A Look into the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program_780x440

A Look Into the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program

If you are employed by a government or a nonprofit, you might be able to get forgiveness for the remaining balance on your federal student loan through the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program (PSLF).

Created by the Department of Education (DOE) in 2007, PSLF is intended to help public-service professionals who may not earn large salaries and must struggle to repay their federal student loans. In this context, many teachers, firefighters, and social workers qualify.

The program has drawn frequent criticism for being hard to navigate and difficult to qualify for, charges that the DOE says it is addressing to make sure as many people as possible can access PSLF. To that end, the DOE conducted a payment count adjustment that updated borrowers’ progress toward PSLF. To become eligible for the adjustment, borrowers with privately held Perkins or FFEL Program loans had to submit a Direct Consolidation Loan application. The deadline for submission was June 30, 2024.

Below is the latest information on PSLF eligibility and student debt forgiveness.

What Is Public Service Loan Forgiveness?

The PSLF program provides professionals a way out of their federal student loan debt by working full-time in public service. The remaining balance on your Direct Loans will be forgiven—meaning you will not have to pay it back–after you’ve made the equivalent of 120 qualifying monthly payments under an accepted repayment plan and while working full-time for an eligible employer.

What Are Public Service Loan Forgiveness Jobs?

The question for many people is who qualifies for PSLF? The jobs include teachers, firefighters, first-responders, nurses, military members, and doctors. But with this program, it is not only the type of job you have that determines if you can get forgiveness but also the type of employer. That is crucial. Qualifying employers include federal, state, local, tribal government and non-profit organizations.

To find out if your employer qualifies for PSLF, you can search through the Federal Student Aid search tool.


💡 Quick Tip: Enjoy no hidden fees and special member benefits when you refinance student loans with SoFi.

Who Is Eligible for the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program?

How does PSLF work? To qualify, borrowers must meet certain eligibility criteria. They include:

Work for a Qualified Employer

Part of PSLF eligibility requires working for a qualified government organization (municipal, state, federal, military, or tribal) or a qualified 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Full-time AmeriCorps or Peace Corps volunteers are also eligible for PSLF. (Learn more about military student loan forgiveness.)

Some other types of non-profits also qualify, but not labor unions, political organizations, and most other non-profits that don’t qualify for 501(c)(3) status. Working for a government contractor doesn’t count; you have to work directly for the qualifying organization.

Only full-time workers are eligible — that is, workers who meet their employer’s definition of full-time or work a minimum of 30 hours per week. People employed at multiple qualifying organizations in a part-time capacity can be considered full-time as long as they’re working a combined 30 hours per week.

Note that time spent working in religious instruction or worship does not count toward meeting the full-time requirement.

Recommended: How to Get Out of Student Loan Debt

Having Eligible Loans

Eligible loans include Direct loans such as Stafford loans, PLUS loans (but not Parent PLUS loans), and Federal Direct Consolidation loans.

If you held Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) or Perkins loans forgiven, you had to consolidate them into a Direct Consolidation Loan first. Any payments you made on the FFEL Program loans or Perkins Loans before you consolidated didn’t count toward the necessary payments.

Private student loans are not eligible for Federal forgiveness programs.

Recommended: Student Loan Forgiveness Guide

Applying for Public Service Loan Forgiveness

There are a few hoops to jump through in order to pursue PSLF. To apply for the program, you’ll need to take the following steps:

1. Consolidate FFEL Program and Perkins Loans

Borrowers with FFEL Program and Perkins Loans had to consolidate them with a Direct Consolidation Loan. Consolidation applications should have been submitted no later than June 30, 2024. This was necessary because if you consolidate your loans afterward, you won’t get credit for any qualifying payments you made on those loans.

2. Sign Up for an Income-Driven Repayment Plan

There are now two income-driven repayment plans to choose from. They are designed to make your student loan debt more manageable by giving you a monthly payment based on your income and family size.

The latest IDR program is called the Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) Plan. It lowers payments for almost all people compared to other IDR plans because your payments are based on a smaller portion of your adjusted gross income (AGI). Also, if you make your full monthly payment, but it is not enough to cover the accrued monthly interest, the government covers the rest of the interest that accrued that month.

Note: As a result of the CARES Act, months that you were in repayment while the requirement to make a payment was paused still count as qualifying payments if you also certify your employment for the same period of time.

3. Certify Your Employment

To do this, print out an Employment Certification form and get your employer to fill it out and send it in for approval. The Federal Student Aid website suggests filling this form out annually or at least every time you switch jobs.

You can also use the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Help Tool at StudentAid.gov/pslf/ to find qualifying employers and get the forms that you need.

4. Make 120 Qualifying Monthly Payments

You must make these payments while you’re employed by a qualified public service employer. Switching employers isn’t a problem, so long as you are still working for a qualifying organization.

5. Apply for Forgiveness

After you make the final payment, submit your application for forgiveness.

Current State of the Program

Because the program was created in 2007, the first borrowers to qualify for loan forgiveness applied in 2017. However, early estimates by the Government Accountability Office (GAO) reported the denial rate as more than 99%. At the same time, many borrowers weren’t even aware that the forgiveness program exists.

In 2022, the Biden Administration addressed these issues by introducing a “limited PSLF waiver,” which allowed student loan holders to receive credit for payments that previously didn’t qualify for PSLF. The waiver deadline expired on Oct. 31, 2022. The DOE extended elements of the waiver through the IDR account adjustment program. To be eligible for the adjustment, Perkins and FFEL Program loan holders had to submit a Direct Consolidation Loan application no later than June 30, 2024.

President Biden announced in October 2023 that during his administration the DOE had secured relief for “almost $51 billion for 715,000 public servants through Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) programs, including the limited PSLF waiver and Temporary Expanded PSLF (TEPSLF).”

Beware of false communications from scammers posing as the DOE or your loan servicer. Read up on the latest student loan forgiveness scams.

Pros and Cons of the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program

The advantages of the program are pretty straightforward. The disadvantages have more to do with how the program is executed in the real world.

Pros of PSLF

1.    The balance of your student loans is forgiven after a set time. This works as a kind of bonus to make up for the low pay earned by people working in the public sector.

2.    The amount forgiven usually isn’t considered income, so you aren’t taxed on it (and you don’t have to save additional money to account for the IRS bill). With other loan forgiveness programs, you might see a big tax bill.

3.    Professionals in qualifying jobs are making a difference, and your government appreciates it enough to give you a break on your federal student loans.

4.    You may pay less monthly because you’re on an income-driven plan. This means paying out less of your hard-earned cash every month.

Cons of PSLF

1.    The program is only open to those with certain types of employers. And it’s contingent on staying with a qualifying public service employer for 10 years. With the SAVE program, qualifying loan holders may be able to pay off their federal student loans no matter who their employer is.

2.    Some borrowers aren’t aware of the program, partly due to a lack of education by employers, loan servicers, and schools.

3.    There are a lot of hoops to jump through to get your loans forgiven. Plus, if you don’t jump through a hoop properly, you can jeopardize your forgiveness.

4.    The extra money that can potentially be earned from working for a corporate employer may help you pay off your loans sooner than through PSLF.

5.    You might end up paying more in interest by making 120 payments than if you budgeted to aggressively repay your loans in less than 10 years.

Alternatives to the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program

Another program available to some individuals is the Teacher Loan Forgiveness program. This program is available to full-time teachers who have completed five consecutive years of teaching in a low-income school. This program has strict eligibility requirements that must be met in order to receive forgiveness.

If you receive Teacher Loan Forgiveness, the five-year period of service that supported your eligibility will NOT count toward PSLF. However, the limited PSLF waiver discussed above temporarily waived this restriction for individuals who previously received Teacher Loan Forgiveness.

These federal forgiveness programs do not apply to private student loans. If you are looking for ways to reduce your interest rate or monthly payments on private student loans, refinancing with a private lender can be an option. (Note: You may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term.)

It is important to mention that refinancing your federal student loans with a private lender may make you ineligible for the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program, should you choose that route.

The Takeaway

The Public Service Loan Forgiveness program is one way for eligible borrowers to have their federal student loans forgiven. Recent changes to the program by the Biden Administration promises to make qualifying for PSLF easier. However, if you have student loans that aren’t eligible for PSLF, consider taking advantage of either refinancing or income-driven repayment.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.


With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.


SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Can You Pay Off Student Loans with Your 401(k)?

If you’re one of the 44 million Americans who currently hold a portion of the country’s more than $1.7 trillion student debt—and are perhaps now back to making payments after a three-year pause—chances are you’re looking for solutions to get rid of that debt ASAP. After all, the average student who borrowed money to pay for school graduates with just over $37,000 in federal student loan debt alone.

Paying off that much debt is an impressive feat which takes discipline and commitment. If you’re currently living under the heavy weight of your student loans, you may have considered using your 401(k) for student loans. But should you really cash out your 401(k) for student loans?

It probably goes without saying that figuring out how you’re going to pay off your student loans is overwhelming—and there isn’t one definitive solution. And while it’s certainly tempting to just take the cash from your 401(k) and pay off a high-interest loan, there are some serious drawbacks to consider before running with that plan.

Key Points

•   Using a 401(k) to pay off student loans can eliminate debt quickly but has significant drawbacks, including penalties and lost investment growth.

•   Early withdrawal from a 401(k) before age 59½ incurs a 10% penalty and is subject to income tax.

•   Alternatives like income-driven repayment plans or loan forgiveness programs offer safer ways to manage student loan debt without risking retirement savings.

•   Refinancing student loans might lower interest rates and monthly payments, providing a financial breather without tapping into retirement funds.

•   Borrowing from a 401(k) or taking a hardship withdrawal are options, but they compromise future financial stability and retirement planning.

The Downsides of Using Your 401(k) to Pay Off Your Student Loans

A potential benefit of using your 401(k) to pay off student loans is that you can eliminate your debt in one fell swoop. However, withdrawing money from your 401(k) should be considered a last resort option—or maybe not an option at all. That’s because there are several major downsides to doing so:

•   Early withdrawal penalty: If you’re under the age of 59½, you’ll generally have to pay a 10% early withdrawal penalty on the amount you take out. The amount you withdraw will also be considered taxable income, which means you could owe a hefty tax bill for that year.

•   Opportunity cost: By using your 401(k) money to pay off student loans, you are potentially losing out on an overall higher return from your investments. For example, if your loan has an interest rate of 6% and your 401(k) returns an average of 8% per year, you essentially lose 2% a year by liquidating those funds to pay off your loans.

•   Difficulty catching up: With your stunted 401(k) balance, you’ll need to make much larger contributions going forward to make up for it, which could strain your budget. Plus, there is a cap on the total amount you can contribute to a 401(k) each year. You may never be able to fully make up for the growth you would have experienced if that money stayed invested.

When deciding whether or not to withdraw money from your retirement savings, it’s important to note that while you borrow loans for other expenses in life, there’s no such thing as a “retirement loan.” You’re responsible for ensuring you have enough money to live on in retirement.

While it can feel like student loans are preventing you from living your life or meeting your financial goals today, saving for retirement can be a valuable investment in your future.


💡 Quick Tip: Get flexible terms and competitive rates when you refinance your student loan with SoFi.

Alternatives to Help Control Your Student Loan Debt

If you’re struggling with student loan payments, there are alternatives to taking money out of your 401(k) that can help you get your student loan debt under control while keeping your retirement savings intact. Here are a few examples:

Applying for Income-Driven Repayment

One option is applying for an income-driven repayment (IDR) plan. These plans reduce your payments to a small percentage of your discretionary income. The term length also gets extended out to 20 or 25 years, depending on the specific program. At the end of the repayment term, any remaining debt is forgiven. The exception is the newest plan, Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE), which awards forgiveness for some borrowers with smaller balances within as few as 10 years.

Keep in mind that extending your repayment term usually means paying more in interest over the life of the loan. Any canceled IDR debt may also be taxed as income. Still, if your payments are far too high to afford on the Standard Repayment Plan, income-driven repayment could provide much-needed relief. In fact, if your income is below a certain threshold, you could qualify for $0 payments.

Pursuing Loan Forgiveness

There are also many programs that forgive student loans after you’ve worked in a qualifying profession and made a certain number of payments. On the national level, Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) is one example. If you work for a qualifying employer in the public service sector, such as the government or a non-profit, you can have your loans forgiven after 120 payments. Other similar programs include Teacher Loan Forgiveness and National Defense Student Loan Discharge.

In addition to federal forgiveness programs, there are also hundreds of programs offered through states, schools, and other organizations.

Refinancing Your Student Loans

When you refinance your student loans, you take out a brand new loan from a private lender, who will review your credit history and other financial factors to determine how much they will lend to you and at what rate. You then use those funds to pay off your existing loan(s).

With a solid financial picture and credit history, you could qualify for a lower interest rate. This could result in lower monthly payments, as well as reducing the amount of money you spend in interest over the life of the loan (depending on the loan term, of course).

You could also lower your monthly payments by extending the length of the loan term. This results in paying more money in interest over the life of the loan, but could help free up some cash flow more immediately.

It’s important to note that refinancing federal student loans with a private lender means you’ll permanently lose access to federal loan benefits including income-driven repayment plans, forbearance, and deferment.

To help you decide if refinancing is a good idea, take a look at SoFi’s student loan payoff calculator to see when you might pay off your current loans. Then compare that with a potential new loan—you may be surprised at how much of a difference refinancing can make. And with more wiggle room in your budget, you could make headway toward student loan repayment and save for a retirement you’ll be able to enjoy.

Take control of your student loans.
Ditch student loan debt for good.




💡 Quick Tip: When refinancing a student loan, you may shorten or extend the loan term. Shortening your loan term may result in higher monthly payments but significantly less total interest paid. A longer loan term typically results in lower monthly payments but more total interest paid.

Options for Using Your 401(k) to Pay Off Debt

If you decide to pursue using 401(k) funds to pay off student loans despite the many risks and drawbacks, there are a few ways to go about it. First, you’ll need to determine how much you are eligible to withdraw from your 401(k), and what penalties and taxes you would encounter. In most cases, you would be responsible for a 10% penalty and regular income taxes on a withdrawal from your 401(k) prior to age 59 ½.

There are a few exceptions to this rule. For instance, if you were laid off, you may be able to withdraw money penalty-free as long as certain requirements are met.

And depending on the exact terms of your 401(k) plan, you may be able to withdraw the money from your plan without penalty in certain hardship situations—like to cover tuition or medical expenses.

If you already attended college and are trying to use your 401(k) to pay back student loans, that doesn’t qualify for a hardship withdrawal. If you’re not sure what the exact rules of your plan entail, it’s worth contacting your HR representative or the financial firm that handles your company’s 401(k) program.

Again, using money from your 401(k) to pay off debt can be a risky proposition. While on the bright side it would potentially allow you to eliminate your student debt, it also puts your retirement savings at risk. You’ll not only potentially have to pay a penalty and taxes on the withdrawn amount, but you’ll also lose out on years of compounding returns on money you take out.

Still, depending on your circumstances, you might be considering cashing out your entire 401(k). Alternatively, however, you could borrow against your 401(k) by taking out a 401(k) loan. Here’s a bit more info about those two options.

Cashing Out Your 401(k)

Withdrawing money from your 401(k) can seem like a tempting idea when your student loan payments are causing you to stress at the moment and retirement feels like it’s ages away.

But making an early withdrawal comes with penalties. If you withdraw your money prior to the age of 59 ½ you’ll pay a 10% penalty on the amount you withdraw, in addition to regular income tax on the distribution itself. In addition to the taxes and the early withdrawal penalty, money that you withdraw loses valuable time to grow between now and retirement. That is why, as mentioned, simply withdrawing money from a 401(k) very rarely makes sense, when you consider the taxes, penalties, and lost growth.

To reinforce this point, let’s consider a (completely hypothetical) person who earns $68,000 per year and is a single filer, putting them in the 22% income tax bracket. (And remember, this is just an example – there are many other factors that can come into play, but this should give you a high-level glimpse into why withdrawing cash from your 401(k) might not be the best call.)

If this person cashed out $20,000 from their 401(k), they would have to pay a 10% penalty of $2,000 right off the top. Then they’d need to pay federal income taxes at the highest end of their bracket, totaling $4,400. So even though this person took out $20,000 from their account, they actually receive just $13,600. Depending on their state, they might also pay state income taxes, let’s not get bogged down on that right now.

Now let’s assume they used that money to pay off $13,600 in student loans, which have a 5% interest rate and five years left on the loan. In this scenario, they would save roughly $1,798.93 in interest.

So essentially, this person would have incurred $6,400 in penalties and taxes in order to save $1,798.93 in interest. Plus, had they let that money stay invested in their 401(k) over the next five years, that $20,000 could have grown to more than $28,000, assuming a 7% average return. That’s why cashing out a 401(k) to pay off student loan debt might not be a great idea.

Borrowing from Your 401(k)

When you borrow money from your own 401(k), you are really borrowing from yourself. You are accessing your retirement funds and then paying them back, with interest, in an attempt to replenish your savings. So these loans don’t require a formal application or credit check.

Not all companies offer 401(k) loans, so it’s important to check with your employer to confirm if the option is available to you. (And for the record, you can’t take out a loan from an employer-sponsored 401(k) if you’re no longer with that employer.)

In addition to the rules determined by your employer, the IRS sets limits on 401(k) loans as well. The current maximum loan amount as determined by the IRS is 50% of your vested balance
or $50,000, whichever is less. If you have a balance of less than $10,000, you may be able to borrow up to $10,000.

The IRS also requires that the money borrowed from your 401(k) be paid back within five years based on a payment plan that is established when you borrow the money. There is an exception; if you buy a house with the money you withdraw, you may be able to extend the repayment plan.

If you don’t pay the loan back according to the terms, it’s considered defaulted and the balance may be treated as a distribution instead. That means you’d owe penalties and taxes on that amount for that year.

Note that if you change jobs, your 401(k) plan will roll over, but not your loan. If you leave your employer with an unpaid 401(k) balance, you’ll face an accelerated payment plan.

Interest rates are usually set by your plan administrator, and are relatively low compared to other financing options. It could be a viable option for those interested in securing a lower interest rate for their debt, but don’t qualify for student loan refinancing due to their credit history or other factors.

A 401(k) loan typically offers a relatively low interest rate and doesn’t require a credit check.

You may want to crunch some numbers and compare the interest rates on your student loans with the interest rate on a 401(k) loan before you commit to this course of action.

If your student loan interest rate is lower than the potential interest rate on your 401(k) loan, it could make sense to keep your retirement savings intact.

The other factor to consider is the missed growth on the money you borrow from your 401(k), which is why 401(k) loans could make more sense for high-interest debt such as personal loans or credit cards, but are typically less ideal for low-interest debt such as student loans or mortgages.

Hardship Withdrawals

While a hardship withdrawal won’t be an option if you are looking to pay off your student loans, it could be worth considering if you are planning on attending graduate school or are assisting a family member with their college education.

To qualify for a hardship withdrawal, you must meet certain criteria. You must prove your need is immediate and heavy. Tuition for the school year usually qualifies as immediate.

Student loan repayment wouldn’t qualify because they provide a repayment plan over a set period of time. You must also prove the expense is heavy. Usually, that means things like college tuition, a down payment on a primary residence, or a qualifying medical expense that is 10% or more of your adjusted gross income.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.


With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.


SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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How to Get Out of Student Loan Debt: 6 Options

Dealing with substantial student loan debt can be overwhelming, especially if you find yourself struggling to make your payments.

Fortunately, there are some options that may help minimize the amount of money you pay back on your federal student loans, such as the Income-Driven Repayment (IDR) and Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) programs.

When trying to figure out how to get rid of student loans, it’s important to understand that you might be able to reduce your monthly payment with a student loan refinance. Or you may be able to temporarily postpone your federal loan payments through deferment or forbearance.

Key Points

•   Federal programs like Income-Driven Repayment (IDR) and Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) can reduce or eliminate federal student loan debt.

•   Refinancing student loans may lower monthly payments and total interest paid.

•   Deferment or forbearance options allow temporary suspension of federal loan payments.

•   Disability discharge is available for federal student loans if the borrower has a permanent disability.

•   Bankruptcy is a last resort for discharging student loans, requiring proof of undue hardship.

Options to Get Out of Repaying Student Loans Legally

1. Loan Forgiveness Programs

Depending on your eligibility, there are a few different federal loan forgiveness programs available to borrowers with federal student loans. These programs could help you get out of paying a portion of student loan debt as they forgive your loan balance after a certain number of years.

President Joe Biden proposed a federal student loan debt cancellation of up to $20,000 for those who met household income eligibility. However, the Supreme Court ruled against Biden’s plan, saying the president did not have the necessary authority to take such action. Since then, President Biden has announced various programs to provide relief for those carrying federal loans, along with calling attention to existing plans.

Each forgiveness program has different eligibility criteria.

Teacher Loan Forgiveness

This federal student loan forgiveness program forgives the loans of highly qualified teachers. Depending on the subject area they teach, teachers who meet the eligibility requirements may have up to $17,500 or up to $5,000. Teachers are eligible to apply for this loan forgiveness program after they have completed five years of service.

Recommended: Explaining Student Loan Forgiveness for Teachers

Public Service Loan Forgiveness

This program is designed for those working in public service. In order to qualify, applicants must meet the programs eligibility requirements, including:

•   Work for a qualified employer

•   Work full-time

•   Hold Direct Loans or have a Direct Consolidation Loan

•   Make 120 qualifying payments on an income-driven repayment plan

Borrowers who are interested in pursuing PSLF will have to follow strict requirements in order to qualify and have their loan balances forgiven.

🛈 While SoFi does not offer loan forgiveness solutions, we do offer student loan refinancing, which could help you save money on your student loan debt.

2. Income-Driven Repayment Plans

Income-driven repayment plans for federal student loans tie a borrower’s monthly loan payments to their income and family size.

The repayment period for income-driven repayment plans varies from 20 to 25 years. While these plans help make loan payments more affordable for borrowers, extending the loan terms may result in accruing more interest over the life of the loan.

President Biden has announced the creation of the Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) Plan , which replaces the existing Revised Pay As You Earn (REPAYE) Plan. Borrowers on the REPAYE Plan will automatically get the benefits of the new SAVE Plan.

The SAVE Plan, like other income-driven repayment (IDR) plans, calculates your monthly payment amount based on your income and family size. According to the White House, the SAVE Plan provides the lowest monthly payments of any IDR plan available to nearly all student borrowers.

Starting next summer, borrowers on the SAVE Plan will have their payments on federal undergraduate loans cut in half (reduced from 10% to 5% of income above 225% of the poverty line).

A beta version of the updated IDR application was made available in early August 2023 and includes the option to enroll in the new SAVE Plan. The DOE says that if you apply for an IDR plan (such as the SAVE Plan) in the summer of 2023, your application will be processed in time for your first federal student loan payment due date.

Recommended: The SAVE Plan: What Student Loan Borrowers Need to Know About the New Repayment Plan

3. Disability Discharge

When working out how to get rid of student loans, take into account that It may be possible to have federal student loans discharged if you have a permanent disability. To be eligible for the disability discharge, you need to show the Department of Education that you are not able to earn an income now or in the future because of your disability.

To do so, you need to get an evaluation from a doctor, submit evidence from Veterans Affairs, or show that you are receiving Social Security Disability Insurance. You cannot apply for disability discharge until you have been disabled for 60 months unless a doctor writes a letter saying that your disability and inability to work will last at least 60 months.

4. Temporary Relief: Deferment or Forbearance

Federal student loan repayment was put on pause over three years ago due to the Covid-19 shutdown. As part of the agreement reached in the Debt Ceiling bill, the Department of Education’s student loan forbearance program ends in 2023, with interest resuming on September 1, 2023 and payments due beginning in October 2023.

However, in late June, President Biden announced the creation of the On-Ramp Program . The Department of Education is instituting a 12-month “on-ramp” to repayment of federal student loans, running from October 1, 2023 to September 30, 2024, so that “financially vulnerable borrowers” who miss monthly payments during this period are not considered delinquent, reported to credit bureaus, placed in default, or referred to debt collection agencies.

Apart from the On-Ramp Program, forbearance and deferment both offer borrowers the ability to pause their federal student loan payments if they qualify.

Depending on the type of loan you have, interest may continue to accrue even while the loan is in deferment or forbearance. However, applying for one of these options can help borrowers avoid missed payments and potentially defaulting on their student loans.

Note that private student loans don’t offer the same benefits as federal student loans, but some may offer their own benefits.

5. Student Loan Refinancing

This option won’t get rid of your student loans, but it could help make student loans more manageable. By refinancing your student loans, you can potentially qualify for a lower interest rate, which can possibly lower your monthly payments or save you money on interest over the life of your loan.

If you refinance with a private lender, you can also change the length of your student loan. While private lenders can refinance both your federal and private student loans, you do lose access to the protections that federal student loans provide, such as income-based repayment programs, on the amount that is refinanced.

6. Filing for Bankruptcy: A Last Resort

Bankruptcy is a legal option for the problems caused by people struggling with how to take out student loans. However, it is rare that student loans are eligible for discharge in bankruptcy. In some instances, if a borrower can prove “undue hardship,” they may be able to have their student loans discharged in bankruptcy.

Filing for bankruptcy can have long-term impact on an individual’s credit score and is generally a last resort. Before considering bankruptcy, review other options, such as speaking with a credit counselor or consulting with a qualified attorney who can provide advice specific to the individual’s personal situation.

Recommended: Bankruptcy and Student Loans: What You Should Know

The Takeaway

When you are learning how to take out student loans, the future debt may not be obvious. It can be challenging to pay student loan debt, but there are options that can temporarily reduce or eliminate your payment. It is only in extremely rare circumstances that student loans can be discharged in bankruptcy.

For federal student loans, some options that can help alleviate the burden of student loan debt include deferment or forbearance, which may be helpful to those who are facing short-term issues repaying student loans. Another avenue to consider may be income-driven repayment plans, which tie a borrower’s monthly loan payments to their income, helping make monthly payments more manageable.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.


With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.



SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Top 10 Fun Things to Do When Visiting Memphis

Known as the Home of the Blues, Memphis is a music lover’s paradise, but there are plenty of other reasons to visit this incredible city. You’ll be able to explore its deep history, both in terms of music and the heart of the Civil Rights Movement of the mid-20th century. Plus, there are museums, parks, and more waiting.

Here, you’ll learn more about the best things to do in Memphis, Tennessee, as well as discover ideal times of year to visit. In addition, you’ll get a good idea of the average trip costs so you can budget accordingly.

Best Times to Go to Memphis

Memphis is at its most comfortable during the spring and fall months, typically from late April through the beginning of June and again from late August to the middle of October. For instance, in April, you’ll find temperatures in the 70s during the day, and in October, you’ll experience similarly warm temperatures.

For music lovers, also consider visiting for the annual Beale Street Music Festival, which takes place each May. Some of music’s biggest names perform at this three-day event. 2022’s headliners included Megan Thee Stallion and Van Morrisson, so you know there’s something for everyone.

Recommended: Where to Find Book Now, Pay Later Travel

Bad Times to Go to Memphis

Summer and winter will be less crowded in Memphis, but the weather is less than ideal for many. Summer travel in Memphis can be hot and humid. The average high temperature in July is in the 80s to low 90s Fahrenheit, making that one of the worst times to visit Memphis. Late fall and early winter tend to be cloudy in Memphis, but there’s not a high chance of snow. Rainfall tends to peak in early December and mid-April.

Average Cost of a Memphis Vacation

Before you start making a list of the top things to do in Memphis, get an idea of how much a trip there will cost you once you arrive. According to Budget Your Trip, an individual spends an average of $34 on dining every day. Local transportation is actually more expensive at $47 per day, so you might want to look into renting a car to get around.

Hotels, however, can be reasonably priced at around $134 per night in Memphis, and perhaps even less if you try some hacks to save money on hotels.

Here’s how the costs break down if you plan to spend a week in the city; there will be some incidentals as well:

•   One Person Total: $1,172

•   Two Person Total: $2,343

One note: You may want to also budget for travel insurance in case the unexpected were to happen, or look into what kind of credit card travel insurance your issuer provides.

Recommended: Credit Card Miles vs. Cash Back

10 Fun Must-Dos in Memphis

As you plan a trip to this Tennessee city, you’ll likely want to map out an itinerary, even if just loosely, to make sure you hit the highlights. Here, culled from top online reviews and seasoned travelers, is advice on the 10 best things to do in Memphis.

1. Pay Homage to the King

We would be remiss to start off a list of best things to do in Memphis without mentioning Graceland, the home of iconic singer Elvis Presley. Open for tours on a daily basis, your ticket gives you access to 120 acres. Explore Elvis’s mansion (including the Jungle Room), his most iconic outfits, and the exterior grounds.

There are also on-site museums dedicated to the King of Rock ‘n Roll’s career and cars. If you really want to make the most out of your time at Graceland, you can also stay at a hotel on the grounds. If staying in the city, consider a rental car or shuttle for the 20-minute drive. Ticket prices range from $28 to $215 for the Ultimate VIP Tour. (If you’re buying the top of the line tickets, you may want to swipe with plastic when paying to earn credit card rewards.) graceland.com/

2. Visit the National Civil Rights Museum

Memphis is also known for another King — civil rights legend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated at the city’s Lorraine Motel in 1968. Now the location has been transformed into the National Civil Rights Museum with interactive exhibits, films, and oral histories cataloging centuries of the quest for freedom and equality in America.

Exhibit material starts with the struggle against slavery in the early 1600s and moves forward through today’s continuing Civil Rights Movement. Walk through a recreation of the Montgomery Bus Boycotts of the 1950s, the Memphis Sanitation Strikes, and more. The museum is closed on Tuesdays so plan your visit in advance. civilrightsmuseum.org/

3. Stroll Down Beale Street

This nearly two-mile stretch of road in downtown Memphis is a celebration of all things music. Considered the official Home of the Blues, you’ll find clubs and restaurants to satisfy any music lover’s thirst for live entertainment.

There’s always something going on at Beale Street. Just show up to explore on your own, or download the official app to create a plan. Note that a security checkpoint goes up on Friday and Saturday nights. Those under 21 must be accompanied by an adult after 9 p.m., and the street is strictly 21+ after 11 p.m. In other words, weekend nights on Beale Street are on the list for fun things to do in Memphis for adults but not kids. bealestreet.com/

4. March with the Peabody Ducks

One of the best things to do in Memphis with kids is to head to the downtown Peabody Hotel for the daily Duck March. Occurring at 11 a.m. and 5 p.m. each day, this decades-long tradition involves five North American mallards who live at the hotel. Each group of ducks lives at the hotel for three months before returning to farm life outside the city.

They’re brought down from their Royal Duck Palace on the rooftop to swim in the lobby fountain. Participants must be at least five years old, and the hotel recommends arriving 30 minutes early to get a seat. Seeing the Peabody Ducks is definitely an affordable family travel option. peabodymemphis.com/peabody-ducks

5. Tour the Belz Museum

What started out as a private art collection has turned into five permanent exhibits displaying Asian and Judaic art, as well as the Holocaust Memorial Gallery. The Belz Museum also brings in special exhibits twice a year.

One of the most comprehensive collections at the museum is the Chinese art exhibit, which is known as the largest such collection in the southeast United States. You’ll see many pieces from the Qing dynasty, which lasted from the mid-1600s through the early 1900s. The Belz Museum is closed Monday and Tuesday.

6. Take in Some Thrilling Basketball

Love basketball? Check out an NBA game at FedExForum, which is home to the Memphis Grizzlies (nba.com/grizzlies/tickets). The season runs from October to April. The stadium also hosts University of Memphis men’s basketball, which is a NCAA Division I. You can also check out the Division I women’s team on campus at the Elma Roane Fieldhouse.

7. Marvel at the Mighty Lights

Put this on your list of free things to do in Memphis: the nightly Mighty Lights on the downtown waterfront. Every evening, the city’s two iconic bridges (the Hernando de Soto and Harahan) are lit up in a huge display of LED lights. You’ll see the show at the hourly and 30-minute marks starting at sundown, followed by a grand final at 10:30 p.m.

Scout out a spot to watch along the Mississippi riverfront parks, or scope out an aerial view in the city. The Fourth Bluff and Mud Island are both good options to check out. mightylights.com/

8. Snap Selfies at Mud Island River Park

Tap into your inner river rat at Mud Island River Park. It takes just a few minutes to walk to it from downtown Memphis, and you’ll enjoy lounging on this Mississippi River island. It’s also a perfect spot for some social media selfies thanks to the huge Memphis sign, which spans 50 feet.

This 52-acre park also features a scale model of the Mississippi River to give you a sense of the true breadth of the world’s third largest river basin. Traveling with pets? Mud Island is also a great location for a long walk with your dog. memphisparks.com/park/mud-island-park/

9. Drop into the Stax Museum of American Soul Music

Not only is Memphis home to the blues and rock ‘n roll, it has also played a pivotal role in America’s soul music scene. The Stax Museum is the original home of the legendary Stax recording studio, which was the recording label of iconic artists like Otis Redding, Isaac Hayes, Shirley Brown, and many others.

Explore the rich history of the studio through exhibits and artifacts. You’ll even get the chance to see Isaac Hayes’ custom Cadillac Eldorado, decked out in 24-karat gold trim with a mini-fridge and television on the inside. The Stax Museum is closed on Mondays; tickets are $13 for adults and $10 for kids 9-12; children 8 and under are free. staxmuseum.com/

10. Wander Through Meeman-Shelby Forest

Needa dose of nature? Memphis has that, too! Head 20 minutes outside of downtown Memphis for the enchanting Meeman-Shelby Forest. You can explore 13,000 acres of wilderness that is home to a diverse range of ecosystems. Discover sandy beaches and swamplands (home to the Bald Cypress tree).

There are plenty of recreational activities to enjoy, including trails, a nature center, and a disc golf course. tnstateparks.com/parks/meeman-shelby

The Takeaway

From a huge music scene to pivotal moments in history, from parks to nightly light shows, Memphis has attractions worth exploring for all ages. It doesn’t matter if you have a few days or a full week — it’s easy to fill your schedule with tons of fun things to do in Memphis on any budget.

FAQ

Is Beale Street worth a visit?

Beale Street is considered a must-visit if you’re visiting Memphis, whether it’s your first time or you’ve vacationed there before. Home of blues music, you’ll get a truly unique flavor of entertainment any time of day or night.

What is the best month to visit Memphis?

If you have a completely open calendar and are ready to head to Memphis at the perfect time of year, consider going either in mid-spring or mid-fall. You’ll miss the heat of summer and clouds of winter, so you can explore the top things to do in Memphis, Tennessee, in the best possible weather.

What is Memphis most popular for?

Memphis is best known for its music scene, both historically and today. It’s considered the home of the blues as well as the hometown of rock ‘n roll (Elvis Presley’s Graceland is there), so you’re sure to find something to enjoy.


Photo credit: iStock/benedek
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1See Rewards Details at SoFi.com/card/rewards.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Guide to Student Loan Interest Rates for the 2022 School Year

Once a year, usually in June, the government announces interest rates for federal student loans that will be first disbursed after July 1. Whether you’re a freshman or, say, a junior, these rates apply to the loans you get for the academic year that starts in the fall.

Federal student loan interest rates are determined differently than private student loan interest rates. Here’s what you should know about federal and private student loan interest rates in 2022 and 2023.

Federal Student Loan Interest Rates for 2022

As just noted, interest rates on federal student loans for the upcoming academic year are set by the government. By federal law, they’re based on the 10-year Treasury note auction in May. The rates set for the 2022 to 2023 school year are for loans first disbursed from July 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023.

For the 2025-2026 school year, the federal student loan interest rate is 6.39% for Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized Loans for undergraduates, 7.94% for Direct Unsubsidized Loans for graduate and professional students, and 8.94% for Direct PLUS loans for parents and graduate or professional students.

How Federal Student Loan Interest Rates Work

Interest rates on federal student loans are fixed for the life of the loan. That means that if you borrowed a Direct Subsidized Loan for the 2020 – 2021 school year, and your interest rate was 2.75%, that interest rate is locked in at 2.75% for the life of that loan.

But, if you borrowed another Direct Subsidized Loan to pay for the 2021 – 2022 school year, your new loan will be disbursed with the 3.73% interest rate offered during that school year.

Since 2006, interest rates on federal student loans have fluctuated from anywhere between 2.75 to 8.50%, depending on the type of loan.

Difference Between Federal and Private Student Loan Interest Rates

Unlike federal student loans, interest rates for private student loans are set based on economic factors and underwriting unique to each lender that issues them. Lenders typically take into account a borrower’s credit history, earning potential, and other personal financial factors.

If you borrowed a private student loan, you may have applied with a cosigner to secure a more competitive interest rate. That’s likely because most college students don’t have much credit history or employment history, so interest rates on private student loans can be higher than those on federal student loans without a well-qualified cosigner.

While federal student loans have a fixed-interest rate, private student loans can have either a fixed or variable interest rate. Borrowing a variable rate loan means that the interest rate can change periodically.

How Private Student Loan Interest Rates Work

The frequency of changes in the interest rate will depend on the terms of the loan and on market factors; typically, private lenders adjust the interest on variable-rate loans monthly, quarterly, or annually. Interest rates on private student loans are typically tied to the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or the 10-year Treasury yield.

So as the LIBOR changes, for example, interest rates on variable-rate student loans can change as well. Typically, lenders will add a margin to the LIBOR, which is determined based on credit score (and, the credit score of your co-signer if applicable).

Generally, the LIBOR tracks the federal funds rate closely. In June 2020, the Federal Reserve announced that it plans to keep the federal funds rate close to zero, likely through 2022.

This means that, so long as the federal funds rate remains low, the interest rates on private student loans are not likely to increase during that time period. However, it’s important to pay attention to interest rates, especially for borrowers with private student loans with a variable-interest rate, since these changes could cause fluctuations to the interest rate of the loan.

And given that LIBOR is scheduled to be discontinued around the end of 2021 , rates could change in other ways as new indices are chosen by lenders.

Lowering the Interest Rate on a Private Variable-Rate Loan

If you have a private variable-rate loan and are worried about interest-rate volatility, there are options available to protect against an interest-rate hike. One option is switching to a fixed-rate loan via student loan refinancing.

When you refinance your student loans, you take out a new loan (typically with a new lender).

The new loan effectively pays off your existing loans, and gives you a new loan with new terms, including a new interest rate. Private lenders, like SoFi, review personal financial factors like your credit and employment history, among other factors, to determine a new interest rate.

If you qualify to refinance, you’re then able to choose between a fixed or variable rate loan, so if you’re worried about rising interest rates in the future, you may have a chance to qualify to lock in a new (hopefully lower) fixed interest rate.

Monthly Payments and Private Loans

You should also have the opportunity to set a new repayment plan, either extending or shortening the term of the loan. If you extend your student loan repayment term, you’ll likely have lower monthly payments, but will pay more in interest over the life of the loan.

Shortening your repayment plan typically has the opposite effect. You may owe more each month, but will most likely spend less on interest over the life of the loan.

To get a general idea of how much refinancing your student loans could impact your repayment, take a look at SoFi’s student loan refinance calculator, where you can compare your current loan to current SoFi refinance student loan rates.

Refinancing Federal Student Loans

Federal student loans can be refinanced, too. Typically, a student wouldn’t do this while still in school, since the government is paying the interest on certain federal loans during this time. Also, federal student loan interest rates are generally lower than rates for private loans disbursed in the same time period.

It should be noted, however, that refinancing a federal student loan with a private lender means you’ll no longer be eligible for federal programs and protections like income-driven repayment, forbearance, or Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF).

The Takeaway

Interest rates for federal student loans reset every year in June for the upcoming school year. For the 2022 school year, rates are up roughly 1% compared to the previous year, which saw the lowest rates in years.

If you refinance your student loans with SoFi, there are no origination fees or prepayment penalties. The application process can be completed online, and you can find out if you prequalify for a loan, and at what interest rate, in just a few minutes.

Ready to take control of your student loans in 2022 and beyond? See how refinancing with SoFi can help.




SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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