Life can be unpredictable, and financial setbacks can crop up at any time — whether that’s a job loss, medical or dental bills, a fender bender, or a major appliance that suddenly stops working. If you aren’t convinced of that, just think of the COVID-19 pandemic and how disruptive it was to daily life and many people’s finances.
That’s why it’s important to have an emergency fund. An emergency savings fund is a lump sum of cash set aside to cover any unanticipated expenses or financial emergencies that may come your way.
Besides offering peace of mind, an emergency fund can help save you from having to rely on high-interest debt options. These include credit cards or unsecured loans which can snowball. Not having rainy-day savings can also threaten to undermine your future security if you wind up tapping into retirement funds to get by.
If you don’t yet have any emergency savings set aside, however, don’t panic. Below, we break down:
• Why an emergency fund can be a key part of financial planning
• How long it takes to save an emergency fund
• How to prioritize your financial goals to include an emergency fund
Why Do You Need an Emergency Fund?
With all of the bills that a person typically has to pay, you may wonder, “Why should creating an emergency fund be a top priority?” Here’s why: An emergency fund can be a kind of self-funded insurance policy. Instead of paying an insurance company to back you up if something goes wrong, you’re paying yourself by setting aside these funds for the future. Building this cushion into your budget can be a vital step in better money management.
How you invest emergency funds is of course up to you, but keeping the money in a high-yield savings account typically gives you the liquidity you need while earning some interest.
Having this kind of financial safety net comes with a range of benefits. Below are some of the key perks of having an ample emergency fund.
Preventing You From Going into Debt
Yes, there may be other ways to quickly access cash to cover the cost of an emergency, such as credit cards, unsecured loans, home equity lines of credit, or pulling from other sayings, like retirement funds.
Preventing debt is one of the most important reasons to have an emergency fund.
But these options typically come with high interest fees or penalties. Though there are many reasons for having an emergency fund, preventing debt is among the most important and enticing.
Providing Peace of Mind
Here’s another reason why it is important to have an emergency fund: Living without a safety net and simply hoping to get by can cause you to stress. Thoughts about what would happen if you got hit with a large, unanticipated expense could keep you up at night.
Being prepared with an emergency fund, on the other hand, can give you a sense of confidence that you can tackle any of life’s unexpected events without experiencing financial hardship.
Providing Finances During Unemployment
Applying for unemployment benefits, if you are entitled to them, can help you afford some of your daily expenses. Unfortunately, these payments are generally not enough to cover your entire cost of living.
If you have an emergency fund, you can tap into it to cover the cost of everyday expenses — like utility bills, groceries, and insurance payments — while you’re unemployed.
Starting an emergency fund also gives you the freedom to leave a job you dislike, without having to secure a new job first. Sometimes this can be the best move if you stuck in a toxic situation.
Making Better Financial Decisions
Having extra cash set aside in an emergency fund helps keep that money out of sight and out of mind. Having money out of your immediate reach can make you less likely to spend it on a whim, no matter how much you’d like to.
Also by having a separate emergency account, you’ll know exactly how much you have — and how much you may still need to save. This can be preferable to keeping a cash cushion in your checking account and hoping it will be enough.
Recommended: Guide to Practicing Financial Self-Care
What the COVID-19 Pandemic Showed Us About Emergency Funds
For many people, the COVID-19 crisis revealed just how important having an emergency fund could be. It demonstrated that an emergency of a huge, global magnitude could occur without much warning. There wasn’t time to plan or save money gradually.
The situation unfolded and triggered major medical bills that couldn’t be paid for some, led to job losses for many, and disrupted just about everyone’s life in some way. For those who lost income and/or faced rising debts, it became clear that a cushion of cash was a great thing to have to stay afloat financially.
In terms of numbers, research reveals that among those who had emergency savings before the pandemic, 40% withdrew funds during the initial stages of the pandemic. Of those, almost three out of four spent half or more of their funds.
The other pandemic lesson regarding emergency funds was that a crisis can last a long time. At the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, many people thought the situation would resolve within perhaps a couple of weeks or months. Instead, it stretched on and continues to impact some people’s lives. Having an emergency fund to dip into during this long and challenging period proved to be of great value for many. This reveals why creating an emergency fund should be a top priority.
Emergency Fund Statistics
Curious about how much other people have in their emergency funds? Or what percentage of Americans actually have a rainy-day account? Here are some recent research numbers to know:
• About 50% of people report having emergency savings.
• 23% have enough money to cover six months’ worth of expenses.
• 56% of Americans say they couldn’t cover a $1,000 emergency expense.
• 26% of people overall have no emergency savings at all.
• 37% of those who earn less than $50,000 per year have no emergency savings at all.
• Less than half of people earning between $50,000 and $99,999 per year are comfortable with how much they have saved for a rainy day.
• More than half of Americans are concerned about the amount of their emergency savings.
How Long Does It Take to Grow an Emergency Fund?
Emergency funds don’t necessarily come together overnight. Saving after-tax dollars to equal six months’ worth of typical living expenses can take some work and time. Here’s an example to consider: If your monthly costs are $3,000, you would want to have between $9,000 and $18,000 set aside for an emergency, such as being laid-off.
• If your goal is $9,000 and you can set aside $200 per month, that would take you 45 months, or almost four years, to accumulate the funds.
• If you can put aside $300 a month, you’d hit your goal in 30 months, or two and a half years.
• If you can stash $500 a month, you’d have $9,000 saved in one and a half years.
A terrific way to grow your emergency fund is to set up automatic transfers from your checking account into your rainy-day savings. That way, you won’t see the money sitting in your checking and feel as if it’s available to be spent.
Next, we’ll take a look at how to accelerate saving for an emergency fund.
Growing Your Emergency Fund Faster
You’ve just seen how gradually saving can build a cash cushion should an emergency hit. Here are some ways to save even faster:
• Put a windfall into your emergency fund. This could be a tax refund, a bonus at work, or gift money from a relative perhaps.
• Sell items you don’t need or use. If you have gently used clothing, electronics, jewelry, or furniture, you might sell it on a local site, such a Facebook group or Craigslist, or, if small in size, on eBay or Etsy.
• Start a side hustle. One of the benefits of a side hustle is bringing in extra cash; it can also be a fun way to explore new directions, build your skills, and fill free time.
These techniques can help you ramp up your savings even faster and be prepared for an emergency that much sooner.
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Prioritizing Your Emergency Fund When You Have Other Financial Obligations
Even with the lessons of the pandemic in recent memory, it can be hard to prioritize emergency savings. Most of us have competing financial goals: paying down student debt or a credit card balance; accumulating enough money for a down payment on a house; saving for college for kids; and socking away money for retirement. In many cases, you’ll see variability in financial goals by age, but there are often several needs vying for your dollars at any given time.
Here’s advice on how to allocate funds:
• Definitely start or continue saving towards your emergency fund. Even if you can only spare $25 per month right now, do it! It will get you on the road to hitting your goal and earning you compound interest. Otherwise, if an emergency were to strike, you’ll likely have to resort to credit cards or tapping any retirement savings, which probably involves a penalty.
• Continue to pay down high-interest debt, like credit card debt. You want to get this kind of debt out of your life, given the interest rates that currently sit between 15% and 19%. You might explore balance transfer offers that let you pay no or very low interest for a period of time (say, 18 months) which can help you pay down your debt.
• Steadily stick to your schedule for low-interest debt, which typically includes student loans and mortgages.
• Fund your retirement savings as much as you can. As with an emergency fund, even a small amount will be worthwhile, especially with the benefit of compound interest. Make sure to contribute enough to take advantage of the company match if your employer offers that as part of a 401(k) plan; that is akin to free money.
Banking with SoFi
If you’re looking for ways to save for an emergency and want your money to grow fast, why not open an online banking account with SoFi? When you start a Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll have automatic savings features at your fingertips, earn a super competitive APY, and pay zero fees. That’s what we call banking smarter.
FAQ
What is the purpose of an emergency fund?
An emergency fund is a financial safety net. It’s money set aside that you can use if you are hit with a big, urgent, unexpected bill (like a medical expense or car repair) or endure a loss of income. In these situations, an emergency fund can help you avoid using your credit cards and taking on high-interest debt or hurting your credit score by paying bills late. How to invest an emergency fund is up to you, but a high-interest savings account is one good, liquid option.
Can I use an emergency fund for a non-emergency expense?
Technically, you can use an emergency fund for a non-emergency expense. After all, it’s your money. But it’s not wise to do so and defeats the whole purpose of saving this cash. If you use your emergency funds to pay for a vacation or new clothes, then if a true emergency arises, you won’t be prepared.
How difficult is it to rebuild an emergency fund?
It can be difficult to rebuild an emergency fund, just as it was to accumulate the money in the first place. But even if it takes years to achieve your goal, it is worth it. Putting away money gradually for an emergency is an important step towards being financially fit.
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