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Can you help your child study for the SAT? Yes!

When it comes to gearing up for college, parents can play a major role in supporting their child’s success. Of course, ultimately, it’s the student who’s applying for admission. So, most of the heavy lifting — like practicing for the SAT — will fall to the high schooler. But, as your child goes through the process, you can serve as a couch, cheerleader and time-manager — assisting with test prep, scheduling practice sessions, and maintaining motivation.

Read on for simple guidelines on how you can help your child with SAT practice and help ensure they put their best foot forward on testing day.

Wondering Where to Begin?

You may want to start by familiarizing yourself with the college testing options. The SAT and ACT are the two most widely accepted standardized tests used in U.S. college admissions. Is one a better fit for your child? While similar, there are differences in how each test is structured and scored. For parents and students who want a better feel for the two tests, you can find free online practice assessments for both the SAT and the ACT — including sample questions and scoring.

If you took the SAT back in high school, keep in mind that the test underwent major revisions in 2016. And, in 2021, the College Board (the nonprofit organization that administers the test) dropped the essay and subject tests.

Generally, the College Board advises first-timers to take the SAT in the spring of their high school junior year. This way, they can try again in the fall (if they want or need to improve their score) and still meet most colleges’ application deadlines. Parents can find information about SAT test dates and deadlines, test-center locations, and costs on the College Board site.


💡 Quick Tip: Parents and sponsors with strong credit and income may find much lower rates on no-fee private parent student loans than federal parent PLUS loans. Federal PLUS loans also come with an origination fee.

Creating a Plan for SAT Practice

With the exact test and date chosen, parents and students might next turn their focus to SAT practice. Practice can span activities like taking sample tests, understanding the sorts of questions that are commonly asked, and figuring out how the test is scored.

Setting Baseline and Goal Scores

When starting out, many students choose to take a free practice test. This gives them a baseline score and can help identify tough topics they need to brush up on. Practice tests can also help you and your teen pinpoint the specific types of questions that tend to trip them up over and over.

Knowing the practice-test score can help students set an ambitious-yet-realistic goal score for the official test. Other supportive figures on your child’s “SAT team” (relatives, teachers, guidance counselors, mentors, or tutors) can also help them identify an achievable and motivational target score to work towards.

Recommended: ACT vs. SAT: Which Do Colleges Prefer?

Creating an SAT Prep Schedule

Beginning SAT practice earlier can help alleviate your teen’s anxiety in the buildup to the scheduled test. The nonprofit Khan Academy, which partners with the College Board to help students prepare for the SAT, recommends starting test-prep about three months before taking the official test.

Months of SAT practice might seem a tad extreme, but it’s key to remember that some students need longer than others to get up to speed on the subjects covered in the SAT. Building in a cushion of prep time also gives teens ample time to adapt to the standardized test format — allowing them to sniff out the common types of questions asked and get used to the time constraints required by the SAT.

Some students can cram last-minute for the SAT and still earn a solid score. But many of the best test-taking and SAT study strategies call for repeated practice over multiple weeks. Given months instead of a few weeks to get ready, you can set up practice sessions that mimic test-like conditions, encouraging your child to further hone their time-management and concentration skills.

Leading up to the test date, families may also benefit from a shared calendar that includes important SAT deadlines as well as other school, work, and social events. A shared calendar can help students dedicate regular study windows — when they’ll work alone, with a parent, or with a tutor — that won’t clash with prior commitments.

To Push or Not to Push?

Some teens are disciplined studiers and may already have a test-prep routine that works for them. Others might need occasional encouragement (or more concrete guideposts) from a parent or educator to set aside adequate time for SAT practice.

Some students also respond well to personalized pointers provided by a test-prep service or tutor, whereas others value a more DIY or independent approach to SAT prep — perhaps working off a commercial study guide or online testing site. (Khan Academy, for instance, offers tailored practice plans, videos, test-taking tips, and other official content created in partnership with the College Board.) In either scenario, parents can help their child determine which method of test-prep works best with their study habits.

Recommended: College Planning Guide for Parents

What About Paid SAT Prep Services?

When deciding whether to pay for a test-prep service, families may want to ponder a few factors. You might begin by comparing a child’s baseline score (on a practice test) with the goal score they’re hoping for on the actual test day. This might help you decide if investing in a professional SAT prep course would be worth the cost (some services cost hundreds or even thousands of dollars). Another factor to consider is the average SAT scores of applicants at your child’s target schools (compared to their current scoring range).

You might also want to investigate whether any test-prep services are already offered at your child’s school or any local educational organizations, which may be free or low cost.

When looking at paid prep services, you may want to consider the best study conditions for your student’s personality and academic strengths — some approaches offer more guidance, while others stress independent practice.

Also consider: Would your child benefit from a structured schedule and in-person classes? Or, would they prefer a more independent study approach? You might want to consult with a guidance counselor or teacher for input before signing up and paying for a private SAT prep service. Family friends with children already in college might also offer an opinion based on their previous experience. (But, be sure to double-check this advice with any recent changes to the SAT.)

Recommended: Ultimate College Application Checklist

What Else Can Parents Do for SAT Practice?

Perhaps the most important role parents can have in helping their children prepare for the SAT is to do what they’ve always done — and that’s to support and encourage their child’s growth. Here are some ways parents might motivate students, helping them to stay on track toward that college-admission goal.

Avoid Adding to the Stress

Students can feel a great deal of pressure when preparing for the SAT. They may fret about disappointing their parents’ or teachers’ expectations. Some might dread feeling embarrassed if they score lower than a sibling or classmates. And, if a student has dreamed about attending a specific college or pursuing a precise career path, they may worry that the “wrong score” will sabotage their future plans.

Given the potential for SAT practice to turn into a psychological pressure-cooker, you may want to remind yourself that your words and deeds can lessen or intensify a child’s stress. Raising “concerns” about your teen’s current scores and/or pushing your child to excel or “do better” could increase your child’s test anxiety (and potentially make it harder for them to learn new material).

To minimize the at-home testing drama, you may want to avoid showing disappointment or frustration about practice test scores. It may be more helpful to celebrate incremental successes during weekly or daily practice sessions — honoring the progress being made towards the goal, not the distance still left to run. Gentle reminders that it’s possible to retake the SAT might also reduce a child’s overall testing anxiety.

Encouraging Healthy Habits

Studying late into the night or having a jam-packed schedule can leave high schoolers feeling burnt out. To avoid SAT practice burnout, consider instituting a regular “timeout” from test prep — whether it’s a quick snack break or carving out down time for a walk around the block. Parents can help kids stay healthy by providing nourishing meals, scheduling time for exercise and other social activities, providing plenty of water and nutritious snacks, and helping their teens get ample rest each day.

Recommended: 10 Ways to Prepare for College

Providing a Good Study Space

To help your child set up a focused study environment, you’ll want to first identify a quiet space for studying and practice sessions. Next, you can help your child gather all the study guides, calculators, pencils, paper or computers they’ll need to prep.

In addition, you may want to encourage your child to download an SAT prep app — this will allow them to practice during free time or when they’re riding the bus. Many apps offer practice problems or a “question of the day.” If time is tight, a student can still squeeze in some studying in down moments.

Recommended: How Much Does GPA Matter When Applying to College?

Keeping Things in Perspective

Parental pep talks can help test-engrossed students to keep things in perspective. Although an SAT score is a significant factor in many college admissions decisions, it’s not the only (or primary) factor universities take into consideration when evaluating applicants. Most admissions committees review a student’s academic record, school and community involvement, personal statement, and letters of support.

Some schools have even moved to a “test optional” admissions policy in recent years. This means students are not required to submit an SAT or ACT score with their application. Open communication about the college admissions process can help students to focus on the short-term tasks at hand.


💡 Quick Tip: Would-be borrowers will want to understand the different types of student loans that are available: private student loans, federal Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized loans, Direct PLUS loans, and more.

Getting Started

The SAT isn’t the only aspect of college planning students might want or need help with. You may be enlisted to lend a hand with researching schools to apply to, choosing a major, making college visits, and proof-reading essays and applications.
Your child will also likely need your financial help to cover the cost of attendance at their selected college. Fortunately, both students and parents have a number of resources that help make college more affordable, including financial aid.

To apply for financial aid, you’ll need to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). This will let you know if you are eligible for aid, which comes in the form of grants, scholarships, work-study, and federal student loans (which may be subsidized or unsubsidized). If those do not cover your costs, you may be able to fill in the gaps with a private student loan.

Private student loans are available through private lenders, including banks, credit unions, and online lenders. Rates and terms vary, depending on the lender. Generally, borrowers (or parent cosigners) who have strong credit qualify for the lowest rates.

Keep in mind, though, that private loans may not offer the borrower protections — like income-based repayment plans and deferment — that automatically come with federal student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

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Low-float stocks are companies with a relatively small number of shares available for public trading. It doesn’t mean the company has very few shares in total.

A company’s float, or floating shares, are those available after subtracting closely held and restricted shares from all outstanding shares. In some cases, a company has a lower float, meaning there are relatively few shares for the public to trade.

low-float stocks are considered more volatile and have higher spreads. But a company’s float can change owing to various conditions.

Stock Float: Quick Recap

The float of a stock measures the number of shares of a particular stock. It indicates the number of shares of stock available for trading. The measure doesn’t include closely held shares, those owned by controlling investors, employees, or company owners.

Calculating floating stock requires looking at a company’s balance sheet and taking the total number of shares of a company and subtracting any restricted and closely held shares.

Stock indexes, such as the S&P 500, often use floating stock as the basis for figuring out the market cap (the total value of outstanding shares in dollars) of a company.

Recommended: Investing 101 Guide

What Are Low-Float Stocks?

A company’s float is the total number of shares outstanding, minus closely held and restricted shares.

Some larger corporations have very high floats in the billions, and investors typically consider a float of 10 to 20 million shares as a low-float. But there are companies with floats of less than one million, and you can find even lower-float stock trading on over-the-counter exchanges (OTC).

Companies with a low-float frequently have a large portion of their equity held by controlling investors such as directors and employees, which leaves only a small percentage of the stock available for public trading. That limited supply can cause dramatic price swings if demand changes quickly.

Because low-float stocks have fewer shares available, investors may have difficulty finding a buyer or seller for them. This may make the stocks more volatile, which appeals to day traders. The bid/ask spread of low-float stocks tends to be high as well.

💡 Quick Tip: When you’re actively investing in stocks, it’s important to ask what types of fees you might have to pay. For example, brokers may charge a flat fee for trading stocks, or require some commission for every trade. Taking the time to manage investment costs can be beneficial over the long term.

Floating Stock Example Calculation

If a trader looks at a company’s balance sheet, they can see how many outstanding shares the company has under the heading “Capital Stock.”

Looking at fictional Company A, the company’s balance sheet shows outstanding shares and floating stock shares:

•   50 million shares outstanding

•   45 million float shares

This is a high-float stock, with 90% of the stock available for trade. By contrast, Company B has:

•   2 million shares outstanding

•   475,000 float shares

This is a 23.75% float, and could serve as a signal for day traders to look at other factors to determine whether they want to invest in the stock.

Understanding Shares Outstanding

Another stock market term that helps explain low-float stocks is shares outstanding. Shares outstanding refers to the total number of shares issued by a company, including those that can’t be traded.

The float is the number of shares that’s the percentage of the shares outstanding available for public trade. This is known as the float percentage. Companies might have numerous shares outstanding, but only a small percentage of floating stock.

The amount of floating stock a company has typically changes over time, as companies might sell more stock to raise money, or company stakeholders might sell their holdings. If a stock goes through a stock split or reverse split, this will also increase or decrease floating shares.

Benefits of Trading Low-Float Stocks

Essentially, low-float stocks primarily benefit day traders who are interested in earning large profits in a short time.

By their nature, low-float stocks are volatile. There are relatively few low-float stocks in the marketplace, and their prices tend to go up and down easily and quickly. Moreover, every trade of a low-float stock issue can have a larger impact on the value of the stock than it would on a security with a higher float.

For example, when good news hits a security with a limited supply, it doesn’t take much for it to have a huge impact on the share price. A low-float stock can see big gains when demand skyrockets. Conversely, if bad news comes to the same security, its price can nosedive rapidly.

The dramatic volatility in investing in low-float companies, can lead to a greater level of risk. But an experienced and highly skilled day trader might be delighted to take on this volatility challenge in exchange for potential continuous gains in a short trading session.

Importance of Low-Float Stocks

If you’re interested in investing in a particular company, it’s important to understand its stock float. You don’t want to overlook this detail while performing your due diligence on an issuing company.

The size of a stock float can change over time, which would affect the stock’s liquidity and volatility. Stock buybacks, secondary share offerings, insider buying or selling shares, and stock splits (or reverse splits) can cause the number of shares outstanding to change, and thus the float.

6 Reasons for Low-Floating Shares

Low-float stocks tend to have higher spreads and higher volatility than a comparable higher-float stock. You may find it hard to enter or exit positions in stocks that have a low float. What are some specific instances that could account for low-floating shares?

1. Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (SPACs)

Certain shares may be trading at a low float because the company that’s issuing the stock is part of a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC). A SPAC is a corporation formed for the sole purpose of raising investment capital through an initial public offering (IPO).

Typically, experienced business executives in the same industry as the SPAC’s target acquisition become the founders of a SPAC. A SPAC could take as long as a number of years to complete. And, even when the new company does go public, there may be fewer shares available for public purchase because they’re held by founders of the SPAC or other officers and insiders close to the deal.

2. The Company Is Family Operated

Another reason for low-float shares could be that the company is family owned. In these cases, a family likely would own a significant share of the company’s shares and would influence important decisions, like electing a chairman and CEO. In particular, if a family-operated company is small to midsize, there may be few shares left for the public to buy.

In fact, family-owned or operated businesses are all around us — including well-known names like BMW, Samsung, and Wal-Mart Stores. About 35% of all companies in the S&P 500 index are family controlled, and 118 of the top family-owned companies in the world are based in the U.S., according to the 2023 Global Family Business Index.

3. Stock Buybacks

If a company buys back some of its shares, that may affect its float by reducing the number of shares available for trading; there’s even a name for it: float shrink.

Regular share buybacks, along with dividend payments, are two ways that a company may reward shareholders. Another reason for a share buyback could be for a company to gain better control of its strategic initiatives without needing to consult its shareholders.

4. Company Has Donated Shares to Its Charitable Foundation

If a company founder has donated a large percentage of its shares to an associated charitable foundation, this could result in a lower float, if the foundation has held onto the shares which are then excluded from the overall float count.

5. Initial Public Offerings (IPOs)

In another scenario, a company might be involved in an initial public offering (IPO), in which its shares are considered privately held until the IPO is complete. Once the new shares are made publicly available for trade, a stock could be considered low float because a high percentage of shares are still restricted for a period of time.

6. Stock-Based Compensation

Some companies have initiatives that reward their employees with company stock; either as part of an incentive program or combined with their regular pay. A company also could have an equity compensation program in place as a way of rewarding employees, executives, and directors of a company with equity in the business.

💡 Quick Tip: The best stock trading app? That’s a personal preference, of course. Generally speaking, though, a great app is one with an intuitive interface and powerful features to help make trades quickly and easily.

Evaluating Low-Float Stocks

Not every low-float stock represents a good buy, but it is a popular strategy for day traders. To evaluate a low-float stock, day traders often look at several other factors.

High Relative Volume

The relative volume shows a stock’s current volume in comparison to earlier periods in a company’s history. This is important to investors because it can affect a stock’s liquidity. If a stock has low liquidity, traders can potentially get stuck with shares they can’t sell.

They may also find themselves unable to take advantage of news catalysts with a significant buy or sell the move. If a stock’s price changes, but there isn’t a lot of trading volume, it may not be a good pick.

News Catalysts

Positive or negative news about a company frequently makes a low-float stock increase or decrease in a short amount of time.

Day traders keep a close eye on the stock market and corporate news to see which stocks likely would make moves. A news event can cause a low-float stock to move anywhere from 50% to 200% in a single day, as they are in low supply.

Float Percentage

This is the percentage of the total shares of stock available for trading. Each trader has their preferences, but most look for a percentage between 10% and 25%.

How to Trade Low-Float Stocks

When trading a low-float stock, a trader might buy and sell the same stock multiple times in a single day. Then, move on to a different low-float stock the next day in an extreme form of market timing.

Many traders will plan out their profit targets and support and resistance ahead of time and stop losses to reduce risk. As with any trade, traders can look at technical indicators like candlestick charts and moving averages to see whether a stock looks bullish or bearish.

A good strategy pays attention to technical analysis and rather than simply buying or selling based on rumors or news.

Finding low-float Stocks

Finding and evaluating stocks to trade requires some knowledge and experience. Several platforms offer the ability to trade low-float stocks. Some of these platforms allow traders to filter by criteria such as volume and float to find the best opportunities. Traders can look for stocks with a float of less than 50 million and a relatively high volume.

Penny stocks less than $5 are very popular with day traders. Traders can also look to watchlists for ideas about which low-float stocks to trade.

•   Reuters’ Free Scanner: Free to register. Users can find low-float stocks by scanning with the filter “float.”

•   Trade Ideas: This site has multiple low-float stocks lists for the U.S. market. It highlights stocks that are moving so that traders can capitalize on opportunities.

•   Stock Screeners: There are many other stock-screening tools you can use to find low-float stocks — such as Benzinga Pro, which lets you “search and filter stocks by any attribute.”

Some Risks to Know

Every investment comes with risks, but low-float stocks present some particular challenges. Day trading is inherently very risky and can result in significant losses (as well as gains). So, other types of investments are often a better fit for those with a low appetite for risk.

Low-float stocks can have high volatility; their price can change within seconds or minutes. If an investor isn’t careful, knowledgeable, or always on top of it, this volatility could wipe out a large portion of their portfolio. Low-float stocks could also present substantial profit opportunities; traders might see gains of 50% to 200% in a single day.

Looking at both the news and technical indicators is crucial for trading success. Trading low-float stocks requires a daily look at market news, as the stocks that look like a promising trade one day may not be ideal the next.

The Takeaway

The term “low-float,” as it pertains to stocks, refers to the amount of shares available to trade in the public market after the appropriate number of shares are allocated to founders, officers of the company, and other inside investors.

It’s important for investors to be aware of the amount of a company’s low-floating stock, as it can reflect the stock’s liquidity. If a stock has relatively few available issues, it might be harder for traders to sell it.

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FAQ

Is a low-float stock good?

When a company’s stock is considered low float, there are fewer shares available for public trading. That can increase volatility for some investors, while others (like day traders) may be able to leverage changes in the share price.

How important is a stock’s float?

Understanding why a company may have a higher or lower float is an important factor for investors to take into consideration, because it can reveal (or be tied to) other aspects of the company’s management or status.

Are low-float stocks good for day trading?

Low-float stocks can garner huge profits for day traders when a particular industry, sector, or company is in high demand. But when demand shifts, low-float stocks can be risky.

What’s the difference between high- and low-float stocks?

You can find a company’s float by taking the total number of shares outstanding and subtracting the number of shares that are closely held or restricted. If the remainder is a high percentage of the outstanding shares, that’s considered a high-float stock — which can indicate the stock has a certain amount of liquidity.

If the remainder is a small percentage of the outstanding shares, that indicates a low-float stock, which generally has a higher spread, lower liquidity, and may be more volatile.

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