A brown-haired woman sitting at a desk by a window, typing on her laptop with a slight smile on her face.

How Long Does Mortgage Preapproval Last?

A mortgage preapproval letter is typically valid for 60 to 90 days, although some expire after 30 days. Some lenders will lock the rate in for that period.

Having a letter of preapproval from a financial institution can help you snap up the home you want to buy.

Key Points

•   Mortgage preapproval letters are a vital part of the homebuying process and are typically valid for 60 to 90 days, depending on the lender and loan type.

•   The mortgage preapproval process involves applying for a loan and providing a significant amount of documentation.

•   Preapproval helps you understand your home-buying budget and shows sellers that you are a serious shopper.

•   Updated financial information is required if your preapproval expires, and your credit may be checked again.

•   Your mortgage is officially approved when you receive a final commitment letter, and a closing date can be scheduled. It typically takes 42 days to close on a house.

What Is Mortgage Preapproval?

Mortgage preapproval has become an essential part of the home-buying process. Real estate agents often want to see a preapproval letter before showing houses.

Note: A SoFi Verified Preapproval Letter is valid for 90 days.

This letter shows sellers that you are serious about buying their home, even if you’re a first-time homebuyer, and that a mortgage lender is likely to soon give you a home loan for a specific amount.

The lender will review your credit history, credit score, income, debts, and assets to determine the amount you tentatively qualify for.

Preapproval will help you focus on homes within your price range. Knowing how much of a mortgage you can afford is important if you don’t want to waste time reviewing homes outside your range.

Mortgage Preapproval Process

The mortgage process starts informally for many would-be homebuyers.

Some buy into the 28% rule — spend no more than 28% of gross monthly income on a mortgage payment — and use a home mortgage calculator with taxes and insurance, for example, to calculate their mortgage, or the one later in this article.

Seeking mortgage preapproval means you’re getting serious. First, you’ll need to understand the different types of mortgage loans — fixed rate, adjustable rate, conventional, government-insured (Federal Housing Administration, Veterans Affairs, U.S. Department of Agriculture), and jumbo — and what you can qualify for.

Then, you’ll need to apply for a loan from one or several lenders and provide a good deal of documentation. Each lender will perform a hard credit inquiry, and you’ll receive a loan estimate within three business days.

If you’re shopping for a home loan, allowing multiple mortgage companies to check your credit within 14 or 45 days, depending on the credit scoring model being used, will minimize the hit to your credit scores.

How Long Does It Take to Get Preapproved?

It usually takes seven to 10 business days to receive a preapproval letter after submitting all the requested information.

Mortgage Preapproval Letter

Other than stating the specific amount you’re preapproved for, a mortgage preapproval letter may outline stipulations to gain the loan, such as maintaining your employment or not taking on any additional debt.

How Long Does Mortgage Preapproval Last?

Some lenders will commit to 60 or 90 days. That time frame tends to work, since homebuyers typically search for 10 weeks. Other lenders will issue preapproval for only 30 or 45 days.

Recommended: How Mortgage APR Works

Mortgage Prequalification vs Mortgage Preapproval

Since they sound similar, it’s worth mapping out the difference between prequalification and preapproval. Prequalification is a key first step for borrowers to tell lenders about their income, assets, and debts. Lenders use that unverified information, and usually a soft credit inquiry, to give a ballpark estimate of how much they might be willing to lend.

The response is quick. You can often get prequalified immediately or within a day or two. Just know that prequalification does not mean that a lender is guaranteeing a loan.

The mortgage preapproval process requires a deeper dive and documentation. To gauge whether you qualify for a mortgage, lenders will scrutinize:

•   Income: Employees will need to provide pay stubs, W-2s, and tax returns from the past two years, as well as documentation of any additional income, such as work bonuses. Self-employed workers often need two years’ worth of records and a year-to-date profit-and-loss statement, although many lenders and loan programs are flexible.

•   Assets and liabilities: You’ll need to provide proof of savings, investment accounts, and any properties. Lenders view assets as proof that you can afford your down payment and closing costs and still have cash reserves.

Lenders also look at monthly debt obligations to calculate your debt-to-income ratio.

•   Credit score: Your credit score is a three-digit representation of your credit history.

Recommended: What Is Considered a Bad Credit Score?

Once your lender has reviewed the information, it may offer a preapproval letter. Note that receiving preapproval from a certain lender does not obligate you to use that lender.

First-time homebuyers can
prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan,
with as little as 3% down.

Questions? Call (888)-541-0398.


Estimate Your Mortgage Payment

Before you seek prequalification or preapproval, you might want to get an idea of how much your monthly mortgage payment could be. Use this mortgage calculator to quickly see the difference in mortgage payments based on down payment, interest rate, and a 15- or 30-year term.

What Should I Do if My Mortgage Preapproval Expires?

Lenders set expiration dates on preapproval letters because they need your most up-to-date financial information. The credit, income, debt, and asset items they reviewed for your preapproval typically need to be updated after the letter expires, and your credit may be checked again.

You can minimize the effect of hard pulls on your credit score by avoiding seeking a renewal when you’re not actively shopping for a home. If your finances have mostly stayed the same, your lender is likely to renew your preapproval.

Finalizing Your Mortgage

If you find a house while your mortgage preapproval is still valid, you can choose a lender and finalize your mortgage application. At this point, in many cases, the lender will again check whether your financial situation has changed.

The mortgage underwriter will review all the information, order an appraisal of the chosen property and a title report, and consider your down payment. Then comes the verdict: approved, suspended (with more documentation needed), or denied.

Your mortgage is officially approved when you receive a final commitment letter. A closing date can be scheduled. It generally takes 42 days to close on a house, but it could happen in as little as 20 days.

Buyers may want to minimize changes, such as applying for other loans or credit, when a home loan is in underwriting.

The Takeaway

How long is a mortgage preapproval good for? Typically for 60 to 90 days. Getting prequalified is a smart precursor to getting preapproved for a mortgage. Preapproval can give you a competitive edge in a tight home market and help you clearly understand how your home mortgage loan will affect your monthly budget.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.


SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

How does mortgage preapproval affect my credit score?

The preapproval process may involve a hard credit inquiry, which could cause a dip in your credit score, but typically only by five to eight points. Multiple hard inquiries are usually counted as one inquiry as long as they are made within the same 14- to 45-day period.

What’s the difference between mortgage prequalification and the preapproval process?

Prequalification usually takes just minutes and requires only the most basic financial information and a soft inquiry on your credit score. Preapproval will require more in-depth information, such as pay stubs and tax returns, and involves a hard credit inquiry. Getting preapproved may take one to two weeks.

Can a mortgage preapproval be extended or renewed?

Yes. If your mortgage preapproval expires, you can typically renew or extend it by providing updated financial information. Your lender may need to review your income, assets, debts, and credit again. If your financial situation hasn’t changed significantly, renewal is usually straightforward.

Does mortgage preapproval guarantee final loan approval?

No. A mortgage preapproval is not a guarantee of final loan approval. Final approval depends on additional steps, including underwriting, a home appraisal, a title review, and verification that your financial situation hasn’t changed before closing.

What can cause a mortgage preapproval to change or be revoked?

A preapproval can change or be revoked if your financial circumstances shift before closing. Taking on new debt, missing payments, changing jobs, or experiencing a drop in income could affect your eligibility. Lenders may recheck your credit and financial details during underwriting.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.



*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
Veterans, Service members, and members of the National Guard or Reserve may be eligible for a loan guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. VA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by VA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. VA loans typically require a one-time funding fee except as may be exempted by VA guidelines. The fee may be financed or paid at closing. The amount of the fee depends on the type of loan, the total amount of the loan, and, depending on loan type, prior use of VA eligibility and down payment amount. The VA funding fee is typically non-refundable. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.

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A smiling Gen Z couple sitting next to each other on a sofa, notepad in hand and a laptop on a coffee table in front of them.

Housing Market FOMO: Gen Z Is Feeling Left Behind

Saving enough money to purchase a home has always been tough for younger buyers, but rising prices and higher interest rates have made it especially difficult for Gen Z (those born from the mid-to-late 1990s and the early 2010s) to get their foot in the door of the housing market.

As they wait on the sidelines for the chance to buy their first property, many are feeling real estate FOMO, which is the fear that they’re missing out on a major life milestone and the opportunity to build the wealth that others have managed to build. Let’s take a look at some of the obstacles Gen Z is facing and the steps that could help as you save and search for a home.

  • Key Points
  • •   Gen Z faces major financial barriers to homeownership, including high prices, debt, and rising living costs.
  • •   Real estate FOMO can trigger poor decisions, such as overspending or buying before you’re ready.
  • •   Preparation matters, from improving credit to understanding affordability and loan options.
  • •   Flexibility helps, whether relocating, adjusting expectations, or finding creative ways to save.
  • •   Sticking to your budget and goals prevents pressure-driven home-buying mistakes.

What Does FOMO Mean?

FOMO, or fear of missing out, is a term used to describe the feeling that you aren’t being included in something others are experiencing. Maybe they’re achieving goals that you haven’t yet reached or doing things that you currently don’t have the resources (financial or otherwise) to do. FOMO is often used to describe missing out on a social event, such as a concert or a party, that you weren’t invited to. But it can also mean wanting things that others in your social circle have, including a better car, clothes, trips, or jewelry.

FOMO spending is when the fear of missing out pushes you to spend money — maybe more than you should — to keep up with your peers. Older generations often refer to this as “keeping up with the Joneses.” Real estate FOMO can have that effect. It might lead someone to buy a house before they’re ready to or to take out a mortgage loan on a house they can’t comfortably afford. But it can also make homebuyers reluctant to commit to a purchase if they think they’ll find a better home at a better price if they just wait a while. And for some Gen Zers, social media can exacerbate those feelings.


Get matched with a local
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How to Deal With FOMO in Real Estate

There are a few different things you may want to consider if you think FOMO is getting in the way of making smart home-buying decisions.

If You Feel You Need a Reality Check…

It never hurts to revisit your budget to see how much house you can truly afford. Using a home affordability calculator can help you set some limits. It also may be useful to talk to a financial advisor about how buying a home, or a home at a particular price, could affect your other goals. If you see a property you’re interested in purchasing, run the numbers in a mortgage calculator to get a sense of what your monthly payments would be.

If You Find Yourself Trying to “Time the Market”…

It can be tough to predict when home prices or interest rates will go down. Instead, you might want to talk to a real estate agent about the best time of year to look for housing bargains in your area, or you could shift your search from a pricey “hot” area to one with a more affordable cost of living. Also, if you find a home you think you’ll stay in long-term, you may want to keep mortgage refinancing in mind as an option for lowering costs in the future.

If You’re Feeling Triggered by What Others Have…

Looking at too many listings, home improvement shows, or friends’ house-proud social media posts may not help you understand the market you’re looking at and could lead you away from your personal must-haves. When that happens, it helps to take a break (perhaps from social media) to reprioritize and get back on track.

What Are the Barriers for Gen Z Home Buyers?

Some of the obstacles Gen Z homebuyers face are the same ones that would-be homeowners have encountered off and on for generations. Home prices are high and continuing to rise. Housing inventory is growing slowly but needs to outpace demand to limit price increases. And though mortgage interest rates are cooling and inflation is remaining steadily lower after the post-pandemic spike, gas, groceries, and other costs are still taking a toll on household budgets.,

However, Gen Z has bigger issues to contend with than previous generations, including:

Down Payment Costs

Down payments are calculated as a percentage of the home price, so higher-priced houses usually require larger down payments, making it increasingly difficult to get into the housing market. First-time homebuyers typically put down less than repeat buyers — about 10% compared to 23%, according to the National Association of Realtors. That could still be a hefty amount to come up with, considering that in February 2026, the median home price in the U.S. was nearly $430,000.

Student Loan Debt

A college education may help Gen Z graduates earn higher salaries, but many report that student debt is slowing their progress toward certain milestones, including buying a home. Those college loans can make it even more difficult for younger buyers to save for a down payment or make higher monthly mortgage payments. You can afford a mortgage if you have student loans, but student debt can factor into your debt-to-income ratio (DTI), which may affect whether or not you qualify for a mortgage and the interest rate you’re offered.

Higher Rent Payments

Rising rental costs are another factor that may be affecting Gen Z’s ability to save for a home. According to Zillow’s monthly Observed Rent Index, the typical U.S. rent in January 2026 was $1,895, a 1.9% year-on-year increase.

Adulting = Insecurity

Navigating life after college with a new (or new-ish) career, bills to pay, and uncertainty about where life might take you next (a new job, a new town, a new partner, a new baby?) can be daunting enough without the home-buying headaches. While some Gen Zers have found a way into the housing market despite the barriers, others are waiting until their careers and finances feel more stable.

How Does Gen Z Approach Home Buying?

Although buying a home may not be as significantly linked to achieving success as it was for older generations. According to a 2025 Realtor.com survey, 67% of Gen Z respondents said that they see homeownership as an important lifetime goal, and 69% agree that real estate is an opportunity to generate wealth. And they are finding ways to make it happen. By cobuying with friends, moving to a state with a lower cost of living, using cash gifts from family, or living with their parents after college to save money, Gen Zers are entering the housing market.

Where Is Gen Z Buying Homes?

As you might expect, Gen Zers who live in, or are willing to move to, more affordable locations, such as the South and Midwest, are more likely to buy homes than those looking to live in upmarket coastal cities that carry higher price tags.

In March 2025, Realtor.com listed Des Moines, IA, Omaha, NE, Youngstown, OH, Dayton, OH, Grand Rapids, MI, Little Rock, AR, Birmingham, AL, Cincinnati, MS, Jackson, MS, and Wichita, KS, as the 10 metropolitan areas with the largest percentage of Gen Z buyers. As per Redfin, in February 2026, median house prices in these cities ranged from $134,500 to $285,000, well below the U.S. median of $429,708.

Recommended: Best Affordable Places to Live in the US

Is It Harder for Gen Z to Buy a House?

Gen Zers aren’t facing the double-digit mortgage rates their parents and grandparents faced in the early 1980s. Nor are they trying to buy homes during a depression or a recession. Still, thanks to inflation, low inventory (partly caused by affordable homes being snapped up by investment companies), and other factors, this is a challenging time to become a homeowner.

According to Redfin, 38.3% of 28-year-olds owned their home in 2025. That homeownership rate is lower than that of Gen Xers (42.5%) and baby boomers (32%) when they were 28. But it’s a bit higher than the rate of 36.8% for millennials when they were the same age.

Steps for Gen Z Home Buyers to Consider

For Gen Z, patience, flexibility, and creativity may be the keys to success in today’s tough housing market. Here are some steps to consider as you pursue homeownership:

Know Before You Go

The more you know about the home-buying process, the more confident you can feel about the decisions you make. Get to know the first steps you should take (such as improving your credit score, lowering your DTI ratio, and researching first-time homebuyer programs and loans). And as you start your home search, consider listing your wants vs. your needs, learning about the different types of mortgage loans, and completing the mortgage preapproval process.

Keep Expectations in Check

Here’s where FOMO can really get in your way: The house you can afford may not be anything close to the designer houses you see on social media and TV. But an affordable starter home can be a stepping stone to the home of your dreams. If you aren’t sure what you can manage, talk to a professional, such as your financial advisor, a real estate agent, or a mortgage professional.

Cast a Wide Net

If you can’t afford the trendiest neighborhood or a house directly on the beach, you may want to try searching in similar or nearby areas. If you can relocate, you could broaden your search, looking at states that have what you want but at a lower price.

Recommended:Home Loan Help Center

The Takeaway

If high housing costs and other factors are getting in the way of your plans to buy a home, and you feel a strong sense of FOMO creeping up on you, try not to get sucked into overspending or abandoning homeownership altogether. Staying true to your budget and goals and getting some assistance in finding the right home and home loan can help you avoid feeling pressured into making bad decisions.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

What does FOMO mean in real estate?

The fear of missing out (FOMO) in real estate is the worry that you aren’t where you should be when it comes to homeownership. It may be because you haven’t yet purchased a home, or you notice differences between your home and the places you see others in your peer group moving into.

Which housing markets are dropping the fastest?

According to Cotality’s U.S. Home Price Insights report from February 2026, Florida’s Cape Coral, Lakeland, North Port, Palm Bay, and West Palm Beach are likely to experience price drops this year. The most affordable areas are Johnstown, PA, Albany, GA, Decatur, IL, Joplin, MO, and Weirton, WV.

What is the slowest month for the housing market?

Winter is typically the slowest time of year for the housing market, while spring and summer are the busiest seasons. Cold weather, the holiday season, and the start of the school year often see fewer home listings and fewer people attending showings, contributing to the seasonal slowdown.

How can Gen Z save for a down payment faster?

Strategies for faster saving include setting up automated savings deposits, keeping your savings in a high-yield account, taking on a side hustle, and reducing expenses by living with parents or roommates. As down payments are calculated as a percentage of the sale price, moving to an area with lower house prices can mean that you reach the amount you need faster.

Should I wait to buy a home if prices are high?

Timing the market is difficult. Focusing on your personal finances, affordability, and long-term goals is usually a safer approach than waiting for prices to drop.


Photo credit: iStock/gradyreese

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.


*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
‡Up to $9,500 cash back: HomeStory Rewards is offered by HomeStory Real Estate Services, a licensed real estate broker. HomeStory Real Estate Services is not affiliated with SoFi Bank, N.A. (SoFi). SoFi is not responsible for the program provided by HomeStory Real Estate Services. Obtaining a mortgage from SoFi is optional and not required to participate in the program offered by HomeStory Real Estate Services. The borrower may arrange for financing with any lender. Rebate amount based on home sale price, see table for details.

Qualifying for the reward requires using a real estate agent that participates in HomeStory’s broker to broker agreement to complete the real estate buy and/or sell transaction. You retain the right to negotiate buyer and or seller representation agreements. Upon successful close of the transaction, the Real Estate Agent pays a fee to HomeStory Real Estate Services. All Agents have been independently vetted by HomeStory to meet performance expectations required to participate in the program. If you are currently working with a REALTOR®, please disregard this notice. It is not our intention to solicit the offerings of other REALTORS®. A reward is not available where prohibited by state law, including Alaska, Iowa, Louisiana and Missouri. A reduced agent commission may be available for sellers in lieu of the reward in Mississippi, New Jersey, Oklahoma, and Oregon and should be discussed with the agent upon enrollment. No reward will be available for buyers in Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Oregon. A commission credit may be available for buyers in lieu of the reward in New Jersey and must be discussed with the agent upon enrollment and included in a Buyer Agency Agreement with Rebate Provision. Rewards in Kansas and Tennessee are required to be delivered by gift card.

HomeStory will issue the reward using the payment option you select and will be sent to the client enrolled in the program within 45 days of HomeStory Real Estate Services receipt of settlement statements and any other documentation reasonably required to calculate the applicable reward amount. Real estate agent fees and commissions still apply. Short sale transactions do not qualify for the reward. Depending on state regulations highlighted above, reward amount is based on sale price of the home purchased and/or sold and cannot exceed $9,500 per buy or sell transaction. Employer-sponsored relocations may preclude participation in the reward program offering. SoFi is not responsible for the reward.

SoFi Bank, N.A. (NMLS #696891) does not perform any activity that is or could be construed as unlicensed real estate activity, and SoFi is not licensed as a real estate broker. Agents of SoFi are not authorized to perform real estate activity.

If your property is currently listed with a REALTOR®, please disregard this notice. It is not our intention to solicit the offerings of other REALTORS®.

Reward is valid for 18 months from date of enrollment. After 18 months, you must re-enroll to be eligible for a reward.

SoFi loans subject to credit approval. Offer subject to change or cancellation without notice.

The trademarks, logos and names of other companies, products and services are the property of their respective owners.


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A couple with their arms around each other, looking out the window of a living room with sofas, a table, and plants.

How Homeownership Can Help Build Generational Wealth

One of the time-honored ways to build wealth and financial stability is by buying real estate. Properties typically appreciate over time and may provide cash flow as well.

Owning your own home not only gives you a great place to live, but it will likely turn out to be a good investment that can help build generational wealth for your family.

  • Key Points
  • •   Generational wealth includes assets such as cash, stocks, bonds, businesses, and real estate that are passed down from one generation to the next.
  • •   Homeownership can build generational wealth directly through price appreciation, with the equity being passed on to the next generation in their inheritance.
  • •   Indirect benefits of homeownership include the financial security that can be passed on to children, the opportunity to borrow against the equity, and the ability to shield adult children from the financial burden of retirement and health care needs.
  • •   Housing discrimination can have a serious impact on generational wealth.
  • •   Homeownership can be a smart investment, but it’s important to factor in the total costs of owning and maintaining real estate.

What Is Considered Generational Wealth?

Generational wealth refers to assets passed on from one generation to another within the same family. Assets is a broad term that includes:

•   Cash

•   Stocks, bonds, and other securities

•   A family business

•   Real estate, including the family home

Because of the high rates of appreciation in the past several decades, real estate can be one of the most valuable assets passed down from one generation to another.

💡 Quick Tip: SoFi’s award-winning mortgage loan experience means a simple application — we even offer an on-time close guarantee. We’ve made $7.5 billion in home loans, so we know a thing or two about what makes homebuyers happy.‡

How Does Homeownership Build Wealth?

Homeownership can help build wealth directly through price appreciation. When the value of a home rises, owners are able to sell for that higher price, sometimes moving into a new, larger home. For homeowners who aren’t selling, price appreciation adds to their home equity and overall financial assets.

Of course, if home values decline, as they did in the 2007-2009 Great Recession, the opposite can happen, and owners may find they owe more than the home is worth. But real estate has proved to be one of the most reliable assets in the long term.

The bottom line: A person’s home is often their largest financial asset, the benefits of which are frequently passed on to the next generation.

If you’re just getting started, know that a first-time homebuyer can be anyone who has not owned a principal residence in the past three years, some single parents, and others. The prospective purchasers can often get assistance (such as a low or no down payment) as they progress toward buying their first property. Programs such as these can be stepping stones to building generational wealth.

First-time homebuyers can
prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan,
with as little as 3% down.

Questions? Call (888)-541-0398.

Direct and Indirect Building of Wealth

Next, consider different ways of building wealth over the generations.

Inheritance

Inheriting appreciated capital assets, such as real estate, stocks, bonds, exchange-traded funds, or a small business, can have a big tax benefit, thanks to the “step-up in basis.” The value of the inherited asset is “stepped up” to the fair market value on the date the original owner dies.

If the heir sells the property, the step-up in basis will greatly reduce capital gains taxes due or make them moot if there’s no gain. Any capital gain from the sale of inherited property is considered long-term. Current long-term capital gains taxes are 0%, 15%, or 20%, depending on your income and filing status.

For married couples, the death of one spouse results in a partial step-up in most states, but here’s a simplified example. Let’s say you inherit your grandmother’s home, purchased in 1940 for $10,000. The home is valued at $450,000 on the date of her death, which is the stepped-up basis. If you sell the home for $450,000, you’ll pay no capital gains tax. If you sell for a higher sum, capital gains tax will apply only to the amount over $450,000.

Imagine using the stepped-up basis provision over more than one generation of a family. An heir could sell a phenomenally appreciated asset and pay a minimal amount in capital gains tax or none at all on their inheritance, as long as the asset was included in the decedent’s estate.

Indirect Benefits

Heirs of homeowners may inherit the actual real estate, but generational wealth can also be more indirect. Consider these points:

•   Homeowners are often more financially secure than renters, passing that security on to children.

•   Homeowners can borrow against home equity to improve their property (and often boost its value) or take care of other financial needs.

•   Many homeowners are located in districts with high-performing schools, enhancing overall opportunities for their children.

•   Down the line, the equity in a home can help finance retirement and health care needs, shielding adult children from that financial burden.

All of these factors can positively affect the next generation and add to their wealth.

How Discrimination Can Affect Generational Wealth

When housing discrimination occurs, it can keep people of color, women, families with children, immigrants, and people with disabilities from living in the places they want. Importantly, it can also have a serious impact on generational wealth.

Considering the following statistics from the U.S. Census Bureau for the fourth quarter of 2025:

The homeownership rate for non-Hispanic white households overwhelmingly led the pack at 75.1%. Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander families came in a distant second at 63.1%. Hispanic families of any race had only a 48.7% homeownership rate, and Black households logged in at 44.2%.

A number of factors have contributed to the race gap in homeownership, particularly the legacy of race-based discrimination in the housing market.

When homeownership lags among a certain group because of housing discrimination, so does the possibility for generational wealth.

💡 Quick Tip: Your parents or grandparents probably had mortgages for 30 years. But these days, you can get them for 20, 15, or 10 years — and pay less interest over the life of the loan.

Understanding Home Appreciation and Home Equity

To understand how homeownership can build wealth, it’s important to know about the concepts of home appreciation rates and home equity. Here are some key points:

•   Appreciation and appreciation rates refer to the increase in the value of a home over time.

•   Home equity is the property value minus the outstanding balance of mortgages, liens, or other debt on the property.

•   A down payment is your first contribution to home equity.

•   Monthly mortgage payments reduce the amount you owe. With each payment, you slowly pay part of the principal on your loan, which builds equity.

•   Home equity can increase through price appreciation and home improvements.

Most people purchase real estate with the expectation that their homes will increase in value over time. But many things come into play when it comes to home appreciation and the amount of home equity you can build. Some you can control, and some you can’t.

Recommended: How Much Is a Down Payment on a House?

The Economy

Housing prices can be affected by several economic indicators. When a recession hits, unemployment rises, or inflation jumps, the real estate market often declines.

Interest rates are also vitally important. Low mortgage interest rates can fuel demand, which can increase home prices in many areas. Conversely, a rise in mortgage rates can have a cooling effect on buyer demand.

The correlation between the housing markets and the rest of the economy can be surprising at times. For instance, during the initial stages of the Covid-19 pandemic, when economic indicators were showing signs of trouble, the nation saw a giant rise in home prices. This was particularly true in rural and suburban areas, as urban dwellers sought more space and fewer crowds.

Recommended: How to Understand Inflation’s Effect on Mortgages

Laws and Regulations

Federal legislation can have a big effect on the U.S. housing market. Government tax credits, deductions, and subsidies aimed at certain homeowners can fuel this market.

Local policies and regulations can also affect housing appreciation. Local investments in infrastructure or new schools and parks can increase your home’s value. Local zoning laws can also have an effect, positive or negative.

Home Improvements

This encompasses everything from an extensive addition to a fresh coat of paint. All kinds of improvements can add to the resale value of your home and, importantly, enhance your life while you’re living there.

Whether you decide to remodel a kitchen, bathroom, or living room, update your appliances and décor, or make energy-efficient improvements, these can be valuable.

To fund them, some homeowners use home improvement loans.

Is Homeownership a Smart Investment?

The answer to that question isn’t always straightforward. Your home is where you live, of course, so hopefully you derive happiness from that. In that sense, the costs associated with your home and your mortgage payment can be considered living expenses, not necessarily investments.

On the other hand, appreciation and home equity can be seen as returns on your investment in your home.

The sweet spot is often a combination of the two: a great place to live and a profitable investment.

Still, homeowners’ net worths far outpace renters’. Every three years, the Federal Reserve issues the Survey of Consumer Finances, which compares the net worth of homeowners and renters. The latest report shows that homeowners had a median net worth of $396,200 compared to $10,400 for renters.

Keeping your expectations realistic can effectively put your home value into the context of your overall financial wellness and estate planning. To do that, you may need to keep in mind the total costs of owning and maintaining real estate. Too often, people subtract their purchase price from the expected sale price and figure the difference is the return on investment. But there are many more costs involved in homeownership.

To calculate your true return, you’ll want to add up the following:

•   Down payment

•   Closing costs

•   Mortgage points

•   Any mortgage insurance

•   Home maintenance expenses

•   Home improvements

•   Total mortgage payments

•   Taxes

•   Any homeowners association fees

•   Estimated selling costs (such as the real estate agent’s fees and staging charges).

That total is the number you want to compare against home appreciation to determine your actual return.

The Takeaway

Homeownership builds generational wealth in direct and indirect ways. The real estate itself can likely grow in value, and the homeowner may enjoy such benefits as raising a family in a good school district. Buying real estate can build a foundation for a family today and for generations ahead.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

What is generational wealth?

Generational wealth refers to assets or financial resources passed down from one generation to the next in a family. These assets can include cash, real estate, stocks, bonds, businesses, and other investments.

Is homeownership a good way of building generational wealth?

Yes, homeownership is generally considered to be a good way of building wealth and financial stability. Real estate can be one of the most valuable assets that you can transfer to the next generation in your family.

How does homeownership build generational wealth?

Homeownership builds generational wealth through appreciation, which enables you to build home equity. The next generation can inherit your home and benefit from its equity.


Photo credit: iStock/Capuski


*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
SoFi On-Time Close Guarantee: If all conditions of the Guarantee are met, and your loan does not close on or before the closing date on your purchase contract accepted by SoFi, and the delay is due to SoFi, SoFi will give you a credit toward closing costs or additional expenses caused by the delay in closing of up to $10,000.^ The following terms and conditions apply. This Guarantee is available only for loan applications submitted after 04/01/2024. Please discuss terms of this Guarantee with your loan officer. The mortgage must be a purchase transaction that is approved and funded by SoFi. This Guarantee does not apply to loans to purchase bank-owned properties or short-sale transactions. To qualify for the Guarantee, you must: (1) Sign up for access to SoFi’s online portal and upload all requested documents, (2) Submit documents requested by SoFi within 5 business days of the initial request and all additional doc requests within 2 business days (3) Submit an executed purchase contract on an eligible property with the closing date at least 25 calendar days from the receipt of executed Intent to Proceed and receipt of credit card deposit for an appraisal (30 days for VA loans; 40 days for Jumbo loans), (4) Lock your loan rate and satisfy all loan requirements and conditions at least 5 business days prior to your closing date as confirmed with your loan officer, and (5) Pay for and schedule an appraisal within 48 hours of the appraiser first contacting you by phone or email. This Guarantee will not be paid if any delays to closing are attributable to: a) the borrower(s), a third party, the seller or any other factors outside of SoFi control; b) if the information provided by the borrower(s) on the loan application could not be verified or was inaccurate or insufficient; c) attempting to fulfill federal/state regulatory requirements and/or agency guidelines; d) or the closing date is missed due to acts of God outside the control of SoFi. SoFi may change or terminate this offer at any time without notice to you. *To redeem the Guarantee if conditions met, see documentation provided by loan officer. Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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The sun rises on a misty morning behind trees, two houses, and some farm buildings.

First-Time Homebuyer Assistance Programs and Grants in the Midwest

First-time homebuyers may qualify for special mortgage rates and incentives that are not available to other homebuyers. If you’re looking to buy in the Midwest, we’ve rounded up all the information you need to understand which programs you could qualify for in your region.

Recommended: What Is the Average Down Payment on a House?

  • Key Points
  • •   First-time homebuyers in the Midwest may qualify for special state and federal funding programs that offer low mortgage rates, down payment assistance, and help with closing costs.
  • •   Despite price increases over the years, many Midwestern states, including Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio, still have median home prices below the national average.
  • •   Most of the states highlighted here offer financial assistance programs specifically tailored to low- to moderate-income first-time buyers.
  • •   While the housing markets in states such as Kansas and Wisconsin are competitive due to rising prices and low inventory, state-run programs can help offset upfront costs.
  • •   Buyers should review state-specific homebuyer programs and use affordability calculators to determine what kind of house they can afford.

Ohio

The real estate market in Ohio is currently competitive. According to Redfin, in February 2026, home prices were up 4.9% compared to last year, with a median price of $253,200, and the number of homes sold was down 2.5% year over year. Sales prices had the most substantial jump in Youngstown, Mentor, and Fairfield, where increases all exceeded 25%.

Things can look a bit intimidating for first-time homebuyers seeking a home mortgage loan in Ohio in 2026. But don’t fret. Qualifying for a mortgage and affording a home may be more within your means than you think.

The Ohio Housing Finance Agency offers a variety of programs for low- and moderate-income first-time homebuyers meant to help them achieve homeownership.


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$9,500 cash back when you close.

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💡 Learn about Ohio first-time homebuyer programs

Michigan

With Detroit’s revitalization, the popularity of resort towns on the shores of the Great Lakes, and the proximity to wilderness in the Upper Peninsula, Michigan real estate is in demand., The good news for first-time buyers: Homes are still relatively affordable.

As of February 2026, Redfin reports that the number of homes sold decreased by 10.3% year over year, while home prices are up 3.5%. Despite this increase, the median sales price of $259,900 is far below the national median existing-home sales price of $429,708.,

First-time homebuyers looking to settle in Michigan may find help through the Michigan State Housing Development Authority.

💡 Learn about Michigan first-time homebuyer programs

Indiana

At $261,900, Indiana’s average home value as of February 2026 was up 2.7% since last year, according to Redfin. Even with that increase, house prices are generally lower than for America as a whole. That doesn’t mean buying a home for the first time is easy, but it certainly places home ownership within reach for more people.

There’s lots of helpful information on the home-buying process available to house-hunters in Indiana, and there are a number of state programs that offer help with down payments, mortgages, and closing costs. First-time buyers, especially, might want to have a look.

💡 Learn about Indiana first-time homebuyer programs

Wisconsin

According to Redfin, in February 2026, home prices in Wisconsin increased 3.9% compared to the previous year, and the number of homes sold decreased by 2.1%. The median sale price remains lower than the national average at $322,800.

Recommended: Guide to Choosing a Mortgage Term

While the uptick in cost may cause concern for those saving to purchase a property, the Wisconsin Housing and Economic Development Authority offers low-cost financing programs for qualified first-time homebuyers.

💡 Learn about Wisconsin first-time homebuyer programs

Illinois

High prices, fewer available homes, and an influx of outside investors and cash buyers can make diving into the Illinois housing market as a first-time buyer feel daunting.,

According to Redfin, the median sale price in Illinois hit $299,500 in February 2026 — a 4.6% year-over-year increase. However, these values vary greatly depending on where in the state you are looking to buy. In Winnetka, home prices were up 56.4%, and the median purchase price was $1.925 million, while Marion saw a 13.0% decrease and a relatively affordable median price of $137,093.

Another bit of good news: The state and some counties offer financial assistance. There also are longstanding federal programs that could improve a buyer’s chances of success.

💡 Learn about Illinois first-time homebuyer programs

Minnesota

Home values in Minnesota have remained stable over the past year, falling 2.0% to a median price of $347,300 in February 2026.

There are several opportunities for the first-time homebuyer in Minnesota through state programs that give assistance with mortgage rates, down payments, and closing costs to those who qualify.

💡 Learn about Minnesota first-time homebuyer programs

First-time homebuyers can
prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan,
with as little as 3% down.

Questions? Call (888)-541-0398.

Iowa

Homes in the heartland of Iowa remain relatively affordable, with an average value of $239,900 compared to the national figure of $429,708.

The Iowa Finance Authority offers homebuyer assistance programs that can make buying a home more affordable, especially for first-time buyers. You may also be eligible for city-specific homebuyer assistance programs or other first-time homebuyer loans.

💡 Learn about Iowa first-time homebuyer programs

Missouri

According to Redfin, the real estate market in Missouri has shown steady growth of 5.3% since last year, but the state’s average home value of $270,700 remains nicely below the national average.

As a first-time homebuyer with a low to moderate income, you may qualify for state and local programs that offer mortgages and down payment assistance. Even better: You qualify as a first timer if you haven’t owned a home in three years.

💡 Learn about Missouri first-time homebuyer programs

North Dakota

In addition to tons of open space, gorgeous landscapes, and the highest quality of life in the U.S., the cost of living in North Dakota is lower than the U.S. average. In February 2026, according to Redfin, the median sales price increased 16.8% to $323,400 compared to the previous year, but there are still plenty of opportunities to find an affordable home.

Several state programs provide financial assistance and low-interest mortgage loans to first-time homebuyers in North Dakota. Many of these programs are designed to help low- to moderate-income buyers, and they may have income and purchase price limits, a required credit score, or other criteria you’ll need to meet.

💡 Learn about North Dakota first-time homebuyer programs

South Dakota

South Dakota saw a modest 1.0% increase in home prices from February 2025 to February 2026, and the cost of living remains relatively low compared to other states. The median home price in South Dakota is now $327,800, according to Redfin.

If you lack the money for a down payment or aren’t sure how you will afford a mortgage, you may qualify for assistance from state programs.

💡 Learn about South Dakota first-time homebuyer programs

Nebraska

In February 2026, Nebraska’s median home price increased 3.0% to $297,200 compared to the previous year. As this is below the national average, now could be a good time to buy.

The Nebraska Investment Finance Authority offers financial assistance programs for first-time homebuyers.

💡 Learn about Nebraska first-time homebuyer programs

Kansas

In recent years, it has been difficult for young buyers to enter the Kansas housing market, but falling interest rates and increased construction are expected to make homeownership more accessible in 2026.

According to Redfin, in February 2026, the median home price in Kansas increased by just 1.8% to $286,600 year over year. However, in Lenexa, prices soared by 21.3% to a median price of $500,225.

Fortunately, buyers who are struggling with the costs of purchasing their first home in Kansas may be able to get financial help through programs offered by the state and some cities. There also are longstanding federal programs that may improve a buyer’s chances of success.

💡 Learn about Kansas first-time homebuyer programs

The Takeaway

Qualifying first-time home buyers in the Midwest have many options available to them, including assistance that helps cover down payments and closing costs. If you’re looking to buy your first home and aren’t sure how to get started, looking at a list of homebuyer programs in the state where you want to buy is a great place to start. Once you know what kind of assistance you may qualify for, it’s a good idea to estimate just how much house you can really afford using a home affordability calculator.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

What qualifies someone as a first-time homebuyer?

You may qualify as a first-time homebuyer if you haven’t owned a home in the past three years. Requirements vary by state, so make sure you check who qualifies in the state where you intend to buy.

Are Midwest home prices considered affordable?

Yes, many Midwestern states have median home prices below the national average. Iowa is the cheapest state to buy a house in the U.S.

What types of assistance are available for first-time buyers?

State programs may offer down payment assistance, help with closing costs, reduced mortgage interest rates, and access to low-interest loans. You may also be eligible for city-specific programs or federal assistance.

Are there income limits for first-time homebuyer programs?

Many state-run programs are designed for low- to moderate-income buyers and may include income caps, purchase price limits, and minimum credit score requirements. To qualify for a first-time homebuyer program, you may also need to live in a certain area or have a certain profession, as well as meet financial requirements.

How can I find out which programs I qualify for?

Start by reviewing your state’s housing finance agency website and checking for city-specific programs. You can also consult a HUD-approved housing counselor.


Photo credit: iStock/Nicholas Smith

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.


*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.
‡Up to $9,500 cash back: HomeStory Rewards is offered by HomeStory Real Estate Services, a licensed real estate broker. HomeStory Real Estate Services is not affiliated with SoFi Bank, N.A. (SoFi). SoFi is not responsible for the program provided by HomeStory Real Estate Services. Obtaining a mortgage from SoFi is optional and not required to participate in the program offered by HomeStory Real Estate Services. The borrower may arrange for financing with any lender. Rebate amount based on home sale price, see table for details.

Qualifying for the reward requires using a real estate agent that participates in HomeStory’s broker to broker agreement to complete the real estate buy and/or sell transaction. You retain the right to negotiate buyer and or seller representation agreements. Upon successful close of the transaction, the Real Estate Agent pays a fee to HomeStory Real Estate Services. All Agents have been independently vetted by HomeStory to meet performance expectations required to participate in the program. If you are currently working with a REALTOR®, please disregard this notice. It is not our intention to solicit the offerings of other REALTORS®. A reward is not available where prohibited by state law, including Alaska, Iowa, Louisiana and Missouri. A reduced agent commission may be available for sellers in lieu of the reward in Mississippi, New Jersey, Oklahoma, and Oregon and should be discussed with the agent upon enrollment. No reward will be available for buyers in Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Oregon. A commission credit may be available for buyers in lieu of the reward in New Jersey and must be discussed with the agent upon enrollment and included in a Buyer Agency Agreement with Rebate Provision. Rewards in Kansas and Tennessee are required to be delivered by gift card.

HomeStory will issue the reward using the payment option you select and will be sent to the client enrolled in the program within 45 days of HomeStory Real Estate Services receipt of settlement statements and any other documentation reasonably required to calculate the applicable reward amount. Real estate agent fees and commissions still apply. Short sale transactions do not qualify for the reward. Depending on state regulations highlighted above, reward amount is based on sale price of the home purchased and/or sold and cannot exceed $9,500 per buy or sell transaction. Employer-sponsored relocations may preclude participation in the reward program offering. SoFi is not responsible for the reward.

SoFi Bank, N.A. (NMLS #696891) does not perform any activity that is or could be construed as unlicensed real estate activity, and SoFi is not licensed as a real estate broker. Agents of SoFi are not authorized to perform real estate activity.

If your property is currently listed with a REALTOR®, please disregard this notice. It is not our intention to solicit the offerings of other REALTORS®.

Reward is valid for 18 months from date of enrollment. After 18 months, you must re-enroll to be eligible for a reward.

SoFi loans subject to credit approval. Offer subject to change or cancellation without notice.

The trademarks, logos and names of other companies, products and services are the property of their respective owners.


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Beginner’s Guide to Homeowners Associations (HOA)

Perhaps the idea of homeownership sounds appealing, but the thought of all the maintenance involved — inside and outside — not so much. Dealing with snow removal or tending to your lawn might be the last thing you want to add to your already full plate.

If that resonates, buying a home that has a homeowners association, or HOA, might be the right move. Whether you’re shopping for a condo or a three-bedroom house in a new development, an HOA could be a valuable thing. These organizations, funded by dues, take care of many of those maintenance responsibilities, run shared facilities (such as a pool), and create guidelines (and enforce them) for the community of homeowners.

That said, interacting with an HOA and following its guidelines may not be for everyone. Read on to learn:

•   What is an HOA

•   How do HOAs work

•   How much are HOA dues

•   What are the pros and cons of HOAs

•   How HOA fees impact your costs as a homeowner

  • Key Points
  • •   An HOA oversees common areas, maintenance, and improvements in planned housing developments.
  • •   The HOA assesses the regular fees of each homeowner to cover the costs of upkeep and other services.
  • •   Special assessments may be levied for capital improvements or major repairs to the buildings or grounds.
  • •   Buying a property that is part of an HOA can affect the mortgage application and underwriting process.
  • •   HOAs can have specific rules about your property’s appearance and usage, including rules about pets and landscaping.

What Is an HOA (Homeowners Association)?

An HOA is typically a nonprofit volunteer group that manages aspects of homeownership in certain planned unit developments, condos, and other housing communities. The HOA collects fees from each member of the community and uses them to handle maintenance duties and amenities. These may include:

•   Landscaping and maintenance of walkways and the like

•   Pest control

•   Maintenance and utilities for shared spaces, such as lounges and pool areas

•   Garbage pickup

•   Parking

•   Security

Another answer to “What is an HOA?” is that these associations typically enforce rules about the look and feel of the community. There may be guidelines about the size of pets community members are allowed to own or the color schemes permissible for a townhome’s exterior. The existence of an HOA is an important consideration when you’re shopping for a place to live, and HOA fees need to be built into a homebuyer’s financial plan, just like home loan payments.

Recommended: Condo vs Townhouse: 9 Major Differences

How Does an HOA Work?

HOAs can be staffed in different ways. They can be run by people owning property within its boundaries, run by a board of directors, or through a similar arrangement, with board designees elected to oversee and enforce HOA rules.

Many HOAs are incorporated, which makes them subject to the laws of the state and may require them to file annual reports with the corporation commission to remain in good standing.

People who purchase properties within an HOA jurisdiction become members of that organization, and they must abide by the rules contained within that organization’s bylaws and Declaration of Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions (CC&Rs).

HOA rules, fees, and restrictions vary. Some bylaws and CC&Rs are strict, while others are looser, typically focusing on how residents should maintain properties according to the stated specifications. In a planned unit subdivision of single-family homes, for example, rules may include the types of landscaping that are permitted, exterior paint colors that can be used, and the kinds of fencing designs that are allowed.

They can include the rules of using common property, such as a pool, and typically outline penalties for rule violations, ranging from forcing a homeowner to comply with fees to potential litigation.

How Common Are HOAs?

Here are some recent statistics that will help you get an idea of how common HOAs currently are in the U.S.:

•   Approximately 76.5 million Americans live in HOAs, cooperatives, or condominium units.

•   53% of all U.S. homeowners live in HOA communities.

•   28.2 million housing units in America are part of HOA communities.

As you can see, HOAs are quite popular.

What Is an HOA Fee?

Now that you know a bit about what an HOA is, let’s look at the fees they charge. People who buy property in an HOA-governed condo or community usually must pay HOA fees — typically on a monthly basis. These fees help maintain common areas of buildings, such as lobbies and patios, and perhaps community clubhouses. These fees can cover maintenance on elevators or swimming pools, if applicable, or they could be used for landscaping expenses, for example. Additional special assessments may be charged for major repairs, such as roof replacement.

Some studies suggest that average HOA fees range from $200 to $300 per month, although they can be as low as $100 and as high as $1,000 or more. It depends on the HOA complex, where it is, what amenities the project maintains, and sometimes on how the individual HOA is managed.

The most important thing when shopping for a new home is knowing what fees will be assessed on your individual unit and whether that fits your budget.

First-time homebuyers can
prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan,
with as little as 3% down.

Questions? Call (888)-541-0398.

Considering an HOA Property

When considering whether or not to buy a property within an HOA, it makes sense to evaluate what you’d be committing to.

To get an understanding of how the organization operates, you can ask the board of directors if you could read minutes from meetings — if you have a real estate agent, they should be able to help you access records. This may give you a good overview of any challenges the organization is facing and insights into how solutions are brainstormed and implemented.

Things to look into can include:

•   What are the HOA fees each month? What do they cover?

•   If the fees seem low, are enough funds collected to maintain general areas? What about meeting rooms, the gym, the pool area, and so forth?

•   If the HOA fees are higher than expected, do they seem excessive for what you’d get in return?

•   Are homeowners also being charged special assessments to cover other costs? If so, how often, and what are they?

•   How many units are not paying their HOA fees? What are the consequences for that? Are penalties being imposed?

•   If certain units don’t pay their HOA fees, how does this affect other homeowners?

•   Would you be allowed to sublet your unit? Over what term and with what restrictions?

•   Are you allowed to have a pet? If so, what restrictions exist? Ask to read a copy of the CC&Rs, which is recorded public information.

•   Does pending litigation exist against the HOA? If so, what type? Does it involve damage to one unit, or does it affect the entire organization?

If you have friends or family members who are part of this HOA, consider asking them what they like about living there and what they don’t. If you have a friend or family member who owns housing under a different HOA, chat with them as well. Their insights into what questions to ask and issues to explore before buying can be valuable.

You can also review the bylaws, which usually state the voting rights of members, budget and assessment rules, meeting requirements, and other details. Check to see what actions can be taken without a member vote — if they include raising assessments or creating rules, this could have an impact on your buying decision.

Pros vs Cons of HOAs

There are several benefits of buying a property that’s part of an HOA

•  Guidelines to help maintain the look of the community, settle issues, and create harmony among residents

•  Enhanced quality of life and property values

•  Maintenance services so homeowners don’t need to do the work themselves or hire freelance help

That said, there are also possible drawbacks to being part of an HOA.

•  HOA fees that can be prohibitively expensive, and the possibility of special assessments being financially challenging

•  Potentially restrictive guidelines that inhibit your freedom over your property (such as not being allowed to have a certain kind of pet or install solar panels)

•  Volunteers running the HOA vs. skilled real estate professionals, which could lead to inefficiencies

Can You Afford to Buy Into an HOA?

When shopping for a new home or condo, one key consideration is how much you can afford for a house — with the true cost being more than just principal, interest, and homeowners insurance. If you are considering properties that have HOA charges, it’s vital to factor those in to make sure your budget is manageable.

You’ll need a down payment on the home. There are also property taxes, insurance, and closing costs (which can run from 3% to 5% of the home’s cost, paid by the buyer and/or seller according to the contract). And there are expenses other than closing costs, such as moving expenses and furniture, that should be considered as you grapple with how much you can afford.

Plus, you might want to have an emergency fund established for unexpected expenses, whether that’s unanticipated housing repairs, medical expenses, or something else entirely.

To help you figure out that affordable house payment number, check out our mortgage calculator.

What to Know About Mortgages and HOAs

There’s one more factor to consider when thinking about whether to buy into an HOA: the impact it may have on securing your mortgage.

When you buy a property that is part of an HOA, you may need additional documentation for your lender. If your bid is accepted, the lender will likely request an HOA certification (an HOA cert for short). This document provides your lender with a snapshot of how the HOA is being run and may include information about:

•   How old the project is

•   Whether a condominium development was converted from an apartment building or specifically built as condo units

•   How many units exist in the project

•   How many units are occupied

•   How many units are owner-occupied, and how many are rented to someone else

•   How much HOA fees are

•   The amount of insurance on the project

If this information is requested, it will likely be reviewed to confirm that this property meets the lender’s loan eligibility guidelines. Because guidelines can vary from lender to lender and between loan programs, it makes sense to check with your chosen lender as soon as possible.

The HOA cert may also be obtained by the escrow/title company and provided to your lender, along with the relevant CC&Rs. This provides insight into any property restrictions and other aspects that may affect a home’s lendability and marketability.

Recommended: Home Loan vs Mortgage: What You Should Know

The Takeaway

Homeowners Associations (HOAs) are organizations that manage common areas, maintenance, and enforce community rules within planned developments and condos. As a homebuyer, you must factor the required monthly HOA fees and potential special assessments into your budget, as these costs and the association’s financial status can impact your mortgage application. It’s important to weigh the benefits of common area upkeep against the potential drawbacks of restrictive guidelines and the financial commitment before you purchase a property in an HOA.

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FAQ

Why do HOAs exist?

Homeowners associations exist to manage and maintain common areas, enforce community rules, and collect and manage the finances used for community upkeep. Many people who participate in HOAs expect the association to help enhance their property values.

How much are HOA fees?

HOA fees vary widely based on the amenities offered by the development. In general, most people can expect to pay at least $200 to $300 per month.

Can an HOA affect my mortgage application?

Your lender will likely request documentation about the HOA from the association to learn details of the building, how it’s insured, and the financial status of the HOA. It’s also important to factor HOA fees into your monthly housing budget.


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*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
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