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As all things remote rise, many people are contemplating degrees from accredited schools with “distance learning” options. These prospective students might be wondering how much these colleges cost compared to in-person options, how credible these online degrees are, what steps should be taken to apply to them, and whether there are options for student loans or financial aid.

The short answer: Online degrees can offer credible, competitively priced ways to reach your educational goals. They can have a similar application process as in-person colleges and may be financed with a wide range of financial aid and federal and private student loan options.

A Little Bit About Distance Learning

Online college falls under the umbrella of “distance learning” — a form of education conducted outside the traditional in-person classroom and facilitated with the use of technology. Many distance learning programs allow students to complete courses at their own pace and on their own schedule.

Some online colleges also incorporate learning methods like virtual classrooms and video conferencing for meeting during a designated class time. Depending on which format a student chooses, they can create their own online learning experience as part of their college education.

How Credible Are Online Degrees?

In previous decades, the jury may have been mixed on whether online degrees were considered as credible as their in-person counterparts. But with the advancement of global technology and the onset of digital transformation, online colleges have become more widely recognized as institutions of high-quality education.

According to a landmark Northeastern University’s Online Education survey, 61% of HR leaders believe online college credentials are equally credible as those completed in person. This included both degrees and certificates.

How Much Does the Average Online College Cost?

According to the U.S. News & World Report, the cost of an online degree can vary considerably. For instance, for in-state students attending public online colleges, the average total cost for a bachelor’s degree was $40,536, based on prices for the 2024-25 school year. For an online bachelor’s degrees from private colleges, the cost averaged $63,185.

This, of course, is simply the average. In some cases, online college can cost even more than in-person programs. And, in other cases, online colleges can actually pay students to attend (more on that below).

How Do I Apply for Online College?

The process of applying to an online college is similar to that of a traditional in-person college or university. Depending on which school the prospective student chooses, there should be detailed application and enrollment instructions on the website.

Each college will have its own unique admissions policies and application instructions, with some adhering to set application deadlines and others offering “rolling admissions” where students can apply at any time.

Researching deadlines and requirements in advance can be a prudent way to approach the online college application process and provide exactly what the admissions team wants.

How Do I Pay for College If I Have No Money?

There are several ways to pay for college, even if the applicant has little-to-no means of funding:

•   Applying for scholarships is one way to pay for online college without having any money. There are several resources (such as online scholarship search hubs) available for prospective college students seeking scholarships and, unlike student loans, repayment is not required.

•   Financial aid helps prospective students secure funds for online college in the form of grants, scholarships, work-study programs, and federal student loans. Filling out the FAFSA can be an important first step when seeking federal aid; just remember to be sure your program and the educational institution qualify for this kind of funding.

If you’ve received a federal student loan for online college, there are different student loan repayment options to help you tackle the tuition debt.

•   Getting an extra gig could be a great way to accumulate some extra cash to subsidize online college costs.

•   Prospective students can see if they qualify for a private student loan (more on this option below).

Are There Student Loans for Online Schools?

Yes, federal student loans are offered for eligible programs at online colleges that are accredited by the U.S. Department of Education. Contacting the university’s financial aid office prior to enrollment is the best way to check on eligibility.

Outside of federal student loans, private student loans are another way to potentially pay for online college. With private student loans, each lender will have their own eligibility requirements, terms, and conditions. Borrowers must agree to these parameters and complete on-time payments to avoid any fees or penalties associated with account delinquency. There are student loan refinancing options that may help if a student is struggling to make their payments.

What About Online Colleges That Accept FAFSA?

Yes, FAFSA® can cover eligible online classes at accredited schools. The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) allows prospective students to apply for financial aid for qualifying online classes at an accredited institution much like they would an in-person university. All they have to do is fill out the form online, or print and mail a paper copy. This must be done each year in which a student is seeking aid.

What Types of Federal Student Loans Are Available for Online College?

Prospective students might consider consulting with their online college’s financial aid office before deciding which type of federal student loan to apply for, but many students opt for one of the following types of Federal Direct student loans:

•  Federal Direct Subsidized loans help students who qualify for financial need and are attending traditional four-year colleges or universities, community colleges, or technical schools. The federal government will pay the loan’s interest while the borrower is in school, during the six-month grace period after graduation, and in the event of student loan deferment.
•  Federal Direct Unsubsidized loans help undergraduate, graduate, and professional school students cover college costs without requiring a demonstration of financial need. However, borrowers are responsible for paying back all the interest accrued on the loan from the time they start attending college onward (although they aren’t required to start making payments until after they graduate).
•  Direct PLUS loans are unsubsidized loans issued for graduate or professional students as well as parents of undergraduate students who are helping them pay for college.
•  Direct Consolidation loans are a way to combine different federal student loans into one single loan so the borrower can commit to one monthly payment under one loan servicer.

How Can I Get Private Student Loans?

For prospective students seeking an alternative to federally backed student loans, applying for private student loans can be another way to pay for online college. If your program and educational institution qualify for this type of funding, you can have access to financing from banks, credit unions, and online lenders. These loans can help you attend the program that suits your needs and helps you reach your education goals.

It’s worth noting, though, that rates are typically higher than those for federal loans. In addition, these loans don’t offer such federal benefits as deferment and forbearance.

The Takeaway

Online college is a form of distance education that allows students to acquire a degree outside the traditional in-person university setting. Degrees from online college degrees are considered credible by many employers and HR leaders.

There are several student loan and financial aid options for qualifying online college expenses, including federally backed student loans, scholarships, grants, and work-study programs, as well as private student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

How do you pay for online college?

For eligible online college programs at accredited schools, you can pay via savings, federal or private student loans, as well as grants, scholarships, and work-study options.

How much does an online college degree cost?

According to U.S. News & World Report, the average cost of an online college degree currently ranges from $40,536 for an in-state student at a public university to $63,185 for a private college.

What type of loan can I get for an online college degree?

You may be able to access federal student loans and/or private student loans to finance an online college degree. It’s wise to check whether your program is eligible and the institution is accredited for loans from each lender you are considering; requirements can vary.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

For many students, heading off to college offers the exciting opportunity to live on their own for the first time. That might mean moving into a freshman dorm or an on-campus apartment or finding an off-campus living space.

Which is better? The answer will depend on your personal preferences, what year you are in school, your budget, and where you go to college. Here’s a closer look at the pros and cons of living on campus vs living off campus.

Pros of Living On Campus

Many students dream of the day they’ll pack their bags and begin a new life at college. And, for many, a major part of that fantasy involves living on campus. The reason is that living in a freshman dorm with hoards of other students the same age can be a lot of fun.

Living on campus also comes with some other advantages. Generally, arranging on-campus housing is relatively easy, especially for freshmen who may be more likely to get a spot, or may be required to live on campus. Unlike apartment hunting, which can be time-consuming and challenging, living on campus can be a more straightforward arrangement, and there are generally additional resources provided for students in on-campus housing.

For example, there is generally an RA (Resident Advisor/Assistant) that can answer any questions and help resolve conflicts with roommates. Plus RA’s may run programming for the floor, or dorm, to encourage community and help students meet each other.

Typically, students living in on-campus housing can also purchase a meal plan, which means they don’t need to find time to grocery shop or cook meals when they should be cramming for finals.

Living on campus also means students are conveniently close to all of the resources provided by their school. This not only makes it easier and faster to get to your classes, but also to access on-campus dining, gyms, the health center, libraries, and student recreation centers. Attending on-campus events and getting to a professor’s office hours can also be easier when you’re living on campus.

Cons of Living On Campus

While very convenient and exciting in many ways, on campus housing has its downsides.

For one, dormitory living often involves small spaces and lack of privacy. You may need to share a bathroom with your entire hall. And you may end up living in close quarters with a roommate you don’t know or have much in common with. In addition, finding quiet time to focus on your studies can be a challenge in a dorm.

Another potential downside to living on campus is that you may not have access to a kitchen and will need to eat your meals according to the dining hall’s schedule.

Living on campus can also be more expensive than living off campus. Dorm living, including a meal plan, could stack up to be pricier than living off campus and cooking for yourself.

Pros of Living Off Campus

While you may think that living on campus is the key to having a true college experience, there are actually some benefits associated with living off campus.

Some students may greatly appreciate having a bit of separation from their school life and their personal life, especially as they inch closer to graduation and they begin to plan their transition to the post-college era.

Another major benefit of living off campus is the potential to save some money on living expenses and to have some extra flexibility. Living off campus can be cheaper than living on campus, depending on factors like where the college is located and how close to campus the house is located. Living off campus may also allow you to spend less on food, since you will likely have access to a kitchen and full-size refrigerator.

Another potential advantage of off-campus housing is that you may be able to find a larger living space with more privacy than you could get in a dorm. Plus, you may have a 12-month lease, which gives the option of staying on campus over the summer to study, get an internship, or find a summer job. (However, this could end up being a con if you are on the hook for a lease when you don’t actually need to be in town.)

Recommended: 5 Ways to Start Preparing for College

Cons of Living Off Campus

While living off campus can provide more flexibility, it may involve having to commute to campus. In some cases, students may be able to find off-campus housing within walking distance to school but often you will need to drive. This brings its own set of complications, such as traffic and parking (which on some campuses can be expensive and competitive). Owning and maintaining a car also adds to your college costs.

A commute may also make it less appealing to participate in on-campus events and take advantage of campus amenities like gyms, health centers, and libraries. Spending time with friends may also take more coordination than just walking down the hall.

When it comes to living in off-campus housing, many students may also not be prepared to take on the responsibilities of adult living. While each student’s living situation will vary depending on their specific housing arrangements, many can expect to cook more, clean more, and be more responsible for properly maintaining their off- campus housing. And if they’re having issues with their roommate, there is no RA to help them clear the air.

Keeping School Requirements in Mind

At the end of the day, there is no “best” choice for a college living arrangement. There are so many variables, including the school’s location, the student’s priorities and personality, and how much each option will cost.

One caveat is that some students may not have a choice about whether they live on campus or not. Some colleges and universities require their students to live on campus for a certain amount of years. This is a more common requirement for freshman students, as colleges want them to integrate into campus life and feel engaged and supported.

If you don’t want to live on campus, despite there being a requirement to do so, it’s worth seeing if the school allows students to petition to live off campus. Allowances are sometimes made for students whose families live nearby or who have health issues or specific dietary requirements that can’t be met easily through on-campus dining options.

On the other end of the spectrum, some colleges only guarantee housing on-campus for a certain number of years, resulting in students living off campus at one time or another.

Some colleges and universities provide online resources and other information for students who are interested in living off campus. These resources can help students find housing and make the transition to off campus housing a bit easier.

Financing College Life

Regardless of where you live, you’ll need to figure out how to pay for it. Some students may be able to use the financial aid they receive to help pay for their room and board.

Scholarships may have restrictions on how they can be used, and room and board or rent may or may not be eligible expenses. Review the details of specific scholarships to understand what costs they can help fiance. Student loans can generally be used to pay for tuition as well as living expenses and housing.

There are two different types of student loans that you may be able to tap — private and federal student loans.

Federal student loans may be subsidized by the government, which means interest won’t start to accrue until six months after you graduate, or they may be unsubsidized, which means interest begins accruing right away. Either way, you don’t have to start making payments until six months after graduation. Federal loans come with a fixed interest rate set by the Congress annually, and they don’t require a credit check.

If federal student loans do not fully cover your costs, you may also want to explore getting a private student loan.

Private student loans are available through private lenders, including banks, credit unions, and online lenders. Rates and terms vary, depending on the lender. These loans do require a credit check and, generally, borrowers (or cosigners) who have strong credit qualify for the lowest rates.

Keep in mind, though, that private loans may not offer the borrower protections — like income-based repayment plans and Public Service Loan Forgiveness — that automatically come with federal student loans.

The Takeaway

Each student needs to navigate whether living on or off campus in college is the right fit for them, though some educational institutions require on-campus living for at least part of a student’s time on campus. On-campus housing can be convenient and build a sense of community, while off-campus housing may foster independence and might save some money.

Financing college costs, whether living on or off campus, is an important factor for many college students.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

Is living on campus or off campus better?

Deciding whether to live on or off campus is preferable depends on personal priorities and circumstances. Living on campus can offer convenience and a sense of community, while living off campus can provide more independence and lower costs for some students.

Is it usually cheaper to live on or off campus?

The prevailing wisdom is that it’s more affordable to live off campus because you aren’t required to pay for a meal plan and other college charges. That said, if you choose to live off campus in a high-priced city, your costs could be more than living on campus.

What are the cons of living on campus?

Potential cons to living on campus can include lack of privacy, a roommate you don’t get along with, communal bathrooms, and being locked into a cafeteria meal plan that you don’t like. Also, living on campus can be more expensive.

About the author

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a freelance writer who specializes in financial topics. Her first job out of college was in the financial industry, and it was there she gained a passion for helping others understand tricky financial topics. Read full bio.

SOISL-Q325-108

What is a second mortgage loan? For many homeowners who need cash in short order, a second mortgage in the form of a home equity loan or home equity line of credit is a go-to answer. A second mortgage can help you fund anything from home improvements to credit card debt payoff, and for some, a HELOC serves as a security blanket.

You can probably think of many things you could use a home equity loan or HELOC for, especially when the rate and terms may be more attractive than those of a cash-out refinance or personal loan. Just know that you’ll need to have sufficient equity in your home to pull off a second mortgage. In this guide, we’ll discuss this and more about how to take out a second mortgage and when you might consider it.

What Does It Mean to Take Out a Second Mortgage?

What is a second mortgage loan? It’s a loan secured by your home that’s typically taken out after your first mortgage. Less commonly, a first and second mortgage may be taken out at the same time in the form of a “piggyback loan.”

An “open-end” second mortgage is a revolving line of credit that allows you to withdraw money and pay it back as needed, up to an approved limit, over time. A “closed-end” second mortgage is a loan disbursed in a lump sum.

And since we’re looking at what it means to take out a second mortgage, it’s worth noting that it’s not called a second mortgage just because you probably took it out after your original mortgage. The term also refers to the fact that if you can’t make your mortgage payments and your home is sold as a result, the proceeds will go toward paying off your first home mortgage loan and only then toward any second mortgage and other liens (if anything is left).

How Does a Second Mortgage Work?

A home equity line of credit (HELOC) and a home equity loan, the two main types of second mortgages, work differently but have a shared purpose: to allow homeowners to borrow against their home equity without having to refinance their first mortgage.

Second Mortgage Interest Rates

HELOCs may have lower starting interest rates than home equity loans, although HELOC rates are usually variable — fluctuating over time. Home equity loans have fixed interest rates. In general, the choice between a fixed- vs variable-rate loan has no one universal winner.

Cost of a Second Mortgage

Home equity loans and HELOCs come with closing costs and fees of about 2% to 5% of the loan amount, but if you do your research, you may be able to find a lender that will waive some or all of the closing costs. Some lenders offer a “no-closing-cost HELOC,” but it will usually come with a higher interest rate.

Repayment Terms and Requirements

If you’re wondering how a second mortgage works, that depends. The way you receive funds and repay each kind of second mortgage differs. You generally receive a home equity loan as a lump sum and, since it usually comes with a fixed interest rate, pay it back in equal monthly installments, making it easy to plan for. With a HELOC, you’ll get an initial draw period during which you can take out funds at will, up to a preset limit. You’ll have a minimum payment to make each month but can pay back the principal and draw it out again. During the repayment period that follows, you’ll pay back the loan, generally at an adjustable rate.

To qualify for a HELOC or a home equity loan, you’ll need to have sufficient equity in your home – generally enough so that after you take out the second mortgage, you’ll retain 20% or, at minimum, 15% equity. Lenders’ requirements vary, but typically they will want to see a credit score of at least 620. They will also look at your debt-to-income (DTI) ratio, which compares your monthly debt obligations with your monthly income, and generally will want it to be 43% or lower.

Example of a Second Mortgage

Let’s look at an example of how to take out a second mortgage. Say you buy a house for $400,000. You make a 20% down payment of $80,000 and borrow $320,000. Over time you whittle the balance to $250,000.

You apply for a second mortgage. A new appraisal puts the value of the home at $525,000.

The current market value of your home, minus anything owed, is your home equity. In this case, it’s $275,000.

So how much home equity can you tap? Often 85%, although some lenders allow more.

Assuming that you’re borrowing 80% of your equity, that could give you a home equity loan or credit line of $220,000.

After closing on your loan, the lender will file a lien against your property. This second mortgage will have separate monthly payments.

Types of Second Mortgages

To evaluate whether you qualify for a second mortgage, in addition to seeing if you meet a certain home equity threshold, lenders may review your credit score, credit history, employment history, and debt-to-income ratio when determining your rate and loan amount.

Here are details about the two main forms of a second mortgage.

Home Equity Loan

A home equity loan is issued in a lump sum with a fixed interest rate. Terms may range from five to 30 years.

Recommended: Exploring the Different Types of Home Equity Loans

Home Equity Line of Credit

A HELOC is a revolving line of credit with a maximum borrowing limit.

You can borrow against the credit limit as many times as you want during the draw period, which is often 10 years, as long as you keep the funds sufficiently replenished. The repayment period is usually 20 years.

Most HELOCs have a variable interest rate. They typically come with yearly and lifetime rate caps.

Piggyback Loan

A piggyback loan is a second mortgage you take out at the same time as your first mortgage in order to help fund your down payment so you can avoid paying private mortgage insurance (PMI). People generally have to pay PMI when they buy a home and make a down payment on a conventional loan of less than 20% of the home’s value.

Here’s how it works, if you have only a 10% down payment, you might take out a mortgage for 80% of your purchase price and a piggyback loan, typically at a higher and probably variable rate, for 10% of the purchase price to put toward your down payment so you’ll have the full 20%.

Second Mortgage vs Refinance: What’s the Difference?

A mortgage refinance involves taking out a home loan that replaces your existing mortgage. Equity-rich homeowners may choose a cash-out refinance, taking out a mortgage for a larger amount than the existing mortgage and receiving the difference in cash.

Taking on a second mortgage, on the other hand, leaves your first mortgage intact. It is a separate loan.

To determine your eligibility for refinancing, lenders look at the loan-to-value ratio, in part. Most lenders favor an LTV of 80% or less. (Current loan balance / current appraised value x 100 = LTV.)

Even though the rate for a refinance might be lower than that of a home equity loan or HELOC, refinancing means you’re taking out a new loan, so you face mortgage refinancing costs of 2% to 5% of the new loan amount on average.

Homeowners who have a low mortgage rate will generally not benefit from a mortgage refinance when the going interest rate exceeds theirs.

Pros and Cons of a Second Mortgage

What does it mean to take out a second mortgage, all in all? It’s a big decision, and it can be helpful to know the advantages and potential downsides before diving in.

Pros of a Second Mortgage

Relatively low interest rate. A second mortgage may come with a lower interest rate than debt not secured by collateral, such as credit cards and personal loans. And if rates are on the rise, a cash-out refinance becomes less appetizing.

Access to money for a big expense. People may take out a second mortgage to get the cash needed to pay for a major expense, from home renovations to medical bills.

Mortgage insurance avoidance via piggyback. A homebuyer may take out a first and second mortgage simultaneously to avoid having to pay private mortgage insurance (PMI) if they have less than 20% for the down payment for a conventional mortgage. A piggyback loan, or second mortgage, can be issued at the same time as the initial home loan and allow the buyer to meet the 20% threshold and avoid paying PMI.

People generally have to pay PMI when they buy a home and make a down payment on a conventional loan of less than 20% of the home’s value.

A piggyback loan, or second mortgage, can be issued at the same time as the initial home loan and allow a buyer to meet the 20% threshold and avoid paying PMI.

Cons of a Second Mortgage

Potential closing costs and fees. Closing costs come with a home equity loan or HELOC, but some lenders will reduce or waive them if you meet certain conditions. With a HELOC, for example, some lenders will skip closing costs if you keep the credit line open for three years. It’s a good idea to scrutinize lender offers for fees and penalties and compare the APR vs. interest rate.

Rates. Second mortgages may have higher interest rates than first mortgage loans. And the adjustable interest rate of a HELOC means the rate you start out with can increase — or decrease — over time, making payments unpredictable and possibly difficult to afford.

Risk. If your monthly payments become unaffordable, there’s a lot on the line with a second mortgage: You could lose your home.

Must qualify. Taking out a second mortgage isn’t a breeze just because you already have a mortgage. You’ll probably have to jump through similar qualifying hoops in terms of home appraisal and documentation.

Common Reasons to Get a Second Mortgage

Typical uses of second mortgages include the following:

•   Paying off high-interest credit card debt

•   Financing home improvements

•   Making a down payment on a vacation home or investment property

•   As a security measure in uncertain times

•   Funding a blow-out wedding or other big event

•   Covering college costs

Can you use the proceeds for anything? In general, yes, but each lender gets to set its own guidelines. Some lenders, for example, don’t allow second mortgage funds to be used to start a business.

Funding Major Home Improvements

Building a garage or upgrading your kitchen are the kind of home improvements you could fund with a second mortgage. What’s more, if you itemize your federal taxes, some or all of the interest you pay on your second mortgage may be tax deductible if it’s used on home improvements. Consult with your tax adviser for the most up-to-date information.

Covering Education Expenses or Debt Consolidation

Getting a better interest rate on debt is a significant reason many people take out second mortgages. A second mortgage, especially a HELOC, can be an appealing way to finance education. Typically, its rates are lower than those of private student loans. Still it’s worth looking into federal loans, which may have even lower rates and don’t put your home at risk if you default.

Consolidating debt is another reason people take out second mortgages. Rather than paying often hefty credit card rates, for example, you could take out a second mortgage, pay off the high-interest debt, and pay back the second mortgage at a more reasonable rate over time. You can also use a home equity loan in particular to pay off multiple debts so that you’ll just have one predictable bill each month.

How to Get a Second Mortgage

If you’ve decided that a HELOC or home equity loan is the right choice for you, here’s how to get a second mortgage. Begin by assessing what you need and evaluate how much you can afford in payments each month.

Next, review typical requirements and evaluate how well you match up. Remember that requirements may vary somewhat from lender to lender.

After you’ve brushed up your credentials, start researching lenders. You might be able to get a slightly lower rate from the lender who provided your primary mortgage, but it’s worth looking around at the options and negotiating terms. Take into account whether you have enough to pay for closing costs or whether you’ll need to look for a no-closing-costs option or a lender who will waive the fees.
Once you’ve made a decision, submit your application If you’re approved, the lender will likely want to conduct an appraisal of your property. If all goes well, you’ll soon be signing papers and closing your loan.

The Takeaway

What’s the point of a second mortgage? A HELOC or home equity loan can provide qualifying homeowners with cash fairly quickly and at a relatively decent rate. If you prefer not to have a second mortgage, you may want to explore a cash-out refinance, which is another way to put some of your home equity to use.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

FAQ

Is a HELOC a second mortgage?

Perhaps you’ve been wondering, “Is a HELOC a second mortgage?” The answer is yes: A HELOC (home equity line of credit) is one kind of second mortgage. It’s a revolving line of credit, but it is secured by your home, just as your mortgage is, and if you default on it, you risk losing your home.

Can you refinance a second mortgage?

You may be able to refinance a second mortgage, either on its own or in combination with your primary mortgage. If you’re interested in the combination refi, one major factor that determines whether you can refinance a second mortgage along with the first is whether you’ll have the 20% equity typically required.

Does a second mortgage hurt your credit?

You may be wondering, “What does it mean to take out a second mortgage when it comes to your credit?” Shopping for a second mortgage can cause a small dip in an applicant’s credit score, but the score will probably rebound within a year if you make on-time mortgage payments.

How much can you borrow on a second mortgage?

Many lenders will allow you to take about 85% of your home equity in a second mortgage. Some allow more.

How long does it take to get a second mortgage?

Applying for and obtaining a HELOC or home equity loan takes an average of two to six weeks.

What are alternatives to getting a second mortgage?

A personal loan is one alternative to a second mortgage. A cash-out refinance is another.

Can you have multiple second mortgages?

In theory you can have more than one second mortgage on the same property, but in practice it may be difficult. Lenders may subject your application to extra scrutiny or simply have a policy against it. If you buy a vacation property, it may be possible to get a second mortgage as well as a primary mortgage loan for the second home in addition to your primary and secondary mortgage on your primary residence.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

^²SoFi Bank, N.A. NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC), offers loans directly or we may assist you in obtaining a loan from SpringEQ, a state licensed lender, NMLS #1464945.
All loan terms, fees, and rates may vary based upon your individual financial and personal circumstances and state.
You should consider and discuss with your loan officer whether a Cash Out Refinance, Home Equity Loan or a Home Equity Line of Credit is appropriate. Please note that the SoFi member discount does not apply to Home Equity Loans or Lines of Credit not originated by SoFi Bank. Terms and conditions will apply. Before you apply, please note that not all products are offered in all states, and all loans are subject to eligibility restrictions and limitations, including requirements related to loan applicant’s credit, income, property, and a minimum loan amount. Lowest rates are reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. Products, rates, benefits, terms, and conditions are subject to change without notice. Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria. Information current as of 06/27/24.
In the event SoFi serves as broker to Spring EQ for your loan, SoFi will be paid a fee.

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

SOHL-Q325-028

Cyclical investing means understanding how various stock sectors react to economic changes. A cyclical stock is one that’s closely correlated to what’s happening with the economy at any given time. The performance of non-cyclical stocks, however, is typically not as closely tied to economic movements.

Investing in cyclical stocks and non-cyclical stocks may help to provide balance and diversification in a portfolio. This in turn may help investors to better manage risk as the economy moves through different cycles of growth and contraction.

Cyclical vs Non-Cyclical Stocks

There are some clear differences between cyclical vs. non-cyclical stocks, as outlined:

A cyclical investing strategy can involve choosing both cyclical and non-cyclical stocks. In terms of how they react to economic changes, they’re virtual opposites.

Cyclical stocks are characterized as being:

•   Strong performers during periods of economic growth

•   Associated with goods or services consumers tend to spend more money on during growth periods

•   Highly sensitive to shifting economic cycles

•   More volatile than non-cyclical stocks

When the economy is doing well a cyclical stock tends to follow suit. Share prices may increase, along with profitability. If a cyclical stock pays dividends, that can result in a higher dividend yield for investors.

Non-cyclical stocks, on the other hand, share these characteristics:

•   Tend to (but don’t always) perform well during periods of economic contraction

•   Associated with goods or services that consumers consider essential

•   Less sensitive to changing economic environments

•   Lower volatility overall

A non-cyclical stock isn’t completely immune from the effects of a slowing economy. But compared to cyclical stocks, they’re typically less of a roller-coaster ride for investors in terms of how they perform during upturns or downturns. A good example of a non-cyclical industry is utilities, since people need to keep the lights on and the water running even during economic downturns.


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Cyclical Stocks

In the simplest terms, cyclical stocks are stocks that closely follow the movements of the economic cycle. The economy is not static; instead, it moves through various cycles. There are four stages to the economic cycle:

•   Expansion. At this stage, the economy is in growth mode, with new jobs being created and company profits increasing. This phase can last for several years.

•   Peak. In the peak stage of the economic cycle, growth begins to hit a plateau. Inflation may begin to increase at this stage.

•   Contraction. During a period of contraction, the economy shrinks rather than grows. Unemployment rates may increase, though inflation may be on the decline. The length of a contraction period can depend on the circumstances which lead to it.

•   Trough. The trough period is the lowest point in the economic cycle and is a precursor to the beginning of a new phase of expansion.

Understanding the various stages of the economic cycle is key to answering the question of what are cyclical stocks. For example, a cyclical stock may perform well when the economy is booming. But if the economy enters a downturn, that same stock might decline as well.

Examples of Cyclical Industry Stocks

Cyclical stocks most often represent companies that make or provide things that consumers spend money on when they have more discretionary income.

For example, that includes things like:

•   Entertainment companies

•   Travel websites

•   Airlines

•   Retail stores

•   Concert promoters

•   Technology companies

•   Car manufacturers

•   Restaurants

The industries range from travel and tourism to consumer goods. But they share a common thread, in terms of how their stocks tend to perform during economic highs and lows.

Examples of Non-Cyclical Industry Stocks

Non-cyclical industry stocks would be shares of companies that are more insulated from economic downturns than their cyclical counterparts. It may be easier to think of them as companies that are probably going to see sales no matter what is happening in the overall economy. That might include:

•   Food producers and grocers

•   Consumer staples

•   Gasoline and energy companies

Cyclical Stock Sectors

The stock market is divided into 11 sectors, each of which represents a variety of industries and sub-industries. Some are cyclical sectors, while others are non-cyclical. The cyclical sectors include:

Consumer Discretionary

The consumer discretionary sector includes stocks that are related to “non-essential” goods and services. So some of the companies you might find in this sector include those in the hospitality or tourism industries, retailers, media companies and apparel companies. This sector is cyclical because consumers tend to spend less in these areas when the economy contracts.

Financials

The financial sector spans companies that are related to financial services in some way. That includes banking, financial advisory services and insurance. Financials can take a hit during an economic downturn if interest rates fall, since that can reduce profits from loans or lines of credit.

Industrials

The industrial sector covers companies that are involved in the production, manufacture or distribution of goods. Construction companies and auto-makers fall into this category and generally do well during periods of growth when consumers spend more on homes or cars.

Information Technology

The tech stock sector is one of the largest cyclical sectors, covering companies that are involved in everything from the development of new technology to the manufacture and sale of computer hardware and software. This sector can decline during economic slowdowns if consumers cut back spending on electronics or tech.

Materials

The materials sector includes industries and companies that are involved in the sourcing, development or distribution of raw materials. That can include things like lumber and chemicals, as well as investing in precious metals. Stocks in this sector can also be referred to as commodities.

Cyclical Investing Strategies

Investing in cyclical stocks or non-cyclical stocks requires some knowledge about how each one works, depending on what’s happening with the economy. While timing the market is virtually impossible, it’s possible to invest cyclically so that one is potentially making gains while minimizing losses as the economy changes.

For investors interested in cyclical investing, it helps to consider things like:

•   Which cyclical and non-cyclical sectors you want to gain exposure to

•   How individual stocks within those sectors tend to perform when the economy is growing or contracting

•   How long you plan to hold on to individual stocks

•   Your risk tolerance and risk capacity (i.e. the amount of risk you’re comfortable with versus the amount of risk you need to take to realize your target returns)

•   Where the economy is, in terms of expansion, peak, contraction, or trough

For example, swing trading is one strategy an experienced investor might employ to try and capitalize on market movements. With swing trading, you’re investing over shorter time periods to attempt to see gains from swings in stock prices. Short-term trading, however, is considered high risk given the potential for seeing losses, and requires investors to be familiar with risk mitigation strategies. Swing trading relies on technical analysis to help identify trends in stock pricing, though you may also choose to consider a company’s fundamentals if you’re interested in investing for the longer term.

How to Invest in Cyclical Stocks

Investors can invest in cyclical stocks the same way they do any other type of stock: Purchasing them through a brokerage account, or from an exchange.

One way to simplify cyclical investing is to choose one or more cyclical and non-cyclical exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Investing in ETFs can simplify diversification and may help to mitigate some of the risk of owning stocks through various economic cycles.

Recommended: How to Trade ETFs: A Guide for Retail Investors

The Takeaway

Cyclical stocks tend to follow the economic cycle, rising in value when the economy is booming, then dropping when the economy hits a downturn. Non-cyclical stocks, on the other hand, tend to behave the opposite way, and aren’t necessarily as affected by the overall economy.

Investing around economic cycles can be a viable strategy, but it has its potential pitfalls. Investors who do their homework may be able to successfully invest around economic cycles, but it’s important to consider the risks involved.

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FAQ

What are indicators of cyclical stocks?

A few examples of indicators of cyclical stocks include the earnings per share data reported by public companies, which can give insight into the health of the economy, along with beta (a measure of volatility of returns) and price-to-earnings ratios.

What is the difference between cyclicality vs seasonality?

While similar, cyclicality and seasonality differ in their frequency. Seasonality refers to events or trends that are observed annually, or every year, whereas cyclicality, or cyclical variations, can occur much less often than that.

How do you mitigate the risk of investing in cyclical stocks?

Investors can use numerous strategies to help mitigate the risk of investing in cyclical stocks, such as sector rotation and dollar-cost averaging.

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