InvestLL Archives | Page 8 of 78

Feb

2024

Margin Account: What It Is and How It Works

By Kate Ashford | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off

Margin accounts give investors the ability to borrow money from a brokerage to make bigger trades or investments than they would have been able to make otherwise. Just as you can borrow money against the equity in your home, you can also borrow money against the value of certain investments in your portfolio.

This is called margin lending, and it happens within a margin account, which is a type of account you can get at a brokerage. Most brokerages offer the option of making a taxable account a margin account. Tax-advantaged retirement accounts, such as traditional IRAs or Roth IRAs, generally are not eligible for margin trading.

What Is a Margin Account?

As mentioned, a margin account is used for margin trading, which involves borrowing money from a brokerage to fund trades or investments.A margin account allows you to borrow from the brokerage to purchase securities that are worth more than the cash you have on hand. In this case, the cash or securities already in your account act as your collateral.

Margin accounts are generally considered to be more appropriate for experienced investors, since trading on margin means taking on additional costs and risks.

When defining a margin account, it helps to understand its counterpart — the cash account. With a cash brokerage account, you can only buy as many investments as you can cover with cash. If you have $10,000 in your account, you can buy $10,000 of stock.

Margin Account Rules and Regulations

When it comes to margin accounts, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), FINRA, and other bodies have set some rules:

• Minimum margin: There is a minimum margin requirement before you can start trading on margin. FINRA requires that you deposit the lesser of $2,000 or 100% of the purchase price of the stocks you plan to purchase on margin.

• Initial margin: Your margin buying power has limits — generally you can borrow up to 50% of the cost of the securities you plan to buy. This means, for example, that if you have $10,000 in your margin account, you can effectively purchase up to $20,000 of securities on margin. You would spend $10,000 of your own money and borrow the other 50% from the brokerage. (You can also borrow much less than this.) Your buying power varies, depending on the value of your portfolio on any given day.

• Maintenance margin: Once you’ve bought investments on margin, regulators require that you keep a specific balance in your margin account. Under FINRA rules, your equity in the account must not fall below 25% of the current market value of the securities in the account. If your equity drops below this level, either because you withdrew money or because your investments have fallen in value, you may get a margin call from your brokerage.

Example of a Margin Account

An example of using a margin account could look like this: Say you have a margin account with $5,000 in cash in it. This allows you to use 50% more in margin, so you actually have $10,000 in purchasing power – you are able to actually make a trade for $10,000 in securities, using $5,000 in margin.

In effect, margin extends your purchasing power as an investor, and you’re not obligated to use it all.

💡 Quick Tip: When you’re actively investing in stocks, it’s important to ask what types of fees you might have to pay. For example, brokers may charge a flat fee for trading stocks, or require some commission for every trade. Taking the time to manage investment costs can be beneficial over the long term.

Increase your buying power with a margin loan from SoFi.

Borrow against your current investments at just 11%* and start margin trading.

*For full margin details, see terms.

Benefits of a Margin Account

For an experienced investor who enjoys day trading, having a margin account and trading on margin can have some advantages:

• More purchase power. A margin account allows an investor to buy more investments than they could with cash. That might lead to higher returns, since they’re buying more securities and may be able to diversify their investments in different ways.

• A safety net. Just as an emergency fund offers access to cash when you need it, so does a margin account. If you need funds but you don’t want to sell investments at their current price point, you can take a margin loan for short-term cash needs.

• You can leave your losers alone. In another scenario, if you need cash but your investments aren’t doing so well, taking a margin loan allows you to keep your securities where they are instead of selling them right now at a loss.

• No loan repayment schedule. There is no repayment schedule for a margin loan, so you can repay it at any rate you please, as long as your equity in the account maintains the proper threshold. Monthly interest will accrue, however, and be added to your account.

• Potentially deductible interest. There may be tax situations in which the interest in a margin loan can be used to offset taxable income. A tax professional will tell you whether this is a move you can consider.

Drawbacks of a Margin Account

Despite the advantages, using a margin account has risks. Here are some things to consider before trading on margin:

• You could lose substantially. While it’s possible that trading on margin can help realize greater returns if an investment does well, you will also see greater losses if an investment takes a dive. And even if an investment you’ve purchased on margin loses all of its value, you’ll still owe the margin loan back to the brokerage — plus interest.

• There may be a margin call. If your investments tank, it’s possible that you’ll have to sell securities or deposit additional funds to bring your account back up to the required margin threshold. It’s also possible for a brokerage to sell securities from your account without alerting you.

How to Open a Margin Account

Opening a margin account is as simple as opening a cash account, but you’ll likely need to sign a margin agreement with your brokerage. You may also need to request margin for your account, depending on the brokerage.

But there are some other things to keep in mind.

If you’re a beginner investor, a cash account gives you an opportunity to learn how to trade and invest, and there’s a low level of risk. If you’re a more experienced investor and fully understand the risks of trading on margin, a margin account may offer the opportunity to expand and diversify your investments.

Some financial advisors suggest that clients open margin accounts in case they need cash in a hurry. For instance, if you need money quickly, it takes time to sell investments and for the money to be deposited in your account. If you have a margin account, you can take a margin loan while your securities are being sold. Typically, margin accounts don’t carry any additional fees as long as you aren’t borrowing on margin.

You also need a margin account for short selling. With short selling, you borrow a stock in your brokerage account and sell it for its current price. If the price of the stock falls — which you’re betting will happen — you repurchase shares of the stock and return it to the original owner, pocketing the difference in price.

Like trading on margin, short selling is a strategy for experienced investors and comes with a large amount of risk.

Things to Know About Margin Accounts

Here are a few other things to keep in mind about margin accounts.

Margin Calls

Margin calls are a risk. If the equity in your margin account drops below a certain threshold, you may get an alert from your brokerage, called a margin call. This is meant to spur you to either deposit more money into your account or sell some securities to bolster the equity that’s acting as collateral for your margin loan.

It’s worth noting that if your investment value drops quickly or significantly, you may find that your brokerage has sold some of your securities without notifying you. Commonly, investors are forced by a margin call to sell investments at an inopportune time — such as when the investment is priced at less than you paid for it. This is an inherent risk of trading on margin.

Margin Costs

Investors should also know about relevant margin costs. When you borrow money from the brokerage to buy securities, you are essentially taking out a loan, and the brokerage will charge interest. Margin interest rates are different from company to company, and may be somewhat higher than rates on other kinds of loans.

Consider interest costs when you’re thinking about your margin trading plan. If you use margin for long-term investing, interest costs can affect your returns. And holding investments on margin means the value of your securities must hold steady.

💡 Quick Tip: Look for an online brokerage with low trading commissions as well as no account minimum. Higher fees can cut into investment returns over time.

How to Manage Margin Account Risk

If you decide to open a margin account, there are steps you can take to try to minimize the amount of risk you’re taking by leveraging your trading:

• Skip the dodgy investments. Trading on margin works if you’re earning more than you’re paying in margin interest. Speculative investments can be a risky portfolio move, since a swift loss in value can result in a margin call.

• Watch your interest costs. Although there is no formal repayment schedule for a margin loan, you’re still accruing interest and you are responsible for paying it back over time. Regular payments on interest can help you stay on track.

• Maintain some emergency cash. Having a cushion of cash in your margin account gives you a little wiggle room to keep from facing a margin call.

The Takeaway

A margin account is an account that lets you borrow against the cash or securities you own, to invest in more securities. As with other lending vehicles, margin accounts do charge interest.

While margin accounts do come with risk — including the risk of losing more money than you originally had, plus interest on what you borrowed — they also offer benefits including more purchasing power and a safety net for short-term cash needs. If you’re unsure about using a margin account, it may be worthwhile to discuss it with a financial professional.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.

FAQ

Is a margin account right for me?

A margin account may be a good tool for a specific investor if they’re comfortable taking on additional risks and investment costs, but also want to extend their purchasing power.

How much money do you need to open a margin account?

Before opening a trading account, investors will need a minimum of $2,000 in their brokerage account, per regulator rules.

Is a margin account taxable?

Any capital gains earned by using a margin account will be subject to capital gains tax, and the ultimate rate will depend on a few factors.

Should a beginner use a margin account?

It may be best for a beginner to stick to a cash account until they learn the ropes in the markets, as using a margin account can incur additional risks and costs.

Who qualifies for a margin account?

Most investors qualify for a margin account, granted they can reach the minimum margin requirements set forth by regulators, such as having $2,000 in their brokerage account.

What’s the difference between a cash account and a margin account?

A cash account only contains an investor’s funds, while a margin account offers investors additional purchasing power by giving them the ability to borrow money from their brokerage to make bigger trades.

SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $25 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.

SOIN0124037

Feb

2024

Margin Calls: Defined and Explained

By Inyoung Hwang | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off

Table of Contents

What Is a Margin Call?
How Do Margin Calls Work?
Example of Margin Call
Margin Call Formula
2 Steps to Cover a Margin Call
How Long Do I Have to Cover a Margin Call?
Tips on Avoiding Margin Calls

A margin call is when an investor is required to add cash or sell investments to maintain a certain level of equity in a margin account if the value of the account decreases too much.

Margin trading — when an investor borrows money from a brokerage firm to enhance trades — is a risky endeavor. Placing bets with borrowed funds can boost gains but can also supercharge losses. Brokers require traders to keep a minimum balance in their margin accounts for this reason.

If the margin account dips below a certain threshold, this is when the brokerage firm will issue a margin call. A margin call is one of several risks associated with margin trading.

Margin calls are designed to protect both the brokerage and the client from bigger losses. Here’s a closer look at how margin calls work, as well as how to avoid or cover a margin call

Key Points

• A margin call occurs when an investor must contribute cash or sell investments to uphold a specific equity level in their margin account.

• Margin trading involves borrowing money from a brokerage firm to enhance trades, but it comes with risks.

• If the equity in a margin account falls below the maintenance margin, a margin call is issued by the brokerage firm.

• Margin calls are designed to protect both the brokerage and the client from bigger losses.

• To cover a margin call, investors can deposit cash or securities into the margin account or sell securities to meet the requirements.

What Is a Margin Call?

A margin call is when a brokerage firm demands that an investor add cash or equity into their margin account because it has dipped below the required amount. The margin call usually follows a loss in the value of investments bought with borrowed money from a brokerage, known as margin debt.

A house call, sometimes called a maintenance call, is a type of margin call. A brokerage firm will issue the house call when the market value of assets in a trader’s margin account falls below the required maintenance margin — the minimum amount of equity a trader must hold in their margin account.

If the investor fails to honor the margin call, meaning they do not add cash or equity into their account, the brokerage can sell the investor’s assets without notice to cover the shortfall in the account. This entails a high level of responsibility and potential risk, which is why margin trading is primarily for experienced investors, not for investing beginners.

💡 Quick Tip: How do you decide if a certain trading platform or app is right for you? Ideally, the investment platform you choose offers the features that you need for your investment goals or strategy, e.g., an easy-to-use interface, data analysis, educational tools.

How Do Margin Calls Work?

When the equity in an investor’s margin account falls below the maintenance margin, a brokerage firm will issue a margin call. Maintenance margins requirements differ from broker to broker.

Additionally, regulatory bodies like the Federal Reserve and FINRA have rules for account minimums that all firms and investors must follow to limit risk and leverage.

Regulation T

The Federal Reserve Board’s Regulation T states that the initial margin level should be at least 50% of the market value of all securities in the margin account. The minimum equity amount must be valued at 50% or more of the margin account’s total value. For example, a $10,000 trade would require an investor to use $5,000 of their own cash for the transaction.

Recommended: Regulation T (Reg T): All You Need to Know

FINRA

The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) requires that investors have a maintenance margin level of at least 25% of the market value of all securities in the account after they purchase on margin. For example, in a $10,000 trade, the investor must maintain $2,500 in their margin account. If the investment value dips below $2,500, the investor would be subject to a margin call.

Example of Margin Call

Here is how a margin trade works. Suppose an investor wants to buy 200 shares of a stock at $50 each for an investment that totals $10,000. He or she puts up $5,000 while the brokerage firm lends the remaining $5,000.

FINRA rules and the broker require that the investor hold 25% of the total stock value in his or her account at all times — this is the maintenance requirement. So the investor would need to maintain $2,500 in his or her brokerage account. The investor currently achieves this since there’s $5,000 from the initial investment.

If the stock’s shares fall to $30 each, the value of the investment drops to $6,000. The broker would then take $4,000 from the investor’s account, leaving just $1,000. That would be below the $1,500 required, or 25% of the total $6,000 value in the account.

That would trigger a margin call of $500, or the difference between the $1,000 left in the account and the $1,500 required to maintain the margin account. Normally, a broker will allow two to five days for the investors to cover the margin call. In addition, the investor would also owe interest on the original loan amount of $5,000.

Increase your buying power with a margin loan from SoFi.

Borrow against your current investments at just 11%* and start margin trading.

*For full margin details, see terms.

Margin Call Formula

Here’s how to calculate a margin call:

Margin call amount = (Value of investments multiplied by the percentage margin requirement) minus (Amount of investor equity left in margin account)

Here’s the formula using the hypothetical investor example above:

$500 = ($6000 x 0.25%) – ($1,000)

Investors can also calculate the share price at which he or she would be required to post additional funds.

Margin call price = Initial purchase price times (1-borrowed percentage/1-margin requirement percentage)

Again, here’s the formula using the hypothetical case above:

$33.33 / share = $50 x (1-0.50/1-0.25)

💡 Quick Tip: When you trade using a margin account, you’re using leverage — i.e. borrowed funds that increase your purchasing power. Remember that whatever you borrow you must repay, with interest.

2 Steps to Cover a Margin Call

When investors receive a margin call, there are only two options:

1. They can deposit cash into the margin account so that the level of funds is back above the maintenance margin requirement. Investors can also deposit securities that aren’t margined.

2. Investors can also sell the securities that are margined in order to meet requirements.

In a worst case scenario, the broker can sell off securities to cover the debt.

How Long Do I Have to Cover a Margin Call?

Brokerage firms are not required to give investors a set amount of time. As mentioned in the example above, a brokerage firm normally gives customers two to five days to meet a margin call. However, the time given to provide additional funds can differ from broker to broker.

In addition, during volatile times in the market, which is also when margin calls are more likely to occur, a broker has the right to sell securities in a customer’s trading account shortly after issuing the margin call. Investors won’t have the right to weigh in on the price at which those securities are sold. This means investors may have to settle their accounts by the next trading day.

Tips on Avoiding Margin Calls

The best way to avoid a margin call is to avoid trading on margin or having a margin account. Trading on margin should be reserved for investors with the time and sophistication to monitor their portfolios properly and take on the risk of substantial losses. Investors who trade on margin can do a few things to avoid a margin call.

• Understand margin trading: Investors can understand how margin trading works and know their broker’s maintenance margin requirements.

• Track the market: Investors can monitor the volatility of the stock, bond, or whatever security they are investing in to ensure their margin account doesn’t dip below the maintenance margin.

• Keep extra cash on hand: Investors can set aside money to fulfill the potential margin call and calculate the lowest security price at which their broker might issue a call.

• Utilize limit orders: Investors can use order types that may help protect them from a margin call, such as a limit order.

The Takeaway

While margin trading allows investors to amplify their purchases in markets, margin calls could result in substantial losses, with the investor paying more than he or she initially invested. Margin calls occur when the level of cash in an investor’s trading account falls below a fixed level required by the brokerage firm.

Investors can then deposit cash or securities to bring the margin account back up to the required value, or they can sell securities in order to raise the cash they need.

If you’re an experienced trader and have the risk tolerance to try out trading on margin, consider enabling a SoFi margin account. With a SoFi margin account, experienced investors can take advantage of more investment opportunities, and potentially increase returns. That said, margin trading is a high-risk endeavor, and using margin loans can amplify losses as well as gains.

Get one of the most competitive margin loan rates with SoFi, 11%*

FAQ

How can you satisfy your margin call in margin trading?

A trader can satisfy a margin call by depositing cash or securities in their account or selling some securities in the margin account to pay down part of the margin loan.

How are fed and house calls different?

A fed call, or a federal call, occurs when an investor’s margin account does not have enough equity to meet the 50% equity retirement outlined in Regulation T. In contrast, a house call happens when an investor’s margin equity dips below the maintenance margin.

How much time do you have to satisfy a margin call?

It depends on the broker. In some circumstances, a broker will demand that a trader satisfy the margin call immediately. The broker will allow two to five days to meet the margin call at other times.

SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

*Borrow at 10%. Utilizing a margin loan is generally considered more appropriate for experienced investors as there are additional costs and risks associated. It is possible to lose more than your initial investment when using margin. Please see SoFi.com/wealth/assets/documents/brokerage-margin-disclosure-statement.pdf for detailed disclosure information.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOIN0123023

Feb

2024

How to Invest in Stocks: A Beginner’s Guide for Getting Started

By Krystal Etienne | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off

Stocks are shares of ownership in a company. To start investing in stocks, you would find a company that you like and think might grow in value and then purchase its stock through a brokerage account. If the stock price rises, you could sell your shares and potentially make a profit — or not if share prices decline.

Of course, when it comes to investing for beginners, you need to learn some basics to invest in stocks and do it well. Thanks to technology and various educational resources, you can get started using an app or online brokerage account and learn as you go. It has never been easier to build investing confidence as you gain experience. Here is a step-by-step guide for those who want to start investing in stocks now.

Key Points

• Stocks represent shares of ownership in a company and can be purchased through a brokerage account.

• Before investing in stocks, determine your investing approach and consider your time horizon.

• Different ways to invest in stocks include self-managed investing, using a financial advisor, or utilizing robo-advisors.

• The amount you invest in stocks depends on your budget and financial goals.

• Choose stocks based on thorough research, including analyzing a company’s financial statements and valuation metrics.

How to Start Investing in Stocks: 5 Steps

1. Determine Your Investing Approach

Before you get started investing in stocks, you need to determine your investing approach. Because every person has unique financial goals and risk tolerances, there is no one-size-fits-all strategy to begin investing in the stock market.

Most people will need to decide whether they want a hands-on approach to investing or whether they’d like to outsource their wealth building to some sort of financial advisor.

Additionally, investors need to consider their time horizons before investing in stocks. Some investors want to invest long-term — buying and holding assets to build wealth for retirement. In contrast, other investors are more interested in short-term trading, buying and selling stocks daily or weekly to make a quick profit. The type of investor you want to be will help determine what kind of stocks you should buy and your investing approach.

The Different Ways to Invest in the Stock Market

Fortunately, various options are available for every type of investor as they begin to invest in stocks.

As mentioned above, some investors like to have a hands-on approach to investing. These investors want to make decisions on their own, picking what stocks are right for them and building a portfolio from the ground up. This self-managed strategy can be time-consuming but an excellent option for investors who have a general understanding of the markets or would like to learn more about them.

Other investors like to have experts, like a money manager, manage the investing process for them. While this investing approach may cost more than doing it yourself, it can be an ideal choice for individuals who do not have the time or energy to devote to financial decision-making.

2. Decide How Much you Will Invest in Stocks

How much you invest depends entirely on your budget and financial goals. Many financial experts recommend saving between 10% and 15% of your after-tax annual income, either in a savings account or by investing. With that guideline in mind, you may decide to invest with whatever you can comfortably afford.

Fortunately, it’s much easier to invest these days, even if you only have a few bucks at a time. Many brokerage firms offer low or no trading fees or commissions, so you can make stock trades without worrying about investment fees eating into the money you decide to invest.

Additionally, many brokerage firms offer fractional share investing, which allows investors to buy smaller amounts of a stock they like. Instead of purchasing one stock at the value for which the stock is currently trading — which could be $1,000 or more — fractional share investing makes it possible to buy a portion of one stock. Investors can utilize this to use whatever dollar amount they have available to purchase stocks.

For example, if you only have $50 available to invest and want to buy stock XYZ trading at $500 per share, fractional share investing allows you to buy 10% of XYZ for $50.

Asset Allocation

Asset allocation involves spreading your money across different types of investments, like stock, bonds, and cash, in order to balance risk and reward. Determining a portfolio’s asset allocation can vary from person to person, based on financial goals and risk tolerance.

Asset allocation is closely tied with portfolio diversification. Diversification means spreading one’s money across a range of assets. Generally, it’s like taking the age-old advice of not putting all your eggs in one basket. An investor can’t avoid risk entirely, but diversifying their investments can help mitigate the risk one asset class poses.

3. Open an Investment Account

Once you determine your investing approach and how much money you can invest, you’ll need to open a brokerage account to buy and sell shares of companies or whatever other assets you’d like to invest in.

Several investment accounts might make sense for you, depending on your comfort level in managing your investments and your long-term financial goals.

Professional option: Full-service brokerages

Many investors may use traditional brokerage firms, also known as full-service brokerages, to buy and sell stocks and other securities. A full-service brokerage offers additional services beyond just buying and selling stocks, such as investment advice, wealth management, and estate planning. Typically, full-service brokerages provide these services at high overall costs, while discount and online brokerages maintain scaled-down services with lower overall costs.

A full-service brokerage account may not be the best option for investors just getting started investing in stocks. These firms often require substantial account minimum balances to open an account. This option may be out of reach for most in the early stages of their investing journey.

Do-it-yourself option: Online brokerage

An online brokerage account is ideal for most beginning investors looking to have a hands-on approach to trading stocks and building a financial portfolio. Many online brokers offer services with the convenience of an app, which can make investing more streamlined. If you feel confident or curious about how to start investing at a lower cost than a full-service brokerage firm, opening an account with an online broker could be a great place to start.

Hands-off, automated option: Robo-advisor

If you’re interested in investing but want some help setting up a basic portfolio, opening an investment account with a robo-advisor might be best for you. A robo-advisor uses a sophisticated computer algorithm to help you pick and manage investments. These automated accounts generally don’t offer individual stocks; instead, they build a portfolio with a mix of exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Nonetheless, it’s a way to become more familiar with investing.

Retirement option: 401(k) and IRAs

Retirement accounts like employer-sponsored 401(k)s or individual retirement accounts (IRAs) are tax-advantaged investment accounts that can be great for the beginning investor trying to build a retirement nest egg. These accounts offer investors a range of investment choices, including individual stocks. You may also have access to tutorials, advisors, or other resources to help you learn how to start investing in these accounts.

💡 Ready to start retirement investing? Consider opening an IRA online.

Tip: Compare Costs and Features

No matter where you decide to open your investment account, be sure to research and compare costs and features within the account. For example, many brokerage accounts charge investment fees and commissions for making trades. Although investment costs can be quite low — and you can trade stocks without paying a commission — any investment fee can add up over time and ultimately reduce your overall investment returns.

Additionally, it helps to check if the investment account requires a minimum deposit to open an account. A minimum deposit can be a barrier to getting started for the beginning investor who doesn’t have much money to invest. However, many firms do not have minimum deposit requirements any longer.

4. Choose Your Stocks

Deciding what individual stocks to invest in can be challenging for most investors. There are countless ways to evaluate stocks before you buy.

Before choosing your stocks, you generally want to do a deep dive into a company’s inner workings to understand the company’s overall valuation and the stock’s share price.

As a beginning investor, you want to get comfortable reading a company’s balance sheet and other financial statements. All publicly-traded companies must file this information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), so you shouldn’t have trouble finding these financials.

One of the most fundamental metrics for understanding a stock’s value compared to company profits is its price-to-earnings (PE) ratio. Others include the price-to-sales (PS) ratio and the price/earnings-to-growth (PEG) ratio, which may be helpful for companies that have little to no profits but are expanding their businesses quickly.

These metrics, and other financial ratios, can help you determine what stocks to buy. And the advantage of owning individual stocks is that you can get direct exposure to a company you believe has the potential to grow based on your research. The downside, of course, is that investing doesn’t come with guarantees, and your stock’s value could decline even with thorough research.

💡 Recommended: 15 Technical Indicators for Stock Trading

5. Continue Building Your Portfolio

After you’ve decided what stocks to invest in, you generally want to continue building a portfolio that will help you meet your financial goals.

One way to bolster your portfolio is by buying mutual funds and ETFs rather than individual stocks. A benefit to investing in funds that hold stocks is that you can avoid some of the risks of being invested in individual stocks that may not perform well.

Whether investing in individual stocks or funds, you may want to consider the level of diversification in your portfolio that feels right for you. There is no consensus about the right way to diversify investments. For one person, ideal diversification could mean owning 20 stocks in different industries. For another, it could mean owning the “whole” market via a handful of mutual funds.

Once you get more comfortable investing in stocks and funds, you can employ numerous other investing strategies. You can add various securities, like bonds, commodities, and crypto, to your portfolio.

The Takeaway

Historically, investing in the stock market has been a way for some individuals to build personal wealth. These days, it’s never been easier for new investors considering getting into stocks to start. Whether you choose to work with a financial advisor or use an online broker or app, there are several ways to find a method that makes stock investing easy, fun, and potentially profitable. Of course, there are no guarantees, so it’s wise to take a step-by-step approach, start small if you prefer, do some research using the many resources available, and see what comes as you gain experience and confidence.

Investors can open an online investing account with SoFi Invest® to trade individual stocks, ETFs, or fractional shares with no commissions. Additionally, SoFi’s Automated Investing builds, manages, and rebalances portfolios with no SoFi management fee for those interested in investing in stocks through a more hands-off approach.

Start investing with your SoFi Invest account today.

FAQ

How do I invest $100?

You can invest $100 by opening an investing account that does not require a minimum account balance and purchasing shares of a stock or ETF that are less than $100. You can also use your funds to purchase fractional shares of whatever stocks you want to own.

How do I open a brokerage account?

You’ll need to take a few steps to open a brokerage account. First, you’ll need to find a broker that fits your needs. Once you’ve found a broker, you’ll need to complete an application and submit it to the broker. The broker will then review your application and, if approved, will open an account for you.

What is the S&P 500?

The Standard and Poor’s 500, commonly known as the S&P 500, is an American stock market index based on the market capitalizations of 500 large companies having common stock listed on the NYSE or NASDAQ stock exchanges. It is one of the most commonly followed stock market indices in the United States, along with the Dow Jones Industrial Average and Nasdaq Composite.

SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Stock Bits
Stock Bits is a brand name of the fractional trading program offered by SoFi Securities LLC. When making a fractional trade, you are granting SoFi Securities discretion to determine the time and price of the trade. Fractional trades will be executed in our next trading window, which may be several hours or days after placing an order. The execution price may be higher or lower than it was at the time the order was placed.
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Feb

2024

What Is Liquidity In Stocks?

By Austin Kilham | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off

Liquidity in stocks generally refers to how quickly an investment can be bought or sold and converted into cash. The easier an investment is to sell, the more liquid it is. Plus, liquid investments generally do not charge large fees when you need to access your money.

For the average investor, liquidity is an important consideration when building a portfolio, as it’s an indicator of how easy it is to access their savings. That can be important to know and understand when sizing up your overall strategy.

Key Points

• Liquidity in stocks refers to how quickly an investment can be bought or sold and converted into cash.

• Market liquidity refers to how quickly a stock can be turned into cash, while accounting liquidity relates to meeting financial obligations.

• Stocks are generally considered liquid assets, but some stocks may be less liquid, especially those traded on foreign exchanges.

• Share turnover and bid-ask spread are metrics used to assess a stock’s liquidity.

• Liquidity risk is the risk of not finding a buyer or seller for assets, which can affect prices.

Types of Liquidity

Liquidity comes in two forms: Market liquidity and accounting liquidity. Here’s how the two are different.

Market Liquidity

Market liquidity refers to how quickly a stock can be turned into cash. High market liquidity means there’s a high supply and demand for an asset. That, in turn, makes it easy for buyers to find sellers and vice versa. As a result, transactions can be completed quickly, even when stock values are dropping.

Accounting Liquidity

Accounting liquidity is related to an individual’s or company’s ability to meet their financial obligations, such as regular bills or debt payments.

For an individual, being liquid means they have enough cash or marketable assets (such as stocks) on hand to meet their obligations.

Companies measure liquidity slightly differently by comparing current assets and debt. In addition to cash and marketable assets, current assets also include inventories and accounts receivable, the money customers owe on credit for goods or services they’ve purchased.

Investors may pay attention to company liquidity if they are researching that company’s stock as a potential buy. Companies with higher liquidity may be in better shape than those in risk of defaulting on their debt.

💡 Quick Tip: Before opening any investment account, consider what level of risk you are comfortable with. If you’re not sure, start with more conservative investments, and then adjust your portfolio as you learn more.

How Liquid Are Different Assets?

An investor’s financial portfolio may be made up of a number of different assets of varying liquidities, including cash, stocks, bonds, real estate, and savings vehicles like certificates of deposit (CDs). Cash is the most liquid asset; there is nothing an investor needs to do to convert it into spendable currency.

On the other hand, an investment property is an example of a relatively illiquid asset, as it might take a long time for an investor to sell it should they need access to their money.

CDs are also relatively illiquid assets because they require investors to tie up their money for a preset period of time in exchange for higher interest rates than those available in regular savings accounts. Individuals who need their money early may have to pay hefty fines to access it.

Stocks generally fall on the relatively liquid side of the liquidity spectrum. Stocks that are easy to buy and sell and said to be highly liquid. Stocks with low liquidity may be tougher to sell, and investors may take a bigger financial hit as they seek buyers.

What Is Liquidity Risk?

Liquidity risk is the risk that an individual won’t be able to find a buyer or seller for assets they wish to trade during a given period of time, which can lead to adverse effects on the price. Liquidity risk is higher for complex investments or investment vehicles like CDs that may charge penalties to liquidate or access funds early.

Are Stocks a Liquid Asset?

For the most part, stocks that are traded on a public exchange are considered liquid assets. Some stocks, like those traded on foreign exchanges, may be less liquid as it takes more time to execute a trade.

Generally speaking, when an individual wishes to execute a trade, they use a brokerage account to issue a buy or sell order. The broker then helps match the individual with other buyers and sellers hoping to take the opposite action.

This process can take a little bit of time. Most stock trades settle within a two-day period. A stock trade executed on a Wednesday would typically settle on Friday. Settlement is the official transfer of stocks from a seller’s account to the buyer’s account, and cash from the buyer to the seller.

Because it can take some time for trades to be executed, there can be a difference in price between when an individual places an order and when that order is fulfilled.

How to Calculate a Stock’s Liquidity

One way to figure out a stock’s liquidity is by looking at a metric known as share turnover. This financial ratio compares the volume of shares traded and the number of outstanding shares. A stock’s volume is the number of shares that have been bought or sold over a given period. Outstanding shares refer to all of the shares held by a company’s shareholders.

Higher share turnover indicates high liquidity; investors have an easier time buying and selling. Investors might want to pay close attention to low share turnover, as this can indicate they may have a difficult time selling shares if they need to.

Another measure of a stock’s liquidity is the bid-ask spread. Bid price is the price an individual is willing to pay at a given point in time. The ask price is the price at which a buyer is willing to sell. The bid-ask spread is the difference between the two.

For highly liquid assets, the bid-ask spread tends to be pretty small — as little as a penny. This indicates that buyers and sellers are generally in agreement over what the price of a stock should be. However, as bid-ask spread grows, it is an indication that a stock is increasingly illiquid.

A wide spread can also indicate that a trade may be much more expensive to execute. For example, there may not be enough trade volume to execute an entire order at one price. If prices are rising, an order can become increasingly pricey.

💡 Quick Tip: How to manage potential risk factors in a self directed investment account? Doing your research and employing strategies like dollar-cost averaging and diversification may help mitigate financial risk when trading stocks.

Examples of Liquid Stocks

The most liquid stocks tend to be those that receive the most interest from investors. The large companies that are tracked by the S&P 500 Index.

Why Stock Liquidity Is Important for Investors

The relative liquidity provided by stocks can be a boon to investors. Stocks help provide the growth needed for investors to meet their savings goals. They are also relatively easy to buy and sell on the market, allowing investors to access their savings quickly when they need it.

The Takeaway

Liquidity is a measure of the ability to turn assets into cash without losing value. So it’s an important metric for investors to pay attention to as they construct their portfolios. But liquidity is just one of many factors to consider when investing.

Investors may want to know how liquid their holdings are so that they can choose the appropriate mix of investments that align with their risk tolerance. It may be comforting to some to know that they can sell investments with relative ease, rather than have their money tied up for the long-term.

For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.

FAQ

What is good liquidity for a stock?

Good liquidity for a stock refers to an investor’s ability to sell the stock in exchange for cash. If a stock is liquid, then it should be relatively easy to sell. If a stock is illiquid, or has bad liquidity, it may be more difficult.

What is a “Liquidity Ratio?”

A liquidity ratio is a financial ratio that can help an investor determine a company’s ability to pay off its debt obligations, particularly in the short-term. There are several liquidity ratios that can be utilized.

Is a higher liquidity better?

Generally, yes, a higher liquidity is better for investors, as it can signal that a company is performing well, and that its stock is in demand. It can also be easier for an investor to sell that stock in exchange for cash.

Photo credit: iStock/insta_photos

Feb

2024

What Is a Roth IRA and How Does It Work?

By AJ Smith | Budgeting & Goals, invest, Terminology | No Comments

A Roth IRA is an individual retirement account that allows you to contribute after-tax dollars, and then withdraw the money tax free in retirement. A Roth IRA is different from a traditional IRA, which is a tax-deferred account: meaning, you contribute pre-tax dollars — but you owe tax on the money you withdraw later.

Many people wonder what a Roth IRA is because, although it’s similar to a traditional IRA, the two accounts have many features and restrictions that are distinct from each other. Roth accounts can be more complicated, but for many investors the promise of having tax-free income in retirement is a strong incentive for understanding how Roth IRAs work.

Key Points

• A Roth IRA is a retirement savings account that offers tax-free growth and tax-free withdrawals in retirement.

• Contributions to a Roth IRA are made with after-tax dollars, but qualified withdrawals are not subject to income tax.

• Roth IRAs have income limits for eligibility, and contribution limits that vary based on age and income.

• Unlike traditional IRAs, Roth IRAs do not require minimum distributions during the account holder’s lifetime.

• Roth IRAs can be a valuable tool for long-term retirement savings, especially for individuals who expect to be in a higher tax bracket in the future.

What Is a Roth IRA?

A Roth IRA is a retirement account for people who want to make after-tax contributions. The trade-off for paying taxes upfront is that when you retire, all of your withdrawals will be tax free, including the earnings and other gains in your account.

That said, because you’re making after-tax contributions, you can’t deduct Roth deposits from your income tax the way you can with a traditional IRA.

Understanding Contributions vs Earnings

An interesting wrinkle with a Roth IRA is that you can withdraw your contributions tax and penalty-free at any time. That’s because you’ve already paid tax on that money before initially depositing or investing it.

Withdrawing investment earnings on your money, however, is a different story. Those gains need to stay in the Roth for a minimum of five years before you can withdraw them tax free — or you could owe tax on the earnings as well as a 10% penalty.

It’s important to know how the IRS treats Roth funds so you can strategize about the timing around contributions, Roth conversions, as well as withdrawals.

Roth IRA Eligibility

Technically, anyone can open an IRA account, as long as they have earned income (i.e. taxable income). The IRS has specific criteria about what qualifies as earned income. Income from a rental property isn’t considered earned income, nor is child support, so be sure to check.

There are no age restrictions for contributing to a Roth IRA. There are age restrictions when contributing to a traditional IRA, however.

Roth IRA Annual Contribution Limits

For 2024, the annual limit is $7,000, and $8,000 for those 50 and up. The extra $1,000 is called a catch-up provision, for those closer to retirement.

For 2023, the annual contribution limits for both Roth and traditional IRAs was $6,500, or $7,500 for those 50 or older. So, there was a $500 increase in contribution limits between 2023 and 2024.

Remember that you can only contribute earned income. If you earn less than the contribution limit, you can only deposit up to the amount of money you made that year.

One exception is in the case of a spousal Roth IRA, where the working spouse can contribute to an IRA on behalf of a spouse who doesn’t have earned income.

Other Roth IRA Details

Since Roth IRAs are funded with after-tax income, contributions are not tax-deductible. One exception for low- and moderate-income individuals is something called the Saver’s Credit, which may give someone a partial tax credit for Roth contributions, assuming they meet certain income and other criteria.

Note that the deadline for IRA contributions is Tax Day of the following year. So for tax year 2023, the deadline for IRA contributions is April 15, 2024. But, if you file an extension, you cannot further postpone your IRA contribution until the extension date and have it apply to the prior year.

Roth IRA Income Restrictions

In addition, with a Roth there are important income restrictions to take into account. Higher-income individuals may not be able to contribute the full amount to a Roth IRA; some may not be eligible to contribute at all.

It’s important to know the rules and to make sure you don’t make an ineligible Roth contribution if your income is too high. Those funds would be subject to a 6% IRS penalty.

For 2023:

• You could contribute the full amount to a Roth as long as your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) was less than $138,000 (for single filers) or less than $218,000 for those married, filing jointly.

• Single people who earned more than $138,000 but less than $153,000 could contribute a reduced amount.

• Married couples who earned between $218,000 and $228,000 could also contribute a reduced amount.

For 2024 the numbers have changed and the Roth IRA income limits have increased:

• For single and joint filers: in order to contribute the full amount to a Roth you must earn less than $146,000 or $230,000, respectively.

• Single filers earning more than $146,000 but less than $161,000 can contribute a reduced amount. (If your MAGI is over $161,000 you can’t contribute to a Roth.)

• Married couples who earn between $230,000 and $240,000 can contribute a reduced amount. (But if your MAGI is over $240,000 you’re not eligible.)

If your filing status is…	If your 2023 MAGI is…	If your 2024 MAGI is…	You may contribute:
Married filing jointly or qualifying widow(er)	Up to $218,000	Up to $230,000	For 2023 $6,500 or $7,500 for those 50 and up. For 2024 $7,000 or $8,000 for those 50 and up.
	$218,000 to $228,000	$230,000 to $240,000	A reduced amount^*
	Over $228,000	Over $240,000	Cannot contribute
Single, head of household, or married filing separately (and you didn’t live with your spouse in the past year)	Up to $138,000	Up to $146,000	For 2023 $6,500 or $7,500 for those 50 and up. For 2024 $7,000 or $8,000 for those 50 and up.
	From $138,000 to $153,000	From $146,000 to $161,000	Reduced amount
	Over $153,000	Over $161,000	Cannot contribute
Married filing separately^**	Less than $10,000	Less than $10,000	Reduced amount
	Over $10,000	Over $10,000	Cannot contribute

^*Consult IRS rules regarding reduced amounts.
^**You did live with your spouse at some point during the year.

Advantages of a Roth IRA

Depending on an individual’s income and circumstances, a Roth IRA has a number of advantages.

• No age restriction on contributions. With a traditional IRA, individuals must stop making contributions at age 72. A Roth IRA works differently: Account holders can make contributions at any age as long as they have earned income for the year.

^* You can fund a Roth and a 401(k). Funding a 401(k) and a traditional IRA can be tricky, because they’re both tax-deferred accounts. But a Roth is after-tax, so you can contribute to a Roth and a 401(k) at the same time (and stick to the contribution limits for each account).

• Early withdrawal option. With a Roth IRA, an individual can generally withdraw money they’ve contributed at any time, without penalty (but not earnings on those deposits). In contrast, withdrawals from a traditional IRA before age 59 ½ may be subject to a 10% penalty.

• Qualified Roth withdrawals are tax-free. Investors who have had the Roth for at least five years, and are at least 59 ½, are eligible to take tax- and penalty-free withdrawals of contributions + earnings.

• No required minimum distributions (RMDs). Unlike IRAs, which require account holders to start withdrawing money after age 73, Roth IRAs do not have RMDs. That means an individual can withdraw the money as needed, without fear of triggering a penalty.

Disadvantages of a Roth IRA

Despite the appeal of being able to take tax-free withdrawals in retirement, or when you qualify, Roth IRAs have some disadvantages.

• No tax deduction for contributions. The primary disadvantage of a Roth IRA is that your contributions are not tax deductible, as they are with a traditional IRA and other tax-deferred accounts (e.g. a SEP IRA, 401(k), 403(b)).

• Higher earners often can’t contribute to a Roth. Affluent investors are generally excluded from Roth IRA accounts, unless they do what’s known as a backdoor Roth or a Roth conversion. (There are no income limits for converting a traditional IRA to a Roth, but you’ll have to pay taxes on the money that goes into the Roth — though you won’t face a penalty.)

• The 5-year rule applies. The 5-year rule can make withdrawals more complicated for investors who open a Roth later in life. If you open a Roth or do a Roth conversion at age 60, for example, you must wait five years to take qualified withdrawals of contributions and earnings, or face a penalty (some exceptions to this rule apply; see below).

Last, the downside with both a traditional or a Roth IRA is that the contribution limit is low. Other retirement accounts, including a SEP-IRA or 401(k), allow you to contribute far more in retirement savings. But, as noted above, you can combine saving in a 401(k) with saving in a Roth IRA as well.

Recap: Roth IRA Withdrawal Rules

Because Roth IRA withdrawal rules can be complicated, let’s review some of the ins and outs.

Qualified Distributions

Since you have already paid tax on the money you deposit, you’re able to withdraw contributions at any time, without paying taxes or a 10% early withdrawal penalty.

For example, if you’ve contributed $25,000 to a Roth over the last five years, and your investments have seen a 10% gain (or $2,500), you would have $27,500 in the account. But you could only withdraw up to $25,000 of your actual deposits.

Withdrawing any of the $2,500 in earnings would depend on your age and the 5-year rule.

The 5-Year Rule

What is the 5-year rule? You can withdraw Roth account earnings without owing tax or a penalty, as long as it has been at least five years since you first funded the account, and you are at least 59 ½. So if you start funding a Roth when you’re 60, you still have to wait five years to take qualified withdrawals.

The 5-year rule applies to everyone, no matter how old they are when they want to withdraw earnings from a Roth.

There are some exceptions that might enable you to avoid owing tax or a penalty.

Non-Qualified Withdrawals

Non-qualified withdrawals of earnings from a Roth IRA depends on your age and how long you’ve been funding the account.

• If you meet the 5-year rule, but you’re under 59 ½, you’ll owe taxes and a 10% penalty on any earnings you withdraw, except in certain cases.

• If you don’t meet the 5-year criteria, meaning you haven’t had the account for five years, and if you’re less than 59 ½ years old, in most cases you will also owe taxes and a 10% penalty.

There are some exceptions that might help you avoid paying a penalty, but you’d still owe tax on the early withdrawal of earnings.

Exceptions

Again, these restrictions apply to the earnings on your Roth contributions. (You can withdraw direct contributions themselves at any time, for any reason, tax and penalty free.)

You can take an early or non-qualified withdrawal prior to 59 ½ without paying a penalty or taxes, as long you’ve been actively making contributions for at least five years, in certain circumstances, including:

• For a first home. You can take out up to $10,000 to pay for buying, building, or rebuilding your first home.

• Disability. You can withdraw money if you qualify as disabled.

• Death. Your heirs or estate can withdraw money if you die.

Additionally you can avoid the penalty, although you still have to pay income tax on the earnings, if you withdraw earnings for:

• Medical expenses. Specifically, those that exceed 7.5% of your adjusted gross income.

• Medical insurance premiums. During a time in which you’re unemployed.

• Qualified higher education expenses.

Not only are the early withdrawal restrictions looser than with a traditional IRA, the post-retirement withdrawal restrictions are lesser, as well. Whereas account holders are required to start taking distribution of funds from their IRA after age 73, there is no pressure to take distribution from a Roth IRA at any age.

Roth IRA vs Traditional IRA

There are certain things a Roth IRA and a traditional IRA have in common, and several ways that they differ:

• It’s an effective retirement savings plan: Though the plans differ in the tax benefits they offer, both are a smart way to save money for retirement.

• Not an employer-sponsored plan: Individuals can open either type of IRA through a financial institution, and select their own investments or choose an automated portfolio.

• Maximum yearly contribution: For 2023, the annual limit is $6,500, with an additional $1,000 allowed in catch-up contributions for individuals over age 50. For 2024 it’s $7,000, and $8,000 if you’re 50 and older.

There are also a number of differences between a Roth and a traditional IRA:

• Roth IRA has income limits, but a traditional IRA does not.

• Roth IRA contributions are not tax deductible, but contributions you make to a traditional, tax-deferred IRA are tax deductible.

• Roth IRA has no RMDs. Individuals can withdraw money when they want, without the age limit imposed by a traditional IRA.

• Roth IRA allows for penalty-free withdrawals before age 59 ½. While there are some restrictions, an account holder can typically withdraw contributions (if not earnings) before retirement.

Is a Roth IRA Right for You?

How do you know whether you should contribute to a Roth IRA or a traditional IRA? This checklist might help you decide.

• You might want to open a Roth IRA if you don’t have access to an employer-sponsored 401(k) plan, or if you do have a 401(k) plan but you’ve already maxed out your contribution there. You can fund a Roth IRA and an employer-sponsored plan.

• Because contributions are taxed immediately, rather than in retirement, using a Roth IRA can make sense if you are in a lower tax bracket or if you typically get a refund from the IRS. It may also make sense to open a Roth IRA if you expect your tax bracket to be higher in retirement than it is today.

• Individuals who are in the beginning of their careers and earning less might consider contributing to a Roth IRA now, since they might not qualify under the income limits later in life.

• A Roth IRA can be helpful if you think you’ll work past the traditional retirement age.

The Takeaway

A Roth IRA has many of the same benefits of a traditional IRA, with some unique aspects that can be attractive to some people saving for retirement. With a Roth IRA you don’t have to contend with required minimum distributions (RMDs); you can contribute to a Roth IRA at any age; and qualified withdrawals are tax free. With all that, a Roth IRA has a lot going for it.

That said, not everyone is eligible to fund a Roth IRA. You need to have earned income, and your annual household income cannot exceed certain limits. Also, even though you can withdraw your Roth IRA contributions at any time without owing a penalty, the same isn’t true of earnings.

You must have been funding your Roth for at least 5 years, and you must be at least 59 ½, in order to make qualified withdrawals of earnings. Otherwise, you would likely owe taxes on any earnings you withdraw — and possibly a penalty. Still, the primary advantage of a Roth IRA — being able to have an income stream in retirement that’s completely tax free — can outweigh some of the restrictions for certain investors.

For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.

FAQ

Are Roth IRAs insured?

If your Roth IRA is held at an FDIC-insured bank and is invested in bank products like certificates of deposit (CDs) or money market account, those deposits are insured up to $250,000 per depositor, per institution. On the other hand, if your Roth IRA is with a brokerage that’s a member of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC), and the brokerage fails, the SIPC provides protection up to $500,000, which includes a $250,000 limit for cash. It’s important to note that neither FDIC or SIPC insurance protects against market losses; they only cover losses due to institutional failures or insolvency.

How much can I put in my Roth IRA monthly?

For tax year 2023, the maximum you can deposit in a Roth or traditional IRA is $6,500, or $7,500 if you’re over 50. How you divide that per month is up to you. You just can’t contribute more than the annual limit.

Who can open a Roth IRA?

Anyone with earned income (i.e. taxable income) can open a Roth IRA, but your income must be within certain limits in order to fund a Roth.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $25 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.

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