Guide to a Personal Slush Fund

You may have heard the term “slush fund” used to refer to a business setting aside money for miscellaneous and sometimes shadowy expenses.

However, a personal slush fund can be something quite purposeful and useful. It can serve as a pool of money that you can use for discretionary expenses. It can be an asset to your budget and might keep you from being tempted to dip into your emergency fund when you really shouldn’t.

Key Points

•   A slush fund is money set aside for discretionary expenses or fun purchases vs. necessities.

•   It can prevent overspending on wants.

•   Typically, a slush fund is part of the 30% in the 50/30/20 budget rule.

•   The amount kept in a slush fund varies based on personal needs.

•   A slush fund can be kept in a checking or separate account.

Including Slush Money in the Budget

A slush fund typically describes money set aside for miscellaneous purposes, often fun, discretionary expenses.

The word “slush” was created in the 17th century to describe half-melted snow. By the following century, “slush” was also used to describe the fat from meat that was boiled on a ship for sailors to eat. When any leftover fat was sold at ports, the proceeds became the crew’s “slush fund.” When a military publication suggested that the money be used to buy books of the men’s choice, the phrase began to take on one of today’s meanings: as extra cash to spend on wants, rather than needs.

In modern business accounting, a slush fund is an account on a general ledger that doesn’t have a designated purpose and so is treated as a reserve of funds.

In its most negative meaning in the business world, a slush fund is kept off a company’s books for nefarious purposes. In the political arena, the term can be used to describe money, perhaps raised secretly, to be used for illegal activities.

When talking about personal finances, however, a slush fund is usually considered fun money: an account with some easily accessible cash you can use versus using your credit card or dipping into other funds. It can be part of your checking account or a separate account.

Budgeting With Slush Money

So do you need a slush fund? It may make sense to have one. First, it can help people to not overspend on wants. If someone uses (or has at least heard of) the 50/30/20 rule of budgeting, the slush money can be what goes into the 30% category.

Here’s how this budget technique works (you can use a 50/30/20 calculator to help you implement it):

•   50% to needs: This comprises rent or mortgage payments, car payments, groceries, insurance, student loan payments, minimum credit card payments, and so forth.

•   30% to wants: From eating out to buying a piece of jewelry or tickets to a game or concert, this is the discretionary spending category.

•   20% to savings: From emergency savings account to retirement account contributions, this money is for future spending, including but also going beyond rainy-day needs.

Here’s another reason why some people may want a slush fund: They are part of a couple and have a joint account for bill-paying and other practical purposes. Each partner may also want to have a slush account of their own, though. Those individual accounts can be used for your own personal spending (yoga classes, iced lattes, clothing, etc.) without your partner being privy to your purchases.

Tip: If you do have multiple bank accounts, it can be wise to consider online banks, where you’re likely to earn a favorable interest rate and pay low or no fees.

Pros and Cons of Slush Funds

Slush funds have their pros and cons. First, consider the upsides:

•   Easily accessible

•   Allows for discretionary spending

•   Helps you avoid using high-interest credit cards

•   May help reduce money stress.

As for downsides, consider:

•   Could encourage you to overspend

•   Could incur banking fees on an additional account

•   Funds might be better used to pay down debt or to save

•   Money might grow more or faster if saved or invested.

Here is this information in chart form:

Pros of a Slush Fund Cons of a Slush Fund
Easily accessible Might grow faster if saved/invested
Allows for discretionary spending Could be used to pay down debt or invest instead
Avoids credit card usage Could lead to overspending
Could reduce money stress Could incur banking fees

Slush Funds vs. Emergency Funds

You may wonder how a slush fund and emergency funds differ, as both are pools of money kept in reserve.

Consider this typical distinction:

•   A slush fund is usually a smaller amount of excess cash, perhaps similar to a cash cushion, that’s kept for discretionary spending, such as concert tickets, a last-minute weekend getaway, or other purchases.

•   An emergency fund is typically an account with three to six months’ worth of basic living expenses. It’s meant to be tapped when a true emergency crops up, such as paying bills during a period of job loss or covering an unexpected medical, dental, or car repair bill. You can use an online emergency fund calculator to help guide how much you stash away.

Prioritizing What Matters

The way people organize how their money is spent is at the heart of budgeting (whether using the 50/30/20 or other budgeting method).

When their savings and spending are understood and tracked, people can adjust their budgets for even more effective prioritization.

How to set money goals? A review of your budget might indicate, for instance, that paying down high-interest credit card debt (and then paying it off) can free up money for more enjoyable pursuits.

Some people may focus on paying off student loan debt more quickly, again to free up cash in the monthly budget, while still others may prioritize building up their emergency savings account.

Each situation is unique. This trifecta might be a good place to start: a budget that meets your needs, helps you reach financial goals, and includes some room for discretionary spending.

Reaching Savings Goals

If you want to create a slush fund just for fun, good for you. Enjoying hard-earned money may be a nice counterbalance to responsible bill-paying. To help you manage your money better and reach your goals, here is a six-step process to consider:

1.    Identify goals: In this case, the goal is to set aside slush money, but priorities come into play. If, for example, an emergency fund is at the ready and retirement contributions are regularly being made, it may be time to focus on the slush fund. If one or both still need some attention, the slush fund may be third on the list for savings. Again, each situation is unique.

2.    Select a monthly deposit amount for the account: Perhaps there’s a specific goal (like creating a travel fund) or an amount can comfortably be budgeted. For a specific goal, such as a trip, it can help to figure out the time frame available to save and then divide the cost of a trip by the number of months available to save for it. That’s the monthly deposit amount required to reach the goal. For the second, saving as much as is reasonable to enjoy in the future can be key.

3.    Write down goals: Writing down what you want to achieve can boost the chances of reaching those goals. These jottings can be an ongoing reminder of what you want to achieve, keeping it front of mind. And because slush money is used for pleasurable purposes, it can be fun to write about plans.

4.    Monitor progress: By tracking daily spending habits and long-term savings habits, the process can be further refined. Some people like to use an Excel spreadsheet or Google Docs. Others use an app to track spending and set monthly budget targets. At the risk of sounding like a broken record (do people use that phrase anymore?), do what works best.

5.    Celebrate successes: For longer-term goals, savings fatigue can set it. To combat that, celebrate even the smallest of successes. Able to save $50 more this week than expected? Buy yourself a little treat (a quick massage or perhaps a bubble tea) to reward yourself for a job well done.

6.    Automate the process: Make the savings process easier by automating your finances. A certain dollar amount out of each paycheck can automatically be deposited into the savings account, or an automatic transfer can be set up from a checking account.

Recommended: How to Save Money From Your Salary

4 Tips to Help You Manage Your Slush Fund(s)

Here are a few ideas for accruing a slush fund:

1.    Be consistent. If you make a plan to save $10 or $25 or more per paycheck for a slush fund, keep up with it.

2.    Stash extra cash. If a financial windfall comes your way — a bonus, a tax refund — you may want to see how much can be earmarked as slush money.

3.    Bring in more money. Consider the benefits of a side hustle. Think of what hobbies can be turned into income earners and consider putting those extra dollars into the fund.

4.    Earn interest. Think about the best place to keep your slush account. You might choose to keep it in your usual checking account, a separate checking account, or a savings account. Shop around for the best interest rate so your money can earn money. Online banks vs. traditional banks tend to offer higher rates.

The Takeaway

A slush fund is money typically set aside for discretionary spending, meaning paying for things that are not necessities but are the fun wants in life, such as new clothes, a gym membership, or a long weekend away. This money can be kept where it’s liquid, earning some interest, and fee-free for maximum benefit.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

What is a slush fund used for?

Typically, a slush fund is used for discretionary spending on fun purchases. It is used for the wants, not the needs, in life.

How much should you have in a slush fund?

There is not a set amount you should have in a slush fund, unlike the case with an emergency fund. Rather, you should have enough to cover unplanned purchases or expenses, such as joining a yoga studio, buying a new suitcase, or going away for the weekend, instead of charging those costs.

What are the differences between a slush fund and a petty cash fund?

In the business world, a petty cash fund is kept for incidentals, such as catering a breakfast for a client, running out to get an office supply you ran out of, and the like. A slush fund is for other miscellaneous expenses that can crop up. Perhaps you’re an entrepreneur and have to hop on a plane to pitch a new client: The price of the ticket might come out of your slush fund.


SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 11/12/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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How to Cancel Subscriptions on an iPhone, iPad, or Mac

How to Cancel Subscriptions on an iPhone, iPad, or Mac

Many people sign up for app free trials, perhaps for an exercise program or a streaming platform, and think they’ll remember to cancel in a week, before they get billed…but don’t. Then, a charge appears on a statement, and they realize it’s time to take action and cancel that unwanted subscription.

Or perhaps you’re the type who signed up for a meditation app but haven’t used it in a while and think it’s time to exit.

In these situations, you may need a little help figuring out the most direct way to cancel a subscription on your iPhone, iPad, or Mac. Here’s help: a guide to canceling those money-draining sign-ups.

Key Points

•   To cancel an unwanted iPhone, iPad, or Mac subscription, open Settings or App Store.

•   Access the Subscriptions section on an iPhone or iPad by tapping your name or signing in. Visit the App Store on a Mac.

•   Select and cancel the specific subscription you no longer need.

•   Set reminders to cancel before trial ends using mobile apps or calendar.

•   Track monthly expenses and budget to avoid unwanted charges.

How to Cancel App Subscriptions on an iPhone or iPad

Here are the steps for canceling a subscription on your mobile iOS device.

Step 1. Open the Settings app.

Step 2. Tap your name at the top of the page.

Step 3. Tap Subscriptions.

Step 4: Tap the subscription that you want to cancel.

Step 5. Tap Cancel Subscription. If you don’t see Cancel as an option, the subscription has already been cancelled and won’t renew. You should be free of this charge and on track to be saving money daily.

There’s another option you might use:

Step 1. Go to the App Store.

Step 2. Tap your profile image.

Step 3. Scroll down to Subscriptions and tap. You will then see any active subscriptions.

Step 4. Tap the subscription you want to cancel.

Step 5. Confirm by tapping Cancel Subscription. That can help keep more money in your checking account, to be used as you see fit.

How to Cancel Subscriptions on a Mac

Follow these instructions to cancel app subscriptions on a Mac laptop or desktop computer.

Step 1. Open the App Store (you can locate this in Finder under Applications, or at the bottom of your home screen).

Step 2. Click the sign-in button or your name at the bottom of the sidebar.

Step 3. Click View Information at the top right of the window. You may be prompted to sign in.

Step 4. On the page that appears, scroll until you see Subscriptions, then click Manage.

Step 5. Click Cancel Subscription. If you don’t see Cancel Subscription, then the subscription is already cancelled and will not renew.

Accidentally Cancelled a Subscription? Here’s How to Restart

If you got a little trigger-happy and canceled the wrong subscription. Or perhaps you have a change of heart after canceling an app and want to get it back, realizing that you were just momentarily feeling guilty about spending money.

Step 1. Open the Settings app.

Step 2. Tap your name at the top of the page.

Step 3. Tap Subscriptions.

Step 4. Look for the list of expired subscriptions at the bottom of the screen. Tap the one you would like to reactivate.

Step 5. On the subscription page, tap the subscription option you want and then confirm your choice. You’ll now be resubscribed.

Recommended: Budgeting for Basic Living Expenses

How-to Tip: Setting Reminders to Avoid Unwanted Subscriptions

The next time you sign up for a new app that has a trial period promotion going on, you may want to set a reminder on your mobile device to cancel your app subscription. Say, you want to cut back and save on streaming services after having signed up for half a dozen different channels on a boring rainy weekend.

This could help you avoid unexpected monthly expenses and manage your money better to reach your short-term financial goals.

You could use your phone to ask Siri to set a reminder to cancel a subscription a few days before fees will kick in. Or, you could use the Reminders app on your phone or iPad.

Another option is to use Calendar to create a New Event for the date and time you want to cancel an app. To get a notification on that day, you’ll want to make sure the Alert section is set to “at time of event.” This move can help you reduce your spending.

Recommended: How to Make a Budget in 5 Steps

The Takeaway

Most subscriptions automatically renew unless you cancel them. If you sign up for a free trial and don’t cancel in time, you will end up paying a monthly fee that you likely won’t be able to get refunded.

A good way to make sure you aren’t paying for subscriptions you don’t want is to track your monthly spending and then set up a basic budget. Having a budget can help ensure that your spending is in line with your priorities and short-term financial goals. Your bank may offer tools to help you with expense tracking and overall budgeting.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

How do I cancel an active subscription on my iPhone?

To cancel an active subscription on your iPhone, navigate to Settings, click on your name, and then scroll to Subscriptions. Then, select the subscription that you want to cancel and tap Cancel Subscription. Confirm your choice to finalize the cancellation.

How do I cancel an unwanted subscription?

To cancel a subscription you no longer want, check where you originally purchased it (for example, via the company’s website, app store, etc.). Then, navigate to the platform’s subscription management section (account settings or Google Play, perhaps) and follow the cancellation instructions. If you can’t find the option to cancel there, contact the company directly.

Where do I find my subscriptions on my phone?

To find your subscriptions on your Android phone or iPhone, navigate to the platform’s respective app store or account settings. On Android, this is typically done through the Google Play Store app, while on iPhone, it’s within the App Store or Apple ID settings.


Photo credit: iStock/Suwaree Tangbovornpichet

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 11/12/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Tips for Buying a Single-Family Home

What Is a Single-Family Home?

It’s no secret that the price tags of single-family homes — the ideal dwelling in terms of space, independence, and resale value — have spiked, and many current homeowners have been reluctant to let go, but a buyer whose heart is set on a single-family home may be able to follow a playbook to find their prize.

Buying a single-family home isn’t dramatically different from purchasing another type of property, but the process has a few variations. Here are some guidelines.

Key Points

•   A single-family home means a dwelling meant for one person or household, though beyond that definitions can vary slightly.

•   Single-family homes can be either attached or detached, with attached properties sharing walls and detached homes standing alone on their own land.

•   Benefits of buying a single-family home can include spacious, quiet living and long-term investment potential.

•   Financing options for single-family homes can include conventional loans, FHA loans, VA loans, and USDA loans, each with different requirements and benefits.

•   Typical costs associated with buying a single-family home include down payment, closing costs, and moving fees.

What Does Single-Family Home Mean?

The definition would seem easy enough, but it does vary according to real estate experts and government sources. The U.S. Census Bureau says single-family homes include fully detached and semi-detached homes, row houses, duplexes, quadruplexes, and townhouses. Each unit has a separate heating system and meter for public utilities, and has no units above or below.

According to other definitions of a single-family home, the building has no shared walls; it stands alone on its own parcel of land. In some places, the number of kitchens the home has informs the definition.

Unlike a multi-family property, a single-family home is meant for one person or household. Among the types of houses out there, including condos, co-ops, townhouses, and manufactured homes, the single-family home remains the holy grail for many Americans.

💡 Quick Tip: When house hunting, don’t forget to lock in your home mortgage loan rate so there are no surprises if your offer is accepted.

Attached vs Detached Single-Family Homes

Single-family homes can be either attached or detached. An attached property has one or more walls in common with another property – think townhouses or row houses. You may find them in locations like cities where land is expensive.

What is a single-family detached home? This may be what you think of when you imagine a single-farmily home. Detached houses do not share any walls and typically stand alone on their own dedicated plot of land.

First-time homebuyers can
prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan,
with as little as 3% down.

Questions? Call (888)-541-0398.


Benefits of Buying a Single-Family Home

While condos and townhouses may come with shared amenities and lower maintenance, traditional detached single-family homes come with different perks. When people buy a single-family home, they’re looking for benefits specific to this property type.

Spacious, Quiet, and Intimate

A single-family home is typically larger than a condo or townhome. Moreover, since the property is often on its own lot without shared walls, a single-family home offers more space and more privacy inside and outside the home.

Possibly No HOA

A co-op association or a condo or townhouse homeowners association sets and enforces rules and collects fees to pay for shared amenities. Anyone who buys into an HOA community must live by the CC&Rs: the covenants, conditions, and restrictions. These can be lengthy, and the ongoing fees can continually rise.

You may be able to buy a detached single-family home with no HOA and paint your mailbox, or house, pink or purple — unless you live in a city like Palm Coast, Florida, that allows only earth tones and light or pastel hues but no colors that are deemed “loud, clashing, or garish.” (As of July 2025, the town is considering loosening this restriction.)

Then again, HOAs are becoming more common for detached single-family homes in planned communities. In fact, about 65% of single-family homes built in 2022 were in an HOA.

Single-Family Home Appreciation

Generally, single-family homes are in higher demand than multi-family or other properties. Because of both the building and demand, when a person buys a single-family home, the value may increase faster.

Possibilities for Renovation and Expansion

When people buy single-family homes, they’re buying into the potential to expand or renovate extensively. If the lot is big enough, single-family homeowners could put an addition on the property.

Single-family homes can be an attractive buy simply because of the option to expand in the future, unlike properties with shared lots or walls.

Long-Term Investment Potential

Many homebuyers may have an eye toward selling their new property down the road. Historically, real estate has tended to appreciate in value, and single-family homes, which are currently in demand, are no exception. Detached homes may be more desirable to some, due to their land and the privacy it affords their owners, but attached homes, too, if well-maintained, have the potential to appreciate in value.


Get matched with a local
real estate agent and earn up to
$9,500 cash back when you close.



💡 Quick Tip: Not to be confused with prequalification, preapproval involves a longer application, documentation, and hard credit pulls. Ideally, you want to keep your applications for preapproval to within the same 14- to 45-day period, since many hard credit pulls outside the given time period can adversely affect your credit score, which in turn affects the mortgage terms you’ll be offered.

How to Buy a Single-Family Home

Ready to buy a single-family home? Anyone from a first-time buyer to a seasoned investor may find appeal in a single-family home.

Recommended: First-Time Homebuyers Guide

1. Draw Up Your Financial Priorities

First, it’s important to look at finances. Your credit scores can have a significant impact on getting approved for a mortgage. To get a clear read on credit, but not scores, buyers can request free credit reports from the three major credit bureaus.

Additionally, it can be helpful for a qualified first-time homebuyer — who can be anyone who has not owned a principal residence in three years, some single parents, and others — to look into specialty mortgages and programs to see if they qualify for them.

A loan from the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) may allow a down payment as low as 3.5%. A USDA loan (from the United States Department of Agriculture) requires nothing down, and a VA loan (from the Department of Veterans Affairs) also usually requires nothing down. Some conventional lenders allow qualifying first-time buyers to put just 3% down.

It’s important to know, though, that all FHA loans require an upfront and annual mortgage insurance premium, regardless of the down payment size. VA loans require a one-time “funding fee.” And borrowers with conventional conforming loans who put down less than 20% will pay private mortgage insurance until their loan-to-value ratio drops to 80% and they request removal, or to 78%, when it falls off.

2. Decide on Your Preferred Type of Housing

No two houses are alike, just as no two homebuyers are. Everyone has different tastes and priorities about where they want to call home.

Before hitting every open house in town, consider deciding on must-haves for a single-family detached home, including privacy, proximity to businesses, size, and style. This could help determine if a single-family home is the right fit.

3. Arrive at Your Price Point

Armed with an understanding of the type of house, you can start thinking about the price point. In addition to considering the down payment, buyers will want to calculate a monthly mortgage payment and total loan costs.

Figuring out a price point before looking at homes can take the emotion out of the process. That way, buyers have a budget in mind and a “do not exceed” amount before they fall for a home.

4. Search for a Good Real Estate Agent

Buying a single-family home can be fun, stressful, and fast-paced. Working with a trusted real estate agent can make the process a little easier.

To find a real estate agent, you might consider:

•   Reaching out to friends for referrals

•   Checking out local real estate association websites

•   Using an agent selling homes in the area you want to buy in

You might want to interview more than one agent, asking about their experience, availability, and philosophy. The choice of agent will likely come down to a combination of personality match and experience.

5. Find Your Neighborhood

Once you have an agent and budget, it’s time to dive deeper into neighborhoods. Once again, the choice of where to search will come down to the buyer; there’s no one “right” place to buy a single-family home.

As buyers explore neighborhoods, they might prioritize the following:

•   School district

•   Walkability

•   Proximity to workplace

•   Community resources

•   Budget

An experienced agent can help buyers distill their priorities and even point them in the right direction. Typically, buyers will have to balance the above elements, as it might not be possible to check all the boxes in a single neighborhood.

6. Tour Homes With Your Agent

After buyers decide what neighborhoods they want to buy a single-family home in, it’s time to start touring properties.

When touring a single-family home with an agent, try to allot between half an hour to an hour. In the case of open houses, prospective buyers can walk in at any time, but private home tours require a buyer’s agent to gain access to the property.

When buying a single-family home, everyone will have their own checklist of what they want, which might include:

•   Listing price

•   Number of bedrooms and bathrooms

•   Storage space

•   Floorplan

•   Plot of land

•   Deck and porch

•   Garage and driveway

It could help to take photos or notes while touring a home to refer to them long after you’ve left the property.

7. Choose a House and Bid

Found a place and ready to make an offer? Time to get a home loan in order. Luckily, buyers will have a good idea of what they can offer on a property based on their finances if they’ve done the upfront legwork.

Your agent can help with negotiating a house price.

How to make an offer? It pays to understand comps and the temperature of the market, and then:

•   Figure out the offer price

•   Determine fees

•   Budget for an earnest money deposit

•   Craft contingencies

With an offer drawn up, it’s time to submit it to the seller and wait for the next steps.

8. Review the Process and Get Ready to Move

Buying a single-family home isn’t a done deal once an offer is submitted. Typically there will be a back-and-forth, perhaps over offer price or contingencies.

Once everything is agreed on, and the inspection is resolved, it’s time to tally moving expenses and pack up.

9. Head to Closing and Move Into Your New Property

The final part of buying a single-family home is closing day. During closing, the buyer and seller meet with their agents to go over paperwork and settle any outstanding costs, and formally turn over property ownership.

Next, it’s just moving everything in and settling in. Even after closing, homeownership may feel overwhelming, but there are plenty of resources to make it easier.

Financing Options for a Single-Family Home

Most homebuyers will use financing to pay for their home, so it can be helpful to be aware of the options. Here are some of the most common mortgage types.

Conventional Loans

Conventional mortgages are issued by private lenders, like banks. The lenders typically want to see credentials like a credit score of at least 620 and a DTI ratio of 36% or less (though they may accept up to 43%). They may also require a down payment of up to 20%, though for first-time homebuyers, they may accept as little as 3%.

Bear in mind that borrowers with conventional loans who put down less than 20% will pay private mortgage insurance until their loan-to-value ratio drops to 80% and they request removal, or to 78%, when it falls off automatically.

FHA, VA, and USDA Loans

Government-backed mortgages are also popular among homebuyers who qualify for them. Because these loans are guaranteed by different government agencies (the Federal Housing Administration, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, respectively), there’s less risk for lenders, who can offer homebuyers easier terms. These may include lower interest rates, low or no down payments, and less stringent credit requirements.

An FHA loan may allow a down payment as low as 3.5%. A USDA loan has specific location and income requirements, but requires nothing down, and a VA loan also usually requires nothing down, though it’s only available to past or present service members and some military spouses.

It’s important to know, though, that all FHA loans require an upfront and annual mortgage insurance premium, regardless of the down payment size. VA loans require a one-time “funding fee,” and USDA loans come with fees as well.

Comparing Loan Terms and Rates

As you’re choosing how to finance your home, it’s important to compare different kinds of loans and options from different lenders to find the loan that will make the best financial sense for you. You may be living with your mortgage for the next 30 years, so it’s worth putting in the time now to make sure you get the best one possible.

Ready to Buy a Home Quiz

The Takeaway

Ready to buy a single-family home? The process before you may seem daunting, especially if it’s your first home purchase. But if you break it down into small steps and keep your budget and dream-house priorities top of mind, home sweet home may be closer than you think.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

How much does it cost to buy a single-family home?

Zillow put the typical value of a single-family home at $371,110 in May 2025. New construction costs more. The median sales price of new houses sold in May 2025 was $426,600, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Can you buy a single-family home with no money down?

If a buyer qualifies for a mortgage backed by the Department of Veterans Affairs or Department of Agriculture, or one issued directly by those agencies, they may be able to purchase a home with no down payment.

What are the most important things to consider when buying a house?

Location (including property tax rate, quality of schools, walkability, crime rate, access to green space, and the general vibe), your ability to cover all the costs, duration of your stay, and square footage may be important.

How much should you have in savings to buy a single-family house?

You’ll need to have enough to cover a down payment, closing costs, and moving fees while ideally preserving an emergency fund.

What is the difference between a single-family home and a condo?

What does single-family home mean vs. condo? A single-family home is a dwelling owned by the homeowner. In a condo, the homeowner owns the interior of their unit, but the structure is part of a larger group of homes, which typically share various amenities, for which they may pay regular fees, and adhere to defined rules.


Photo credit: iStock/jhorrocks


*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

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Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.


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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
Veterans, Service members, and members of the National Guard or Reserve may be eligible for a loan guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. VA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by VA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. VA loans typically require a one-time funding fee except as may be exempted by VA guidelines. The fee may be financed or paid at closing. The amount of the fee depends on the type of loan, the total amount of the loan, and, depending on loan type, prior use of VA eligibility and down payment amount. The VA funding fee is typically non-refundable. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

‡Up to $9,500 cash back: HomeStory Rewards is offered by HomeStory Real Estate Services, a licensed real estate broker. HomeStory Real Estate Services is not affiliated with SoFi Bank, N.A. (SoFi). SoFi is not responsible for the program provided by HomeStory Real Estate Services. Obtaining a mortgage from SoFi is optional and not required to participate in the program offered by HomeStory Real Estate Services. The borrower may arrange for financing with any lender. Rebate amount based on home sale price, see table for details.

Qualifying for the reward requires using a real estate agent that participates in HomeStory’s broker to broker agreement to complete the real estate buy and/or sell transaction. You retain the right to negotiate buyer and or seller representation agreements. Upon successful close of the transaction, the Real Estate Agent pays a fee to HomeStory Real Estate Services. All Agents have been independently vetted by HomeStory to meet performance expectations required to participate in the program. If you are currently working with a REALTOR®, please disregard this notice. It is not our intention to solicit the offerings of other REALTORS®. A reward is not available where prohibited by state law, including Alaska, Iowa, Louisiana and Missouri. A reduced agent commission may be available for sellers in lieu of the reward in Mississippi, New Jersey, Oklahoma, and Oregon and should be discussed with the agent upon enrollment. No reward will be available for buyers in Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Oregon. A commission credit may be available for buyers in lieu of the reward in New Jersey and must be discussed with the agent upon enrollment and included in a Buyer Agency Agreement with Rebate Provision. Rewards in Kansas and Tennessee are required to be delivered by gift card.

HomeStory will issue the reward using the payment option you select and will be sent to the client enrolled in the program within 45 days of HomeStory Real Estate Services receipt of settlement statements and any other documentation reasonably required to calculate the applicable reward amount. Real estate agent fees and commissions still apply. Short sale transactions do not qualify for the reward. Depending on state regulations highlighted above, reward amount is based on sale price of the home purchased and/or sold and cannot exceed $9,500 per buy or sell transaction. Employer-sponsored relocations may preclude participation in the reward program offering. SoFi is not responsible for the reward.

SoFi Bank, N.A. (NMLS #696891) does not perform any activity that is or could be construed as unlicensed real estate activity, and SoFi is not licensed as a real estate broker. Agents of SoFi are not authorized to perform real estate activity.

If your property is currently listed with a REALTOR®, please disregard this notice. It is not our intention to solicit the offerings of other REALTORS®.

Reward is valid for 18 months from date of enrollment. After 18 months, you must re-enroll to be eligible for a reward.

SoFi loans subject to credit approval. Offer subject to change or cancellation without notice.

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Understanding the different personal finance ratios

Guide to Understanding Different Personal Finance Ratios

Understanding your personal finances is the first step in taking control of your money and making it work harder for you. One valuable tool for determining your financial status involves using personal finance ratios, such as your debt-to-income figure or how your take-home pay gets divided up. These are akin to formulas that show the relationship between numbers and how your cash is tracking.

Calculating and considering these figures can help you manage your money better as well as achieve your short- and long-term goals. To help you put these important ratios to use, this guide shares eight formulas to help you optimize your money.

Key Points

•   Eight essential personal finance ratios can help manage and plan finances effectively.

•   The emergency fund ratio ensures financial stability by covering at least six months’ worth of essential expenses.

•   The liquid net worth ratio can assess immediate financial security through readily available assets.

•   The personal cash flow ratio highlights the monthly surplus available for savings and investments.

•   The housing-to-income ratio measures housing affordability, recommending a 30% or less threshold, though cost of living may impact this.

Emergency Fund Ratio

An emergency fund is the cash you keep on hand to pay for unexpected expenses, such as a job loss, a large medical bill, or a roof repair.

This fund acts as a safety net so you don’t have to go into debt or raid your long-term savings accounts to take care of the situation.

Formula: Monthly Expenses X 6 = Emergency Fund Ratio

To calculate your target emergency fund, you’ll want to add up your essential monthly expenses, or the minimum amount of money you need to live for one month. That includes your mortgage or rent, insurance, utilities, and groceries.

One common rule of thumb is to then multiply this by three months (as a bare minimum); while others may aim for six months or more (say, if you are part of a single-income family). This gives you a good number to shoot for keeping in your emergency fund. You can use an online emergency fund calculator to help you do the math.

Liquid Net Worth Ratio

This liquid net worth formula is essentially an extension of your emergency fund. If you were to need funds as a result of an unplanned event or emergency, this metric looks at how many months of expenses would be covered by your liquid assets — funds that can be easily and quickly converted into cash.

Formula: Liquid Assets/Monthly Expenses = Liquidity Ratio

Liquid assets include your checking and savings accounts, as well as cash-like equivalents. For this number, you do not want to include other assets that are not liquid, such as your home, car, or tax-advantaged retirement savings accounts.

Monthly expenses include essential expenses that you accounted for above to determine your emergency fund ratio.

A common goal: maintaining a liquidity ratio of between three and six months.

Personal Cash Flow Ratio

Cash flow is a term often associated with companies. But this can also be a simple yet powerful personal finance ratio because it tells you how much is flowing in vs. flowing out of your accounts each month.

Knowing how much cash flow you have is useful because it tells you exactly how much money you have available to pay down debt or save or invest for your future.

Formula: Monthly (After-Tax) Income – Monthly Expenses = Personal Cash Flow Ratio

To calculate this, you’ll want to add up all of your average monthly take-home income, including your paycheck, any side hustles, and income from any investments or savings accounts that are available to you for spending.

Next, you can look at credit card and bank statements, as well as receipts, for the past several months to come up with the average amount you are spending each month. This includes necessities like mortgage or rent and utilities, and also discretionary spending such as eating out and entertainment.

You can then subtract your spending number from your income number and you’ll have your net cash flow. If that number isn’t where you want it to be, you can use these calculations as a starting point to make adjustments.

Generally, the higher your cash flow, the better off you are.

Housing-to-Income Ratio

This ratio is vital to helping you understand how much you can afford to spend on your home, whether you buy or rent. It is also an important metric that mortgage lenders use when they decide whether or not to approve your loan.

Formula: Monthly Housing Costs/Gross Monthly Income = Housing Ratio

It’s important to use total housing costs when you calculate this ratio. This includes: your monthly mortgage payments (or rent payments), property taxes, insurance, and utilities.

You can then compare that total cost to your gross monthly income (income before taxes are deducted). Financial experts often recommend keeping this number to 30% or less. In some areas with high cost of living, closer to 40% can be common.

The lower this number, the more affordable your housing costs are and the more income you have for other financial goals.

Debt-to-Income Ratio

The debt-to-income ratio is often used to determine a company’s ability to pay its debts. It works for individuals as well. It tells you what percentage of your income is being used to repay debts.

Formula: Monthly Debt Payments/Monthly Gross Income = Debt-to-Income Ratio

To calculate your debt payments, you’ll want to include credit card, student loan, and other consumer debt, as well as your mortgage payments. Your gross income is how much you earn each month before any deductions or taxes are taken out.

The common wisdom is to keep your debt at or below 36% of your gross income, but the lower your debt-to-income ratio, the financially healthier you likely will be.

Many people are surprised when they calculate this number to find just how much of their income is being whisked out of their checking account to repay debt, often at high interest rates. This ratio can help you rethink that situation.

Net Worth Ratio

Personal net worth is a measurement of an individuals’ total wealth. Your net worth ratio gives a little bit broader perspective than your debt-to-income ratio because it takes your total assets into account.

It is calculated as the total value of all your assets minus the total value of all your liabilities.

Formula: Total assets – Total Liabilities = Net Worth Ratio

To find this ratio, you’ll want to add up the current market values of all of your assets including your home, stock and bond holdings, checking and savings accounts, and any other financial accounts.

Next you’ll want to calculate your total liabilities. This includes any debt such as mortgages, credit card balances, car loans, personal loans and 401(k) loans.

You can then subtract your liabilities from your assets. The resulting number is, hopefully, positive, and the higher that positive number, the better for your financial health.

This is a snapshot of your net worth at this moment. You may want to calculate this metric periodically, perhaps quarterly or annually, to track your wealth. Ideally, you should see increases over time.

Savings Ratio

Since saving for the future is such a key part of personal finances, it makes sense there would be a personal finance ratio to help you gauge how you’re doing.

Your savings rate is expressed as what percent of your gross income you are putting away for the future, including retirement and other shorter-term financial goals.

Formula: Savings/Gross Income = Savings Ratio

To calculate this, you’ll want to add up your annual savings in any retirement accounts, including employer-sponsored retirement plans such as 401(k)s, traditional and Roth IRAs, and taxable accounts earmarked for retirement. Do not include your emergency fund or college savings accounts.

Compare that savings to your annual gross income (your earnings before taxes and deductions are taken out).

Generally speaking, you want to aim for a saving rate of 10% to 20%. Younger people may want to aim for a 10% savings ratio, and then gradually increase their savings rate as their income increases.

50/30/20 Budget Ratio

The 50/30/20 formula can help you manage your budget no matter what your income. It proves a simple guideline as to how to apportion your income so you can afford to pay your bills, have some fun, and also put money into savings.

Formula: 50% Essential Spending + 30% Discretionary Spending + 20% Savings = Budget Ratio

Essential needs are the largest allocation at 50% of monthly take-home income. These are bills you must pay including mortgage or rent, utilities, health insurance, minimum debt payments, and groceries. Housing will likely take up a big chunk of this category.

With this formula, you’ll want to keep discretionary spending at no more than 30% of your monthly take-home income. These are most likely the things you do for fun, like dining out, travel, clothing beyond what you need for work, and entertainment.

Saving for future financial goals accounts for the remaining 20% of monthly take-home income. This includes retirement savings, saving for a house, tuition savings, saving to repay debt beyond minimum amounts, etc.

Recommended: 50/30/20 Budget Calculator

The Takeaway

Personal finance ratios can give you a clear snapshot of your financial health in a variety of areas and help you make better decisions about money management and future planning. Once you’ve done some of these calculations, you may discover that you want to make some changes, such as watching your spending more closely and/or putting more money into savings each month. Having the right banking partner can help you optimize your money.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

What is the 50/30/20 ratio in finance?

The 50/30/20 budget rule says to allocate your take-home pay as 50% to necessities, 30% to discretionary (or “fun”) spending, and 20% to savings and additional debt repayment.

What is the 70/20/10 ratio for money?

With the 70/20/10 budget guideline, you put 70% of your after-tax income to needs and wants, 20% to savings and investments, and 10% to debt repayment or charitable donations.

What are the 5 basics of personal finance?

To effectively manage your money and meet your financial goals, many experts advise that you focus on these five basics: budgeting, saving, understanding credit, managing debt, and investing.


SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

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Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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Tips for Becoming Financially Independent

It’s a common dream to become financially independent. While the phrase “financial independence” can mean different things depending on a person’s situation and outlook, it usually refers to living comfortably off one’s savings and investments. That often means you have no or low debt. In addition, it means that if you work, it’s probably because you want, not because you have to do so to pay bills.

If this sounds appealing, you’ll probably be happy to know that achieving financial freedom could be simpler than you think. The process often boils down to a relatively basic concept: Spending less and saving more.

Key Points

•   Financial independence means living off savings and investments vs. relying on a paycheck.

•   Budgeting is essential; track income and expenses, then save or invest the surplus.

•   An emergency fund of 3-6 months’ expenses helps to ensure financial security.

•   Prioritize paying off high-interest debt to improve financial health.

•   Smart investing, including tax-advantaged accounts, can accelerate financial independence.

What Does It Mean to Be Financially Independent?

While there is no set definition for financial independence, the term often means getting to a point where you don’t have to work to pay your living expenses. Usually, financial independence is achieved by relying on savings, investments, and other forms of passive income to pay the bills. People who are financially independent likely don’t have to look at their checking account balance to know whether or not they have enough to cover, say, their utility bills.

Though financial independence doesn’t have to mean leaving behind a job or career path, it can. In fact, for many people, knowing the answer to “When can I retire?” helps them judge whether they are on track to financial independence or not.

The term “financial independence” is often used as a synonym for early retirement. What’s more, the two phrases are commonly strung together in the popular acronym FIRE, which stands for “financially independent, retire early.”

Benefits of Financial Independence

There are myriad benefits to achieving financially independence.

•   One of the biggest perks is the ability to have choices. You can choose to keep working if you enjoy it, or you can kick back and relax. You can save money to pass on to future generations, or you can splurge on a trip around the world.

•   Achieving financial freedom can also enable you to enjoy work more. If you’re no longer doing it for the money, you can structure your job responsibilities so you’re only doing the things you want to do.

•   Financial independence can also benefit your physical health. Having the ability to work less allows you to exercise more and get more sleep. You may have more time and energy to eat better too.

•   Financial independence may also have emotional benefits. It can allow you to spend more time with a partner, kids, family, and friends. Having stronger relationships can lead to increased happiness in life.

How to Become Financially Independent in 6 Steps

Here are some key steps that can help you reach financial independence.

How to Become Financially Independent

1. Setting Realistic Goals

Being financially independent can look different for everyone, so a good place to start can be to define what being financially independent means to you. What do you visualize? Maybe you want to be debt-free by 40, or you’d like to retire at 50. Or perhaps you’d love to relocate to some place warm and sunny in 10 years.

As you develop your goals, you may want to give them a reality test by consulting with a financial advisor or chatting with a trusted financial mentor. You may find that you need to retool your vision based on your financial situation and how much time you have to achieve your dream.

Once you’ve honed in on some specific, achievable long-term goals, you can begin to figure out what you’ll need to do to make them a reality — whether that’s cutting your spending, boosting your income, and/or saving and investing more than you currently are each month. Even if you are just starting out or not earning that much, it can be wise to forge ahead. There are even ways to save on a low income.

2. Understanding That Income Isn’t Everything

Another step in how to be independent financially: Learning that your salary may not be the only thing that matters. Many people have a tendency to fixate on how much money they are making. And while income is an important part of your financial big picture, other factors also count. Yes, it’s easier to amass assets if you have more monthly income, but one key to increasing your net worth is to spend less than you make.

For example, if you are making a comfortable salary but haven’t gotten into the habit of saving and investing, then you may not be leveraging your income to its full potential. Becoming financially independent often requires an understanding that the amount of money you make is just one piece of the puzzle.

The path to financial independence may become a little less daunting once you realize that a high income alone is not necessarily going to lead to sustainable wealth. There are several other factors that play a role in how much you are able to grow your finances, such as how much interest your investments are making and the rate at which you are able to save.

More than a high salary, financial independence typically requires foresight, long-term thinking, and a holistic understanding of how your income overlaps with your expenses, lifestyle, and future goals.

3. Building a Budget

No matter what your income level, one of the keys to becoming financially free is to spend less — and potentially a lot less — than you are earning. Doing that typically involves finding a budget method that works for you.

Budgeting is the process of measuring income, subtracting expenses, and deciding how to divert the difference toward reaching your goals. It’s often considered the essential first task in achieving financial independence.

You can set up a monthly budget by first assessing what you are currently earning (after taxes) each month. Next, you can tally up your actual spending by looking at the last three to 12 months of bank and credit card statements and recording your expenses on a spreadsheet.

Seeing it all laid out in black and white can help you identify unnecessary expenses you might be able to cut out. You can then put the difference toward your long-term goals instead. One rule of thumb is to try to put 20 percent of your monthly take-home income into savings or investments. Working couples might try to bank a substantial part of one salary if possible.

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4. Establishing A Safety Net

Achieving financial independence also means thinking about financial security. Having a dedicated emergency fund that can help you weather a health emergency or another large, unforeseen expense means. Having money set aside can mean you may not have to run up credit card debt or dip into your investment or other savings account in order to cover these costs.

Experts often recommend having at least three to six months’ worth of living expenses set aside in an account. Ideally, that account earns interest but can be easily and quickly accessed when you need it. You can use an online emergency fund calculator to help you determine the right amount to save.

The more effective you are at dealing with financial emergencies, generally the faster your savings and investments can grow. In terms of growing your emergency fund as quickly as possible, consider adding any windfalls (like a bonus) to your fund, and keep your money in a high-yield savings account, typically offered by online banks.

5. Putting a Debt Pay-Off Plan Into Action

Taking care of your debt is another important step to achieving financial independence. Today, debt can take many forms — whether it’s student loan debt, a home mortgage, a car loan, or credit card debt.

If you currently have debt, consider incorporating a debt reduction plan into the budget you create and calculate how you would need to tweak your current spending habits in order to prioritize becoming debt-free.

It can be wise to start with the debt that has the highest interest first, since borrowing from those creditors is costing you the most money.

If you have multiple credit card balances, you may want to target them one at a time. You can do this by paying more than the minimum each month on one balance (paying just the minimum on the others) until that balance is wiped out, then move on to the next.

6. Being a Smart and Savvy Investor

Becoming a smart investor is another key step you can take on your journey to financial independence. The world of investment can be confusing and carries risk, but it also has the potential to be lucrative.

You may want to first focus on tax-advantaged accounts. If you have an employer-sponsored option, such as a 401(k) plan, it can be a good idea to contribute some of each paycheck, especially if your employer offers to match your contributions. Depending on your situation, you may be able to open a traditional IRA, Roth IRA, or SEP IRA as well. (There may be contribution limits to adhere to, however.)

If you have children, you may also want to consider the benefits of a 529 plan to help you invest for their college educations.

If you’re able to invest additional funds, you can choose a financial firm you want to work with and then open a standard brokerage account. From there, you can put your money in a mutual fund or an exchange-traded fund (ETF) (which bundle different types of investments together). Another option: If you’re prepared to do a fair amount of research, pick and choose your own stocks and bonds.

If you’re new to investing, you may want to consider opening an investment account through a robo-advisor, an investment management service that uses computer algorithms to build and look after your investment portfolio and typically charges relatively low fees.

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How Much Money Do You Need to Become Financially Independent?

How much you need to become financially independent will depend on a variety of variables, such as the cost of living you expect to have and the amount you plan to spend (will you be a no-car household? Two cars perhaps? How often would you like to travel?).

One way to look at this is to consider a formula used for retirement, which says you want to have 25 times the amount you plan to spend in a year, and that money needs to be invested in a 60/40 stocks and bonds portfolio to generate income.

Then, you would apply the 4% rule, which means that you would safely take 4% of your investments out each year (adjusting for inflation) in order to have those funds without outliving your money. Now, if you are a significantly younger person than the usual retirement age, you would have to adjust the numbers to cover more years.

Here, a couple of examples:

•   Say you plan to spend $50,000 a year on your living expenses. If you multiply that by 25, you get $1.25 million. That would need to be the amount of your available assets to be financially independent.

•   Now, say you plan to spend $125,000 a year on your living expenses. In this example, when you multiply $125K by 25, you would need $3,125,000 to be financially independent.

When looking at these numbers, don’t forget to consider other forms of income you might have coming in. Perhaps you earn passive income in some way or will eventually start to receive a pension. Maybe you will have money coming in from a side hustle you love or from Social Security. Consider all ways money could flow in your direction to understand your path to financial independence.

Habits That Can Get in the Way of Financial Freedom

As you pursue becoming financially independent, there can be habits than can hold you back. Here, a few to be aware of:

•   Lack of planning: If you don’t take the time to dig into your finances and find a budget that works, you aren’t in control of your money or your goals. Thinking you can wing it typically doesn’t help you hit your marks or become financial freedom. Living with high-interest debt rather than figuring out how to pay it off is another example of how lack of planning can hinder you.

•   Lack of financial literacy: This is another aspect of “winging it”: not educating yourself about how finances, net worth, and other facets of money management work can hinder you from reaching financial freedom. Seeing what resources your bank offers, listening to well-regarded podcasts, or reading well-researched books or websites can get you on the right track.

•   Procrastination: Not getting started can hold you back financially. The sooner you begin saving, the closer you get to financial independence.

•   Lifestyle creep and/or FOMO: If, as you earn more money, you spend more money, that’s lifestyle creep), and it can inhibit your ability to save. And if you shell out lavishly to keep up with friends, that’s FOMO spending, and it can prevent you from achieving financial independence.

If you avoid these habits and manage your money well and save steadily, you can be on the path to financial freedom.

The Takeaway

Becoming financially independent usually means that you don’t need to work for a living; you can rely on savings, investments, and passive income to pay your bills. Reaching this goal takes careful planning and management of your spending. One path to financial independence is to save regularly. Opening a savings account with a healthy return can be one step toward doing that.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

How do I start to become financially independent?

Becoming financially independent can involve budgeting well and avoiding overspending. It also typically involves managing your money to save steadily and invest your cash so it works for you.

How much money do you need to be financially independent?

One rule of thumb is to have 25 times the amount you plan to spend in a year in the bank in order to be financially independent. So if you plan on spending, say, $100K a year, you would need assets of $2.5 million.

How can I get financially free with no money?

With no money, it will be hard to be financially free unless you live off the grid. For most people, even those with low income, financial freedom is a matter of spending less than your make, paying off debt, saving aggressively, and investing.


About the author

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a freelance writer who specializes in financial topics. Her first job out of college was in the financial industry, and it was there she gained a passion for helping others understand tricky financial topics. Read full bio.



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