Financial Health: What It Is and 7 Ways to Improve It

Your financial wellness has a significant impact on your daily life, as well as your future. It reflects how well you are managing your money, working toward short- and long-term goals, and avoiding pitfalls, such as taking on too much debt. What’s more, having poor financial health can lead to money stress, which can in turn affect your physical and mental health.

Read on to learn more about assessing your financial health and techniques that can enhance it.

What Does It Mean to Be Financially Healthy?

Financial health is defined as the current state of your monetary situation, such as your credit, debt, savings, investments, and income. Being financially healthy means you are managing your money well.

You can meet your monthly financial obligations, are on track to achieve your financial goals, and have enough cash in the bank to be able to absorb a financial setback.

Signs that your finances are in good health include:

•  You make enough money to cover your monthly expenses

•  You pay all of your bills on time

•  You have no debt or have debt that is manageable and being repaid on schedule

•  You’re saving enough to meet your short- and long-term goals

•  Your credit score is strong enough to help you qualify for whatever loans you might need at low rates

•  You feel comfortable with your financial situation

How to Check Your Financial Health: 4 Key Areas

Here are four key ways to check on your financial health and how it’s tracking.

Your Savings Rate

Your savings rate is calculated by dividing your monthly savings amount by your monthly gross income, and then multiplying that decimal by 100 to get a percentage. Currently, the average savings rate in the U.S. is around 4.50%, with a rate over 8.00% for long-term savings.

Many people focus on their retirement savings when thinking about savings rates. Because there are so many variables, it’s hard to know exactly how much you need to save for retirement. One rule of thumb is to aim to save at least 1x your salary by 30, 3x by 40, 6x by 50, 8x by 60, and 10x by 67. Check how your savings compares to ideal retirement savings by age to know if you’re on track or if you need to catch up

Your Debt-to-Income Ratio

Carrying too much debt can be harmful to your financial health. Lenders use a calculation called debt-to-income ratio (DTI) that compares a person’s monthly debt payments to their monthly gross income to determine how manageable someone’s debt load is. Lower is generally better. Lenders often like to see DTI ratios of 36% or less.

Your Net Worth Trajectory

Your net worth equals your assets minus your liabilities. You can think about how your net worth will evolve as you consider such factors as earning power, growth of savings over time, and building equity, such as owning your own home. Charting this trajectory regularly can help you evaluate financial progress and devise strategies to increase wealth.

Your Credit Score

Having a strong credit score is an indicator of good financial health. Factors that impact your score include amounts you owe on your debt accounts, repayment history, your credit mix, and the length of credit history. FICO® Scores range from 300 to 850. Having a score above 700 is generally considered good credit, while above 800 is considered excellent.

Recommended: Banking 101

7 Ways to Improve Your Financial Health

Implementing just a few good financial habits — such as tracking your spending and saving at least something each month -– can improve your financial health right away, and even more so over time.

Below are seven practical tips to help you move forward.

1. Create and Follow a Realistic Budget

When it comes to money in and money out each month, many of us leave it to chance — and hope that the numbers work out. Taking some time to actually crunch the numbers and set up a monthly budget, however, can help ensure that you are living within your means, spending in line with your priorities, and working towards your future goals.

A simple way to get started on making a budget is to collect the last few months of financial statements and calculate the average amount coming in (after taxes) each month, and average amount going out each month. Subtract the latter from the former and see what you get. If you’re spending more than you are bringing in, or it’s so close there is little left over for saving, you may want to take a closer look at your spending.

There are many different types of budget but one simple guideline you might consider is the 50/30/20 budget. With the approach, you divide your monthly take-home income into three categories: 50% goes to needs (essentials), 30% goes to wants (nonessentials), and 20% to savings and debt repayment (beyond the minimum payment).

2. Track Your Spending, Net Worth, and Credit Score

Keeping tabs on how much you are spending each month, and on what, is crucial to financial wellness. Indeed, tracking spending can be both eye-opening and motivating. You might notice, for example, that you’re spending more than you think for certain things, or that your spending is out of line with your priorities. You might also spot some immediate areas for improvement.

One easy way to track expenses and spending is to put a budgeting app on your phone (many are free for the basic service). Budgeting apps typically connect with your financial accounts (including bank accounts, credit cards, and investment accounts), track spending, and categorize expenses so you can pinpoint exactly where your money is going.

Also regularly check in on your net worth and credit score, as detailed above. Checking your credit score is typically free at AnnualCreditReport.com.

3. Create a Plan to Pay Down High-Interest Debt

Credit cards and similar high-interest consumer loans can drag down your financial health by making it harder to meet your monthly expenses — and even harder to save for future goals. Paying off high-interest debt is an important investment in your financial future.

If you have multiple balances racking up high interest charges, here are two popular strategies that can help you whittle them down to zero.

The snowball method: With the snowball method, you list your debts by size then put an extra monthly payment towards the loan with the smallest balance, while continuing to pay the minimum on the others. Once the smallest debt is paid, you put your extra payment towards the next smallest balance, and so on.

The avalanche method: Using the avalanche method, you list your debts in order of interest rate then focus extra payments towards the debt with the highest interest rate, while continuing to pay the minimum on the others. Once that debt is paid off, you put your extra payments to the debt with the next-highest interest rate, and so on.

4. Build and Maintain an Emergency Fund

Without an emergency cash cushion, an unexpected expense (like a car repair or large medical bill) or loss of income can quickly derail your finances. You may be forced to rack up expensive credit card debt. This can put you in a debt spiral that can be difficult to get out of, and take a long-term toll on your financial health.

Even if you do have an emergency fund, it’s wise to periodically check in to make sure it’s sufficient. A good rule of thumb is to keep at least three- to six-months’ worth of living expenses in the bank. (If you’re self-employed or work seasonally, you may want to aim for six- to 12-months worth of expenses.) Ideally you want to keep this money in a savings account that earns a competitive rate but allows you to easily access your money when you need it.

5. Automate Your Savings and Investments

Tackling financial health can feel overwhelming, and it’s not likely something you want to be thinking about all the time. Fortunately, it’s easy to automate saving at least a little money every month, which is one of the best financial health-boosters

There are two ways to do this: One is to have a portion of your direct deposit go right into a savings account. The other is to set up a recurring transfer from your checking to your savings on the same day each month ( ideally, right after you get paid). You can’t spend what you don’t see. And, chances are, you won’t even miss it.

To help your savings grow faster, consider putting this money in an online bank. Since online institutions generally have lower overhead than traditional brick-and-mortar banks, they tend to offer better rates and low (or no) fees.

6. Regularly Review Your Insurance Coverage

Another financial health tip is to review your insurance coverage. This kind of coverage can play a vital part in improving and maintaining your financial health. Check in regularly to make sure your insurance is keeping pace with your needs, taking inflation and life events into account.

For instance, you may not have thought life insurance was necessary a couple of years ago, but if you have gotten married or had a child, it’s important to revisit that. The same holds true for checking your other types of insurance, such as homeowners’ insurance.

7. Set Clear and Motivating Financial Goals

When you are setting financial goals, it’s wise to think in terms of short-term (one year or less), medium-term (those that will take a couple to several years to achieve), and long-term (ones that take, say, seven or eight years or longer) to achieve.

Then, you can use the acronym S.M.A.R.T. as a guideline to help you finetune your money aspirations. Here’s what it stands for:

•   S for Specific: Instead of saying your goal is “to be rich,” maybe it’s to have no credit card debt within two years.

•   M for Measurable: Assign specific figures to your goals. For instance, saving for college isn’t a measurable goal, but saving $200K for your children’s college funds is.

•   A for Achievable: Set realistic expectations in terms of amounts and timelines so you don’t wind up feeling disappointed or frustrated.

•   R for Realistic: Similarly, don’t expect to cut your spending by, say, 75% to achieve a goal. And don’t forget to factor in the impact of inflation as you consider longer-term goals.

•   T for Time-based: Give yourself due dates, such as “Save $400 a month until I have $5,000 in my emergency fund in about a year.”

Recommended: When Should You Start Saving for Retirement?

Tools That Can Help You Manage Your Financial Health

There are a number of tools that can help you manage your financial health. Automating your finances can play a key role in success. You might use one, some, or all of these methods.

•   Spending trackers, which may be available from your financial institution or from a third-party

•   Round-up apps, which can round up purchases to the next nearest dollar and put the difference vs. actual purchase price into savings or investments

•   Different budget techniques, which can help you allocate the right amounts to different needs and manage spending.

•   Savings calculators, which can include digital tools like an emergency fund calculator, can offer guidance on how much of your earnings to put towards savings goals.

•   Debt management techniques, which can help you pay off high-interest debt via guidelines like the debt avalanche or snowball method.

•   Robo-advisors to help make the investing process more efficient.

The Takeaway

Some habits that can significantly boost financial wellness include setting up a simple budget, tracking spending, automating savings, building an emergency cash reserve, paying down expensive debt, and investing more of your earnings.
No matter what your income or current state of financial health, putting some smart money habits into place now can go a long way toward boosting your financial security, reducing stress, and building wealth over time.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

What is the first step to improving financial health?

The first step in improving financial health is often creating and following a solid budget. This can allow you to dig into your income, your spending, and your savings, and manage this balance more effectively. Following a budget and tweaking it regularly can help you reach your short- and long-term financial goals.

How often should I do a financial health check?

It’s wise to check in with your finances at least once a year. However, whenever you have a major life change (say, starting a new job, getting married or divorced, having a child, buying a house), it can be a good idea to revisit your money and how you’re managing it.

Can you be financially healthy even with debt?

It is possible to be financially healthy with debt. It’s important to consider how much debt you have and whether it’s considered good (low-interest) or bad (high-interest) debt. For instance, if you have a 30-year $100,000 mortgage as your debt, you are likely in a better situation than someone who has $100,000 in credit card debt.

What is more important, saving or paying off debt?

Both saving and paying off debt are important, and whether one is more important than the other will depend on unique aspects of a given situation. If someone has high-interest debt, it may be wise to focus on paying that off vs. saving. However, if you have low-interest debt (perhaps a mortgage), you might continue to make payments on that while saving for your kids’ college education.

What is a good financial health score?

Financial health scores are sometimes used by financial institutions to measure an individual’s or a business’s financial standing. This score is based on such factors as income, expenses, credit score, debt, and savings/investments. A score between 71 and 100 is considered good.

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