You have probably heard about the importance of having an emergency fund, typically one that holds at least three to six months’ worth of living expenses in a secure but easily accessible way. However, that figure may vary depending on such factors as your age, your cost of living, how many dependents you have, and your health status. And the best place to keep your fund may differ, too, depending on your personal preferences and financial style.
While the amount of money you keep in an emergency fund may not match what, say, a sibling or best friend socks away, there is no denying the value and importance of having this kind of account. An emergency fund can be one of the best ways to ensure that you don’t rely on high-interest credit cards if you’re low on cash and the unexpected happens.
To help you figure out how much you should keep in an emergency fund, read on.
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How Much Emergency Fund Should I Have?
Most experts recommend that you have at least three to six months’ worth of basic living expenses in the bank.
This amount can seem daunting, but remember, you aren’t expected to have it set aside in one lump sum. You will save up to reach this goal. And if you can’t accumulate that amount, know that something (anything) is better than nothing. Don’t feel defeated and not save at all. If you can put away $1,000 over the course of a year, do it.
One clarification: You may hear the terms emergency fund vs. a cash cushion used interchangeably, but they are actually not identical. The words “cash cushion” are often used to describe a smaller sum kept in your checking account as a hedge against overdrafting.
Recommended: Check out SoFi’s emergency fund calculator to help you determine how much you should save.
How to Calculate Your Emergency Fund Amount
If you’re convinced of the value of an emergency fund, it’s time to drill down on just how much to save.
• Conventional wisdom says you should have between three and six months’ worth of living expenses set aside for an emergency. To calculate your expenses, you might create a line-item budget to see how much money you have coming in and going out. Once you’ve determined your take-home pay, calculate all your necessary monthly expenses including rent or a mortgage, insurance, healthcare, utilities, phone, car, etc. And of course, factor in student loan or credit card debt.
After you track your expenses, deduct that amount from your take-home pay and then see what is left. This is where you’ll need to figure out how much you can realistically set aside each week or pay period for your emergency fund. Aim to accrue your goal amount in a year, if possible.
• Another method for saving is to look at your insurance deductibles for your medical, dental, household, and car policies. Although it’s no fun, imagine having some kind of accident and needing to pay a couple or even all of those deductibles at once. Make sure you have enough in the bank to cover that amount.
• You might also see what unemployment would pay you per month if you were to lose your job. See how that compares to your living expenses, calculate the shortfall monthly, and work toward saving, say, six times that amount.
Example of Calculating an Emergency Fund Amount
So what does that look like in dollars and cents?
If you typically spend $4,000 a month on housing, food, utilities, and debt payments, between $12,000 and $24,000 would be enough for an emergency fund.
However, if your monthly living expenses are $10,000, then $30,000 to $60,000 would be enough for an emergency fund in your situation. Some experts would say even more could be ideal.
Factors That Determine How Much to Save for Your Emergency Fund
When considering, “How much emergency funds do I need?” you have already learned that three to six months’ worth of living expenses is a good baseline. That said, there are certain situations that may require a bit more saving, perhaps six months’ or a year’s worth. Some factors to consider:
• Health: If you or a member of your immediate family has a medical condition, you probably will want to stash a bit more in your emergency fund. You might have additional doctors’ or lab expenses or prescription costs. Or you could be in a situation where your insurance company isn’t paying quickly or at all. Your emergency fund could help you pay the bills.
• Amount of Debt: If you have a fair amount of debt, it can be a good thing to have extra cash in your emergency fund. Let’s say you have student loan debt, car payments, a mortgage, and credit card debt, as many Americans do. An unexpected expense or loss of work could mean you can’t make all those payments, triggering late and overdraft fees. An emergency fund is protection against that scenario.
• Cost of Living: It’s no secret that inflation has been extremely high lately. An emergency fund can help make ends meet if a big bill hits when your budget is stretched thin.
Also, if you live in an area with a high cost of living, you may be more vulnerable and need extra emergency funds. For instance, a huge rent increase could make it hard to afford your monthly bills until you recalibrate. An emergency fund could help if a major rent hike comes your way.
• Job Security: There are no guarantees in life or work, and downsizing is a frequent occurrence these days. An emergency fund can provide backup in a worst-case scenario. Also, if you are a freelance or seasonal worker, your income could be unpredictable vs. those with full-time jobs, so you might want to stow more money in your emergency fund.
• Children or Dependents: Do you have children or dependents? Then you are probably more vulnerable to having emergency expenses. A kid might have, say, more dental bills than expected. An older relative who relies on you might need you to take time off work unpaid to care for them, or they might have significant healthcare expenses.
• Having Financial Support: If you don’t have close friends or relatives who might lend you money in an emergency, then it’s even more important to plump up your emergency fund.
• Your Age: Usually, saving goals vary by age, and so should the amount of cash in your emergency fund. If you’re retired or reaching retirement age, you may want to keep more in your emergency fund, since your medical expenses will likely rise over time and your income might well decrease.
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The Takeaway
Having an emergency fund is an important element of your financial fitness. It’s a cushion of money socked away, to use if you have unexpected, urgent bills or face a loss of income. The amount you should save will vary depending on a variety of personal factors, but typically three to six months’ worth of living expenses is a good figure to aim for. Whatever the amount you want to have in your emergency fund, it’s important to start saving, little by little, so you can enjoy the peace of mind that this account can bring.
Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.
FAQ
How often should I review and update my emergency fund?
It’s wise to review your plan at least once a year. Also take a look when you have a significant change in status, such as getting married, having a child, changing jobs or getting a raise, buying a home, and so forth. You want to be sure the amount in the fund is keeping up with your potential needs.
How do I balance saving for an emergency fund with other financial goals?
It can be wise to put 20% of your take-home pay toward savings, according to the popular 50/30/20 budget rule. Of that 20%, you should definitely put some cash into your emergency fund, since that is a short-term, high-priority goal. Even if you only save $20 or $25 a month toward your emergency fund, saving consistently is a solid financial move.
Can you have too much in an emergency fund?
It’s wise to have at least three to six months’ worth of basic living expenses in an emergency fund. Depending on your specific situation, you might even want twice that. However, since emergency funds are usually held in savings accounts, which don’t earn all that much interest, you might look elsewhere if you have more than that sum to invest and grow.
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