What Are P2P Transfers & How to Use Them
P2P payments, aka peer-to-peer transfers, are a great way to use digital technology to send money to other people or receive funds from them. With a money transfer app or perhaps one from your financial institution, you can send a friend your half of the dinner bill, gas money, or other payments, quickly and easily from your mobile device. Chances are, you can also buy items (say, on Instagram or a website) using one of these apps.
To move money via P2P, all you need to do is to download one of the transfer apps, like Venmo or PayPal, and connect your bank account, debit card, or credit card to it. Or your financial institution may offer their own app that you could enable. Either way, once you are set up, you are just a few clicks away from being able to send money.
Here’s a closer look at exactly how these apps work, including:
• What is a P2P money transfer?
• How does a P2P payment work?
• How long does a P2P transfer take?
• Are P2P payments safe?
• What are some alternatives to P2P payments?
What Is a P2P Payment?
With a P2P payment, you can send money to a friend with just a few clicks on your mobile device. This replaces the need to get cash at an ATM or write out a personal check, options that aren’t always quick or convenient.
For traditional P2P apps, both parties need to have an account with the transfer service in order to make the transaction. For example, if you want to use Venmo to repay a friend for the salad they bought you at lunchtime, that person would also need to have a Venmo account to receive that payment.
Typically, a P2P account is attached to your bank account online. Some P2P platforms, however, allow customers to link their P2P accounts to a debit card or even a credit card, though it may involve additional fees.
Recommended: How to Transfer Money From One Bank to Another
Get up to $300 when you bank with SoFi.
Open a SoFi Checking and Savings Account with direct deposit and get up to a $300 cash bonus. Plus, get up to 4.30% APY on your cash!
Understanding How P2P Transfers Work
How does a P2P payment work? Here’s a closer look at what goes on when you use a P2P payment app.
Overview of the P2P Transfer Process
Say that you want to send money P2P to your sister for your mother’s birthday present. Depending on the type of P2P service you use, you’ll follow some variation of these basic steps.
• Creating a P2P Account. You will need to download a P2P app and then sign up for an account. In order to send money to your sister, you’ll both need to have an account with the same money transfer service.
• Linking your bank account to your P2P account. Some P2P services have the ability to hold funds, but they generally must be linked to a primary bank account, credit card, or debit card in order to be fully operational. This is how the account will pull any funds needed to make a payment.
To link your checking account, you may need your checking and routing number (which appear at the bottom of a check). Some P2P transfer services may only need your bank log-in information. Others may allow you to set up extra verification measures.
• Searching for a user to transfer funds to. To send money to your sister, you’ll need to find her on the P2P platform. You can typically search by username, email address, or a phone number. In most cases you will be able to add her account as a contact or “friend” in your account.
• Initiating a transfer. The next step in how a P2P payment works is getting the money moving. Your sister can request a payment from you, or you can initiate the payment yourself. This requires choosing the option to send funds, entering a dollar amount, and then clicking submit. If you’ve enabled additional security measures on your account, you may need to enter a PIN that gets texted to you as well.
You may be prompted to choose whether you are making a purchase or sending money to a friend or family member. This can impact whether fees get assessed and what kind of protection you receive for the transaction.
You may have the option to add a description or “memo” to your transaction. Some P2P services may require this information so that they can charge a fee for business-related transactions. Others offer the option to act as a personal ledger should you need it in the future.
• Waiting for the transfer to complete. Now the funds are in motion via a P2P bank transfer. When money is sent from one customer to another, it moves in the form of an electronic package safeguarded with multiple layers of data encryption. This makes it hard for hackers to access the data (like your bank account number) within the transfer while it is in motion. Similarly, data encryption keeps your money and account information safe. Once the data set reaches its destination, it is decoded and deposited as currency.
• Transferring the funds into the payee’s bank account. When a P2P transfer is completed, the funds may be deposited directly into your sister’s bank account. Or they may go into an account created for her by the P2P service. Funds received into P2P user accounts can then be transferred into traditional bank accounts at little to no cost. (You are likely to pay a fee if you want the funds transferred ASAP versus in a couple of days.)
Your sister will likely receive some combination of email, text, and/or in-app notifications that the funds have arrived. If she decides to leave the money in her P2P account, she can use that account balance the next time she needs to pay someone or purchase something from a business that accepts P2P transactions.
How Long Do P2P Transfers Take?
The general rule of thumb for P2P transfer services is to allow one to three business days for a transfer to complete (although some seem instantaneous; timing varies). That’s because standard bank transfers use the ACH (or Automated Clearing House) system, which can take a day or two to complete.
When it comes time to move funds from the app to, say, a checking account, some apps may charge a small fee, often around 1.75% of the overall transfer amount.
Are P2P Money Transfers Safe?
Many people wonder, Are mobile payment apps safe? Any time your bank account, credit, or debit card information is online, there is a chance that someone can get a hold of it, and P2Ps are no different. While all major money transfer companies encrypt your financial information, no P2P system can say it’s totally impervious to hacks and scams.
There are also additional measures you can take to make sure that your account remains secure. For example, you may be able to set up two-factor authentication, which might involve typing in a unique pin number that is texted to your phone for each transaction. Or you might elect to receive notifications each time there’s a transaction posted on your account, enabling you to spot financial fraud right away if it were to happen.
You may also want to take care when you type in a recipient’s email address, phone number, or name. A typo could lead to the money going to the wrong person.
How Do Peer-to-Peer Transfer Companies Make Money?
P2P transactions are largely offered for free to consumers, which may beg the question of how the companies that offer these services stay in business. Here are two major ways that P2P money transfer apps may generate income.
Account Fees
Typically, you can make P2P payments from a linked bank account or straight from the P2P account for free. If you want an instant transfer or you are transferring money using a credit card or from depositing checks into your P2P account, there may be a fee involved.
Business Fees
P2P platforms aren’t just for consumers — they are used by businesses as well. Compared to the free transactions that standard user profiles offer, business profiles are generally subject to a seller transaction fee for each customer purchase made with a P2P money transfer app. Venmo, for instance, charges a fee of 1.9%, plus 10 cents for each transaction.
What Are the Benefits of P2P Money Transfers?
There are three main benefits to using online money transfer services.
• They’re fast. Depending on the service, P2P money transfers can happen very quickly. They can take anywhere from just a few seconds to a couple of business days.
• They’re cheap. When exchanging money between friends and family, P2P money transfers are often free. There may be a small fee, however, if you want an instant bank transfer, are using a credit card instead of a bank account, are making a transfer above a certain dollar amount, are conducting a high volume of transfers, or are using the service for a business transaction.
• They’re easy. P2P transfers eliminate the need to make trips to the ATM or a local bank branch to get cash. They also eliminate the need to get out your checkbook, write a check, and then mail it to someone. For a P2P transfer, all you likely need is a mobile device, the app, and cell service or WiFi.
Alternatives to P2P Money Transfers
What if a P2P money transfer isn’t available or doesn’t suit your needs? Try these options instead to move money.
Sending a Check
You can go old-school and write a paper check. You fill out the necessary details and hand or mail the check to the person you are paying. Typically, no fee is involved, although you may have to pay for a new checkbook when you run low and order more checks.
Money Orders
Money orders are in some ways similar to a check, but you don’t write them from a bank account. Instead, you purchase them (essentially pre-paying for the amount you are sending) at the post office, businesses like Western Union or Moneygram, or from certain retailers.
Typically, you will pay a small fee. For example, the United States Post Office will issue money orders up to and including $1,000. Those that are for amounts up to $500 will be assessed a $1.75 fee; for ones that are $500.01 to $1,000, $2.40 will be charged. Once you have a money order, you can either give it to the recipient in person or mail it. You can also typically track a money order to see when it’s cashed.
Using Online Bill Payment Services
Many financial institutions offer ways for their customers to pay bills electronically. A key feature of mobile banking, this service can be a simple way to send funds from your checking account, regardless of where you are or what time it is. You may be able to set up recurring payments as well for bills you receive regularly.
Wire Transfers
Wire transfers are another way to send funds electronically using a network of financial institutions and transfer agencies that operate globally. Typically, you will access a wire transfer via your bank, its website, or its app. You’ll need to have your payee’s banking details and will likely pay a fee to wire money.
For instance, domestic wire transfers can charge a fee of anywhere from $15 to $50, and they can be processed in a few hours or within a day. International wire transfers can cost more (with both the sender and recipient possibly paying fees) and can take longer, typically two days.
Recommended: What Is an E-Check (Electronic Check)?
The Takeaway
Peer-to-Peer (or P2P) payment apps facilitate mobile money transactions. You can use them in place of cash or writing a check when you want to give friends or family money, whether it’s to cover your portion of a dinner bill or split the cost of a vacation rental. Some businesses also accept this form of payment.
All you need to make a P2P transfer is a mobile device, an internet connection, and your P2P app, which you must link to your bank account or credit card.
Customers with a SoFi online bank account can send money to any person, anywhere, even if that person doesn’t have a SoFi Checking and Savings account. If the person does happen to be a member of SoFi, the transfer will happen instantaneously. That’s not the only reason to open an online bank account with SoFi, though: You’ll also earn a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay no account fees, and, for qualifying accounts, get paycheck access up to two days early.
FAQ
How much time does a P2P transfer take?
P2P accounts can take just a few seconds or a couple of days to move funds. Then, if the person who has money in the P2P app wants to transfer their cash to a bank account, that can also take between hours and a few days. Often, you may be charged a fee if you want the money moved ASAP.
Is P2P digital money?
P2P, or peer-to-peer-payments, are a digital way of moving funds from one person to another. Once the transfer is complete, the recipient has money they can use to pay for purchases or transfer into a bank account.
What’s an example of a P2P payment?
An example of a P2P payment would be to use a P2P app such as PayPal or Venmo to send funds to a friend you owe money. Or you might send a payment to a service provider or retailer using P2P apps as well.
Do banks use P2P?
Many banks offer their own version of P2P apps. For example, you might be able to almost instantly send funds from your account to a friend, a retailer, or a service provider.
SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2023 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.
SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.30% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.
As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.30% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.
SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.30% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.
SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.
Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.
Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/8/2024. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at http://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
SOBK0223032