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Standardized testing has long been controversial, in part because it may shift favor toward affluent applicants who can afford test preparation courses, or who go to well-funded public or private schools that can teach test-taking skills. In this way, critics of standardized testing say that standardized testing doesn’t measure aptitude; it merely measures a student’s ability to take a test.

And while seeing that a school is test optional may make some students breathe a sigh of relief, it can lead to confusion for many applicants, especially those who are strong test-takers. Understanding how colleges may use these scores can help you make the decision as to whether to include them in your application package.

Test Optional Versus Test Blind

To assess how a university will potentially use test scores, it’s helpful to see whether the school is test optional or test blind.

Test Optional

The school doesn’t require standardized test scores, but if they’re submitted, they will be evaluated alongside the application package.

Test Blind

The school does not require standardized testing. If a student submits standardized test scores, they will not be looked at or evaluated by the institution.

The difference in these definitions can be helpful to determine whether or not to submit test scores. If the school you apply to is test blind, then sending your scores will not matter. But if the school is test optional, then some applicants may consider sending their test scores if they performed well.


💡 Quick Tip: Parents and sponsors with strong credit and income may find much lower rates on no-fee private parent student loans than Federal Parent PLUS Loans. Federal PLUS Loans also come with an origination fee.

Standardized Testing Can Give Students Options

Students who aren’t sure of where they want to apply, or who are interested in a wide range of potential options, may consider opting in to standardized testing. Also consider that some private scholarships may use standardized testing as one method of evaluation.

As you consider your high school and college career, it can be helpful to ask the following questions:

• What does my school counselor think about opting out of testing?

• How do I perform on testing? Does testing cause me significant anxiety, or is it something that I can excel in with relatively minimal stress?

• Do I plan to apply for college scholarships?

• Do I know which schools I want to apply to? You may not have the answer yet depending on which stage of the college search you’re in, but looking at a few dream or reach school admission requirements can be helpful to assess whether or not you’ll likely need standardized testing.

Recommended: The ACT and SAT: Which Test Is Right for You?

Know the Test Calendar

For some students, standardized testing for higher education begins with the PSAT/NMSQT. Also known as the PSAT 10. This test assesses “readiness for college” and may be used for scholarship eligibility. This test is also the qualifying test for the National Merit Scholarship. While it’s commonly taken in tenth or eleventh grade, some middle-schoolers may also take the PSAT 8/9 both for practice and for high school eligibility.

The PSAT does not count toward college admission and colleges will not see a student’s results. That’s why the PSAT can be a helpful first step in assessing how you perform on a standardized test, pinpoint any areas that may need work, and create a plan for the next steps.

Both the ACT and SAT are offered about seven times a year in the United States. Some students take these standardized tests in the spring of their junior year and then retake them in the fall of their senior year. But the right cadence is dependent on a student’s unique profile. For some students, taking the standardized tests just once is enough. Others like to use the first test as a benchmark, then spend the summer studying or taking a prep course before taking the test a second time.

Keep in mind, too, that some colleges that consider standardized test scores will allow students to submit only their highest scores. Other schools will look at all of a student’s scores. Knowing how your potential schools will consider standardized test scores can also help you assess how many times you want to take the test.

Recommended: How to Help Your Child with SAT Practice

What Are Alternatives to Standardized Testing?

Some students worry that their applications may be viewed less competitively if they opt out of standardized testing. But it’s important to remember that for many admissions offices, evaluating applications is an art — not a science.

Reading through admission requirements can give you a sense of what the university expects from applicants. Some public institutions may have specific numbers that students need to meet to be guaranteed admission. But for many schools, admission is dependent on multiple factors including:

• Essays

• Range and breadth of high school courses taken

• Teacher recommendations

• Extracurricular activities

• College interview

• Other factors, which may include state residency, alumni parents, or majors planned to pursue in college

• Standardized tests

In short, standardized tests are generally one small part of an admissions package. Talking with a college counselor can help students maximize all other parts of their application for competitive consideration.

Recommended: 5 Ways to Start Preparing for College

Don’t Overlook How You’ll Pay for College

In the leadup to developing a competitive application, it can be easy to overlook the question of how to pay for college. It’s never too early to begin researching methods of payment. This may include:

• Support from parents and family members

• A student’s own savings

• Private scholarships

• Federal financial aid including; work-study, scholarships, grants for college, and federal student loans

• Private student loans

While private student loans can help students fill the gap in how they plan to pay for college, they’re generally used as a last resort because they lack borrower protections offered by federal student loans. But, when students don’t receive enough federal aid to pay for college, private student loans can be one option worth considering.

Students may also look at the tuition cost as they are building the list of colleges they plan on applying to. In general, in-state public universities may be less expensive than private universities, but some private universities have generous financial aid for people who meet certain requirements. Having an understanding of the potential financial commitment alongside the application and admissions process can help students build a clear perspective on how much college will cost depending on where they get accepted.


💡 Quick Tip: Even if you don’t think you qualify for financial aid, you should fill out the FAFSA form. Many schools require it for merit-based scholarships, too. You can submit it as early as Oct. 1.

The Takeaway

The college admissions process can be intense, and standardized tests are only one part of the puzzle. Fortunately, you can minimize stress by taking your time, doing research, and asking questions early. Carefully considering where you want to go to school, how you’ll pay for it, and what will make the experience successful for you can help you choose the school that is the right fit for you.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

What are the main reasons students might consider opting out of standardized testing?

Students might opt out due to stress, lack of relevance to their academic goals, and concerns about the fairness and accuracy of the tests.

What are the potential drawbacks of opting out of standardized tests?

Opting out can limit opportunities for scholarships, certain college admissions, and may be seen as a lack of preparation or commitment by some institutions.

What are some alternatives to standardized testing for demonstrating academic ability?

Alternatives include strong grades, challenging coursework, teacher recommendations, personal essays, and extracurricular activities that showcase skills and achievements.

Photo credit: iStock/FreshSplash

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOISL-Q325-079

Private lenders that refinance student loans base rates they offer on the loan term, the borrower’s risk profile, and a rate index. Typically, the most financially stable applicants get the lowest rates.

When the goal is a lower rate, lower monthly payments, or both, the fixed or variable rate you qualify for makes all the difference. (You can also get a lower rate by refinancing with an extended term, but if you do so you may pay more interest over the life of the loan.)

Here’s a look at what you need to know about how interest rates for student loan refinances work.

Student Loan Refinancing, Explained

When you refinance, you take out a new private loan and use it to pay off your existing federal or private student loans. The new loan will have a new repayment term and interest rate, which hopefully will be better.

Most refinancing lenders offer fixed or variable interest rates and terms of five to 20 years. Shortening or lengthening your existing student loan term or terms can affect your monthly payment and the total cost of your new loan. The two key ways to save money by refinancing are:

•   A shorter repayment term

•   A lower rate

Then again, someone wanting lower monthly payments might choose a longer term, but that may result in more interest paid over the life of the loan.

There are no fees to refinance student loans. Nor is there any limit to the number of times you can refinance. Lenders will want to see a decent credit score, a stable income, and manageable debt. Adding a cosigner may strengthen your profile.

Refinancing federal student loans into a private student loan renders federal benefits moot.

Is Consolidation the Same as Refinancing?

Student loan consolidation and refinancing are terms that are often used interchangeably, but they are not technically the same thing. In general, consolidation means combining multiple loans to create one simplified payment. However, student loan consolidation most often refers to a federal program that allows you to combine multiple types of federal student loans into a single loan. The new loan will have a new term of up to 30 years, but the new rate will not be lower.

However, student loan consolidation most often refers to a federal program that allows you to combine multiple types of federal student loans into a single loan. The new loan, called a Direct Consolidation Loan, will have a new term of up to 30 years, but the new interest rate will not be lower.

Refinancing of student loans is offered by private lenders, such as banks and credit unions. Federal and/or private student loans are refinanced into a new loan that ideally has a better rate; you can refinance a single loan, or consolidate multiple loans into a single new loan through this refinancing process.

If you refinance federal student loans privately, you lose access to federal repayment plans, forgiveness programs, and other benefits.

What Are Interest Rates?

Interest rates are the amount lenders charge individuals to borrow money. When you take out a loan, you must pay back the amount you borrowed, plus interest, usually represented by a certain percentage of the loan principal (the amount you have remaining to pay off).

When interest rates are high, borrowing money is more expensive. And when interest rates are low, borrowing can be cheaper.

Interest rates can be fixed, variable, or a hybrid. For fixed interest rates, lenders set the rate at the beginning of the loan, and that rate will not change over the life of the loan.

A variable interest rate is indexed to a benchmark interest rate. As that benchmark rises or falls, so too will the variable rate on your loan. Variable-rate loans may be best for short-term loans that you can pay off before interest rates have a chance to rise.

Hybrid rates may start out with a fixed interest rate for a period of time, which then switches to a variable rate.

How Is Interest Rate Different From APR?

While interest rate refers to the monthly amount you’ll need to pay to borrow money, annual percentage rate (APR) represents your interest rate for an entire year and any other costs and fees associated with the loan.

As a result, APR gives you a better sense of exactly how expensive a loan might be and helps when comparing loan options.

What Factors Influence Student Loan Interest Rates?

Interest rates for federal student loans are set by Congress and change each year. Federal loans use the 10-year Treasury note as an index for interest rates. These rates apply to all borrowers.

Private lenders, on the other hand, will look at other factors when determining interest rates, such as credit score and credit history. Their interest rates are not governed by legislation so rates can be higher or lower than the federal one, depending on the type of loan and terms. Prevailing interest rates, however, still play a big factor since they change annually.

Typically, lenders see those with higher scores as more likely to pay off their loans on time, and may reward this with lower interest rates. Lenders see borrowers with lower scores as being at greater risk of defaulting on their loans. To offset the risk, they tend to offer higher interest rates.

Some lenders offer a rate discount if you sign up for their autopay program.

What Drives Student Loan Refinancing Rates?

Student loan refinancing rates are driven by many of the same factors that drive rates on your initial loan, such as credit score and credit history. You may want to consider refinancing during an era of low rates or if your financial situation has improved. For example, if you’ve increased your income or you’ve paid off other debts and your credit score received a boost, you may look into refinancing your loans at a lower interest rate.

Many graduates haven’t had much time to build a credit history. A cosigner with good credit may help an individual qualify for a refinance at a lower rate. Cosigners share responsibility for loan payments, of course. So if you miss a payment, they’ll be on the hook.

Refinance Student Loans With SoFi

You might choose to refinance student loans when interest rates are relatively low or your financial situation has improved, potentially providing access to a new private student loan at a lower rate.

Refinancing may be a good move for borrowers with higher-interest private student loans and those with federal student loans who don’t plan to use federal programs like income-driven repayment, Public Service Loan Forgiveness, or forbearance.

A student loan refinancing calculator can help you determine how much you might save by refinancing your student loans. You can compare your options on different loan terms while keeping in mind that a longer term could increase your total interest costs.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

FAQ

How are student loan refinancing rates calculated?

Lenders base interest rates largely on factors like an applicant’s credit history, income, debt, and prevailing interest rates which change annually.

Does refinancing save you money?

When you refinance your student loans with a new loan at a lower interest rate, you will pay less interest over the life of the loan, given the same or similar loan terms.

What is an average interest rate for student loans?

The average interest rate among all student loans, federal and private, is 5.80%, according to Education Data Initiative researchers. Private student loan rates have a wide range for fixed- and variable-rate loans and generally run from 3.19% to 17.95%.

For the 2025-2026 school year, the interest rate on Direct Subsidized or Unsubsidized loans for undergraduates is 6.39%, the rate on Direct Unsubsidized loans for graduate and professional students is 7.94%, and the rate on Direct PLUS loans for graduate students, professional students, and parents is 8.94%. The interest rates on federal student loans are fixed and are set annually by Congress.

Photo credit: iStock/Kateryna Onyshchuk
SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.