Gift Aid vs Self Help Aid For College

Over the past few decades, the cost of earning a college degree has soared. For the 2024-25 academic year, the average cost of attendance was roughly $30,000 at in-state public universities, $49,000 for public universities out of state, and $63,000 at private colleges, according to the College Board.

Those figures can feel overwhelming to many families. Fortunately, financial aid can make higher education far more affordable. Generally speaking, there are two main types: gift aid and self-help aid.

Gift aid is financial assistance that typically does not have to be paid back. This includes grants and scholarships, which may be awarded based on financial need or merit. Self-help aid, on the other hand, includes work-study opportunities and loans. It’s referred to as self-help because the student is responsible for taking action, either by working for wages or repaying borrowed funds.

Understanding the differences between these two types of aid can help you make smarter financial decisions for your education. Here, we’ll walk you through how each type of financial aid works, their pros and cons, and how to qualify.

What Is Gift Aid?

Gift aid refers to financial assistance awarded to students that generally does not require repayment. Gift aid can come from various sources — federal or state governments, colleges, private organizations, nonprofit foundations, and even employers.

Here’s a look at the two main types of gift aid:

Grants

Government agencies, private organizations, and colleges award grants to both undergraduate and graduate students, typically based on financial need. Award amounts, eligibility requirements, and application processes vary depending on the grant.

The largest federal grant program available to undergraduate students is the Pell Grant. For the 2025–26 award year, the maximum Federal Pell Grant is $7,395. Other federal grants include the TEACH Grant (for students who want to pursue a teaching career) and Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (for undergraduate students with exceptional financial need).

There are also state-specific grants and institutional grants. You generally apply for grants by filling out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®).

💡 Quick Tip: SoFi offers low fixed- or variable-interest rates. So you can get a private student loan that fits your budget.

Scholarships

There are thousands of scholarships available to help students pay for college. They are offered by schools, employers, individuals, private companies, nonprofits, communities, religious groups, and professional and social organizations.

Scholarships are often awarded based on merit, such as academic achievement, athletic ability, artistic talent, leadership qualities, or a specific field of study. Some scholarships are based on financial need. There are also scholarships that are geared toward particular groups, such as scholarships for women or students who come from military families.

You can find out about scholarships through your high school guidance counselor and the financial aid office at the school you plan to attend, as well as by using an online scholarship database. “Start researching scholarships early, because gathering the required documents and information to apply takes time, and early deadlines are common for large awards,” advises Brian Walsh, CFP® and Head of Advice & Planning at SoFi.

Pros and Cons of Gift Aid

There are both benefits and drawbacks to gift aid. Here are some to keep in mind:

Pros of Gift Aid

•  No repayment required: You typically don’t have to pay the money back, making it the most financially beneficial type of aid.

•  Reduces long-term debt: Every dollar of gift aid is one less dollar you might need to borrow.

•  Can cover a variety of costs: Depending on the award, funds may be used for tuition, fees, housing, books, and other education-related expenses.

•  Can be renewable: Many grants and scholarships can be renewed annually if you continue to meet the requirements.

Cons of Gift Aid

•  Competitive and limited: Scholarships often have strict eligibility requirements and can be highly competitive.

•  May not cover all expenses: Gift aid often doesn’t fully cover the total cost of attendance.

•  Performance requirements: Some awards require you to maintain a certain GPA, be enrolled full-time, or meet other ongoing conditions.

•  Possible impact on other aid: Receiving large amounts of gift aid can sometimes reduce eligibility for need-based aid.

What Is Self-Help Aid?

Self-help aid includes resources that require either repayment or active participation by the student. Here’s a look at the two main types of self-help aid.

Work-Study Program

The Federal Work-Study Program provides part-time jobs for undergraduate and graduate students with financial need, helping them to earn money they can put towards education expenses. These jobs are often located on campus, but they can also be with off-campus nonprofit organizations or public agencies. Work hours also tend to be flexible to accommodate class schedules.

When you get a work-study job, you’ll earn at least the current federal minimum wage. These earnings will be paid directly to you (unless you request otherwise) and can be used for any expenses, not just tuition.

Students apply for work-study through the FAFSA, which determines eligibility based on financial need. If you’re eligible, work-study will likely be included in your financial aid package.

While work-study can be a great way to earn money and gain work experience, it’s important to note that your earnings will depend on how many hours you can work, and the total award is capped at a certain amount per year.

Federal and Private Student Loans

Student loans are borrowed funds that must be repaid with interest. There are two main types of student loans: federal and private.

Federal student loans are offered by the U.S. Department of Education. These loans generally have lower interest rates and more flexible repayment options. You do not have to start repaying federal student loans until after you graduate, leave school, or change your enrollment status to less than half time.

The main types of federal student loans include:

•  Direct Subsidized Loans: Offered based on financial need, the government pays the interest on these loans while you’re in school at least half-time. There are annual (and total) limits on how much you can borrow.

•  Direct Unsubsidized Loans: These loans are not offered based on financial need, but interest will begin accruing from the moment the loan is disbursed. As with Direct Subsidized Loans, there are annual (and total) limits on how much you can borrow.

•  Direct PLUS Loans: These loans are available to parents of dependent undergraduates and graduate/professional students. Eligibility is based on a credit check, and you can currently borrow up to the full cost of attendance, minus other aid. (Note: Grad PLUS loans are being eliminated as of July 1, 2026.)

Private student loans are provided by banks, credit unions, and other private lenders. A credit check is required, so students typically need a cosigner unless they already have a strong credit history. Private student loans often have higher interest rates and fewer borrower protections than federal student loans. However, they come with higher borrowing limits, which can make them useful for bridging funding gaps if federal aid is insufficient.

💡 Quick Tip: Parents and sponsors with strong credit and income may find much lower rates on no-fee private parent student loans than federal parent PLUS loans. Federal PLUS loans also come with an origination fee.

Pros and Cons of Self-Help Aid

Here’s a look at the advantages and disadvantages of self-help aid:

Pros of Self-Help Aid

•   Accessible to many students: Student loans and work-study programs are widely available.

•   Builds responsibility: Managing work and loan repayment can help students develop time management and budgeting skills.

•   Flexible repayment for federal loans: Federal loans offer options like income-driven repayment, deferment, and loan forgiveness for qualifying borrowers.

•   Work experience: Work-study jobs can build your résumé and help with networking.

Cons of Self-Help Aid

•   Repayment obligation: Loans must be repaid with interest, which can significantly increase the total amount you owe.

•   Potential for debt burden: Borrowing too much can lead to long-term financial strain after graduation.

•   Limited earnings with work-study: Work-study wages are often modest and unlikely to cover major expenses.

•   Time commitment: Balancing work hours with academic responsibilities can be challenging.

Qualifying for Gift Aid and Self-Help Aid

Both gift aid and self-help aid are typically awarded through the college’s financial aid process, and most programs require you to submit the FAFSA each year.

Eligibility for gift aid is often based on:

•   Financial need: Many grants, such as the Pell Grant, are need-based.

•   Academic achievement: Scholarships may require a certain GPA, standardized test score, or other achievements.

•   Special criteria: Some awards are based on factors like major, athletic ability, community service, or demographic background.

How to qualify for self-help aid depends on the type of aid.

•   Work-Study: This is awarded based on financial need as determined by your FAFSA, but also depends on available funding at your school.

•   Federal loans: Students who complete the FAFSA typically qualify for some type of federal student loan, regardless of credit history or income.

•   Private loans: These loans require a credit check, and students without established credit may need a cosigner.

It’s important to meet all deadlines and supply accurate information to maximize your eligibility for any aid.

The Takeaway

When it comes to paying for college, both gift aid and self-help aid can play important roles. Gift aid — grants and scholarships — reduces the cost of college without adding debt, making it the ideal first choice. However, because gift aid alone often doesn’t cover the full cost of attendance, self-help aid like work-study and student loans can help bridge the gap.

A smart approach is to prioritize free money first, then use self-help aid to fill in any remaining needs. Borrow only what you truly need, and be mindful of repayment terms. By understanding your aid options and planning ahead, you can make college more affordable without sacrificing your financial future.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

What is the difference between gift aid and self-help aid?

Gift aid is financial assistance for college that doesn’t need to be repaid, such as grants and scholarships. It’s often awarded based on financial need, academic merit, or special criteria. Self-help aid, on the other hand, requires the student to take action, either by repaying borrowed money (student loans) or working for wages (work-study programs). While gift aid directly reduces costs, self-help aid helps students manage expenses through debt or employment, so it typically requires more responsibility after receiving it.

Do parents who make $120,000 still qualify for FAFSA?

Yes, FAFSA isn’t itself an income-based approval system. It’s simply the application for federal student aid. While high-income households may not qualify for need-based federal grants like the Pell Grant, they can still access unsubsidized federal loans, work-study (in some cases), and merit-based scholarships awarded by colleges that use FAFSA information in their aid decisions.

What is self-help aid for college?

Self-help aid is financial assistance that requires the student to take an active role in covering education costs, either through repayment or work. The two main forms are student loans, which must be repaid with interest, and work-study programs, where students earn money by working party-time jobs, often on campus. Unlike gift aid, which is essentially free money, self-help aid doesn’t reduce tuition costs. Instead, it provides a way for students to manage their expenses.

What are two types of gift aid?

The two main types of gift aid are scholarships and grants. Scholarships are often awarded based on merit, such as academic achievement, athletic skill, leadership, or artistic talent, though some also consider financial need. Grants are typically need-based and come from the federal government, state programs, or institutions. Both scholarships and grants typically do not require repayments, making them highly desirable forms of aid.

---

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Bank, N.A. and its lending products are not endorsed by or directly affiliated with any college or university unless otherwise disclosed.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

SOISL-Q325-147