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Ask couples what they fight about most, and money is sure to be at the top of the list. Decades of research have shown that common clashes are sparked by different spending habits, different financial values (which influence spending habits), and how to raise financially smart kids.

While dealing with money isn’t always easy, it doesn’t have to drive a wedge in your relationship. These strategies can help ensure your financial discussions with your partner are productive and — dare we suggest — maybe even something to look forward to.

Meet Regularly — but Don’t Discuss Money

When couples fight about money, the classic mistake is to think that having a regular “money talk” will help solve things. Unlikely.

That’s because the source of most financial disagreements is that one person’s values don’t line up with the other’s. In order to truly ease money stress, you have to start by understanding the bigger wants and needs and priorities of your partner.

Make time to meet regularly and focus on things you both want out of life. It doesn’t have to be a long conversation — maybe 30 minutes, or an hour.

Come Prepared

Consider bringing a list of topics to each meeting, but don’t expect to cover them all. There will be other meetings, and it’s more important to leave each conversation with a sense that you understand each other better. Depending on the stage of your relationship, you might raise some common questions:

Do you want kids? Do you want pets? Do you want to live a certain lifestyle? Start a business? Retire early? Send the kids to private school vs. public?

How important is it to have a vacation each year, or is it more important to have a beautiful home — or both?

Do you both believe in working hard and playing hard? Working to live or living to work? These may sound like cliches, but dig into each topic to get at each person’s core feelings.

Create a Safe Space

A key aspect of these non-money talks has to be a spirit of openness, not criticism or judgment. You’re trying to get to know one another in a slightly different way. Ask questions, take time to listen to each other’s answers.

While these sessions may seem uncomfortable at first, having these non-financial conversations may actually prevent important issues from causing conflicts or money fights in the future.

Again, keep these conversations fairly short. The idea is to find common ground, and that may not happen right away. So don’t expect to agree, expect to learn something new about your partner.

Look for Shared Goals and Points of Agreement

Even couples that fight about money, also agree on plenty of financial issues. Be sure to pay attention as you discover these points in common, and celebrate the fact that you have them.

Knowing that you have financial goals and priorities in common, not just pain points, can build your confidence and momentum and lead to the good part of all this: Having more fun because you’re not stressed about money squabbles!

Address Financial Topics as Organically as You Can

Rather than set up more meetings (who has time?), you can use your newfound empathy and sense of shared values to tackle topics as they come up naturally in your day-to-day lives.

Now you can talk about spending when you get the credit card bill, or when you have to make a tough choice between two competing priorities. In some ways it’s less stressful to discuss whether to refinance the house or set up a Roth IRA when that question comes up organically, rather than trying to anticipate bigger issues.

Be sure to include something fun in your financial plan. Money is for the future, and it’s also for the present, so make sure you enjoy it.

💡 Quick Tip: Typically, checking accounts don’t earn interest. However, some accounts do, and online banks are more likely than brick-and-mortar banks to offer you the best rates.

Let Go of Resentment

Financial inequity between partners — say, if one person has a lot of debt or there’s a large disparity between incomes — can be a common source of tension.

If you feel like one person’s debt is holding you both back, remember that it doesn’t have to last forever. There are many strategies for paying off debt — talking it through will help you find the right path for you both. You might also decide to meet with a financial advisor who can help you prioritize, create a budget, and perhaps even refinance to break even faster.

In cases of income disparity, it may help to reframe each partner’s contribution to the household. Yes, one person may bring in more (or all) of the household income, but be clear on the non-monetary intangibles that the other person is contributing. Cooking, cleaning, watching the kids, caring for aging relatives — these duties all add up and represent what each of you is bringing to the household.

Reward Yourselves

Create incentives to stick with your meeting schedule. Maybe that means taking your laptops to your favorite coffee shop, or treating yourselves to a movie night afterward.

Another idea is to reward yourselves as a couple after you hit a predetermined financial goal or milestone. For example, every month you successfully increase your emergency fund by a target amount, you might choose to enjoy a nice restaurant meal.

Even a free indulgence — like a walk around your favorite lake after the discussion — can be effective. Just make it something that you both enjoy (bonus points if it’s something that you don’t do all the time so it feels extra special). That way, you’ll look forward to it.

The Takeaway

The best way to take the sting out of discussing finances with your partner is to start by getting in sync as people, understanding each other’s values and perspectives. Scheduling time to talk monthly (or whatever cadence works for you) allows you to also savor the ways you are on the same page already, and what some of those shared goals are.

Don’t try to meet about big hairy financial goals that aren’t on the table yet. You do have to plan ahead, but it’s also important (and less stressful) to address money matters as they arise naturally. Then, get back to the fun of living your lives together the rest of the time.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

How do you talk about money in a relationship?

Talking about money in a relationship requires openness and honesty. Start by setting up a regular time to discuss your financial goals, values, and concerns. Create a safe space where both partners can share without judgment. Try to only use “I” statements to express your feelings and avoid blame. This approach helps build trust and ensures both partners are on the same page.

At what point in a relationship should you talk about money?

It’s best to talk about money early in a relationship, ideally before moving in together or becoming financially intertwined. This could be after a few months of dating or when the relationship feels serious. Discussing financial matters early helps prevent misunderstandings and builds a foundation of trust. It’s also wise to revisit the topic periodically as your relationship and financial situations evolve.

What is a financial red flag in a relationship?

A financial red flag in a relationship includes secretive behavior about money, excessive debt, or an unwillingness to discuss financial matters. Other signs include lying about spending, refusing to contribute to shared expenses, and having different financial goals without a plan to reconcile them. Recognizing these red flags early can help you address issues and maintain a healthy, transparent relationship.

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SOBNK-Q225-092

If you’re a parent hoping to send your child to college someday, you’re probably well aware that higher education costs have skyrocketed over the past 10-plus years.

Tuition and fees for the 2024-25 academic year averaged $11,610 at public colleges for in-state residents, $30,780 at public colleges for out-of-state residents, and a whopping $43,350 at private colleges. And the price tag for an undergraduate degree typically goes up every year. Any way you look at it, college is a huge expense for families.

The good news, however, is there are a number of ways to make college more affordable for parents, everything from tax-advantaged college savings accounts to merit- and need-based scholarships to federal student loans.

Smart Ways to Pay for College

What follows are four key strategies that can help you cover the cost of a child’s college education — without going broke.

1. Starting Early With a Savings Plan

There are a variety of accounts to help parents save for child’s college tuition. While you can simply put money aside each month (or year) in a regular savings account, there are advantages to using a savings vehicle that is specifically designed for college savings. Here are two to consider.

529 Savings Plans

A 529 savings plan is a tax-advantaged investment account designed to help save for future education expenses. Your contributions to the account are made with post-tax dollars but, as long as the money stays in the account, no income taxes will be due on earnings. When you take money out to pay for qualified education expenses, those withdrawals may be federal income tax-free — and, in many cases, free of state tax, too.

While 529 plans used to be limited to higher education, the funds can now be used for kindergarten through grade 12, as well as certified apprenticeship programs and qualified student loan repayments.

💡 Quick Tip: You can fund your education with a low-rate, no-fee private student loan that covers all school-certified costs.

Coverdell Education Savings Account

Like a 529, a Coverdell Education Savings Account (ESA) is a tax-advantaged account designed to help save for a child’s future education expenses. Contributions are made on an after-tax basis, but earnings aren’t taxed. When you withdraw the money and use it for qualified education expenses, the investment profits are tax-free.

However, Coverdell accounts come with income and contribution caps. Contributions are capped at $2,000 per year, and you can only make them until your child turns 18. To open and contribute to a Coverdell ESA, your income must be below a certain limit ($110,000 for single filers; $220,000 for married couples).

Coverdell ESA funds must be withdrawn when the beneficiary turns 30, or rolled over to another eligible beneficiary in the family.

2. Looking for Ways to Get Free Money

When figuring out how to pay for college, there are numerous resources available, including scholarships, grants, and other forms of financial aid. These sources of “free money” can provide significant assistance to students based on academic merit, extracurricular achievements, or financial need.

Your Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®) will automatically match you with any federal scholarships and grants you’re eligible for, but there are other types available.

You can look for additional funding options on your own using a search engine like SoFi’s Scholarship Search Tool. You can also research various scholarships offered by corporations, foundations, and non-profit organizations related to your child’s interests and intended field of study.

In addition, your child also can check out the high school guidance department for any information, and you may want to make an appointment with a school counselor to get any tips that might help your search.

If your child has a college selected, funding information is usually available on that school’s website, as well.

Recommended: How Do You Find Non-Academic Scholarships for College?

3. Considering an After-School Job

Encouraging your child to work part-time during high school or college can contribute to funding their education and teach valuable life skills. A part-time job provides them with their own income, reducing their dependence on student loans and parental contributions.

Many colleges offer work-study programs where students can work on campus or in community service roles while earning money for their education expenses. In addition, summer jobs or internships can be an excellent way for students to save for college during their break.

4. Researching Student Loan Options

With the high cost of getting a degree these days, you may not be able to avoid taking on at least some student loan debt. You and your child may want to take some time to research and understand all the student loan options out there — both federal and private — and how they work well-ahead of senior year.

Federal Student Loans

The amount a student can borrow in federal loans will depend on their year in college, status as dependent or independent, and the type of loan or loans they take out.

Parents of dependent undergraduate students can apply for Direct PLUS Loans to help pay for education expenses that aren’t covered by other federal financial aid.

Federal student loans usually have more benefits than loans from banks or other private lenders, so be sure to compare the benefits of each private student loan program, as well as the interest rates and terms.

For example, federal loans offer deferment and forbearance along with programs like Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) and income-driven repayment plans. Private lenders don’t usually offer such perks and protections. It’s generally recommended that students exhaust all federal loan options prior to borrowing private student loans.

Private Student Loans

Private student loans are loans offered by private lenders — such as banks, credit unions, and online financial institutions — to help students pay for educational expenses not covered by federal aid. These loans typically require a credit check and may need a cosigner, especially for students without established credit.

There are, of course, pros and cons to both of those options, so it’s important to do your due diligence on the private lenders you may be considering. What benefits do they offer? What are their rates and terms? Is there any fine print?

If your child doesn’t qualify for enough federal student aid to cover the cost of attending college, private student loans may be a viable option to look into to close the gap.

💡 Quick Tip: Parents and sponsors with strong credit and income may find much lower rates on no-fee private parent student loans than federal parent PLUS loans. Federal PLUS loans also come with an origination fee.

The Takeaway

There’s no one-size-fits-all way to pay for college. Students and their families may end up using a blend of savings, scholarships, grants, work-study, and different types of student loans to finance their education.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

What are 529 savings plans and how can they help with college expenses?

A 529 savings plan is a tax-advantaged investment account designed to help save for future education expenses. Contributions are made with after-tax dollars, but earnings grow tax-free, and withdrawals for qualified education expenses are also tax-free. Funds can be used for K–12 tuition, certified apprenticeship programs, and student loan repayments.

What types of financial aid are considered “free money” for college?

Scholarships and grants are forms of financial aid that don’t need to be repaid. They can be awarded based on academic merit, extracurricular achievements, or financial need. Completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) is essential to access federal scholarships and grants.

When might private student loans be a suitable option for covering college costs?

Private student loans can help fill funding gaps after exhausting federal aid options. They are offered by banks, credit unions, and online lenders, and terms vary based on creditworthiness. It’s important to compare interest rates, repayment terms, and borrower protections before choosing a private loan.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOISL-Q225-048

Currently, the average cost for one in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle in the United States is $12,400, according to data from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. That alone is a steep price tag, and many patients go through several cycles of IVF before conceiving or attempting other options. Many clinics also charge fees for add-on procedures, which can bring the total cost of a single treatment to well over $20,000.

Fortunately, there are a number of different funding options for fertility treatments. These include budgeting and saving, insurance coverage, flexible spending accounts, IVF financing, loans, and grants. Read on for a closer look at ways to make the cost of IVF more manageable.

IVF Financing: 9 Ways to Pay for Treatment

For many prospective parents, the cost of IVF is worth every penny, as it can provide the chance to have children. If you’re wondering how to pay for treatment, consider these option for funding IVF.

1. Tapping into Your Health Insurance

A good first step is to check whether your health insurance will cover IVF. There are currently 21 states and the District of Columbia that require insurance companies to cover infertility treatment, but only 14 include IVF in the requirement.

You can contact your insurer to find out your specific benefits. Depending on where you live, coverage can run the gamut. Some plans will cover IVF but not the accompanying injections that women may also require, while other plans will cover both. Some insurers will only cover a certain number of attempts. And some plans do not cover IVF at all.

If you have the option and if the timing works out with your enrollment period, you might consider switching your insurance plan to one that covers, or partially covers, IVF.

2. Using Your Health Savings Account or Flexible Spending Account

A health savings account (HSA) allows you to put pre-tax money aside for medical expenses. Typically, you get an HSA in tandem with a qualifying high-deductible health plan. If you have funds in your HSA, you can use them to pay for IVF and related medical expenses. As long as you paid for the expenses after you opened the HSA, you can reimburse yourself for them at any time — it doesn’t have to be in the year that you incurred the costs.

If your employer offers a flexible spending account (FSA), you can also use those funds to pay for IVF. You don’t need a qualifying health plan to have and use this account. However, you can only use the funds for medical expenses incurred during the plan year. Also, if you don’t use all of the money you set aside, you generally lose it. However, you may be able to carry over a certain amount to the following year.

Bear in mind that there are annual limits on how much money you can contribute to either kind of account. For 2025, the individual cap on HSA contributions is $4,300 and the family cap is $8,550. Health flexible spending account limits are $3,300 for 2025.

3. Budgeting and Saving

If you’re planning to pay for IVF out-of-pocket and you don’t just have that kind of cash lying around, the most basic financial move is to save up, the way you would for any major expense. You may want to open a high-yield savings account dedicated to your IVF fund, then set up an automatic recurring transfer from your checking account into that account each month.

Depending on your timeline, you may need to cut back on discretionary expenses, such as meals out, streaming services, a gym membership, and non-essential purchases, at least temporarily. Any expense you cut can now get diverted into your IVF savings fund. You may want to investigate different types of budgeting methods to find a system that works best for you in this scenario.

4. Borrowing From a Loved One

If you have a friend or relative who is financially comfortable, you might consider asking them for a loan. There may be people in your life who would be happy to support your efforts to build your family. If you go this route, however, it’s a good idea to set out the terms of the loan clearly, including whether you’ll pay interest and, if so, at what rate, and when and how you’ll repay the loan. Setting out clear terms, and honoring those terms, can help ensure that the loan doesn’t damage your relationship in any way.

5. Applying for a Fertility Loan or IVF Loan

Some fertility clinics work with lenders that specialize in IVF financing. This allows you to pay for your out-of-pocket IVF costs in installments over time. These loans can offer anywhere from $5,000 to $100,000, and interest rates can range from 0% to 35.99%. IVF lenders typically determine whether you qualify for financing, and at what rate, based on your financial qualifications and credit. With this type of loan, the money is usually paid directly to the clinic rather than you, the borrower.

In addition, there are personal loans designed to help people pay for treatment costs. These are offered by banks and other lenders, and you may see them called fertility loans, IVF loans, and family planning loans. (Learn more about personal loans below.)

6. Applying for a Grant

A number of nonprofit organizations offer grants and scholarships to those who cannot afford to pay for IVF. These grants are usually income-based, meaning you must demonstrate a need to qualify. Organizations that offer IVF grants include the Cade Foundation, Journey to Parenthood, Gift of Parenthood, the Baby Quest Foundation, and the Starfish Fertility Foundation.

Resolve offers a list of fertility treatment scholarships and grants on their site. It’s also a good idea to ask your fertility clinic about any local or national grant or scholarship opportunities they know of.

7. Taking Out a Home Equity Line of Credit

If you own a home, you may be able to take out a home equity loan or home equity line of credit (HELOC) and use the funds to pay for IVF. The amount you can borrow and the terms depend on the amount of equity you have in your home, as well as your credit history, debt-to-income ratio, and other factors.

The advantage of this type of IVF financing is that home equity loans and credit lines often have lower interest rates than credit cards and other types of loans. The downside is that you need to have equity in order to qualify, and you must use your home as collateral for the loan (which means that if you have trouble making payments, you could potentially lose your home).

Recommended: How to Avoid Loan Origination Fees

8. Borrowing From Your Retirement Account

You generally don’t want to tap your retirement nest egg before retirement, but if no other funding sources are available, borrowing from your retirement account, such as an 401(k), could be an option.

You may be able to borrow up to $50,000 or half of the amount vested in your 401(k) — whichever is smaller. If you take this path, you are basically lending the money to yourself at market interest rates for up to five years. Keep in mind, though, that 401(k) plan providers will typically charge fees to process and service a loan, which adds to the cost of borrowing and repayment. Also, not all employers offer these loans.

In addition, you might qualify to withdraw money from your individual retirement account (IRA) or 401(k) to pay for IVF treatment if your plan allows what’s called a hardship withdrawal. This allows you to avoid the 10% early withdrawal penalty, but you’ll still have to pay income tax on any withdrawals you make.

9. Taking Out a Personal Loan

Compared to using high-interest credit cards or tapping your IRA, a personal loan might be a better option for many people. A personal loan can be used for almost any expense, including IVF, and typically comes with a fixed interest rate that is lower than most credit cards.

Unlike a home equity loan or credit line, personal loans are typically unsecured, which means you don’t need to put your home or any other asset at risk. Also, you do not need to have any equity in your home to qualify. Instead, a lender will look at your overall financial qualifications to determine whether or not to approve you for a loan and, if so, at what rate and terms.

Recommended: Personal Loan Calculator

The Takeaway

IVF might be one of the most meaningful investments you’ll ever make, but it can be a major expense. You can look to your insurance, health savings accounts, cash savings, or a loved one for help with IVF funding. If that’s not enough, an unsecured personal loan may be a smart way to finance treatment and help make your dreams a reality.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.

FAQ

What is an IVF loan?

An IVF loan is typically a kind of personal loan designed to pay for fertility treatment costs. It’s an installment loan: You receive a lump sum of cash and then repay it, with interest, over time.

Can I get a personal loan for fertility treatments?

Personal loans can be used for almost any purpose, and fertility treatments are one option. You may see personal loans specially designed for this purpose. To qualify, you will need to go through the application process, have your credit reviewed, and see what terms you are offered.

Are there medical loans that cover IVF?

Yes, you can likely find loans that cover IVF in two ways. Some fertility clinics partner with lenders to offer funding, or you can apply for a personal loan to finance the expense of IVF treatments.

What is the best way to finance IVF?

Deciding how to finance IVF is a very personal decision, based on a variety of factors. Homeowners with equity might choose a HELOC; others might apply for a personal loan; and still others might seek a grant or a loan from a family member.

Does insurance cover IVF?

Some health insurance policies cover IVF. Check your policy for details; the amount of coverage and its details can vary greatly.

Can I use an HSA or FSA for IVF expenses?

Yes, you may be able to use HSA or FSA funds for IVF expenses, but it’s important to check the eligibility guidelines to see which aspects of your treatment are covered.

What are alternatives to IVF loans if I have bad credit?

If you have bad credit and are seeking IVF financing, you may find lenders, albeit with higher interest rates and less favorable terms. Other options include payment plans with your healthcare provider, a loan from a family member or close friend, and/or applying for grants.

About the author

Julia Califano

Julia Califano is an award-winning journalist who covers banking, small business, personal loans, student loans, and other money issues for SoFi. She has over 20 years of experience writing about personal finance and lifestyle topics. Read full bio.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOPL-Q225-040

A first-time homebuyer isn’t only someone purchasing a first home. It can be anyone who has not owned a principal residence in the past three years, some single parents, a spouse who has not owned a home, and more.

If the thought of a down payment and closing costs sends a chill down your spine, realize that first-time homebuyers often have access to special grants, loans, and programs.

“First-Time Homebuyer” Under the Microscope

To get a sense of who qualifies for a mortgage as a first-time homebuyer, let’s take a look at the government’s definition.

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) says first-time buyers meet any of these criteria:

•   An individual who has not held ownership in a principal residence during the three-year period ending on the date of the purchase.

•   A single parent who has only owned a home with a former spouse.

•   An individual who is a displaced homemaker (has worked only in the home for a substantial number of years providing unpaid household services for family members) and has only owned a home with a spouse.

•   Both spouses if one spouse is or was a homeowner but the other has not owned a home.

•   A person who has only owned a principal residence that was not permanently attached to a foundation (such as a mobile home when the wheels are in place).

•   An individual who has owned a property that is not in compliance with state, local, or model building codes and that cannot be brought into compliance for less than the cost of constructing a permanent structure.

For conventional (nongovernment) financing through private lenders, Fannie Mae’s criteria are similar.

Recommended: The Complete First-Time Homebuyer Guide

Options for First-Time Homebuyers

First-time homebuyers may not realize that they, like other buyers, may qualify to buy a home with much less than 20% down.

They also have access to first-time homebuyer programs that may ease the credit requirements of homeownership.

Federal Government-Backed Mortgages

When the federal government insures mortgages, the loans pose less of a risk to lenders. This means lenders may offer you a lower interest rate.

There are three government-backed home loan options: FHA loans, USDA loans, and VA loans. In exchange for a low down payment, you’ll pay an upfront and annual mortgage insurance premium for FHA loans, an upfront guarantee fee and annual fee for USDA loans, or a one-time funding fee for VA loans.

Note: SoFi does not offer USDA loans at this time. However, SoFi does offer FHA, VA, and conventional loan options.

FHA Loans

The Federal Housing Administration, part of HUD, insures fixed-rate mortgages issued by approved lenders. On average, more than 80% of FHA-insured mortgages are for first-time homebuyers each year.

If you have a FICO® credit score of 580 or higher, you could get an FHA loan with just 3.5% down. If you have a score between 500 and 579, you may still qualify for a loan with 10% down.

USDA Loans

The U.S. Department of Agriculture offers assistance to buy (or, in some cases, even build) a home in certain rural areas. Your income has to be within a certain percentage of the average median income for the area.

If you qualify, the loan requires no down payment and offers a fixed interest rate.

VA Loans

A mortgage guaranteed in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs requires no down payment and is available for military members, veterans, and certain surviving military spouses.

Although a VA loan does not state a minimum credit score, lenders who make the loan will set their minimum score for the product based on their risk tolerance.

💡 Quick Tip: When house hunting, don’t forget to lock in your home mortgage loan rate so there are no surprises if your offer is accepted.

Government-Backed Conventional Mortgages

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, government-backed mortgage companies, do not originate home loans. Instead, they buy and guarantee mortgages issued through lenders in the secondary mortgage market.

They make mortgages available that are geared toward lower-income, lower-credit score borrowers.

Freddie Mac’s Home Possible program offers down payment options as low as 3%. There are also sweat equity down payment options and flexible terms.

Fannie Mae’s 97% LTV (loan-to-value) program also offers 3% down payment loans.

A Mortgage for Certain Civil Servants

If you’re a law enforcement officer, firefighter, or EMT working for a federal, state, local, or Indian tribal government agency, or a teacher at a public or private school, the HUD-backed Good Neighbor Next Door Program could be a good fit. It provides 50% off the listing price of a foreclosed home in specific revitalization areas. In turn, you have to commit to living there for 36 months.

Homes are listed on the HUD website each week, and you have to put an offer in within seven days. Only a registered HUD broker can submit a bid for you on a property.

If you’re using an FHA loan to buy a home in the Good Neighbor Next Door Program, the down payment will be $100. If using a VA loan to purchase a house through the program, buyers will receive 100% financing. If using a conventional home loan, the usual down payment requirements stay the same.

State, County, and City Assistance

It isn’t just the federal government that helps to get first-time buyers into homes. State, county, and city governments and nonprofit organizations run many down payment assistance programs.

HUD is the gatekeeper, steering buyers to state and local programs and offering advice from HUD home assistance counselors.

The National Council of State Housing Agencies has a state-by-state list of housing finance agencies, which cater to low- and middle-income households. Contact the agency to learn about the programs it offers and to get answers to housing finance questions.


💡 Quick Tip: Jumbo mortgage loans are the answer for borrowers who need to borrow more than the conforming loan limit values set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency ($832,750 in most places, and up to $1,249,125 in high-cost areas). If you have your eye on a pricier property, a jumbo loan could be a good solution.

Using Gift Money

First-time homebuyers might also want to think about seeking down payment and closing cost help from family members.

If you’re using a cash gift, your lender will want a formal gift letter, and the gift cannot be a loan. Home loans backed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac only allow down payment gifts from someone related to the borrower. Government-backed loans have looser requirements.

Want to use your 401(k) to make a down payment? You could, but financial advisors frown on the idea. Borrowing from your 401(k) can do damage to your retirement savings.

The Takeaway

First-time homebuyers may still be in good shape even if they don’t have much of a down payment or their credit isn’t stellar. Lots of programs, from local to federal, give first-time homeowners a break.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

FAQ

Can you be considered a first-time homebuyer twice?

Yes, there are multiple scenarios in which you can be considered a first-time homebuyer. When you’re buying your first home is one, of course, but others include if you or your partner has not owned a home for three years prior to your closing, if you are a displaced homemaker who previously owned a home with your spouse, or if you are a single parent who previously owned owned a home with your ex.

What credit score is needed for a first-time homebuyer?

For a conventional loan, a first-time homebuyer will typically need a credit score of 620 or more. However, many homebuyers may be eligible for government-backed loans potentially available to people with lower scores, like FHA loans, VA loans, and USDA loans.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOHL-Q225-045

The desire to help your child pay for college so they can focus on their studies is a strong one, but it’s important to consider your options when it comes to borrowing money.

Parents have a couple of options for borrowing to help pay for their child’s college education. They can borrow a Parent PLUS Loan — a type of federal loan — or a private student loan to help their child pay for college. Though, it may not always make sense for parents to take on debt on behalf of their child’s education.

Read on for a high-level overview of which types of student loans parents can apply for, as well as some advantages and disadvantages of taking out those loans in your name.

What Are Parent Student Loan Options?

As mentioned, parents interested in borrowing a loan to help their students pay for college have two main options. The first is a Parent PLUS Loan, a federal loan available through the Direct Loan Program. The other is borrowing a parent loan from a private lender.

Parent PLUS Federal Student Loans

Parent PLUS Loans are a type of federal student loan that can be borrowed by the parent of an undergraduate student to help their child pay for college education costs. The benefits of a Parent PLUS Loan can include:

•   A fixed interest rate

•   Deferment under certain conditions

•   Flexible repayment options

•   Possible eligibility for Public Service Loan Forgiveness

To apply for a Parent PLUS Loan, your child must first file the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, also known as FAFSA®. Then, eligible parents of undergraduate students can fill out the Direct PLUS Loan application online.

It’s not possible to transfer a Parent PLUS Loan to your child. However, Parent PLUS refinancing with a private lender may allow your child to refinance a Parent PLUS Loan in their name.

Keep in mind that your child may be eligible for federal student aid including federal loans, scholarships, and grants too. If your child is taking out federal student loans, they may be eligible for:

•   Direct Subsidized Loans. Direct Subsidized Loans are subsidized by the federal government and students are not responsible for paying accrued interest while they are enrolled, during the loan’s grace period, or during qualifying terms of deferment.

•   Direct Unsubsidized Loans. Direct Unsubsidized Loans are not subsidized by the federal government and student borrowers are responsible for accrued interest costs on the loan while they are enrolled in school.

•   Direct PLUS Loans (for graduate school). Direct PLUS Loans are available for graduate students. These loans are unsubsidized, meaning they begin accruing interest immediately upon disbursement.

Depending on demonstrated financial need, your child may qualify for a combination of these loan types in addition to scholarships, grants, or work-study. However, if all other federal aid is exhausted, the Parent PLUS Loan might be an option to supplement your child’s tuition payments after federal aid, scholarships, or grants.

Private Student Loans for Parents

When federal student loan options are exhausted, some students and parents may turn to private student loans to help fund their education. Parents can take out a private loan in their own name to pay for college for their student. If you have a strong credit history, you might consider a private loan over the PLUS Loan — there’s a chance you could potentially qualify for a lower interest rate.

With a private student loan, you may have the option of a fixed- or variable-rate loan, potentially giving you more flexibility on repayment. You can also choose the term length of a loan, as well.

Your child can also apply for private loans, but in many cases, they’ll require a cosigner.

Private Student Loans for Parents vs Parent PLUS Loans

This table provides a high-level overview of the differences between private student loans for parents and Parent PLUS loans.

Pros and Cons of Taking the Loan Out in Your Name

Taking out a student loan for your child in your name — federal or private — could mean less of a financial burden on your child as they enter college. Since the loans are in your name, it’s not up to your child to pay them, even after a degree is earned.

Pros of Taking Out a Loan for Your Child

Borrowing can be a tool to help you pay for your child’s education. If you can afford to make the loan payments without sacrificing your own financial security, this could be a helpful move for your child.

Another pro is that the loan payments will be made in your name — that means they’ll count toward your credit history. If you’re able to make all of the loan payments on time, it could prove to have a beneficial impact on your credit score.

If you have a strong credit history, you could potentially qualify for a more competitive interest rate than your child could.

Cons of Taking Out a Loan for Your Child

The most obvious con is that while you’ll be able to help your child pay for college, you’ll need to repay the money with interest. Other types of aid like scholarships, grants, and Direct Subsidized or Unsubsidized Loans borrowed by your child are generally prioritized over a parent loan.

Again, because the loan is in your name, any late payments or issues will be attributed to your personal credit history. Things like late payments have the potential to impact your credit score.

There’s nothing wrong with wanting to borrow for your child’s future, just consider all your options and think about what you, or they, can afford to pay back. It’s almost always a good idea to maximize federal aid and scholarships before resorting to loans of any kind.

The following table provides an overview of some of the pros and cons for borrowing as a parent to help your student pay for college.

The Takeaway

Parent PLUS Loans are federal loans that allow parents of undergraduate students to help pay for their child’s education. These loans have a fixed interest rate and are eligible for most federal repayment plans.

Another option parents can consider is a private loan. Parents with a strong credit history may be able to qualify for more competitive interest rates through a private student loan.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

Which type of student loans can parents take out on behalf of the student?

Parents with undergraduate students have two options for borrowing to help their child pay for college. They can borrow a Direct PLUS Loan through the federal government or a private loan from a private lender.

Who is responsible for paying back Parent PLUS Loans?

Parent PLUS Loans are in the parent’s name. The parent is solely responsible for repaying the loan.

What can you do if you aren’t able to take out a Parent PLUS Loan?

If you aren’t able to borrow a Parent PLUS Loan, you can consider adding a cosigner to your PLUS Loan application. This may help your chances of getting approved. Additionally, if you are applying for a private loan, you may have the option of adding a cosigner which could potentially improve your chances of gaining approval or securing a more competitive interest rate.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.