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If you don’t have a 20% down payment on a home, that’s OK. Most buyers don’t. But if you’re in that league and acquire a conventional mortgage, the lender will want extra assurance — insurance, actually — that you’ll pay the loan back. Private mortgage insurance (PMI) is usually the price to pay until you reach 20% equity or, as lenders say, 80% loan-to-value.

In an effort to help low- and middle-income borrowers, the Biden-Harris Administration reduced monthly mortgage insurance premiums for new FHA loans — that is, loans backed by the Federal Housing Administration. However, those cuts do not affect homebuyers with conventional loans and PMI.

Can you avoid PMI? It’s tough. Below, we’ll take a closer look at PMI, strategies to avoid it, and how to know when you can get rid of it.

What Is PMI?

Private mortgage insurance is charged by lenders of conventional home mortgage loans, which are loans not insured by a government agency. FHA, VA (Veterans Administration), and USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture) loans are government-insured loans.

The 30-year conventional home loan is the most common mortgage, and 20% down is ideal. But…

You’ve seen home prices lately. Twenty percent down on a $250,000 or $400,000 or $750,000 home is just not doable for everyone. In 2024, the median down payment for buyers was 18%, but for first-time homebuyers, it was nine percent, according to the National Association of Realtors.®

PMI is meant to protect the lender from risk. The premiums help the lender recoup its losses if a borrower can’t make the mortgage payments and goes into default.

How Much Does PMI Cost?

PMI is often 0.5% to 1.5% of the total loan amount per year, but can range up to 2.25%.

The cost of PMI depends on the type of mortgage you get, how much your down payment is, your credit score, the type of property, the loan term, and the level of PMI coverage required by your lender.

If you’re shopping for a mortgage and you apply for one or more, the premium will be shown on your loan estimate. If you go forward with a home loan, the premium will be shown on the closing disclosure.

How to Pay PMI

Most borrowers pay PMI monthly as a premium added to the mortgage payment.

Another option is to pay PMI with a one-time upfront premium at closing.

Yet another is to pay a portion of PMI up front and the remainder monthly.

How to Avoid PMI Without 20% Down

One way to avoid PMI is to make use of a piggyback mortgage. Another is to seek out lender-paid mortgage insurance.

Piggyback Loan

With a piggyback loan, typically an 80/10/10 mortgage, you’d take out two loans at the same time, a first mortgage for 80% of the home price and a second mortgage for 10% of the home value, and put 10% down. Note: SoFi does not offer piggyback loans. SoFi does offer fixed-rate and adjustable-rate first mortgages, as well as VA and FHA loans.

The 80% loan is usually a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage, and the 10% loan is typically a home equity line of credit that “piggybacks” on the first mortgage.

A 75/15/10 piggyback loan is more commonly used for a condo purchase because mortgage rates for condos are higher when the loan-to-value ratio (LTV) exceeds 75%.

Both loans do not have to come from the same lender. Borrowers can tell their primary mortgage lender that they plan to use a piggyback loan and be referred to a second lender for the additional financing.

Because you’d be taking out two loans, your debt-to-income ratio (monthly debts / gross monthly income x 100) will fall under more scrutiny. Mortgage lenders typically want to see a DTI ratio of no more than 36%, but that is not necessarily the maximum.

Piggybackers will need to be prepared to make two mortgage payments. They will want to examine whether that secondary loan payment will be higher than PMI would be.

Lender-Paid Mortgage Insurance

In most cases with lender-paid mortgage insurance (LPMI), the lender pays the PMI on your behalf but bumps up your mortgage interest rate slightly. A 0.25% rate increase is common.

Monthly payments could be more affordable because the cost of the PMI is spread out over the whole loan term rather than bunched into the first several years. But the loan rate will never change unless you refinance.

Borrowers will want to look at how long they expect to hold the mortgage when comparing PMI and LPMI. If you need a short-term mortgage, plan to refinance in a few years, or want the lowest monthly payment possible, LPMI could be the way to go. Note: SoFi does not offer LPMI.

When PMI Is No Longer Required

Borrowers generally need to have 20% equity in their home to drop PMI.

The Homeowners Protection Act was put in place to protect consumers from paying more PMI than they are required to. Specifically for single-family principal mortgages closed on or after July 29, 1999, the law covers two scenarios: borrower-requested PMI termination and automatic PMI termination.

Once you’ve built 20% equity in your home, meaning you’re at an 80% LTV based on the home’s original value (the sales price or the original appraised value, whichever is lower), you can ask your mortgage loan servicer — in writing — to cancel your PMI if you’re current on all payments. Your monthly mortgage statement shows your loan servicer information.

The very date of this occurrence, barring no extra payments, should have been given to you in a PMI disclosure form when you received your mortgage. It’s based on your loan’s amortization schedule.

As long as you’re current on all payments, PMI will automatically terminate on the date when your principal mortgage balance reaches 78% of the original value of your home.

If that LTV ratio is not reached by the midpoint of the mortgage amortization period, PMI must end the month after that midpoint.

PMI vs. MIP vs. Funding Fees

The upside of PMI is that it unlocks the door to homeownership for many who otherwise would still be renting. The downside is, it adds up.

If you’re tempted to go with an FHA mortgage, realize that this type of loan requires up front and annual mortgage insurance premiums (MIP) that go on for the life of the loan if the down payment was less than 10%.

Mortgages insured by the Department of Veterans Affairs come with a sizable funding fee, with a few exceptions, and loans backed by the Department of Agriculture come with up front and annual guarantee fees.

Ways to Boost a Down Payment

A bigger down payment not only may allow a borrower to avoid PMI but usually will afford a better loan rate and provide more equity from the get-go, which translates to less total loan interest paid.

So how to afford a down payment? You could shake down Dad or Granny (just kidding; Grandma responds better to sweet talk than coercion). For a conventional loan, gift funds from a relative or from a domestic partner or fiance count toward a down payment. There’s no limit to the gift, but you may be expected to come up with part of the down payment. You’ll also need to present a formal gift letter to validate the funds given to you.

A gift of equity is a wonderful thing indeed. When a seller gives a portion of the home’s equity to the buyer, it is shown as a credit in the transaction and may be used to fund the down payment on principal or second homes.

You could look into down payment assistance from state, county, and city governments and nonprofit organizations, which usually cater to first-time homebuyers. And home listings on Zillow now include information about down payment assistance programs that might be available to buyers searching for homes on the platform.

Even if you can’t come up with 20%, it’s all good because PMI doesn’t last forever, and real estate is one of the key ways to build generational wealth.

The Takeaway

What is PMI? Private mortgage insurance typically goes along for the ride when a borrower puts less than 20% down on a conventional mortgage. A gift or other down payment assistance can fatten the down payment and help you avoid PMI. If you do end up paying, you can step away from PMI once your equity reaches 20%.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

FAQ

Is it better to put down 20% or pay PMI?

It would be great to make a down payment of 20% and avoid private mortgage insurance (PMI) but not everyone can afford it. It’s particularly hard for first-time homebuyers, who often don’t have income from the sale of another residence to fund their next home. Use a home affordability calculator to look carefully at monthly mortgage payment amounts for different home prices and interest rates. Then put down what you feel you can afford without compromising your ability to cover other bills.

How long do I have to pay PMI?

If you are paying private mortgage insurance, you’ll need to pay until you have built up 20% equity in your home (based on the original sale price of the home). At this point, you can request in writing that your loan servicer cancel PMI if you are current on your payments.

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There are various ways to maximize your credit card rewards for travel, including timing large purchases strategically and using shopping portals. These techniques can help you hit your travel goals more quickly and get you off on your next adventure. Learn more about travel rewards from credit cards and making the most of them.

Types of Credit Card Rewards for Travel

Just as there are many different types of credit cards, rewards from credit card use come in several varieties. When it comes to using rewards for travel, consider these options to find what best suits your needs:

•   Airline points and miles cards: With these credit cards, you typically earn miles or points on purchases made with the card. These can be redeemed with the particular airline’s rewards programs. Examples of airline credit cards include the Citi AAdvantage Mastercard and United Explorer Card.

•   Hotel credit cards: With this kind of travel credit card, you typically rack up points that can be used for rewards (such as upgrades or free nights) at a particular hotel chain. For instance, the Marriott Bonvoy Boundless Credit Card, Hilton Honors American Express Card, and IHG ONE Rewards Premier Credit Card are all examples of these cobranded cards.

•   Flexible currency cards: With these cards, you are not locked into a single airline or hotel chain. The points/miles and rewards you earn can be transferred to different programs, via Ultimate Rewards, ThankYou Points, and Membership Rewards.

You might use a conventional rewards credit card that earns cash back and lets you redeem your rewards for cash in the form of a statement credit, bank transfer, or check. You can then apply this toward travel-related expenses. The best rewards credit card for travel will be the one that suits your needs and spending style.

Credit cards that earn points typically let you redeem those points for things like travel, cash back, gift cards, and merchandise. The value of points will vary, but generally, a point is worth about $0.01. However, you may get better value when you redeem points for things like travel.

There are many factors to consider when deciding between credit card miles vs. cash back vs. points cards. Cash back cards often have low or no annual fees, and you can redeem your cash back for any purpose. However, they don’t usually have high-value welcome offers and may not offer as many benefits as other rewards cards. Credit cards that earn points or miles offer travel-related benefits and can help reduce the cost of travel, but they may charge large annual fees, and the value of the points and miles may vary.

Recommended: What Is the Average Credit Card Limit and How Can You Increase It?

5 Steps for Using Rewards for Travel

Here are five easy steps for using your rewards for travel.

1. Set a Travel Goal

First, set a travel goal. Decide where you want to go and when. If you are flexible on dates, you can save money or points. For example, flying a few weeks before Christmas instead of a few days before can save you a lot of money.

Is there a certain hotel or resort you dream of staying in? Do a little research to see what their rates are like. You might see that your target dates are at a time of high demand and cost due to a special event at that moment. You can then move your date a bit to avoid those extra-high prices. Or perhaps you are looking for just a two-night stay at a hotel near Lake Como, Italy, but all the lodging there has three-night minimums in summer. This kind of intel can be very useful as you plan.

Also, once you determine your goal, you can begin to develop a travel budget and start a travel fund to keep your money secure as you save and earn some interest.

2. Figure Out the Miles and Points You Need

Once you know where you want to go and when, you should see which miles and/or points you will need to get there. Scope out which airlines fly to your destination from your home airport (or another nearby), and which airlines they might partner with.

As you research routes that you might take, get a rough idea of how many miles or points the flights might cost. Be aware of blackout dates and other special considerations.

3. Research Airline and Hotel Loyalty Programs

Most hotels and airlines have loyalty programs in which you earn and redeem points and miles with that hotel or airline. Every hotel and airline has its own point system, though some have networks of partners, in which rewards can be used at multiple brands.

Airline partners within the same airline alliance allow you to redeem miles on flights operated by their partners. For example, Star Alliance includes airlines such as Air Canada, TAP Portugal, United Airlines, and many more. If you are looking at a flight, you may want to look up potential partners, as it is sometimes cheaper to book that flight with miles from a different partner.

4. Shop for Credit Cards That Will Help You Meet Your Goal

Once you know which airlines and hotels will work best for your travel goal, you can figure out which credit card rewards can help you reach that travel goal.

Credit cards with rewards can be an example of how families afford to travel. You can earn points and miles every time you swipe or tap and then redeem them for travel expenses, like flights and hotels.

You may want to apply for a credit card with the specific airline or hotel, or one that offers points that are transferable to airline and hotel partners (like Chase Ultimate Rewards or American Express Membership Rewards). Be sure to research which airlines and hotels these rewards programs partner with. You should also compare things like annual fees, welcome offers, earning structures, and benefits like travel insurance. Make sure you understand how credit card travel insurance works; that can be an important perk.

5. Track Your Progress

Once you have signed up for the credit card(s) that will help you meet your travel goal, there are a few things that you will need to track. If your credit card has a welcome bonus after spending a certain amount, you will need to track your progress toward that minimum amount. Some banks track this for you in your account, but others do not. Some other things that you may want to consider tracking include:

•   Spending requirements

•   Spending goals

•   Deadlines

•   Bonus reward categories

•   Points expiration dates

•   Hotel points to help save on hotel costs

•   Frequent flier miles

Recommended: Getting the Most Out of Your Credit Card Rewards

Tips for Maximizing Your Cards

Maximizing your cards is important to get the most rewards that you can. Follow this advice to help squeeze every last drop of value from your cards.

Label Your Cards

If you have multiple credit cards, it can be difficult to remember which one to use for which purchase. You may have one card that earns more on dining, another that earns more on gas, and a third that earns more on groceries. Some credit cards have rotating bonus categories that change throughout the year and may offer a short-term bonus earning opportunity, like extra points on gas purchases for the next few weeks.

If you have trouble remembering which card to use for which purchase, you can try using stickers or tape on the card with words like “gas” or “dining.” This can help you find the right card at the right moment. This strategy can also offer some helpful guidance if you have a partner who is not as invested in maximizing their cards as you are.

Time Large Purchases Strategically

If you know that you will have a large or several large purchases coming up in the near future, you may want to plan your credit card strategy around them. You might apply for a new credit card with a welcome offer shortly before making the large purchase. Some credit cards have welcome offers that require you to spend a certain amount during the first few months. If you would not otherwise spend that amount of money, timing it around the large purchase could help you meet this minimum spend and earn a hefty bonus (say, extra points).

Utilize Shopping and Dining Portals

Shopping and dining portals can give you extra miles, points, or money when you complete an eligible purchase. This involves going through a certain platform when making a purchase so that you can earn extra cash back, points, or miles. In this way, you can stack these portal rewards with other rewards, like the ones that you are earning on purchases on your credit card.

•   Portals can be through an airline, credit card, or independent cash back company. Some popular airline portals include American Airlines’ AAdvantage eShopping and AAdvantage Dining, Southwest Airlines’ Rapid Rewards, and Delta Air Lines’ SkyMiles programs, among others.

•   Credit card companies that offer their own online shopping portals include Chase, Capital One, and Barclays. Popular cash-back portals include Rakuten, Mr. Rebates, and Top Cashback.

•   To use a shopping or dining portal, you would sign up for an account with the specific portal program. When you are ready to make a purchase at a retailer, you can go to the portal program’s website first, and click through there to the retailer to complete your purchase. You could also download a browser button for the program, and then click on the button before you complete your purchase.

•   If you want to compare which portal will give you the best return for a retailer, CashbackMonitor.com lets you search by stores or rewards types.

Try Apps

If you find yourself with points and miles in a variety of reward systems (like various airlines, hotels, and credit card companies), you may have a hard time keeping track of it all. Apps, like Travel Freely and MaxRewards, can help you organize your credit cards, rewards, points, and miles. Apps can help you easily see which credit card to use for which purchase, how many rewards you have in various systems, view upcoming annual fees, and more.

Recommended: Understanding Purchase Interest Charges on Credit Cards

The Takeaway

Credit card rewards can help make travel more affordable. Once you have figured out which credit card can enable you to reach your travel goals, learning how to maximize your cards will likely boost the rewards you reap. By labeling your cards, timing large purchases, utilizing shopping and dining portals, and using apps, you may get closer to your dream vacation that much more quickly.

Whether you're looking to build credit, apply for a new credit card, or save money with the cards you have, it's important to understand the options that are best for you. Learn more about credit cards by exploring this credit card guide.

Whether you're looking to build credit, apply for a new credit card, or save money with the cards you have, it's important to understand the options that are best for you. Learn more about credit cards by exploring this credit card guide.

FAQ

What are some tips to maximize credit card rewards?

Some tips to maximize your credit card rewards are to label your cards, time your large purchases for maximum impact, and use shopping and dining portals, as well as apps.

How do I get the maximum benefits from my credit card?

Getting the maximum benefit from your credit card rewards can be about understanding when and how to spend to get the most points or cash back; timing purchases properly; and labeling your cards so you use each one when it’s most effective.

What is the smartest way to redeem credit card points?

The smartest way to redeem credit card points is the way that uses them most effectively to reach your goal. You can redeem them for high-value uses, such as flights or hotel stays, but it’s wise to do so in a way that gets the most bang for your buck. For instance, avoid prime travel periods (like holidays) and know how to maximize earning points, such as using shopping portals or timing big purchases properly.

Photo credit: iStock/martin-dm

**Terms, and conditions apply: This SoFi member benefit is provided by Expedia, not by SoFi or its affiliates. SoFi may be compensated by the benefit provider. Offers are subject to change and may have restrictions, please review the benefit provider's terms: Travel Services Terms & Conditions.
The SoFi Travel Portal is operated by Expedia. To learn more about Expedia, click https://www.expediagroup.com/home/default.aspx.

When you use your SoFi Credit Card to make a purchase on the SoFi Travel Portal, you will earn a number of SoFi Member Rewards points equal to 3% of the total amount you spend on the SoFi Travel Portal. Members can save up to 10% or more on eligible bookings.

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A joint credit card can impact each cardholder’s credit positively or negatively, depending on how the account is managed.

Opening a joint credit card with someone you trust — meaning a spouse, partner, trusted friend, or family member — can seem like a good idea, but it’s important to be aware that you’re both 100% financially responsible for paying off the balance on the card. Plus, you both share privileges of making changes to the account, earning rewards, and using the card much the way you would as a primary cardholder of a solo account.

Learn more about joint credit cards and their pros and cons.

What Are Joint Credit Cards?

Just as the name suggests, a joint credit card is one that permits two users to share a single credit line. In turn, as primary cardholders, each individual is able to make purchases on the card, as well as update and manage account information. Plus, they’re each 100% responsible for paying off the card balance.

When applying for such a card, both individuals’ credit scores, and credit histories are reviewed. So if you both have strong credit scores, it could boost your odds of getting approved for a credit card with higher credit limits and favorable rates, terms, and perks.

But what might happen when one of you has a lower credit score? In that case, it could potentially hurt the odds of your getting approved for a credit card. Or it might lead to your being offered less favorable rates, terms, and lower credit limits. However, it could benefit the person with the lower score, as they’re piggybacking off the co-applicant’s higher credit score.

How Do Joint Accounts Work for Credit Cards?

As mentioned, both people will need to apply for a credit card. This means that the credit card issuer will review your respective credit scores and profiles. You both are equally responsible for paying off the balance on the card, and you each also have full rights to manage and make changes to the account. Plus, you can each make credit card charges, swiping or tapping at will.

A common misconception is that if you share a joint credit card account, your credit histories and scores will be merged. Not at all: Credit scores will always be looked at on an individual basis. In other words, the credit card payments on joint accounts will be reported to the credit bureaus, and this will be reflected on each user’s credit history.

Recommended: Credit Card Network vs Issuer: What’s the Difference?

How to Manage a Joint Credit Card Account

How you manage a joint credit card account is largely up to you and the co-owner on the account. While you both have full privileges to the account and can make changes, do you want to touch base before making any changes? Do you want to establish a monthly spending limit? It can be wise to agree to how you will use the account and what guardrails you may want in place before applying.

As for payments, you have decisions to make about who pays the bill. For instance:

•   You might decide it’s best to have one co-owner make payments and have the other person pay them back.

•   You could alternate making payments. That is, one account holder pays the January bill; the other takes care of February, and so forth.

•   Another payment guideline could be that you tally who bought what during each billing cycle and have each person be responsible for their fair share.

Recommended: What Is a Credit Card Chargeback and How Does It Work?

Impact of a Joint Credit Card on Your Credit Score

Joint accounts can affect your credit score. Here are a few scenarios to consider:

•   As all credit card payments on a joint account are reported to the credit bureaus, if you stay on top of payments, a joint account can help establish your credit. They can also help build your credit history.

•   On the flip side, if you fall behind on payments or the account goes to collections, that can negatively impact your credit scores. Debt gone to collections will stay on your respective credit reports for seven years.

•   Another way joint credit cards can impact your credit is credit utilization. If you run up a high balance and are using close to your credit limit, then it could depress your score. But if you keep a low credit usage ratio, then it could help establish or build credit from scratch.

•   Opening any credit card can affect your credit card history, which is another factor that plays into your credit score as tracked by the three credit bureaus.

Open too many credit cards in a short time period, and that may not be a positive thing; it looks as if you are trying to quickly access a lot of credit. But if you open a joint account and stay in good standing, it can lengthen each of your credit histories, which can be good.

Joint Credit Card vs Authorized User vs Cosigner

You might’ve heard the terms “authorized user” and “cosigner” tossed around when considering credit cards. While they both imply a level of joint usage on a credit card, they actually mean very different things.

•   An authorized user is a person you add to your account. They can use the card to make purchases. However, you remain the account holder and are fully responsible for paying off the card. And as the account holder, you are the only person authorized to manage and make changes to the account.

Your credit card payments are also reported on the authorized user’s credit file. So if you stay on-time with your debt payoff, this could establish or build your authorized user’s credit score.

•   A cosigner is someone who agrees to share financial responsibility on a credit card account. If you have a low credit score or are building credit from scratch, a lender will take into consideration the cosigner’s credit. A cosigner’s strong credit could help you get approved for a credit card you might otherwise not be granted. Furthermore, should you fall behind on payments, the cosigner is financially responsible for your paying off the balance.

Benefits of Joint Credit Card Accounts

Here’s a look at some of the advantages of having a joint credit card account:

•   Can help you land better credit card offers. If you both have strong credit scores, then it could potentially improve the chances of getting credit cards with higher credit limits and better terms and rates.

Should one of you have a lower credit score, it might help that person get approved for a better credit card.

•   Shared financial responsibility. If both co-owners of the credit card account are responsible and do their share to pay off the balance, it can help you stay on top of payments.

•   Streamlines bills. Instead of having two separate credit cards, putting both people’s transactions on a single account could simplify payments. You have one fewer bill to manage.

•   Can help build credit history. If one applicant is starting from scratch in terms of building a credit history, a joint account can help them establish themselves if payments are made on time and the credit utilization is kept low.

Disadvantages of Joint Credit Card Accounts

Now, consider the potential downsides of a joint account:

•   Shared financial responsibility. This is one of those “could be a pro, could be a con” factors. Why’s that? Well, if one person is doing most of the spending, you’re both on the hook for making payments. This could potentially get complicated if one person isn’t pulling their weight, financially speaking.

•   Potential personal complications. Should your relationship change or you end up fighting over transactions and other financial matters, a joint credit card could wind up being a difficult thing. Also, having a shared account could lead to each of you scrutinizing one another’s spending habits, for better or for worse.

•   Confusion over who pays for what and when. Even if you set up some basic guidelines, you might find yourself in a quandary as to who pays for what. Or maybe one of you overspends and it becomes challenging to pay off the balance or even the minimum payment due. A joint credit card could become a source of stress or arguing in this way if you can’t develop a good, fair system for responsible usage and timely payments.

Factors to Consider Before You Open a Joint Account

Before making a decision on whether to open a joint credit card account, you’ll need to decide on how doing so can benefit both parties. It can be wise to work through the following points:

•   Can a joint credit card help boost the odds of getting a credit card with better rates, terms, and more attractive perks? How can it help build both people’s credit histories?

•   Another important consideration is the payment arrangement. Who is responsible for making the payments? Or will you set it on autopay and link it to one person’s account? Who will be responsible for going through each billing statement and figuring out which transaction belongs to which user?

•   If you’re sharing a joint account with someone, it might be a good idea to have a savings account that serves as a cash cushion. You could each contribute a small amount every week, so it’s there in case money gets tight and you need help covering a credit card bill.

Do You Trust the Joint Account Holder?

As a joint credit card can impact your credit and financial situation, you likely need to truly trust the other party involved. If you’re relying on the other person to make payments on your behalf, can you count on them to do so? Also, it’s important that both parties are in a financially sound place where they can cover their share of the bill.

You also want to feel reassured that the co-account holder isn’t the type to splurge and put an extravagant purchase on the card. For instance, if you usually put, say, $250 a month on your credit card, you will likely want to know how much the other person usually rings up, as well as if they ever go buying sprees.

Are There Other Options to Consider?

Understanding exactly how a joint credit card works, what your respective responsibilities are, and how it impacts your finances and credit is important.

If a joint credit card doesn’t seem like the right fit, you can look into alternatives. These include keeping separate credit cards and possibly, if one person is building their credit from scratch, using a secured credit card.

Or the individual with a stronger credit history could add the other as an authorized user on their credit card account, as described above.

Recommended: Understanding Purchase Interest Charges on Credit Cards

Tips for Removing a Partner From Your Accounts

Unlike an authorized user, where you can simply remove someone from your account, you usually can’t remove one co-owner on a joint credit card. Typically, you need to close the account entirely.

Either person has the power to close the account. However, both parties will be responsible for making payments until the balance goes to zero. So, you’ll likely want to have a discussion before doing so. When would be a good time to close the account, and how will you go about handling paying off the remaining balance? Communication is key to making sure that closing the account doesn’t become a difficult situation.

The Takeaway

Opening a joint credit card can impact your credit, both positively and negatively. Typically, both applicants’ credit histories will be reviewed when seeking one of these cards, and each party, if given this kind of access to credit, will have full use of the account and full responsibility for the balance. If handled well, this can help establish and build your credit. If handled poorly, it can negatively impact your credit.

Whether you're looking to build credit, apply for a new credit card, or save money with the cards you have, it's important to understand the options that are best for you. Learn more about credit cards by exploring this credit card guide.

FAQ

How do shared finances affect my credit rating?

Sharing your bank accounts and budgets doesn’t inherently impact your credit rating. But when you open a joint credit card account, it can impact your credit histories, credit history length, and credit usage. With both parties responsible for the balance, it’s wise to think carefully about this kind of account. Another option is to be an authorized user on someone’s account who makes on-time payments and keeps their credit usage low.

Do both users on a joint credit card have the same credit score?

While both users on a joint credit card can be affected by the payment history and credit usage on the joint account, credit histories are always on an individual basis.

In other words, there’s no such thing as a shared credit account, and many factors go into someone’s credit score. So having a joint credit card doesn’t merge your scores or mean you’ll have the exact same score.

Is it advisable to open a joint account with my friend?

While you can open a joint credit card account with a friend, whether it’s a good idea depends on your financial habits and the level of trust between you two. Can they be trusted not to overspend and to do their part in paying off any credit card balance? A lot of discussion will need to take place before making this decision.

Photo credit: iStock/Jelena Danilovic

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

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SOCC-Q125-037

A zero-waste lifestyle is based on the principle of reduce, reuse, and recycle. The goal is to buy only what you need and minimize the amount of waste you create. The more people who practice a zero-waste lifestyle, the less junk there should be winding up in landfill.

Being conscious about one’s impact on the environment is something that is becoming increasingly prevalent: 87% of Americans support recycling, according to a recent survey by The Harris Poll on behalf of Keep America Beautiful®, and this can be especially important to younger generations. Adopting a zero-waste lifestyle can often save you money in the long term, as you reduce and reuse rather than continually buying new or additional products.

Understanding the Zero-Waste Concept

At its core, the concept of a zero-waste lifestyle is minimizing or eliminating the amount of waste that you create. Some dimensions of this include:

•  Conserving resources

•  Avoiding burning products and packaging or discharging hazardous materials into the land, air or water

•  Optimizing reuse of items through repairing or repurposing them
Expanding recycling

•  Different people, communities and municipalities define zero-waste in different ways, so you will need to decide what a zero-waste home and lifestyle means for you and how to go zero-waste in your specific situation.

Aside from being an eco-friendly move, reducing the amount of waste you produce and reusing items instead of purchasing new ones can be one of the top tips for saving money. For instance, refurbishing cast-off dining chairs could save you hundreds of dollars vs. buying them new and also keeps them out of landfill.

Living a zero-waste life can actually be a way to help the planet and hold onto more of the money in your checking account.

Recommended: 50/30/20 Budget Calculator

Financial Benefits of Going Zero-Waste

Going zero-waste can have some positive effects on your checking and savings account, as noted above.

As an example, consider a situation where you need to buy a new pair of sneakers:

•  You could buy the cheapest pair of sneakers that cost $30 but will wear out and need to be replaced in one year, if not sooner. They’ll likely be tossed into landfill, along with many other inexpensive fast-fashion items.

•  If you buy a better-made pair of sneakers, they may cost $80 but last at least a few years. They’ll stay out of landfill for longer and cost less when you divide the price by years of use.

If you take a short-term perspective, buying the more inexpensive pair of sneakers is the better financial choice, since $30 is less than $80. But if you take a longer perspective, the better choice may very well be the more expensive shoes.

Or perhaps you buy a set of reusable glass and aluminum containers and then buy many staples (coffee, cereal, beans, pasta) in bulk at a lower price than the prepackaged variety. In this way, you are not only saving money, but reducing your usage of plastic and other forms of single-use packaging. These examples can give you the idea of some of the financial benefits of a zero-waste life. While it may not be among the usual types of budgeting methods, zero-waste living can help you save money.

Getting Started: Easy Zero-Waste Swaps

One important thing to consider if you’re considering starting a zero-waste life is that the best changes are often small and sustainable. Rather than selling your car and committing to walking or taking the bus forever, it’s better to take smaller steps, gradually reducing your waste over time. Here are a few ideas:

Kitchen and Grocery Shopping

One of the biggest generators of waste is food that gets tossed out. The USDA estimates that Americans waste between 30% to 40% of the total food supply each year. If you are trying to purchase groceries on a budget, you might be excited to potentially save 30% to 40% on your total grocery bill by only buying the food that you’re actually going to use.

If saving money on food is on your mind, you can move towards zero-waste status in the kitchen by taking a new approach to how you buy groceries. Planning out your meals and preparing them at home can help you cut down on the waste you produce. If you have a meal plan, you are less likely to buy ingredients that wind up sitting and going bad in the fridge.

Another strategy is considering the types of foods that you buy and the packaging that they come in. Buying more fruits, vegetables and other foods that are often sold without packaging can be a great way to cut down on the waste that you produce. So too can buying staples in bulk, using containers made of glass or aluminum vs. plastic.

Bathroom and Personal Care

Bathroom and personal care items are another area where you can move towards a zero-waste lifestyle. A few switches that you can consider making include:

•  Use a bamboo toothbrush vs. one with a plastic handle.

•  Use soap or shampoo bars rather than using bottled-in-plastic products.

•  Opt for biodegradable dental floss.

•  Switch to compostable toilet paper.

•  Try a stainless steel razor instead of a disposable razor.

Recommended: How to Manage Passive Income Streams

Reducing Waste in Home and Energy Consumption

Lowering your energy consumption not only is good for the environment, it can save you money. Since most utilities charge based on how much you use, lowering your consumption can help you lower your utility bills. Another way to reduce waste in the home is by recycling items for money.

Selling unneeded items can help repurpose them as well as add a little extra into their budget. You might also look into ideas for reducing energy usage in your home, whether that means installing smart thermostats or saving to switch to, say, a heat pump from your current system. (You might get a rebate or tax break on the latter, too.)

Going Zero-Waste on a Budget: Affordable Strategies

Here are three affordable strategies to help you live a zero-waste life on a budget:

•  Start with what you have: Focus on implementing DIY solutions, refinishing furniture vs. throwing it out.

•  Opt for second-hand: When you do need “new” items, think about what you might get from freecycle sites and places like Facebook Marketplace.

•  Reduce vs. remove at first: Embrace minimalism and lower consumption instead of trying to completely give up, say, every speck of plastic in your home. Going zero-waste is a process, and it can take patience.

•  Invest in eco-friendly solutions over time: Gradually replace disposable items with reusable ones one at a time as your budget allows. Swapping single-use plastic bottles for a reusable water bottle can be a simple first step.

As you work to become zero-waste and save money that way, you might want to take a closer look at what spending and saving trackers reveal about your habits. Many traditional and online banks offer these, or you could evaluate third-party options.

Long-Term Savings and Environmental Impact

There may be an initial expense triggered by moving toward a zero-waste lifestyle, such as buying a set of glass and aluminum refillable canisters for groceries. But these moves can save money in the long term. And if you decide to refinish a dining table vs. buying a new one, that too can require an initial investment in supplies but wind up being both planet-friendly and economical.

One of our best frugal living tips is to consider the total cost of ownership when making financial decisions. And even if you spend more money, it may be offset over time and also minimize your total environmental impact.

Recommended: Ways to Make Money From Home

The Takeaway

While the term zero-waste may mean different things to different people, the general idea involves minimizing or eliminating the amount of waste that you create. A zero-waste home is one that reduces consumption and maximizes items that are reused or recycled. What’s more, following the principles of a zero-waste living may save you money.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

How do I handle zero-waste as a family with children?

One of the best strategies for having a zero-waste lifestyle with children is to include your kids in the planning process. Explaining the reasoning behind a zero-waste lifestyle and involving your kids in decisions can help them to get excited about the process. It can also be a good idea to focus on small, manageable changes at first rather than drastically altering your family’s lifestyle. Any steps that you’re able to take to reduce your waste may benefit your budget as well as the environment.

Can a zero-waste lifestyle work in urban areas?

It is possible to have a zero-waste lifestyle in an urban area, but it may take some creativity. City dwellers may have a busier lifestyle or space constraints, but they may also be able to take advantage of easier access to resources or community initiatives.

Are there any potential challenges in maintaining a zero-waste lifestyle?

Like just about everything worth doing, there are some potential challenges that come with living a zero-waste life.You may not have easy access to zero-waste resources like composting or recycling facilities. It may also be challenging to spend the additional time and effort to go zero-waste, and living a zero-waste life may come with higher initial expenses.

Photo credit: iStock/JulPo

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This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

SOBNK-Q424-048

Investing in rare coins involves buying and selling old, uncommon, scarce, historic, or otherwise notable coins in the hope that they will appreciate over time and can be sold for a profit.

Rare coins are a type of collectible, and as such are considered a type of alternative asset. Some alternative investments may offer potential returns or diversification (like most alternate assets, coin values don’t move in sync with traditional markets). But coins can be subject to fraud and forgery, as well as the whims of the market, and as such investing in coins is not without risk.

Understanding Rare Coin Investing

Rare coins are a type of collectible, meaning that investors might consider investing in rare coins as a form of alternative investments, which can also include other collectibles, such as vintage wines or antique books, or assets like commodities and real estate.

(Note that SoFi offers alternative investments including a number of different asset types, including real estate, commodities, private credit, hedge funds, and more. It does not offer rare coins, however.)

Alternative investments tend not to be correlated with traditional assets like stocks and bonds. Thus collecting and investing in coins can be a way to diversify your portfolio, but as with any new type of investment there can be a steep learning curve.

Prospective investors may not have a background in coin collecting or numismatics (a term that refers to the formal study of currency, but can apply to hobbyists), and thus may not know how to assess various types of currency.

While collectibles can have value, coins may not rank near the top of the list of the most valuable types of collectibles.

So, before investors get started in rare coin investing, it’s a good idea to learn the ins and outs of rare coins, and even dip into an alt investment guide to see where they stand in the greater ecosystem of alternative investments. At this time, SoFi does not offer rare coins or investment products focused on rare coins.

What Are Rare Coins?

Rare coins are what they sound like: Coins or currencies that are limited by mint location, nation of origin, year, condition, and other variables. Some collectible coins are unusually beautiful, or historically significant.

As an example, you could pick up a dime minted in 2023 in Philadelphia, which would be the opposite of a rare coin. In fact, more than 791 million dimes were minted in Philadelphia during 2023.

But if you were to stumble across a 1969 Lincoln penny minted in San Francisco which features a specific double-die error — that’s an extremely rare coin that might fetch as much as $25,000 at auction (assuming it was authentic).

Recommended: Why Invest in Alternative Assets?

A Brief History of Coin Collecting and Investing

People have been collecting and investing in coins, both common and rare, for thousands of years — perhaps for as long as there have been coins used as currency. In fact, Roman emperors were interested in coin collecting, as were the aristocracy during subsequent eras, and even some of the first U.S. presidents.

Owing to their design and relative rarity, the coins of antiquity were valued as something akin to works of art. But being small and portable, coins were easier to exchange and collect.

While collecting coins was reserved for those with the wealth to obtain exotic coins in the first place, coin collecting as a hobby became more widespread as coins became more common as a basic currency. For example, in the 17th and 18th centuries, when the study of coins and currency became more formalized, the growing base of knowledge also fueled collectors’ interest.

Then, as the minting process became more automated, and the use of various metal alloys made coin manufacturing cheaper in the 19th and 20th centuries, coin collecting continued to gain popularity. Trade shows and organizations emerged, and the first international convention for coin collectors was held in Detroit, in 1962.

Today, the advent of the internet has supported online forums for discussion and networking. In addition, alternative platforms for buying, selling and trading coins have emerged.

Sophisticated collectors may also become de facto investors hoping to see a profit from their collections. However, as with most types of alternative investments, especially collectibles, there are risks involved in coin collecting, owing to the rise of forgeries, fraud, and various scams. In addition, the market for a type of coin may wax and wane, taking a collector’s coin values with it.

💡 Quick Tip: All investments come with some degree of risk — and some are riskier than others. Before investing online, decide on your investment goals and how much risk you want to take.

How to Get Started in Rare Coin Investing

For enterprising investors curious about rare coin investing, some initial research is paramount. That includes learning about the different types of rare coins, how to evaluate them, and more. But for someone who wanted to start a simple collection or portfolio of coins, they could always start with commonly used U.S. currency, which is relatively easy to verify and obtain. U.S. coins also have a long and storied history.

However, if you want to start adding rare or high-end coins to your portfolio, one way to do so is to consider buying coin sets. There are hundreds of such sets from all over the world, and from different time periods.

Once you start learning about the different types of coins that comprise sets, you should be able to build up your knowledge and pursue other rare coins. But again, this all depends on an investor’s resources and risk tolerance.

Rare coins are relatively high-risk investments, and there’s no guarantee that there’ll be a return when investors look to sell.

Types of Rare Coins

As discussed, there are many types of rare coins. As a collector or investor, you may want to narrow your focus to a specific subset of coins. Some examples:

•   Ancient coins: Ancient coins date back hundreds or even thousands of years. They may be made from gold, silver, copper, or other metals. They may be sourced from ancient empires such as the Greeks or Romans, and since they’re quite rare, they tend to be valuable.

•   Rare U.S. coins: The U.S. has minted a lot of coins over the past 250 years, and some are exceedingly rare, making them valuable. These coins may be valuable because they date from specific periods of U.S. history (e.g. the Civil War), have errors, or just have limited mintage.

•   International coins: International coins, as a category, can include any coins sourced from around the world. These coins may be valuable due to low mintage, composition, or history, similar to U.S. coins.

•   Error coins: Coins with mintage errors can also be valuable. Minting errors may vary, and include double dies (duplicate images), missing markings, strike errors (the design is off-center), and more.

•   Bullion: Bullion coins are typically valuable for their composition, and don’t usually have an assigned dollar value. That is, a bullion coin might be one ounce of silver, and is valuable for its silver content. That said, bullion coins can also be minted or designed in rare or unusual ways, and some collectors may enjoy tracking them down as a way of investing in precious metals.

Evaluating Rare Coins

Evaluating rare coins can be difficult, and in many cases, it may be a good idea to take a rare coin to a numismatist or specialist. But in a general sense, investors can do some basic research and look into a coin’s history and origin, its design and features, and its weight and dimensions. There are numerous guides available for this exact purpose.

Would-be coin investors should also bear in mind that there are many fakes on the market. A coin may not actually be of its purported origin or metal composition (a “gold” coin may actually be gold-plated copper, for example). It may be incorrectly graded, too, and be in worse condition than it appears.

This is one of the reasons that investing in coins is rife with risk, and why it may be a good idea to speak with a specialist.

Buying and Selling Rare Coins

Buying and selling rare coins is fairly simple. There are coin and precious metal retail stores all over the world, and you can shop at those stores to find and select the rare coins you want.

There are also large and popular online retailers – an internet search will bring up many names — that you can use to make a purchase, or a sale.

The key, of course, is to try and make sure you’re not being taken advantage of or falling for a scam. So, read reviews, do some research on retailers, and frequent a dealer or retailer that you trust.

Market Trends and Price Factors

Forecasting or even wrapping your head around the market for rare coins can be difficult. But overall, it’s a nearly $10 billion market worldwide, one that’s expected to grow to nearly $20 billion by 2030. The market itself is often driven by passionate collectors and investors, and not economic or external forces like the stock market (though economic and geopolitical factors can have an effect, of course).

For example, the value of precious metals like gold and silver are often in flux. This would likely impact the value of certain coins. But other factors can come into play, like an archeological discovery or historical analysis that alters the perception of a powerful figure or era.

In other words, as with many types of assets it can be difficult to mark what, exactly, is going to increase or decrease the value of a specific coin, other than simple supply and demand. It’s a complex market, and one that will likely require some time and experience to get a handle on for investors.

Risks and Challenges

For investors, perhaps the biggest challenge or risk involved in investing in rare coins is that you may not know exactly what you’re looking at or investing in — especially if you’re inexperienced with coin collecting. You could pay too high of a premium on a coin, for instance, or misunderstand something related to mintage or strike errors. There are a lot of details you need to know, and it can be difficult to take everything into consideration.

Further, investors should be aware of the risks associated with generating returns. Coins don’t accrue value like stocks do, and it’s not easy to tell how much a coin can be worth. You also may need to find a buyer once you’re ready to sell — it’s not as liquid a market as the stock market.

Tax Implications of Rare Coin Investing

Since coins are a form of alternative investment — and collectibles, more specifically — a tax liability is generated once an investor sells it. If you realize a capital gain on that sale — that is, you sell it for more than you paid for it – then you owe capital gains tax, either short-term or long-term, depending on how long you owned it.

But because coins are collectible, a long-term capital gain from the sale of coins can be taxed as high as 28%, plus a potential 3.8% net investment income tax, depending on your adjusted gross income (AGI).

This is why it’s important to keep track of your purchases and sales, so that you can make an accurate tax record for the IRS. Note, too, that depending on where you live, you may not need to pay sales tax when you buy coins — that’s up to the states. As always, it may be best to consult with a tax professional if you have questions.

The Takeaway

Investing in rare coins can be a way to add alternative investments to your portfolio, but it’s an area that has risks. Investors will need to research what they’re buying and selling — which may require some experience in the market — and keep track of their investments to ensure they’re paying a proper amount in taxes.

Investing and collecting coins isn’t for everyone, but It may be a potentially fun and interesting way to add diversification to your portfolio.

Ready to expand your portfolio's growth potential? Alternative investments, traditionally available to high-net-worth individuals, are accessible to everyday investors on SoFi's easy-to-use platform. Investments in commodities, real estate, venture capital, and more are now within reach. Alternative investments can be high risk, so it's important to consider your portfolio goals and risk tolerance to determine if they're right for you.

FAQ

What factors determine the value of a rare coin?

Several variables can determine a coin’s value, including its age, mintage, mint location, potential minting errors, the coin’s metal composition, as well as its beauty or historical rarity, and more.

How do you authenticate rare coins before investing?

To authenticate rare coins, it may be best to rely on the expertise of a professional numismatist. Otherwise, you’ll be doing a lot of research on your own to validate dates, origins, mintage, and more.

Is it better to invest in graded or ungraded rare coins?

It may be a good idea to invest in graded rare coins, so that you know what, exactly, you’re investing in.

Photo credit: iStock/Jitalia17