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When considering colleges, admissions rates can seem like the biggest hurdle. But as acceptances roll in and you begin to look at tuition rates, you may see a huge difference between in-state and out-of-state options.
If you’re considering out-of-state schools, tuition can be much more expensive than it is for in-state students. In some cases, it may seem more on par with what you might have expected to pay for private schools.
Does that mean you should exclusively look within your state? That depends on your goals, finances, and what you want out of your college experience. Some people decide to go out of state for programs that aren’t offered in local institutions, some are drawn to a new adventure, and some welcome the opportunity to move away from home.
Regardless of where your first choice college may be, understanding the financial implications can help you decide on financial aid packages and know what you’re getting into, finance-wise, before you make a final decision.
Key Points
• Out-of-state tuition is typically much higher than in-state tuition at public universities.
• Reciprocity programs and tuition exchanges may lower out-of-state costs for eligible students.
• Establishing residency before enrollment can help qualify for in-state rates but has strict requirements.
• Starting at a community college or securing strong financial aid can reduce total costs.
• Comparing aid packages and planning ahead for how you’ll fund college, including possible private loans or refinancing later, can be helpful.
What Does Out-of-State Tuition Mean?
As you decide which colleges you’ll apply to, you may have public and private colleges on your list. Public colleges are colleges that are funded by a state and receive significant public funds, including taxpayer dollars, to function. Private colleges are not owned by the state and are privately held, with funding coming from tuition, research grants, endowment funds, and charitable donations.
Private colleges do not differentiate their tuition plans based on residency. Public colleges and universities, on the other hand, rely on tax dollars, so they do base their tuition plans on residency. That’s because residents are already “paying” for the university or college through their tax dollars. Out-of-state students, who are not paying local or state colleges, are given a higher price tag.
Whether you’re applying in-state or out-of-state, it’s important to remember that the “price tag” of college tuition is independent of any financial aid, scholarships or grants, or loans you might have available.
Recommended: Private vs. Public College: What to Know When Deciding
Lowering the Bills on Out-of-State Tuition
Out-of-state tuition can cause sticker shock — and may lead to sizable loans. According to Education Data, the average cost of tuition at a public out-of-state college or university is $28,386. In-state tuition averages around $9,750 for the same degree. This number is independent of additional costs, such as housing and books.
While the sticker shock is real, there may be some workarounds that open up your options without piling on unnecessary expenses.
Reciprocal Tuition and Tuition Exchanges
Some states, such as Wisconsin and Minnesota, offer what’s called reciprocal tuition — in-state tuition offered for residents of both states. There are also some tuition exchanges and discount programs.
For example, the New England Board of Higher Education offers a tuition break program that offers discounts to New England residents when they enroll in another New England college. This savings may be as much as $8,600. Certain rules and restrictions apply. For example, you may have to prove the degree you wish to receive is not offered within public universities in your state.
Speaking with your guidance counselor or your financial aid office may be helpful in determining whether these types of programs are available and eligible for you.
Becoming a Resident
“Residency” for in-state tuition isn’t as simple as moving into the dorms. Residency rules vary by state and university. In some cases, residency requires that individuals live in the state for at least 12 months, be financially independent (if your parents/guardians aren’t living in the same state), and have “intent”— i.e., there’s a reason why you’re living in-state beyond just attending school. In some cases, intent to remain in a state can include getting a driver’s license, filing taxes, or registering to vote in that state. States may have differing requirements for defining intent, so it can be worth confirming requirements for the state in which you plan to attend school.
Because residency rules can be strict, establishing residency may not make sense for everyone. But if you’re considering grad school or are going to undergrad as an independent or nontraditional student (someone who doesn’t fit the mold of a recent high school graduate attending college), then it may make sense to establish residency first. This can also help you familiarize yourself with the university and assess whether it’s where you want to spend the next few years.
Starting at Community College
If you have your heart set on a pricey out-of-state school, one way to potentially save is to begin your education at a community college. Like public colleges and universities, community colleges receive government subsidies that can make tuition more affordable. By commuting to a community college and obtaining general education credits, you can then potentially transfer to an out-of-state institution to finish your education and potentially minimize loans.
Considering aid packages
Some private and public schools offer free or reduced-cost college tuition. These “free tuitions” are generally earmarked for students coming from families who make less than a set adjusted gross income, usually around $65,000 per year.
Some public universities also may offer generous scholarship packages to out-of-state students who reflect academic or athletic talent. If you get accepted to a school and receive a financial aid package, it may be worth speaking with the financial aid office to make sure you understand what the package entails.
Typically, financial aid packages encompass grants, scholarships, and federal student loans.
Should You Go Out-of-State for College?
There is no right answer when it comes to which college is the best choice for you. But to prepare for college decisions, it can be a good idea to look beyond the honor of admission and consider the financials.
Comparing financial aid packages, assessing additional sources of tuition payment, including family contributions and private scholarships, and assessing how you might pay back your student loans can all help you decide the best option for your future and for your wallet. It’s also important to remember that nothing is set in stone.
Regularly assessing your college experience — including the financials — can help determine whether you’re on a path that makes sense for you.
For example, students who did take out student loans for college or graduate school may consider refinancing after they graduate. In some cases, refinancing your student loans can help qualifying borrowers secure a lower interest rate, which may make the loan more affordable in the long-term.
Just be aware that refinancing federal loans eliminates them from borrower protections, like income-driven repayment plans and student loan forgiveness, so it’s not the right choice for all borrowers.
There is no “right” or “wrong” school or path and the right plan for you depends on a variety of factors. Speaking with people who graduated from your prospective school in your intended major can give you an idea of career paths. It can also be helpful to take advantage of any financial aid talk or info session available to get a realistic look at what it may be like when you begin to pay back loans.
The Takeaway
At the end of the day, the best decision for you about whether to go to college out-of-state may be the one that addresses your goals and your finances. Understanding different tuition discounts, including geographic-based tuition exchanges, could open up avenues to less-expensive degree paths. For some students, including grad students, establishing residency may make sense to obtain in-state tuition.
Tuition is complicated, and scholarships, grants, federal loans, private loans, and family contributions are all part of paying for school. You also may use this time to assess the what-ifs: What if circumstances change and a tuition fee that was possible this year becomes impossible next year due to job loss or other change in circumstance? What sort of private loans are available, and what terms do they offer?
Assessing the tuition price of each place you’re accepted — and considering private loan options, if necessary, or student loan refinancing in the future — can be an integral factor in making a decision that makes sense for all aspects of the next step in your educational journey.
Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.
FAQ
How can I get in-state tuition when I live out-of-state?
To get in-state tuition when you live out-of-state, look for reciprocal tuition that some states offer, such as Wisconsin and Minnesota do. These programs give residents of both states in-state tuition rates. Other states or regions, including those in New England, offer tuition exchange programs that give discounts to students that are residents of the area — look for such programs. You could also work to establish residency in the state in question, but the rules and requirements tend to be strict.
Am I a resident if I go to college in a different state?
Probably not, unless you meet specific requirements of the state. Each state determines residency in a different way. Most states require about 12 months of residency before a student begins college before the student is considered a resident. States may have other residency requirements as well, such as filing taxes or registering to vote in the state to be considered a resident.
What determines a person’s place of residency?
What determines a person’s place of residency depends on the state; each has different requirements. For example, you typically need to reside in a state for a certain amount of time and show intent to make the state your permanent residency, such as filing taxes there, obtaining a driver’s license, and setting up a bank account. Check with the state in question to determine their specific residency requirements.
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