How to Invest in Commodities: Ways to Invest, Pros/Cons

Commodities are the raw materials or basic goods that are used to produce many of the things you use every day. Investing in commodities such as crude oil, soybeans, livestock, and wheat can be an effective way to diversify a portfolio, hedge against inflation, and potentially generate returns.

Why Invest in Commodities?

Commodities are alternative investments that offer a low correlation to traditional asset classes like stocks or bonds. Thus, holding commodities in your portfolio can help minimize the impact of market volatility, as commodities prices are driven largely by supply and demand rather than the mood of the market.

Investing in commodities can also be a strategic play for investors who are hoping to counter the effects of rising inflation. As prices for consumer goods rise, the prices of the underlying commodities used to produce them also tend to rise. Stock prices, by comparison, do not always move in tandem with inflation.

Commodities can also be highly liquid assets, depending on how you’re trading them. Liquidity may be of importance to investors who are focused on generating short-term returns, versus a longer-term buy-and-hold approach.

💡 Quick Tip: While investing directly in alternative assets often requires high minimum amounts, investing in alts assets through a mutual fund or ETF generally involves a low minimum requirement, making them accessible to retail investors.

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5 Ways to Invest in Commodities

If you’re considering investing in commodities, there are several options to choose from. The one that makes the most sense for you will depend on your risk tolerance, time frame for investing, and how much capital you have to invest.

1. Physical/Direct Ownership

Physical ownership of commodities may be impractical for most individual investors as it involves taking ownership of the actual commodity. Purchasing and storing two tons of wheat, or maintaining 1,000 live animals likely isn’t realistic if you don’t have the proper facilities.

On the easier end of the spectrum, precious metal investors may hold gold or silver as bullion, or coins inside a secure bank vault. But even then, holding quantities of specific metals also require storage, insurance; and reselling these commodities comes with liquidity issues.

2. Commodity Mutual Funds and Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs)

Commodity mutual funds and exchange-traded funds can offer exposure to commodities without requiring you to hold anything physically. There are three broad categories of commodity funds you might invest in:

•   Physically backed funds. These funds maintain direct ownership of commodities, specifically, precious metals. A gold commodity ETF, for example, may hold gold bars at a bank.

•   Futures-based funds. Futures-based commodity ETFs invest in futures contracts. We’ll explain those in more detail shortly, but in general, a future contract is an agreement to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price on a set date.

•   Commodity company funds. Commodity company funds invest in commodity producers. For example, you might buy shares in an oil ETF that invests in oil and gas companies, oilfield servicers, and pipeline companies.

The main difference between a commodity mutual fund and a commodity ETF is how they’re traded. Mutual fund prices are set at the end of the trading day, while ETFs trade on an exchange just like a stock. Both commodity mutual funds and ETFs charge expense ratios, which represent the cost of owning the fund on an annual basis.

3. Commodity Futures Contracts

Commodity futures contracts are an agreement to buy or sell an underlying asset at a future date. The contract includes the price at which commodities will be bought or sold. Futures are derivative investments, meaning their value is determined by the price of another asset, i.e., the commodities you’re agreeing to trade.

Trading commodity futures contracts can be risky, as outcomes rely largely on investors making correct assumptions about which commodity prices will move. It’s possible to lose money on futures contracts if you’re expecting prices to increase but they decline instead.

4. Individual Stocks

Investing in stocks of commodity companies is another way to gain exposure to this asset class. For example, if you’re interested in adding energy sector assets to your portfolio you might buy shares in companies that produce oil, natural gas, solar technology, and so on.

Purchasing individual stocks can ensure that you’re only owning the companies that you want to, unlike a commodity mutual fund or ETF, which can hold dozens of different investments. However, picking individual stocks can be a bit more time-consuming and it may take more capital to buy shares if you’re choosing high dollar stocks.

5. Hedge Funds

Hedge funds are private investments that pool money to buy and sell assets, similar to a mutual fund. The difference is that hedge funds tend to use high-risk strategies like short-selling and may require a higher minimum investment to buy in or limit access to accredited investors only. Under SEC rules, an accredited investor is someone who:

•   Has $200,000 or more in annual income ($300,000 for married couples) for the previous two years and expects the same level of income going forward

•   Has a net worth exceeding $1 million, not including their primary residence

Financial professionals who hold certain securities licenses also qualify for accredited status.

Hedge funds can potentially offer higher returns than other commodity investments, but the risks are greater as well. If you’re considering private investment in commodities through a hedge fund you may want to talk to a professional about the pros and cons.

💡 Quick Tip: All investments come with some degree of risk — and some are riskier than others. Before investing online, decide on your investment goals and how much risk you want to take.

How Do You Open a Commodities Investing Account?

Opening a commodities trading account is no different from opening any other type of brokerage account. You’ll first need to decide which brokerage you want to trade with, then complete the necessary paperwork and funding requirements to start trading.

Personal Information

When you open a brokerage account, you’ll need to provide some basic details about yourself. That includes your:

•   Name

•   Date of birth

•   Social Security number

•   Email and phone number

•   Mailing address

•   Driver’s license number

•   Annual income

•   Net worth

•   Employment status

•   Investment objectives and risk tolerance

You may also be asked about your experience with investing and your citizenship status. You’ll need to disclose whether you’re employed by a brokerage firm.

All of this information is required to verify your identity, meet FINRA’s suitability requirements, and comply with anti-money laundering regulations. Net worth and income information may also be used to determine whether you meet the standards for an accredited investor.

Minimum Funds

The minimum amount of money you’ll need to invest in commodities through your brokerage can depend on what you’re investing in. If you’re buying individual commodities stocks, then the stock’s share price will determine how much you’ll need based on the number of shares you plan to buy.

With commodity mutual funds minimums are typically determined by the brokerage. So you might need $1,000, $3,000, or $5,000 to get started, depending on what you’re buying. Commodity ETFs sell on a per-share basis, similar to stocks.

Some brokerages offer fractional share trading, which allows you to buy shares of mutual funds, ETFs, or stocks in increments. The minimum investment may be as low as $1, though it’s important to keep in mind that it can take time to build up the commodity portfolio of your portfolio when investing in such small amounts.

Trading futures can be a little trickier as you may need to meet a minimum investment requirement and margin requirements. Margin is a set amount of money you’re required to deposit with the brokerage as a condition of trading futures contracts.

Margin is typically calculated as a percentage of the contract but it can easily run into the thousands of dollars.

Pros and Cons of Investing in Commodities

Investing in commodities has advantages and disadvantages, and it may not be right for every investor. Examining the pros and cons can help you make a more informed decision about whether it’s something you should pursue.

Pros

•   Commodities can help you diversify your portfolio beyond traditional stocks and bonds.

•   Investing in commodities can act as an inflationary hedge since commodity prices usually move in sync with increases in consumer prices.

•   Commodity ETFs and mutual funds offer a lower barrier to entry versus direct investment or hedge funds, making commodities more accessible to a wider range of investors.

•   Returns may potentially outstrip stocks, bonds, and other investments.

•   Commodity trading may generate short-term profits

Cons

•   Commodity prices can be volatile, as they may be affected by natural disasters, geopolitical conditions, and other factors.

•   Investing in commodities is generally riskier than other types of investments since supply and demand can impact trading.

•   Holding physical ownership of commodities may not be feasible for every investor.

•   Futures trading in commodities is highly speculative and while there may be potential for higher returns, there’s also more risk involved.

Is Investing in Commodities Right for Me?

Whether commodity trading makes sense for you can depend on your preferences concerning risk and your time horizon for investing. You might consider commodities if you are:

•   Comfortable trading the potential for higher returns against higher risk

•   Looking for short-term gains versus a long-term, buy-and-hold investment

•   Savvy about futures contracts (if you plan to trade futures)

•   Have sufficient capital to meet minimum investment requirements

Before investing in commodities, it’s helpful to learn more about the different types and their associated return profiles. It’s also wise to consider any costs you might pay to trade commodity ETFs, mutual funds, and stocks or the margin requirements for commodity futures trading.

The Takeaway

Although the commodities market is complex, commodities themselves are tangible products that are relatively easy to understand. Investing in commodities can take many forms, including direct or cash investment via the spot market, or by investing in commodity-related funds.

Although trading commodities comes with its own set of risks, commodities may offer some protection against inflation and traditional market movements, because these products are driven by supply and demand.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).


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FAQ

Are there IRA accounts that specialize in commodity trading?

Some brokerages offer an IRA that’s designed for trading commodity futures contracts. You may also be able to gain exposure to commodity ETFs or mutual funds with a regular traditional or Roth IRA.

How much money do I need to invest in commodities?

The amount of money you’ll need to invest in commodities will depend on which vehicle you’re using. With a commodity stock or ETF, the amount of money required would depend on the share price and the number of shares you plan to purchase. Direct investment, hedge fund investments, or commodity futures contracts may require a larger financial commitment.

Can you make money with commodities?

Investors can make money with commodities through capital appreciation or by trading futures contracts. Returns may be higher than traditional assets but you may need to accept a greater degree of risk when trading commodities.

What is the risk profile for someone investing in commodities?

Investing in commodities often means being comfortable with more risk, as commodity prices can fluctuate quickly. You may want to limit your commodities allocation to 5%-10% of your portfolio to minimize your risk exposure.


Photo credit: iStock/filadendron

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How Much Does a Psychiatrist Make a Year?

A career as a psychiatrist can be highly rewarding, both professionally and financially, with the average annual salary in the U.S. coming in at $259,497, according to ZipRecruiter.

Becoming a psychiatrist requires a lot of dedication and time — 12 years on average. But as the need for mental health services outstrips demand in the U.S., the outlook for a career in psychiatry is strong. Indeed, the U.S. Health Resources & Services Administration predicts a shortage of 39,550 psychiatrists by 2030 if current supply and utilization patterns continue.

Read on to learn more about how much a psychiatrist makes, as well as the job’s requirements, duties, and benefits.

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What Are Psychiatrists?

Psychiatrists are medical doctors who specialize in mental health. They are qualified to assess mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, and substance abuse, and prescribe medication.

The duties of a psychiatrist generally include:

•   Assessing patients’ mental health through interviews, reviewing medical history, and testing

•   Delivering an accurate diagnosis and developing a treatment plan

•   Consulting with other mental health professionals

•   Prescribing medication if needed

•   Following up with patients and making treatment adjustments if necessary

•   Documenting each patient’s diagnosis and progress

•   Offering emotional support and coping mechanisms

•   Staying current on new developments and psychiatric treatment methods

An effective psychiatrist should be able to:

•   Be compassionate and empathetic. These qualities allow a psychiatrist to understand what’s going on with their patients.

•   Establish trust. Patients need to feel safe opening up to their doctors.

•   Be patient. The road to mental wellness can be a long one.

•   Possess strong communication skills. Psychiatry is not a job for introverts. A successful psychiatrist needs to be able to actively listen, provide guidance, and communicate solutions.

•   Maintain flexibility. The job requires flexibility in both your schedule and treatment approaches in order to provide customized help for each patient.



💡 Quick Tip: When you have questions about what you can and can’t afford, a spending tracker app can show you the answer. With no guilt trip or hourly fee.

How Much Do Starting Psychiatrists Make a Year?

Professional psychiatrists can make over $100,000, even as a starting salary. Both the bottom 10% of earners and beginning psychiatrists make, on average, $133,000 a year.

What is the Average Salary for a Psychiatrist?

Being a psychiatrist is one of the highest paying jobs in the U.S. The typical salary ranges from $68,500 to $399,000 a year, with the average psychiatrist salary in the U.S. landing at $259,497. However, location makes a significant impact on how much a psychiatrist gets paid, with the average salary in New York City coming in at $283,899.

A psychiatrist can command a yearly salary or an hourly wage in a private practice. As for how much a psychiatrist makes in an hour, the national average is $125.

What is the Average Psychiatrist Salary by State?

Psychiatrists can earn competitive pay no matter where they live and work. However, geographic location does have an influence on how much a psychiatrist makes. Here’s a look at the average psychiatrist annual salary by state.

State Average Psychiatrist Salary
Alabama $217,814
Alaska $298,011
Arizona $223,941
Arkansas $219,763
California $245,539
Colorado $278,076
Connecticut $222,803
Delaware $261,403
Florida $179,578
Georgia $202,911
Hawaii $291,670
Idaho $234,887
Illinois $257,543
Indiana $228,670
Iowa $220,963
Kansas $208,315
Kentucky $232,552
Louisiana $201,803
Maine $239,807
Maryland $253,160
Massachusetts $294,407
Michigan $230,206
Minnesota $231,135
Mississippi $221,239
Missouri $246,222
Montana $220,568
Nebraska $247,756
Nevada $281,771
New Hampshire $235,468
New Jersey $241,638
New Mexico $229,833
New York $264,317
North Carolina $239,059
North Dakota $297,964
Ohio $224,669
Oklahoma $239,933
Oregon $299,484
Pennsylvania $242,134
Rhode Island $277,392
South Carolina $244,097
South Dakota $281,608
Tennessee $214,493
Texas $233,306
Utah $214,648
Vermont $258,108
Virginia $257,621
Washington $284,970
West Virginia $187,004
Wisconsin $239,303
Wyoming $231,732

Recommended: What Is a Good Entry-Level Salary?

Psychiatrist Job Considerations for Pay & Benefits

A professional psychiatrist can earn a high salary while helping to improve the lives of others. But there are a lot of steps you need to take in order to become a licensed psychiatrist. These include:

1.    Earning a bachelor’s degree, preferably in psychology, biology or biochemistry.

2.    Taking the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT). The MCAT is a challenging standardized test used as an admissions requirement when applying for a medical degree program.

3.    Applying to and attending medical school. Medical school typically takes about four years to complete as a full-time student.

4.    Completing a four-year medical residency. This is required to obtain your medical license and involves treating patients in real-world scenarios. It’s generally a good idea to obtain your license in the same state you intend to practice in.

In addition to a strong job prospects and a high salary, psychiatrists who work for a public, private, or government institution may be eligible for the following job benefits:

•   Health insurance — medical, vision, and dental

•   Life and disability insurance

•   Vacation and holiday pay

•   Paid sick leave

•   Retirement plans

•   Malpractice coverage

Of course, if you open your own practice, you’ll have to cover those benefits yourself. But you’ll have the flexibility to set your own schedule and session rates.


💡 Quick Tip: Income, expenses, and life circumstances can change. Consider reviewing your budget a few times a year and making any adjustments if needed.

Pros and Cons of Being a Psychiatrist

As with any profession, there are positive and negative sides to being a psychiatrist. Here’s a closer look at the jobs pros and cons.

Pros of Being a Psychiatrist

•   Opportunity to help others: One of the reasons people enter the field of psychiatry is to help change people for the better and, in some cases, save their lives.

•   Mix of patients: You’ll be challenged with helping people of all different ages and backgrounds to achieve mental wellness.

•   Work in a variety of places: Psychiatrists can work in private offices, hospitals, schools, mental health clinics, and other institutions.

•   Form relationships: In addition to establishing relationships with their patients, many psychiatrists have the opportunity to work with other professionals, including psychologists and occupational therapists, as part of a holistic treatment plan.

•   Be your own boss: If you decide to form your own practice, you’ll be able to set your own schedule and session rates.

•   Job security: As noted above, psychiatry is one of the types of jobs that are currently in demand.

Cons of Being a Psychiatrist

•   Emotionally draining: Caring for patients, especially those who have dealt with traumatic experiences, can be emotionally exhausting. The stress of responsibility coupled with intense sessions can potentially lead to professional burnout.

•   Substantial educational debt: The 12 years or more of school plus residency required to become a psychiatrist can be costly and leave you a lot of student loans to repay.

•   Irregular hours: Many psychiatrists have to be flexible in order to accommodate working patients and don’t work the traditional nine-to-five hours.

•   Fluctuating income: The goal of any psychiatrist is to help people manage their lives on their own, which means patients (hopefully) come and go. If you have a private practice, you could experience fluctuations in income from year to year.

•   Physical danger: Unfortunately, some more severely mentally ill patients can potentially become physically violent with their doctors.

•   Risk of lawsuits: Patients can sue their psychiatrist for prescription errors, a misdiagnosis, or session misconduct. Your place of work or private practice will have to have malpractice insurance.

Recommended: Best Entry-Level Jobs for Antisocial People

The Takeaway

You can earn a lot of money working as a psychiatrist if you are willing to spend years on your education, with the average psychiatrist salary coming in at $259,497. But helping others is also calling. When you make a difference in a person’s life, the rewards can be more than financial.

Whatever type of job you pursue, you’ll want to make sure your earnings can cover your everyday expenses. To help ensure your monthly inflows always exceed your monthly outflows, try creating a budget and check out financial tools that can help track your income and spending.

SoFi helps you stay on top of your finances.

FAQ

Can you make $100k a year as a psychiatrist?

Yes. The average salary range for a psychiatrist is $68,500 and $399,000 a year.

Do people like being a psychiatrist?

While the job can be emotionally draining at times, many psychiatrists find tremendous satisfaction in helping others.

Is it hard to get hired as a psychiatrist?

No. There is currently a great demand for psychiatrists, and there will likely always be a need to help patients with mental health issues.


Photo credit: iStock/SDI Productions

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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How Much Does a Chef Make a Year?

The median annual pay for chefs is $56,520 for the most recent year studied, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. This can be a great career for foodies and creative types who love being in the kitchen and can deal with pressures of a food service job.

A good meal can really make someone’s day, whether they’re celebrating a special occasion or not. Chefs can work in a variety of settings, from local eateries to cruise ships to corporate dining rooms to test kitchens. Read on to learn more about the kind of salary a chef earns and more.

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What Are Chefs?

Professional chefs do so much more than cook food.

•   Many chefs are in charge of other kitchen staff and help guide them to success in their careers. (For this reason, it may not be a good job for introverts.)

•   They may also manage inventory and ordering food and confirm ingredients are fresh and ready to use.

•   They may develop recipes and create menus.

•   Chefs may hire and train other chefs to work below them.

•   If a chef owns their own restaurant, they will also take on all the work associated with running a business.

Chefs don’t exclusively work in restaurants. Some may work for catering companies, in hotels, on cruise ships, or at event spaces. They may even work for large offices that cater food for employees each day or at schools and universities, feeding hungry students. There are also chefs who may run their own business, catering local parties and weddings, or providing baked goods for cafes.

What’s more, chefs don’t necessarily need special training. Some may have degrees in food service or hospitality, and others may have attended culinary school or taken classes in various techniques. But others are simply talented people with great skills and taste to share.

That said, working in food service can require being on your feet for long hours and with significant pressure since there are hungry people waiting to be fed.


💡 Quick Tip: When you have questions about what you can and can’t afford, a spending tracker app can show you the answer. With no guilt trip or hourly fee.

How Much Do Starting Chefs Make a Year?

Entry-level chefs can expect to make less than the average salary for a chef, as that figure reflects more years of experience and working one’s way up the pay scale. Instead, a person just starting out might expect to earn more on a par with the lowest 10% of chefs, or less than $33,750.

Worth noting: The top 10% of earners in this role make more than $91,520, indicating that there is the potential to earn $100,000 a year in this career. That is more likely to happen for those who live in major cities or land a job with a big brand or hospitality chain or perhaps find fame as a chef on social media.

What is the Average Salary for a Chef?

In addition to how experienced they are, what state a chef works in can also majorly impact how much money they earn. While the median nationwide salary for chefs is currently $56,520 per year, the following table highlights how much variance chefs can see in pay depending on the state they live and work in.

For example, chefs in New Jersey tend to earn more than the national median ($56,764 on average), whereas Florida chefs earn much less ($34,602 on average).

This table is arranged from highest to lowest salary, and shares hourly pay as well.

What is the Average Chef Salary by State for 2023

State Annual Salary Monthly Pay Weekly Pay Hourly Wage
New Jersey $56,764 $4,730 $1,091 $27.29
Wisconsin $55,435 $4,619 $1,066 $26.65
Alaska $54,063 $4,505 $1,039 $25.99
Massachusetts $53,990 $4,499 $1,038 $25.96
Oregon $53,816 $4,484 $1,034 $25.87
Washington $53,813 $4,484 $1,034 $25.87
North Dakota $53,670 $4,472 $1,032 $25.80
New Mexico $53,309 $4,442 $1,025 $25.63
Minnesota $52,646 $4,387 $1,012 $25.31
Hawaii $52,603 $4,383 $1,011 $25.29
Ohio $51,434 $4,286 $989 $24.73
Colorado $51,407 $4,283 $988 $24.71
Nevada $51,118 $4,259 $983 $24.58
New York $50,810 $4,234 $977 $24.43
South Dakota $50,724 $4,227 $975 $24.39
Rhode Island $49,846 $4,153 $958 $23.96
Iowa $49,742 $4,145 $956 $23.91
Vermont $49,511 $4,125 $952 $23.80
Connecticut $49,322 $4,110 $948 $23.71
Tennessee $49,110 $4,092 $944 $23.61
Utah $48,728 $4,060 $937 $23.43
Delaware $48,579 $4,048 $934 $23.36
Mississippi $48,486 $4,040 $932 $23.31
Virginia $47,981 $3,998 $922 $23.07
Illinois $47,511 $3,959 $913 $22.84
Maryland $47,073 $3,922 $905 $22.63
California $46,594 $3,882 $896 $22.40
Pennsylvania $46,549 $3,879 $895 $22.38
Nebraska $46,142 $3,845 $887 $22.18
Louisiana $45,964 $3,830 $883 $22.10
Missouri $45,660 $3,805 $878 $21.95
Kansas $45,632 $3,802 $877 $21.94
Maine $45,596 $3,799 $876 $21.92
South Carolina $45,226 $3,768 $869 $21.74
New Hampshire $45,221 $3,768 $869 $21.74
Oklahoma $44,686 $3,723 $859 $21.48
Wyoming $44,588 $3,715 $857 $21.44
Idaho $44,507 $3,708 $855 $21.40
North Carolina $44,293 $3,691 $851 $21.29
Texas $44,148 $3,679 $849 $21.23
Indiana $44,062 $3,671 $847 $21.18
Arizona $43,151 $3,595 $829 $20.75
Kentucky $42,767 $3,563 $822 $20.56
Michigan $42,579 $3,548 $818 $20.47
Montana $42,501 $3,541 $817 $20.43
Alabama $41,970 $3,497 $807 $20.18
Arkansas $40,542 $3,378 $779 $19.49
Georgia $39,098 $3,258 $751 $18.80
West Virginia $35,951 $2,995 $691 $17.28
Florida $34,602 $2,883 $665 $16.64

Source: ZipRecruiter

Recommended: Pros and Cons of Raising Minimum Wage

Chef Job Considerations for Pay & Benefits

It’s hard to pinpoint what potential benefits chefs gain access to in addition to their hourly wage or annual salary.

That being said, many chefs who work full-time will qualify for traditional employer-sponsored benefits like retirement savings accounts, health insurance, and paid time off.

Chefs who work part-time may not qualify for any benefits, and those who own their own businesses will be responsible for securing those benefits.


💡 Quick Tip: Income, expenses, and life circumstances can change. Consider reviewing your budget a few times a year and making any adjustments if needed.

Pros and Cons of Chef Salary

The main advantage of a chef’s salary is that many years of expensive schooling aren’t required to earn a decent salary. Not having to worry about student loans can help a chef’s salary stretch a lot further. While some chefs may choose to attend culinary programs at a technical school, culinary arts school, community college, or a four-year college, this education can be obtained affordably.

On the flip side, it can be challenging to find a full-time role as a chef that comes with benefits, and the tradeoff for a decent salary is often very long and hard working hours, with a considerable degree of stress.

Recommended: What Does Competitive Pay Mean?

The Takeaway

Working as a chef can be an exciting way to earn a solid living. Those who are passionate about food will likely love going to work every day. This job does come with its challenges—primarily, it is physically demanding and under high pressure—but can be a great way to turn a love of food and cooking into a career.

See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance.

FAQ

Can you make 100k a year as a chef?

While it is possible to earn $100,000 a year as a chef, it isn’t typical to earn that much. The median annual salary for chefs is $56,520. That being said, chefs who work in fine dining or who own their own businesses may be able to earn more competitive pay.

Do people like being a chef?

If someone loves to cook, they will likely enjoy being a chef. However, this job does require a lot of social interaction with other members of the kitchen and wait staff, so it’s not a great fit for anyone who is antisocial.

Is it hard to get hired as a chef?

There are about 22,000 openings annually for chefs and head cooks, and job opportunities are growing faster than average. So if someone has the right skill set and qualifications, they should be able to find a job as a chef. It is important to note that it may be challenging to get hired as a chef if someone lives in an area without a lot of restaurants or lacks industry experience.


Photo credit: Dimensions

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

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How Much Does a Physician Assistant Make a Year?

The most recent median annual salary for physician assistants is $126,010 per year, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. This is significantly more (about twice) the average pay of all jobs in the US.

Working as a physicians assistant can be a fulfilling way to have a career in the medical industry without having to spend as much time or money on school as a doctor. Like doctors, physician assistants stand to make a lot of money, but can save on tuition costs since they typically only need a master’s degree to work in this role.

Keep reading to learn more about what physician assistants do and how much money they make.

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What Are Physician Assistants?

A physician assistant is capable of performing a lot of tasks a medical doctor would perform, such as conducting patient examinations, diagnosing illnesses, and delivering treatments. They complete their work under physician supervision and their day-to-day responsibilities can include tasks like:

•   Obtaining and reviewing medical histories

•   Ordering diagnostic tests

•   Prescribing medications

•   Collaborating with healthcare teams.

A physician assistant can specialize in a specific healthcare field like primary care, emergency medicine, and psychiatry, which can affect their job responsibilities.

As mentioned above, these individuals typically have a master’s degree; this is usually a requirement for licensing. However, you don’t need to go to and pay for medical school.

Job opportunities are likely to be plentiful. The projected growth over 2022 to 2032 is 27%, which is very well above the single-digit average for most professions.


💡 Quick Tip: We love a good spreadsheet, but not everyone feels the same. An online budget planner can give you the same insight into your budgeting and spending at a glance, without the extra effort.

How Much Do Starting Physician Assistants Make a Year?

Like any career, it takes time to earn a high salary when working as a physician assistant. When a physician assistant is entry-level, their salary may compare with the lowest 10% of earners in this role, who make $83,820 or less, but there is a lot of room for improvement here.

The highest 10% of earners make more than $168,120. In other words, it is indeed possible to earn $100,000 a year.

What is the Average Salary for a Physician Assistant?

The answer to the question—how much money does a physician assistant make—can vary depending on where a physician assistant works. Some jobs will pay more due to location. The following table illustrates the average salary for this role in each state and a quick glance makes it clear there is a lot of variance in pay by state. For example, a physician assistant in New York makes $44,095 more on average than someone in this role in Florida, which is quite a gap.

Below, this table shares how much a physician assistant job pays both by state and by different rates, including hourly pay, from highest to lowest.

Recommended: Best Jobs for Extroverts That Pay Well

What Is the Average Physician Assistant Salary by State for 2023

State Annual Salary Monthly Pay Weekly Pay Hourly
New York $135,153 $11,262 $2,599 $64.98
Vermont $132,952 $11,079 $2,556 $63.92
Maine $127,291 $10,607 $2,447 $61.20
Pennsylvania $123,776 $10,314 $2,380 $59.51
Washington $123,029 $10,252 $2,365 $59.15
Massachusetts $121,192 $10,099 $2,330 $58.27
New Hampshire $120,808 $10,067 $2,323 $58.08
New Jersey $120,671 $10,055 $2,320 $58.02
Alaska $120,511 $10,042 $2,317 $57.94
Oregon $119,212 $9,934 $2,292 $57.31
North Dakota $119,074 $9,922 $2,289 $57.25
Wisconsin $118,753 $9,896 $2,283 $57.09
Wyoming $118,099 $9,841 $2,271 $56.78
Hawaii $116,804 $9,733 $2,246 $56.16
Colorado $115,983 $9,665 $2,230 $55.76
Indiana $115,955 $9,662 $2,229 $55.75
New Mexico $114,119 $9,509 $2,194 $54.86
Nevada $113,947 $9,495 $2,191 $54.78
Minnesota $113,836 $9,486 $2,189 $54.73
Arizona $113,557 $9,463 $2,183 $54.59
South Dakota $112,537 $9,378 $2,164 $54.10
Montana $111,846 $9,320 $2,150 $53.77
Ohio $110,903 $9,241 $2,132 $53.32
Alabama $110,449 $9,204 $2,124 $53.10
Rhode Island $110,419 $9,201 $2,123 $53.09
Delaware $109,969 $9,164 $2,114 $52.87
Virginia $108,760 $9,063 $2,091 $52.29
Connecticut $108,357 $9,029 $2,083 $52.10
Iowa $108,260 $9,021 $2,081 $52.05
Mississippi $107,125 $8,927 $2,060 $51.50
Illinois $107,052 $8,921 $2,058 $51.47
California $106,842 $8,903 $2,054 $51.37
Maryland $106,595 $8,882 $2,049 $51.25
Tennessee $105,885 $8,823 $2,036 $50.91
Utah $105,559 $8,796 $2,029 $50.75
Nebraska $104,594 $8,716 $2,011 $50.29
Missouri $103,224 $8,602 $1,985 $49.63
Georgia $102,891 $8,574 $1,978 $49.47
South Carolina $102,185 $8,515 $1,965 $49.13
1Idaho $101,964 $8,497 $1,960 $49.02
Oklahoma $101,291 $8,440 $1,947 $48.70
Texas $101,057 $8,421 $1,943 $48.59
Kansas $100,847 $8,403 $1,939 $48.48
North Carolina $100,075 $8,339 $1,924 $48.11
Louisiana $99,387 $8,282 $1,911 $47.78
Kentucky $96,173 $8,014 $1,849 $46.24
Michigan $96,099 $8,008 $1,848 $46.20
West Virginia $95,594 $7,966 $1,838 $45.96
Arkansas $91,350 $7,612 $1,756 $43.92
Florida $91,058 $7,588 $1,751 $43.78

Source: Ziprecruiter

Physician Assistant Job Considerations for Pay & Benefits

It’s very common to work full-time as a physician assistant, which typically means that in addition to competitive pay, these professionals gain access to employer-sponsored benefits.

These may include:

•   Health insurance

•   Retirement plans

•   Paid sick days

•   Paid vacation

The tradeoff for a great compensation package can be having to work long hours or be on call. In addition, you may be exposed to medical emergencies, which can be stressful, and germs.

In addition, a career as a physician assistant requires much interaction with patients and the other members of the medical team. For this reason, it may not be a top choice as a job for antisocial people.


💡 Quick Tip: Income, expenses, and life circumstances can change. Consider reviewing your budget a few times a year and making any adjustments if needed.

Pros and Cons of Physician Assistant Salary

The main advantage of a physician assistant salary is that it is well over the national average for all jobs, which is currently $59,384. As you see, a physician assistant can possibly make twice that amount.

This high take-home pay may make it easier to create and stick to a monthly budget.

The only real downside of this salary is that to earn it, a master’s degree is necessary which can lead to student loan debt.

Recommended: How to Calculate Your Net Worth

The Takeaway

Building a career as a physician assistant can lead to making a high salary of $125,000-plus on average, or more than $168,120 for the top 10% of earners in this role. Many find this career path preferable to becoming a doctor as it requires spending a lot less time in school and the degree requirements come with a much lower sticker price. It’s also a fulfilling role for those who enjoy helping others.

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FAQ

Can you make 100k a year as a physician assistant?

It is very possible to earn $100,000 a year or more as a physician assistant. The median annual salary for this job is $126,010, and only the bottom 10% of earners in this specific role make less than $83,820.

Do people like being a physician assistant?

Those who are passionate about the medical field and who enjoy working with people tend to get a lot of job satisfaction from working as a physician assistant. However, an introvert may dislike how social this job requires them to be.

Is it hard to get hired as a physician assistant?

The good news for prospective physician assistants is that there are plenty of job openings to be found in this field, with a rapid growth of 27% from 2022 to 2032, and there is an average projection of approximately 12,200 job openings annually.


SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

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What Are Commodities? How Do They Fit Into the Stock Market?

Commodities are the raw materials that are the building blocks of most types of production, whether for commercial, military, or industrial goods. Different types of grain, livestock, metals, and energy sources (such as crude oil) are some of the most common commodities.

Although commodities may offer some advantages to investors, commodities are considered a high-risk market, as prices can fluctuate based on numerous factors that are hard to anticipate: e.g. weather events; regional political changes; supply chain issues, and more.

Nonetheless, investing in commodities can be useful for diversification because commodities tend to have a low correlation with traditional asset classes like stocks and bonds. Commodities are considered alternative investments, and thus they may be better suited to some investors than others.

What Is a Commodity?

A commodity is a raw material that can be bought, sold, or traded according to its value in producing other types of goods. Some commodities, like sugar or beef, may be consumed directly.

Understanding Commodities

Many of the things you use or consume in everyday life start off in commodity form. For example, the gas you put in your car is created by refining crude oil.

The hallmark of a commodity is that a unit of one type of commodity rarely differs substantially from another unit of that commodity. Thus one bushel of corn is equivalent to any other bushel of corn. One bar of gold is interchangeable with any other bar of gold.

This is quite different from traditional investments like stocks and bonds, where the quality of one stock can vary widely from another; or where one bond may get a triple-A rating and another is rated as junk.

Another difference is that the market forces that impact the movement of stocks or bonds often don’t apply to commodities, which are driven by supply and demand. So an inflationary period could hurt the performance of stocks or bonds, but might benefit commodities when the prices of certain goods rise.

This is one reason why commodities are considered alternative investments, which are not correlated with the movements of more traditional assets and thus can offer investors some diversification.

Trading Commodities

While stocks are traded on a stock exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or Nasdaq, commodities and commodities futures are traded on a commodities exchange, such as the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYME) or the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME).

The Chicago Board of Trade has established standards of measurement and grades of quality for different types of commodities that facilitate commodities trading. For example, there are 5,000 bushels of #2 yellow corn per corn contract, and corn can be traded on the spot or cash market, or the futures market.

💡 Quick Tip: While investing directly in alternative assets often requires high minimum amounts, investing in alts through a mutual fund or ETF generally involves a low minimum requirement, making them accessible to retail investors.

Alternative investments,
now for the rest of us.

Start trading funds that include commodities, private credit, real estate, venture capital, and more.


Commodity Types and Examples

Broadly speaking, commodities can be divided into one of two categories: hard or soft.

•   Hard commodities generally must be mined or otherwise extracted from the earth.

•   Soft commodities are sourced naturally either through agriculture or cultivation.

Hard and soft commodities can serve different purposes in the global economy and supply chain. Within these broader categories, you can further distinguish specific types of commodities from one another.

Types of Commodities Examples

Hard

•   Energy

•   Precious Metals

•   Industrial Metals

•   Aluminum Copper

•   Crude Oil

•   Diesel

•   Gold

•   Lead

•   Natural Gas

•   Nickel

•   Palladium

•   Platinum

•   Silver

•   Tin

•   Zinc

Soft

•   Agricultural Products

•   Livestock

•   Cattle

•   Coffee

•   Corn

•   Cotton

•   Orange juice

•   Palm Oil

•   Pork

•   Soybeans

•   Sugar

•   Tea

•   Wheat

Hard and soft commodities may be traded globally but have a smaller geographic footprint in terms of where they’re sourced from.

For example, nearly 100 countries around the world produce crude oil, but five countries are responsible for 52% of the supply. China, meanwhile, is the world’s largest producer of wheat, generating around 17% of total production.

How Are Commodities Traded on the Stock Market?

Commodities are most often traded on an exchange using futures contracts. A commodity futures contract is an agreement to either buy or sell a specified quantity of a commodity at some future date at a predetermined price. It’s important to note that commodities futures are not regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Futures are not the only way to trade commodities, however. Investors may also choose to pursue:

•   Direct investment via cash (on the spot market)

•   Mutual funds

•   Exchange-traded funds (ETFs)

•   Exchange-traded notes (ETNs)

•   Commodity-linked stocks and bonds

Of these options, direct investment tends to prove the most difficult for individual investors. Trading commodities through direct investment requires the exchange of physical goods. However, physically holding one ton of wheat or 1,000 head of cattle isn’t a realistic expectation for most commodities traders.

Mutual funds and ETFs can offer an easier access point to the commodities market while allowing investors to diversify. Rather than tying up investment dollars in a single commodity, an investor may diversify across several different types of commodities within a single fund or ETF.

Regardless of how someone invests in commodities, there are real risks to weigh. Commodities can be highly volatile as there are a variety of outside factors that can influence the direction in which prices move.

💡 Quick Tip: Did you know that opening a brokerage account typically doesn’t come with any setup costs? Often, the only requirement to open a brokerage account — aside from providing personal details — is making an initial deposit.

What Determines Commodities Prices?

Supply and demand play an integral role in determining how commodities are valued. When supply exceeds demand, e.g. if there were a drop-off in the demand for copper, the price of that commodity would also likely drop. But if a new technology like AI emerges, creating demand for precious metals, that could drive some commodities prices up.

Global events, such as widespread flooding or war can also trigger fluctuations in commodity prices.

Volatility in commodities pricing can have far-reaching effects on the global economy. Research from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) suggests that swings in commodity prices, meaning what a country pays for its imported commodities vs. what it collects for exported ones, have the potential to hinder long-term economic growth, particularly for those countries that are significant exporters.5

The IMF also determined that instability in commodity prices may also increase volatility in domestic inflation. Rising prices for basic domestic goods, such as food or energy, can be especially burdensome in countries that have developing economies.

The Takeaway

What are commodities? Commodities are all around you, from the clothes you wear to the foods you eat, to the technology you use at home and at work.

Within the financial markets, commodities play an important role in price regulation for consumer goods. As an investor, commodities trading can open up new avenues to diversification, though it’s wise to consider how these investments align with your personal risk tolerance.

Ready to expand your portfolio's growth potential? Alternative investments, traditionally available to high-net-worth individuals, are accessible to everyday investors on SoFi's easy-to-use platform. Investments in commodities, real estate, venture capital, and more are now within reach. Alternative investments can be high risk, so it's important to consider your portfolio goals and risk tolerance to determine if they're right for you.


Invest in alts to take your portfolio beyond stocks and bonds.

FAQ

What Is a Commodity vs. a Stock?

A commodity is a raw material that’s used to create something else, such as crude oil that’s refined into gasoline or wheat that’s used to produce bread. Whereas a stock represents an ownership share in a company.

Are commodities riskier than stocks?

Commodities can be riskier than stocks because they’re often speculative in nature and their pricing can be highly volatile. Some types of commodities may prove more stable than others, though it’s important to consider how supply and demand may affect pricing.

What is the safest commodity to invest in?

There are no “safe” investments, and there is always the risk of loss when investing. With commodities, choosing one that is more insulated from fluctuations in pricing can be beneficial, but this can be difficult to predict. Gold and some precious metals may fare well when inflation rises, or there’s increased uncertainty in the markets about interest rates. Again there are no guarantees.


Photo credit: iStock/deyanarobova

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Please note that Interval Funds are illiquid instruments, hence the ability to trade on your timeline may be restricted. Investors should review the fee schedule for Interval Funds via the prospectus.

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Shares of ETFs must be bought and sold at market price, which can vary significantly from the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). Investment returns are subject to market volatility and shares may be worth more or less their original value when redeemed. The diversification of an ETF will not protect against loss. An ETF may not achieve its stated investment objective. Rebalancing and other activities within the fund may be subject to tax consequences.


Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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