for their college education. Scholarships and grants are helpful because they typically don’t have to be repaid. In many cases, though, students rely on borrowed funds to help pay for some college costs.

Student borrowers have two major options available to them — private and federal student loans. While both types can be used by students to help pay for college, there are big differences in how a student will apply for them.

Continue reading for more details on the differences between private and federal student loans and their application process.

Federal Student Loans vs Private Student Loans

Federal student loans are provided by the federal government. Private student loans are issued by institutions such as banks, some schools, and other private lenders. In order to make an educated borrowing decision, it’s important to understand the major differences between federal vs private student loans. These differences include:

Repayment Terms

Federal student loans have a standardized set of repayment options. Borrowers can choose any of the federal plans and can adjust their repayment plan at any time without incurring any costs by contacting their loan servicer.

These repayments include income-driven repayment options, which aim to make repaying student loans more affordable by linking monthly payments to your income.

The repayment terms on private student loans are set by the lender at the time the loan is borrowed. Some lenders may offer flexible repayment terms, but they are not required to do so. Thoroughly review the loan terms before borrowing.

Interest Rates

All federal student loans have fixed interest rates, which are determined annually by Congress.

Private student loans may have either fixed or variable interest rates. With variable rates, the starting rate depends on factors such as your credit score, income, and employment history, and it can change as the economy fluctuates. Lenders determine the interest rate on a loan based on reviewing borrower information such as income, credit history, and score, among other factors.

In-School Deferment Options

Your choice between federal and private student loans may also determine when you start paying back your loans.

If you have a federal student loan, you generally aren’t required to start making payments until you graduate, leave college altogether, or reduce your course load below half-time. Many federal loans offer a six-month grace period after you leave school or cut back to below half-time, meaning you don’t have to make student loan payments during this time.

Certain private lenders allow you to wait to make payments on your private student loans just as you would with federal loans, but others require you to start paying them while you’re still in school full-time. This varies depending on the lender, so it’s important to check the specifics before taking out a loan.

Recommended: Using In-School Deferment as a Student

Which Type of Student Loan Should You Apply for First?

Federal student loans tend to be more flexible in regards to repayment options and loan forgiveness, and sometimes offer lower interest rates than private student loans. Because private loans are awarded based on borrower criteria, including credit history, undergraduate students with limited credit history may need to add a cosigner to strengthen their chances of being approved for a private student loan.

Generally speaking, federal loans are prioritized over private student loans. But, in situations where borrowers have exhausted their federal borrowing options, private student loans can help fill financing gaps.

Application Process of Federal and Private Student Loans

Navigating the application process for student loans is an important step in financing your college education. Whether you’re considering federal or private student loans, understanding how each process works can help you make informed decisions and avoid unnecessary delays.

But first, we’re looking at student loan deadlines for both federal and private loans.

How Does the Application Process Differ Between Federal and Private Student Loans?

We’ll dive into an overview of how to apply for student loans, broken down by federal and private loans. But you should know that there are two main differences in the processes: where to apply and when to apply.

Federal Student Loan Deadlines

For federal student loans, you’ll fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, better known as the FAFSA®. You will need to fill out the FAFSA each year you are in school.

When it comes to timing, there are important FAFSA deadlines set by the state and sometimes your individual college. Some states offer aid on a first-come, first-served basis, so procrastinating may not be in your best interest. Jumping on the FAFSA early could make a difference in how much aid you receive.

Private Student Loan Deadlines

To apply for a private student loan, you’ll fill out an application directly with an individual lender. While private student loans are known for being more stringent with their terms and requirements, they can actually be more flexible when it comes to application timing. There’s no universal private student loan deadline. That’s one reason you may prefer to apply for federal student loans before private ones — to see how much federal financial aid you receive first, then, if needed, you can fill in the gaps with private loans.

Recommended: When to Apply for Student Loans: Student Loan Deadlines

Applying for Federal Student Loans

To apply for federal student loans, the first step is to fill out the FAFSA.

Filling out the FAFSA

You can fill out the FAFSA online at the Student Aid website. You can list up to 10 colleges on your FAFSA form. If you want to list more than 10, you just have to follow a couple of extra steps.

The FAFSA form will ask for personal and financial information about the student and their parents (if the student is a dependent). These questions cover your age, marital status, level of degree you’re acquiring, military status, and your own dependents.

You’ll provide the necessary financial information. This includes your federal income tax returns and tax documents (and/or your parents’ returns and documents, if you’re considered a dependent). The website includes an IRS Data Retrieval Tool, and once you enter the relevant information, it should be able to pull up you and/or your parent’s tax return(s).

Just a heads up — you won’t submit the most recent tax return. For example, if you’re applying for aid for the 2024-25 school year, you’ll attach your 2022 tax returns.

Last but not least, you and/or your parents will provide bank statements. These statements should be current at the time you fill out the application, not from the year of the tax documents you submitted.

Recommended: SoFi’s FAFSA Guide

Completing FAFSA Follow-up Steps

After receiving your Student Aid Report, you may want to double-check with the schools you listed on the FAFSA® to make sure they received your information and to ask if they need you to fill out any more documents. Some schools require different documents, so it may be beneficial to contact each one.

Once a school has processed your information, you’ll receive an award letter from the institution that officially reports how much aid you’ll be receiving. Colleges differ in how long they wait to send out award letters, so if you’re feeling antsy, you can call to inquire about their reward deadline.

Now for a huge follow-up step: applying for private student loans if scholarships, grants, and federal loans don’t cover everything.

Types of Federal Student Loans

There are four types of federal student loans: Direct Subsidized Loans, Direct Unsubsidized Loans, Direct PLUS Loans for graduate and professional students, and Direct PLUS Loans for parents.

Direct Subsidized vs Unsubsidized Loans

Direct Subsidized Loans are available for undergraduate students. These loans are for students in financial need, and you don’t have to pay the interest until six months after you’ve graduated, left school, or dropped below half-time enrollment. These six months are referred to as the “grace period.” Interest will still accrue while you’re in school, but the government covers interest while you’re enrolled and during the grace period.

Direct Unsubsidized Loans for graduate and undergraduate students, but they aren’t disbursed based on your financial situation. The government doesn’t cover the cost of interest while you’re in school, so interest will accumulate throughout your time in college.

Direct PLUS Loans

The third type of federal student loan is a Direct PLUS Loan for graduate or professional students. The student takes out the loan, which is unsubsidized.

The fourth type is the Direct PLUS Loan for parents. This loan is for the parents of undergraduate students, so the parents would apply for and are held responsible for paying back the loan. Parent PLUS Loans are also unsubsidized.

Direct PLUS Loans require a credit check, unlike Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized Loans.

Applying for Private Student Loans

As mentioned above, you can typically apply for private student loans directly on the lenders’ websites. If you’re having trouble deciding where to apply for private loans, but have already narrowed down your top schools, you can contact those institutions. Some colleges have “preferred lender” lists.

However, you aren’t necessarily bound by those lender lists. You may still want to research private student loans to find the right interest rates, interest rate types (fixed or variable), payment schedules, and included fees for your specific needs. Remember, private student loans tend to vary in their terms, so a little research can’t hurt.

Lender Requirements

Make sure you meet the requirements to receive a private student loan. For example, will you be enrolled in school at least half-time?

You should also make sure you’re attending a school that’s eligible for private student loans. If you’re attending a community college or trade school, you may or may not be able to receive a private loan.

Keep in mind that private student loan lenders tend to check things like your credit, income, and job history when you apply. This step will affect everyone differently, but if you’re fresh out of high school, this step could throw you for a loop. What if you’ve never had a job? What if you didn’t even know credit scores were a thing before this moment?

Considering a Cosigner

One thing that may help in this predicament is finding a student loan cosigner. Your options for a cosigner are fairly flexible, but many borrowers choose someone they trust, such as a parent, close relative, or trusted friend.

A cosigner agrees to take equal responsibility for the loan. If the student borrower cannot make payments, the cosigner is legally obligated to repay the debt, which can help the student qualify for better loan terms.

Still, it may be possible to get a private loan without a cosigner if you have low credit and/or income. Just be prepared to possibly pay more in interest!

Other Ways to Finance Your Education

While federal and private student loans are tools for receiving money to pay for college, there are other options. These include scholarships, grants, and Federal Work-Study.

Scholarships and Grants

Scholarships are gift aid, which means they don’t usually need to be repaid, and are typically merit-based. You can search for scholarships based on skill, such as academic, athletic, or music scholarships.

There are also scholarships available for people of certain demographics, such as ones for minorities or for women. You could even find scholarships for people of a certain religion/denomination or for those who’ve engaged in community service.

Grants are gift aid awarded based on your financial need. Some grants are provided by the government (state or federal), while others may be offered by your school or a private company.

Recommended: SoFi’s Scholarships Search Tool

Work-Study Program

The Federal Work-Study Program awards students with financial need the option to work part-time jobs to help pay for college. If you are interested in participating in the work-study program, you can indicate your interest when you fill out the FAFSA.

If you do not qualify for work-study, you may consider getting a part-time job.

The Takeaway

To apply for a federal student loan and other forms of federal financial aid, students will fill out the FAFSA annually. Students interested in private student loans will fill out applications directly with private lenders.

Other ways to pay for college include cash savings, scholarships, grants, and Federal Work-Study.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

What is the first step in applying for federal student loans?

The initial step is completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), which determines eligibility for federal student loans and other financial aid.

How does the application process differ between federal and private student loans?

Federal student loans require completing the FAFSA annually, with specific deadlines set by the federal government, states, and individual colleges. Private student loans are applied for directly through individual lenders and typically have more flexible application timelines.

When should I apply for private student loans?

While private student loans don’t have strict deadlines, it’s advisable to apply after determining your federal aid eligibility and once you’ve decided on a school. Applying early ensures funds are available when tuition payments are due.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOISL-Q225-040

Paying for medical school can be a significant financial challenge, with tuition, fees, and living expenses adding up quickly. Fortunately, there are several options available to help future doctors finance their education.

Keep reading for more insight into how to pay for medical school.

What Is Medical School?

Medical school is typically a four-year educational program that leads to graduating students receiving an M.D., D.O., or N.D. degree. After medical school, graduates will generally continue onto a medical residency in the specialty of their choice.

Different Types of Medical School

There are three main types of medical school: allopathic, osteopathic, and naturopathic. All of these programs prepare students for careers as doctors, but they have different academic credentials. Let’s take a closer look at each of these programs.

Allopathic Medical School

Allopathic medicine is also known as conventional or traditional medicine. Allopathic medical schools provide students with a traditional curriculum and approach to medicine. Allopathic doctors rely on traditional methods such as x-rays, prescription medications, and surgery to treat and diagnose an illness or medical issue. If a student graduates from an allopathic program, they’ll receive a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree.

Osteopathic Medical School

Osteopathic schools also cover standard medical sciences and practices but supplement those lessons with training on providing touch-based diagnosis and treatment of different health problems. Osteopathic doctors often take a more holistic approach to patient wellness and treatment. Students who attend an osteopathic medical school will end up with a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degree.

Naturopathic Medicine School

Naturopathic medicine school is a graduate-level program that trains students to become naturopathic doctors (NDs). These schools focus on natural and holistic approaches to health and healing, combining traditional medical sciences with therapies such as herbal medicine, nutrition, acupuncture, homeopathy, and lifestyle counseling. The curriculum typically includes both classroom instruction and clinical training, and it usually takes four years to complete after earning a bachelor’s degree.

Recommended: Average Cost of Medical School

Financing Medical School

The cost of medical school is on the rise and finding a way to finance medical school can be a daunting task. There are quite a few options for medical students to get help doing so. From taking out student loans for medical school to gift aid, students have options.

Scholarships & Grants

Scholarships and grants are considered a form of gift aid because they typically do not need to be repaid. Students can apply for need-based grants and merit scholarships through their medical school or outside sources. Their school’s financial aid office can walk them through their options.

Medical associations and nonprofit organizations also tend to have financial aid, grants, and scholarships that medical students can apply for. Again, a school’s financial aid office can help point medical students in the right direction, but they won’t know of every gift aid opportunity available outside of their school, so students may want to do their own research.

The following associations generally offer scholarships and grants for medical students.

•   American Medical Association. This professional group provides financial support through scholarship opportunities, as well as general support for medical students looking to learn more about how to pay for medical school and to prepare for residency.

•   American Medical Women’s Association. Medical students can peruse this association’s list of more than a dozen different scholarships, awards, and grants that they may be eligible to apply to.

•   American Podiatric Medical Association. Every year, the American Podiatric Medical Association gives out more than $200,000 worth of grants and scholarships.

Federal Student Loans

Medical students can apply for federal financial aid, including federal student loans, by completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®). Medical students may qualify for three types of federal loans after they complete the FAFSA. The FAFSA may also qualify students for financial aid such as scholarships and grants from their state or school (if available).

•   Federal Direct Unsubsidized Loans. Also known as Stafford Loans, Federal Direct Unsubsidized Loans allow students to borrow money unsubsidized. When a loan is unsubsidized, this means that the borrower is responsible for paying all of the interest on the loan.

•   Federal Direct Graduate PLUS Loans. If a student still needs help financing medical school after taking out a Federal Direct Unsubsidized Loan, they can take out a Federal Direct Graduate PLUS Loan, which is also unsubsidized. These loans tend to have a higher interest rate than Federal Direct Unsubsidized Loans do and are credit-based.

•   Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Primary Care Loan. Medical students with financial need, and who can demonstrate it, may qualify for this school-based program that offers a few different types of loans for medical students. Not all medical schools participate in this program, but students can check with their school’s financial aid office to see if their school does take part in it.

Recommended: Types of Federal Student Loans

Private Student Loans

After applying for federal student loans, students may be interested in supplementing their federal support with private medical school loans. Generally, private student loans for medical school are available through banks or credit unions. How much a student will pay in interest for a private student loan will depend on what their credit history is, amongst other factors. There are private student loans available at fixed and variable interest rates.

While private student loans can be a helpful option for borrowers, they don’t always offer the same borrower protections as federal student loans — such as income-driven repayment plans or the opportunity to pursue Public Service Loan Forgiveness. Because of this, students generally resort to private student loans only after depleting all other financing resources.

Recommended: Private Students Loans vs Federal Student Loans 

The Takeaway

Between scholarships, grants, and medical school student loans, medical students have some decent options at their disposal for financing medical school. While there’s no denying that medical school can be a stressful time in a person’s life, hopefully all of the hard work and sacrifices will lead to a fulfilling and rewarding career.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

What is the best way to pay for medical school?

If a student can secure scholarships and grants, that’s the best way to pay for medical school. Unlike student loans which must be paid back, gift aid is free money that medical students won’t have to pay back after graduation.

How do you get medical school paid for?

Medical students can apply for scholarships and grants to help cover the cost of medical school. After applying gift aid, students can take out federal or private student loans to cover the remaining costs of attending medical school. Paying in cash is also an option, but one that is understandably not within reach for many people.

Is it hard to get loans for medical school?

There are both federal and private student loans available to medical students, so they generally have plenty of options that make it possible to get a loan for medical school.

About the author

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a freelance writer who specializes in financial topics. Her first job out of college was in the financial industry, and it was there she gained a passion for helping others understand tricky financial topics. Read full bio.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOISL-Q225-039

For the 2024-25 school year, the average cost of tuition and fees for a four-year private college was $43,350, $30,780 for a public four-year college (out-of-state), and $11,610 for a public four-year college (in-state), according to the College Board.

Add in other living expenses and it’s no surprise that students and their families often rely on a combination of funding sources to pay for their education. Students may turn to savings, scholarships, grants, and student loans to find enough money to pay for college.

11 Ways to Pay for College and Other Expenses

Paying for college, plus living expenses, often requires a hodgepodge of funding sources. As mentioned, students rely on things like scholarships, grants, and student loans.

Students attending trade school or community college may also be able to use these sources of funding to pay for their education. Continue reading for details on different ways to pay for college.

1. Fill Out FAFSA and See What Aid You Qualify For

The Free Application for Federal Student Aid, better known as FAFSA®, is the application students will fill out if they are interested in securing any form of federal financial aid. This includes federal scholarships, grants, work-study, and loans. Many schools will also use information provided on the FAFSA to determine school-specific scholarships or grants.

Completing the FAFSA is free — it requires a bit of time, but that’s worth it if you qualify for much-needed funding to pay for schools.

Be sure to compare financial aid packages from each college to understand the net cost at each. Some colleges may have more expensive sticker prices, but offer more aid.

2. Applying for Scholarships

Many colleges and private organizations offer merit-based scholarships. This means money is awarded based on academic or athletic ability, not financial need. There are plenty of databases and scholarship search tools that can help students find scholarships.

Scholarships often have specific requirements, so read the criteria carefully. For instance, you might need to live in a certain state or major in a particular subject to qualify. If you’re unsure whether you qualify, contact the scholarship sponsor.

It may also benefit you to start researching scholarships early. Gather required documents and information to apply so that you are ready to meet any early deadlines. Many scholarships require you to submit a high school transcript, your standardized test scores, a financial aid form, and information about your family’s finances, including your parent’s tax returns from the previous year.

Many scholarships also require you to write an essay and provide at least one letter of recommendation. Be sure to follow all the directions carefully and to keep copies of your application.

Recommended: What Is a Scholarship & How to Get One?

3. Applying for Grants

Unlike scholarships, most grants are based on financial need, not academic achievement. The largest source of need-based grants is the federal government’s Pell Grant program, but there are other federal student grants available.

To qualify for a Pell Grant, you must be a U.S. citizen attending either a two- or four-year undergraduate program. If you have already earned a baccalaureate or professional degree, you won’t be eligible for a federal grant.

Pell Grant amounts are based on financial need, the cost to attend your college, and your enrollment status. The amount awarded will vary based on those factors, but the current maximum award is $7,395 for the 2024-25 academic year.

Many states also distribute grants. Check out SoFi’s financial aid database with state-by-state guides.

4. Asking the College for More Money

While it may seem like a bold move, one strategy for obtaining additional student aid might be asking the college to provide a larger financial aid package. Appealing a financial aid decision is a possibility, but there are no guarantees. Financial aid awards are usually based on information provided on the FAFSA, but in some cases, changes in financial circumstances can lead to an amended financial aid award. Some colleges and universities might also be willing to match a more competitive financial aid offer from a comparable school.

The appeals process might vary based on the school’s policies, so check in with the financial aid office or review the school’s website to determine the exact process.

Many schools will require a letter of explanation. Depending on the circumstances, documentation might be necessary to supplement the information detailed in the appeals letter.

5. Getting a Part-Time Job

Another way to pay for college is to look for a part-time job, either on or off campus. Campus career services offices may also have resources for students looking for part-time work and may even help with resume writing.

Students looking for part-time jobs may want to consider the following types:

Student Research Positions

Bolster your resume while working as a lab assistant or teaching assistant. Some colleges and universities may have research positions available for undergraduate students.

Jobs with Tuition Reimbursement

Some companies may offer tuition reimbursement or support to part-time employees. This means you could earn money to boost your income and also gain some extra funding to pay for your tuition. For example, at Starbucks, part-time employees may qualify for the company’s education assistance program.

Applying for Internships

Internships can be a good way to help you gain work experience and round out your resume. While some internships are unpaid, if you can secure a paid internship it could allow you to earn some extra money and build skills directly applicable to your future career.

Recommended: Top 20 On-campus Jobs for Students

6. Applying for a Tax Credit

Qualifying students — or their parents, if the student is a dependent — may claim the American Opportunity Tax Credit (AOTC) for up to $2,500 for each eligible child attending college. To be eligible, the student must:

•   Be enrolled in a degree program at least half time for one academic period.

•   Have not finished the first four years of higher education at the beginning of the tax year.

•   Have not claimed the AOTC (or the former Hope credit) for more than four tax years.

•   Have not had a felony drug conviction at the end of the tax year.

Another tax credit, the Lifetime Learning Credit (LLC), is also available for qualifying students, but cannot be claimed for the same student on an individual tax return. The maximum benefit of the LLC is $2,000 per tax return, and there is no limit on the number of tax years the credit can be claimed.

Requirements for either of these tax credits may change from year to year, so it’s recommended to check the most recent information before claiming the credit.

7. Federal Student Loans

The U.S. Department of Education oversees the Federal Direct Loan Program which offers a few different types of student loans. Undergraduate students may qualify for subsidized or unsubsidized loans.

Subsidized loans are awarded based on financial need. The interest accrued on a subsidized loan is covered by the Department of Education while the borrower is enrolled at least half-time, during the grace period, and during periods of deferment.

Unsubsidized loans don’t have a financial need requirement, and borrowers are responsible for paying the interest on an unsubsidized loan once it’s disbursed.

Parents of undergraduate students may also qualify for Direct PLUS Loans. Unlike other types of federal loans, a credit check is required for a Direct PLUS Loan.

8. Work-Study

Some students may have been awarded Federal Work-Study as part of their federal student financial aid package. This program is administered by individual colleges or universities, so check with the financial aid office to see if the school participates in the program.

If you are awarded work-study, you’ll still need to find a job that qualifies for the program. Many schools will run an on-campus job database for this sort of thing. Based on your financial aid award, you’ll be allowed to work a certain number of hours each week.

9. Private Student Loans

If you aren’t awarded a scholarship or grant and have exhausted your federal loan options, there are a variety of private student loans you can apply for to help pay for college.

Private loans are offered by banks, credit unions, and other financial institutions. They are not need-based or subsidized, and the lender will often review your credit score among other financial factors. In some cases, you may need to add a cosigner to your application to be approved.

Interest rates and terms vary from lender to lender, so compare loan options before committing.

💡 Quick Tip: New to private student loans? Visit the Private Student Loans Glossary to get familiar with key terms you will see during the process.

10. Use Your Savings

If you’re lucky enough to have money saved away for college, put it to work! Some students may have a 529 savings plan set up in their name. A 529 savings plan is a dedicated college fund that offers certain tax advantages. Money contributed to the plan is invested and can be withdrawn tax-free if it is used for qualified education expenses.

Using money saved up could help you take on less student loans or make it so you can work fewer hours at a part-time gig.

Recommended: Guide to Paying for College for Parents

11. Income-Share Agreements

Income share agreements are made between a student and the school they attend. The college or university lends the student money required to pay for their educational costs, and in exchange the student agrees to pay a share of their future earnings for a fixed amount of time after graduation.

Unlike a student loan where the amount you repay is determined by the interest rate on the loan, the amount you repay for an income share agreement can fluctuate based on how much you earn after you graduate.

Income share agreements can be helpful for students who have exhausted their federal loan options. A potential negative is that students who are high-earners after graduation may end up repaying more than they would if they had borrowed a more traditional loan.

The Takeaway

One place to start figuring out how to pay for college is by speaking with a guidance counselor and doing some research about financing college costs. Understanding the options available can help you and your family figure out what types of funding work best for your situation. Students can use a combination of funding — from student loans to grants and scholarships — to pay for their education.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

Does anyone actually pay full price for college?

Some students pay the full sticker price for college. According to the Education Data Initiative, roughly 87% of first-time degree seeking students at four year universities received some form of financial aid.

Can you borrow from a 401(k) to pay for your child’s college?

It is possible to borrow a loan against your 401(k) to pay for your child’s college education. However, when you borrow against your 401(k), it can potentially limit growth in your retirement fund. There are also Parent PLUS Loans available from the federal government or private student loans for parents that could be considered to help pay for your child’s college education without requiring you to withdraw from or borrow against your 401(k). Consider speaking with a qualified financial professional for personalized advice.

Do student loans go away after 7 years or a set amount of time?

Repayment terms for federal student loans range from 10 to 25 years. Private student loan repayment terms may vary by lender.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

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The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®) is the first step in the process of obtaining government-provided student aid, including the Pell Grant, which is a need-based award that does not need to be repaid.

Although the Pell Grant vs. FAFSA serve different functions, they both have a role under the broader federal student aid program. The FAFSA provides students access to the Pell Grant, and Pell Grant eligibility is determined by the FAFSA.

What Is FAFSA?

The Free Application for Federal Student Aid is an all-in-one formal application to see if you’re eligible for federal financial aid. Through the FAFSA, students are able to apply for federal grants for college, like the Pell Grant, as well as scholarships, work-study opportunities, and federal student loans from the Department of Education.

As the name indicates, there is no cost to submit a FAFSA. Students will need to complete and submit a new FAFSA for every academic year they are requesting federal aid.

The FAFSA is generally available as early as October 1 for the upcoming academic year. The federal deadline to file the FAFSA is June 30 following the academic year. However, schools and states might have their own FAFSA deadlines to qualify for non-federal aid. Ask your school about its FAFSA deadline and be aware of your state’s deadline on StudentAid.gov.

Recommended: FAFSA Guide

How FAFSA Works

Each FAFSA is applicable to the upcoming academic year. To receive federal financial aid for multiple years of college, as mentioned, you’ll need to complete the FAFSA each year by the deadline.

A Federal Student Aid (FSA) ID is required to manage your federal student aid account, which includes signing your FAFSA digitally. You can create your FSA ID on StudentAid.gov.

Shortly after submitting the FAFSA, either digitally or a paper application, you’ll receive a Student Aid Report. This report is an overview of all the information you’ve provided on your FAFSA (e.g. your and your parents’ personal and financial information), and includes your Student Aid Index number (SAI; formerly called your Expected Family Contribution). At this stage, you’ll need to make any necessary corrections to your FAFSA by the deadline.

Your selected schools will then process your FAFSA and provide you with its financial aid offer. This notice will outline the types of aid you’re eligible for and the amount. It will also provide instructions on how to accept the aid offers you want. The accepted aid will then be sent automatically to your school.

Recommended: How College Financial Aid Works

What Is the Pell Grant?

A Pell Grant is a federal grant program that offers aid to students who show financial need on their FAFSA. Students are typically not required to repay money awarded in the form of the Pell Grant.

It’s generally available to undergraduate students who have not yet earned a bachelors, graduate, or professional degree. This grant program is not available to students who have been incarcerated in a federal or state institution.

When used for qualified educational expenses, Pell Grants are generally not considered taxable income.

How Pell Grants Work

The maximum Pell Grant award a student can receive may vary from year to year, and the amount you qualify to receive depends on your SAI. For the 2025-26 academic year, the maximum award is $7,395.

Pell Grant awards are also limited to 12 semesters (or the equivalent of six years) per student. For example, if you received a Pell Grant award for four years of your undergraduate degree, and return to school to complete a graduate program, you’ll only have two years of lifetime eligibility left to receive Pell Grant funding.

In certain situations, students may be required to repay all or a portion of their Pell Grant. One circumstance that may require repayment is a change in enrollment that may impact your eligibility, such as withdrawing from school. If you are required to repay all or a portion of your Pell Grant, you will be notified by your school.

Pell Grant vs FAFSA

When comparing the differences and similarities between the federal pell grant vs. FAFSA, you’ll find they share some broad attributes, but have significant differences.

The first notable difference is that the FAFSA isn’t a type of financial aid; instead, it’s a general application for multiple federal aid programs. A Pell Grant, on the other hand, is a type of federal aid program that uses the FAFSA to determine if a student is eligible.

Neither the Pell Grant or FAFSA have defined income limits for eligibility. Anyone can submit a FAFSA, regardless of their household income. However, only students who demonstrate financial need are eligible for certain federal aid programs, like the Pell Grant.

The government uses students’ SAI — which is calculated based on a number of factors — to decide Pell Grant eligibility. If your SAI is zero or less, you’ll receive the maximum Pell Grant amount.

Also, both undergraduate- and graduate-level students can submit a FAFSA, but Pell Grants are typically restricted to undergraduate students only.

Which Forms of Financial Aid Should You Prioritize?

If your financial aid award includes a Pell Grant and other types of aid offers, carefully decide which aid you want to accept, and how much.

To avoid graduating school with excessive student debt, consider prioritizing financial aid as follows:

•   Scholarships and grants, like the Pell Grant, which don’t need to be repaid after you graduate.

•   Earned financial aid, like participating in work-study opportunities. You can also consider taking on a part-time job while you’re enrolled in school.

•   Borrowed financial aid, like federal student loans. Federal student loans offer low, fixed rates and protections, like income-driven repayment plans and extended deferment and forbearance. Prioritize federal loans before borrowing private student loans, which don’t guarantee the same benefits.

Recommended: FAFSA Grants & Other Types of Financial Aid

What If You Don’t Qualify for Financial Aid?

Students who don’t qualify for federal financial aid still have options to help finance their college education.

Scholarships

Scholarships are a type of financial aid that doesn’t need to be repaid. They can be need- or merit-based, and are sponsored by nonprofit and private organizations, businesses, professional associations, and more.

Other Grants

Like scholarships, non-federal grants are provided to students based on need or merit. They don’t have to be repaid after graduation making them a good financial aid choice.

Recommended: The Differences Between Grants, Scholarships, and Loans

Private Student Loans

Students can also apply for private student loans. This form of aid must be repaid in full, plus interest. You can find them from private financial institutions, like online lenders, banks, and credit unions. Your school or state might also offer private student loan options.

One thing to know about private student loans, though, is that they lack borrower benefits afforded to federal student loans, and are therefore generally only considered as a last resort option.

Recommended: Guide to Private Student Loans 

The Takeaway

The FAFSA is an application that students must fill out if they are interested in applying for any federal student aid. This includes scholarships, work-study, grants, and federal student loans. A Pell Grant is a type of aid awarded to students who demonstrate exceptional financial need.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

Can you get a Pell Grant without FAFSA?

No. Completing and submitting a FAFSA is a requirement to apply for a federal Pell Grant. The FAFSA is used by your school to determine your eligibility for Pell Grant aid, and the amount you can receive under this grant program.

Can you get a Pell Grant and other forms of financial aid?

Students who are eligible for a Pell Grant might also be offered other types of financial aid. If you’re eligible, you’ll receive the full Pell Grant amount you’re eligible for, regardless of other existing financial aid.

Do you have to repay a Pell Grant if you don’t graduate?

You might have to repay a portion of your “unearned” Pell Grant if you withdraw from school during the same academic year. Your school will calculate how much of your Pell Grant award you’ve earned based on your scheduled attendance, and tell you the amount you owe.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Photo credit: iStock/Ridofranz
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