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Many people are feeling the pain of the current economy as the high costs of essential goods and services, particularly housing, utilities, and groceries, strain household budgets. While the risk of a major recession has faded, inflation has proven sticky, and interest rates remain high. Economic growth has expanded, though this performance masks ongoing financial hardship.

Whether the country heads into an official recession or not, it’s important to understand that downturns are a normal part of economic cycles. There are also steps you can take when the economy is slowing to safeguard your financial health and avoid being significantly affected by a recession. Here are some key strategies to consider taking now, as well as actions you may want to avoid should the economy take a turn for the worse.

What Happens During a Recession?

A recession is a significant decline in economic activity that is spread across the economy and lasts more than a few months. One rule of thumb is that two consecutive quarters of negative gross domestic product growth indicate a recession, but a number of formulas are typically used to determine recessions.

During a recession, several economic indicators show a downturn:

•   Employment rates drop

•   Consumer spending decreases

•   Business revenues fall

•   Overall economic confidence wanes

This environment can lead to higher unemployment rates, decreased consumer confidence, and a general slowdown in economic activity.

Recessions are part of the economic cycle, which is characterized by peaks of growth followed by downturns. These phases of contraction can be triggered by various factors, including high inflation, rising interest rates, decreased consumer spending, or unexpected global events, such as a pandemic. Understanding the mechanics of a recession can help you take proactive steps to protect your finances and minimize the negative effects.

How to Prepare Your Finances for a Recession

Recessions are a possibility in any economic cycle, and you can avoid some of the negative impacts by anticipating challenges early.

Take Stock of Your Finances

Higher prices for everyday goods and services have already forced many consumers to cut back their budget for basic living expenses, such as groceries and travel. Even if you’ve made some spending adjustments, it’s a good idea to check in on your finances. You can do this by scanning the last few months of financial statements and assessing your average monthly spending and average monthly take-home income.

If you find that your spending is close to your earnings (meaning you’re not saving) or it’s higher (meaning you’re going backwards), you’ll want to review your discretionary spending and look for areas to cut. Doing so can free up funds to increase savings and pay more than the minimum on any debt.

Build a Safety Net

Hard as it may be to find extra cash, it’s important to make sure you are putting funds aside each month toward building your emergency fund. This fund will serve as a financial cushion if you experience a job loss or get hit with any unexpected expenses. If you already have an emergency fund, consider increasing it to provide extra security during uncertain economic times.

The general rule of thumb is to keep at least six months’ worth of living expenses in a separate, easily accessible account. But if that feels like an overwhelming goal, it’s fine to start slow. Even transferring $50 a month to your safety net can add up significantly over time. To maximize the growth of your emergency fund, choose an account that pays a competitive annual percentage yield, such as a high-yield savings account.

Pay Down High-Interest Debt

Here’s the bad news about higher interest rates: the national average credit card rate is 20.97%, which makes credit card balances a significant financial burden. As a result, you’ll want to check the rates on all of your credit cards and other debts. If any variable rates have gone up, the next step is to pay as much as you can toward your highest-interest balances first to reduce that debt. This is the kind of debt that can, unfortunately, snowball during tough economic times.

You might also look into balance transfer credit card offers. They can provide a period of no or low interest, during which you can pay down that debt. Another option is to consolidate high-interest debt with a lower-interest personal loan. You might also look into a nonprofit debt counseling program.

Once you’ve eliminated high-cost obligations, you’ll be better prepared to manage any potential financial bumps in the road.

Stay Your Investment Course

For your long-term investments, such as 401(k)s and other retirement accounts, continue making your contributions or consider starting if you haven’t already, and try not to worry too much about market volatility. If you have a diversified portfolio, you generally don’t want to change your strategy out of fear of a looming recession.

For perspective, consider this: The Dow Jones fell nearly 3,000 points on March 16, 2020, which was the largest decline in one day in U.S. stock market history. Yet, the market rebounded quickly and set new records in late 2020 and early 2021. Investors who sold in a panic didn’t see any of those record-breaking returns.

If rising expenses are making it impossible for you to keep up with 401(k) contributions, try to contribute at least the minimum necessary to get any matching funds your employer offers. That’s additional retirement savings you don’t want to miss.

Recommended: How Much Should I Contribute to My 401(k)?

Recession-Proof Your Career

Recessions often involve layoffs and a significant rise in unemployment. This is something to keep in mind, especially if you work in an industry that typically suffers downturns in a recession. Reducing debt and building emergency savings, as mentioned above, are two important steps you can take to prepare for the financial shock of a layoff.

In addition, you may want to take steps to recession-proof your career. Start by updating your resume and optimizing your LinkedIn profile. If you notice any gaps in your skill set, particularly in artificial intelligence literacy or emerging industry tools, explore the certifications or training needed to protect your livelihood. It’s also smart to refresh connections within your professional network, looking both within and outside your organization to secure internal referrals. Having a strong network and staying adaptable to new skills and technologies can provide opportunities even during economic downturns.

What to Avoid Doing During a Recession

Here’s a look at what not to do if the nation slips into a recession.

Panic

While the term recession can be panic-inducing, you should avoid making any hasty decisions. Economists use the word recession simply to indicate that the economy is contracting, not growing. Not all recessions lead to double-digit unemployment or severe stock market losses.

That said, the stock market often experiences significant volatility during a recession, which can lead to fear and panic selling. As mentioned above, selling investments hastily could result in substantial losses. It’s often wiser to focus on your long-term investment strategy and avoid making impulsive decisions based on short-term market movements. Market downturns can also present buying opportunities for long-term investors.

Tap Your Retirement

Withdrawing from your retirement accounts should generally be considered a last resort during a recession. Early withdrawals can incur penalties and taxes and reduce the funds available for your future. Explore other options first, such as cutting discretionary spending, picking up a side gig for extra income, or using your emergency fund, before tapping into retirement savings. Protecting your retirement funds is crucial for long-term financial security.

Accumulate New Debt

Taking on new debt during a recession can increase financial stress and vulnerability. Ideally, you want to avoid making large purchases or using credit cards for nonessential expenses. It can also be a good idea to delay significant financial commitments, such as buying a home or car, until the economic situation improves. You’ll likely be better off focusing on maintaining a healthy debt-to-income ratio and preserving your financial flexibility.

Become a Cosigner

Cosigning a loan for someone else during a recession can expose you to significant financial risk. If the primary borrower defaults, you will be responsible for the debt, which can strain your finances and damage your credit score. During uncertain economic times, it’s best to avoid taking on additional financial liabilities that are beyond your control.

Take Your Job for Granted

Recessions can threaten job security, so avoid taking your employment for granted. Stay proactive in your role by demonstrating your value to your employer. Consider taking on additional responsibilities, seeking regular feedback, and continuing to build skills such as problem-solving, teamwork, and communication. Employees who demonstrate strong workplace skills may be better positioned in a competitive job market.

Recommended: The History of U.S. Recessions: 1797-2020

The Takeaway

Preparing for a recession starts with taking proactive steps to protect your finances and avoid common pitfalls. If a downturn may be looming, smart moves include building an emergency fund, reducing debt, continuing to save for retirement, and strengthening your job security. Equally important is knowing what to avoid, such as panic selling, accumulating new debt, and withdrawing from your 401(k) or IRA early.

Economic downturns are never pleasant and often painful. But with thoughtful planning and the steps outlined above, you can protect your finances and better position yourself when the economy recovers.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

What is a recession?

A recession is a significant decline in economic activity that spreads across the economy and lasts for several months. It’s often associated with falling consumer spending, declining business revenue, and rising unemployment. Economists commonly use multiple indicators, including gross domestic product trends, to determine when a recession occurs.

How can I prepare financially for a recession?

Preparing for a recession often involves reviewing your finances, cutting unnecessary spending, and building an emergency fund. Paying down high-interest debt and continuing to save for retirement can also strengthen your financial stability.

Should I change my investment strategy during a recession?

Long-term investors are generally advised to stay focused on their overall investment strategy rather than react to short-term market volatility. Selling investments in a panic can lock in losses and prevent you from benefiting from market recoveries. Maintaining a diversified portfolio and continuing contributions (if you are able to) can help support long-term growth.

Is it a good idea to withdraw money from retirement accounts during a recession?

Withdrawing funds from retirement accounts is usually considered a last resort. Early withdrawals may trigger taxes and penalties and reduce the savings available for your future.

Photo credit: iStock/tolgart

SOBNK-Q126-049

Doom spending is spending money to cope with stress when the future seems uncertain or troubling, such as when the economic or political outlook appears grim. For example, a person might be feeling anxious about how high their housing costs are and what will happen in an upcoming election. To distract themselves from these worries, they might splash out on a special sushi dinner, concert tickets, or new clothes. The thinking here? “What’s ahead looks dicey, so I might as well enjoy myself now.”

If you can relate to this, read on to learn more about the causes of doom spending and how not to let it harm your financial standing.

Understanding Doom Spending

Doom spending is a phenomenon in which people may overspend in response to stressful times. For instance, when the world is filled with political and economic uncertainty, consumers (especially younger ones) may feel there’s no point in saving. A voice inside their head may ask, “Why bother?” Instead, they decide to live in the moment and go shopping as a distraction and mood lifter.

An October 2024 survey by Qualtrics on behalf of Credit Karma found that 27% of all Americans engage in doom spending, and it’s especially prevalent among younger adults. In fact, 39% of millennials and 37% of Gen Zers admit they have spent money in this way.

Financial experts say these generations may be especially vulnerable to feelings of hopelessness and doom spending, as they came of age in a time of economic uncertainty and are living in an era with high housing costs, massive student debt, and considerable inflation (consumer prices rose more than 22% between January 2021 and January 2025). Many may find that they currently have a lot less in their bank accounts than they’d like.

While there is nothing wrong with occasional rewards, doom spending can result in credit card debt and a reduced ability to save for the future. According to a recent Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) study, 26% of Americans say they spend more than they earn.

Recommended: What Are Fixed vs. Variable Expenses?

Psychological Triggers Behind Doom Spending

Here’s a closer look at some of the causes of doom spending.

Stress and Anxiety

Stress and anxiety can trigger doom spending, and there’s little doubt that they are rampant right now. According to the American Psychological Association (APA), many people in the U.S. have been negatively impacted by societal division, systemic isolation, a lack of emotional support, misinformation anxiety, and the rise of artificial intelligence. All of those issues can come together and create a feeling of future doom.

And according to a recent Nationwide Retirement Institute study, Gen Zers are leaning into spending despite having long-term financial concerns, with 17% saying that they’re spending more on leisure now because they may never be able to retire.

Impulse Control Issues

Shopping can bring joy in a few different ways. Research has shown that purchasing an item you desire can empower you with a sense of control. It can also flood your brain with dopamine, a feel-good neurotransmitter.

When people feel that the future is gloomy, they may crave that feel-good flood even more and, therefore, easily give in to impulse purchases. Spending money in this way can be a relief and a release. It’s a distraction that lets you treat yourself and temporarily escape your worries.

Societal and Peer Pressure

Social media can exacerbate doom spending by driving you to spend money to “keep up with the Joneses.” It can also lead to fear of missing out (FOMO) spending and you only live once (YOLO) spending.

Because the future seems cloudy and so expensive, you may not bother to plan for it. Instead, you might follow a friend’s, coworker’s, or social media influencer’s lead and spend money on the latest trendy purchase or experience. It can create a feeling of belonging and help you escape all the doom-driven anxiety.

Recommended: Financial Planning Tips for Young Adults in Their 20s

Consequences of Doom Spending

The consequences of doom spending can be mild or more significant but typically include the following:

•   Blowing your budget: Additional spending can make it hard to stick to a budget. If you’re buying more nonessentials, you may come up short when it’s time to make your student loan payment. Or you might have to stop contributing to your retirement plan so you can make ends meet.

•   Credit card debt: Credit card debt in the U.S. reached a record high in the first quarter of 2026 (hitting $1.25 trillion). That’s a whole lot of swiping and tapping going on, and doom spending may be a contributing factor. Shopping with credit cards can feel as if purchases don’t cost anything since no hard cash changes hands. But if you go overboard with doom spending, you may get an eye-watering bill. Given today’s ultra-high credit card interest rates (currently averaging 21%), it can be hard to get out from under credit card debt once it starts racking up.

•   Ability to save: When you spend money on fun treats and impulse purchases to relieve stress and buoy your spirits, it may well be borrowed from money you were going to save. Whether those dollars were earmarked for an emergency fund, retirement account, the down payment on a house, or another purpose, doom spending can set you back in terms of your short- and long-term financial goals.

•   Increased stress: Knowing that you’ve overspent can heighten the anxiety you are already feeling. Many people feel guilty about spending money, and a doom-triggered spending spree can create more worries about their financial future.

Strategies to Manage and Prevent Doom Spending

If you’ve been doom spending (or tempted to), these strategies can help you rein in the impulse.

Setting a Budget

A good budget helps organize your money and keep your spending on track. It can provide guardrails for how your income will be spent and saved. There are many different types of budgets, so you may need to experiment to find the method that works best for you. One popular approach is the 50/30/20 budget rule, which says that 50% of your take-home pay should go to needs, 30% to wants, and 20% to savings and/or additional debt payments. With a budget like this in place, you know just how much (30%) can go toward fun expenditures and can stick to that figure.

Once you determine how much you want to put toward savings each month, it’s a good idea to set up an automated transfer from your checking account to your savings account for the same day each month (perhaps right after you get paid). That way, the money gets whisked away and won’t sit there, tempting you to spend it.

You can set a budget and track your spending with pen and paper, or you might want to download a budgeting and spending app to your phone to simplify the process.

Self-Control Techniques

Being aware of what triggers you to doom spend can help you stop. For example, if you know you tend to shop on Sundays when you start feeling anxious about the week ahead and life in general, fill your calendar. You might set up a standing date to go walking or running with a friend or take on a volunteer gig or side hustle so you’re too busy to spend.

Many people impulse buy online or on social media. If you tend to overspend in this way, consider disabling one-click shopping. It’s also a good idea to delete your credit card details from your devices. That way, it won’t be so easy to mindlessly spend money while scrolling.

Recommended: How to Stop Spending Money

Seeking Professional Help

If you feel your doom spending isn’t yielding to the above techniques, you might want to enlist the help of a professional. A financial planner could help with budgeting, or a therapist could guide you to uncover and address the emotional aspects of your spending.

A financial therapist could also be helpful. They merge money know-how and an understanding of human behavior to resolve issues such as doom spending.

The Takeaway

Doom spending is a way of coping with stress by spending money. When you feel as if the world is uncertain and anxiety-provoking, you may find relief by shopping. But this can negatively impact your finances and create more money worries. Fortunately, there are several strategies that can help you control doom spending and stick to a budget.

The right banking partner can also help by giving you tools to help you track and grow your money.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

What are the common signs of doom spending?

Common signs of doom spending include:

•   Making impulsive purchases in response to feeling stressed or anxious about the future

•   Feeling temporary relief or pleasure after spending but later regretting the purchase

•   Frequently buying things you don’t need

•   Neglecting to save for the future

How can I break the cycle of doom spending?

Here’s a look at some strategies that can help you break the cycle of doom spending:

•   Create a monthly spending budget.

•   Set up a recurring monthly transfer from checking to savings.

•   Uncover your spending triggers and work to avoid or eliminate them.

•   Practice mindful spending by pausing before each purchase and assessing if it’s truly necessary.

•   Seek alternatives for stress relief, such as exercise or hobbies, to replace spending as a coping mechanism.

•   Work with a financial advisor or psychologist/therapist.

Are there tools or apps to help manage spending habits?

Yes, there are a number of online tools and apps that can help you manage your spending habits, set up a budget, and monitor financial goals. Popular options include YNAB (You Need a Budget), Goodbudget, and EveryDollar. You might also check with your bank to see what tools they offer to track and organize your finances.

Photo credit: iStock/YakobchukOlena

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2026 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 5/28/26. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
We do not charge any account, service, or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge transaction fees for outgoing wire transfers, Instant Transfers, and global remittance transfers. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Bank Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.
^Early access to direct deposit funds is based on the timing in which we receive notice of impending payment from the Federal Reserve, which is typically up to two days before the scheduled payment date, but may vary.

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¹SoFi Bank is a member FDIC and does not provide more than $250,000 of FDIC insurance per depositor per legal category of account ownership, as described in the FDIC’s regulations. Any additional FDIC insurance is provided by the SoFi Insured Deposit Program. Deposits may be insured up to $3M through participation in the program. See full terms at SoFi.com/banking/fdic/sidpterms. See list of participating banks at SoFi.com/banking/fdic/participatingbanks.

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SOBNK-Q226-070

An ACH credit is an electronic transfer that takes money from an account at one bank and credits it to an account at a different bank. All banks and credit unions in the U.S. are connected electronically via a system known as the Automated Clearing House (ACH). This allows for easier movement of money between accounts at different financial institutions.

One of the most popular forms of ACH credit is the direct deposit of your paycheck from your employer. However, there are other times when you may receive or send an ACH credit.

Here’s what you need to know about ACH credits, including their meaning and how these transactions work.

What Are ACH Credit Payments?

Automated Clearing House (ACH) credit payments occur when someone instructs the ACH network to send or push money from an account they own at one bank to an account at a different bank, either owned by them or someone else. One common reason why you might get ACH credits to your bank account balance is if you signed up for direct deposit at work. In this case, your employer pushes money from their bank account (usually via a processing partner) to your checking or savings account each time you get paid.

You may also see an ACH credit if you receive a payment from a government agency or if a friend sends you money using a peer-to-peer transfer service such as Venmo or CashApp.

You’ve likely also sent many ACH credits, perhaps without realizing it. When you set up payment through your bank or credit union to make a one-time bill payment or send money to a friend through a payment app, this would be processed as an ACH credit. In both cases, you are pushing money out of your account and into the other party’s account.

How Does ACH Credit Work?

One way to think about an ACH credit is that it is the digital equivalent of someone writing a paper check. Instead of filling out a check, however, the sender instructs their bank to send money directly into the recipient’s account via the ACH system. To send money via ACH credit, you simply need the recipient’s name, bank account number, routing number, and basic transaction details. The process can take anywhere from a few hours to two business days.

Behind the scenes, your bank batches all of its ACH transfer requests together and sends them out at regular times throughout the day to a clearinghouse that verifies the transfers. The clearinghouse then sends each transfer to the recipient’s financial institution. The National Automated Clearing House Association (NACHA) oversees the ACH network.

What Is an ACH Credit Refund?

An ACH refund (or return) is an electronic transaction that’s sent back to the original sender by the recipient’s bank. This could happen if the recipient’s bank can’t process the transaction due to insufficient funds, an invalid account number, or a closed account, among other reasons.

Once the transaction’s been returned, the sender’s bank will notify the original payer and may charge a fee for the return. The sender’s bank may also try to resend the payment or contact the payee directly in order to resolve the issue.

Recommended: How to Stop or Reverse ACH Payments

What’s the Difference Between an ACH Credit and an ACH Debit?

An ACH credit and an ACH debit are two different types of transactions that are processed through the ACH network. The only difference between them is who initiates the transaction.

In an ACH credit transaction, the originator requests to transfer money from their account to the recipient’s account. This is often referred to as a push payment.

In an ACH debit transaction, the originator requests to withdraw money from another party’s account and have it transferred to their own account. This is typically called a pull payment.

If you have a service provider you make regular payments to, they might ask you to set up ACH debits to make processing the payment easier on both ends. With a recurring ACH debit, you don’t need to remember to make a payment each month, and the receiver doesn’t need to process manual payments. They automatically pull the money from your account each month.

With ACH credits vs. debits, there is also a difference in transfer speed. A bank can choose to have ACH credits processed and delivered within the same day or in one to two business days. ACH debit transactions, on the other hand, must be processed by the next business day.

Recommended: What “Do Not Covert to ACH” Means on a Check

Fees Associated With ACH Credit Transactions

There are fees associated with ACH transactions that are paid to NACHA by the banks involved in the transaction. Banks generally pay both an annual fee to participate in the ACH network as well as a tiny fee per transaction. There may be an additional fee required for faster or same-day ACH transactions.

These ACH fees may or may not be passed down from the bank to the actual account holder. Check with your bank to see if they charge a fee for sending or receiving an ACH debit or ACH credit transaction.

Future of ACH Credit

The ACH network has grown in popularity since it was officially established in the mid-1970s and shows no signs of slowing down. NACHA, its participating banks, and the government continue to work together to make sure that the ACH network remains safe and stable. Other fintech companies are also working to innovate concerning the future of electronic payments.

The Takeaway

The Automated Clearing House (ACH) is a network of banks that allow electronic transactions to be sent to and from accounts. An ACH credit allows you to push money online from an account you own at one bank to an account at another bank, either owned by you or someone else.

ACH credits are push transactions. This means the person making the payment originates the transaction. An ACH debit, by contrast, is a pull transaction and is initiated by the party receiving the money.

There are a variety of reasons why you might see an ACH credit on your account, but one of the most common is a direct deposit or payroll entry from your employer.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

What is an ACH credit and how does it work?

An Automated Clearing House (ACH) credit transaction is when someone instructs the ACH network to send money from their account to someone else’s.

A common example of an ACH credit is direct deposit of your paycheck. In this case, your employer pushes money out of their bank account and into your bank account using the ACH network. ACH credits are also used for bill payments and peer-to-peer payments.

What does the future look like for ACH credits?

The National Automated Clearing House Association (NACHA), the organization that oversees the ACH network, is working with the government and other stakeholders to ensure that the ACH network remains safe, secure, and stable. While some of the behind-the-scenes details may change, it’s likely that interbank credits and debits will continue well into the future.

Is an ACH credit the stimulus check?

An Automated Clearing House (ACH) credit transaction occurs when an individual or organization instructs the ACH network to send money from their account to someone else’s. There are a variety of reasons why you might see an ACH credit transaction on your account, including direct deposit of your paycheck and direct payments from the government, such as a stimulus check.

Photo credit: iStock/Nastasic

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2026 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 5/28/26. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
We do not charge any account, service, or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge transaction fees for outgoing wire transfers, Instant Transfers, and global remittance transfers. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Bank Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.
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SOBNK-Q226-073

A Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) code, a group of letters and numbers used globally to identify a bank account, is similar to a routing number but functions differently.

Say you want to transfer money from your bank account to someone else’s. You’ll need to know some basic information about the recipient’s financial institution and their account. This ensures safe and accurate electronic transfers of funds. If you’re conducting a domestic transfer (that is, from one bank account in the United States to another), an American Bankers Association (ABA) routing number will be required. If you are moving funds internationally (sending money to another country from the U.S. or vice versa), a SWIFT code is typically required.

Understanding SWIFT Codes

To send money internationally, you’ll usually need a SWIFT code. Learn more about how this string of letters and numbers usually works.

What Is a SWIFT Code?

The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications (SWIFT) is a network that allows banks and other financial institutions to electronically communicate with each other securely, across borders. A key part of that involves a SWIFT code, also called a Business Identifier Code (BIC), which identifies a specific bank, with information about the country, the location, and, if applicable, the branch.

Purpose and Usage of SWIFT Codes

SWIFT codes identify specific details of a bank to ensure international payments are going to the right bank. These codes are comprised of 8-11 alphanumeric characters:

•   The first four characters are letters and represent the name of the bank.

•   The next two characters, also letters, indicate the country the bank is located in.

•   The next (and sometimes final) two characters can be letters or numbers and indicate where the bank’s main office is located.

•   In instances where the bank is large enough to have branches in multiple countries, cities, or regions, there may be a three-digit branch code at the end of the SWIFT code.

If you’re sending an international wire transfer from the United States, you’ll usually need to know the recipient’s SWIFT code. There are a number of countries that do not participate in SWIFT, but generally speaking, SWIFT is the global standard for international payments.

Recommended: Guide to International Bank Account Numbers (IBANs)

Understanding Routing Number

To send money within the United States, you’ll usually need a routing number. Here’s important information about what this series of digits is and how it functions.

What Is a Routing Number?

A routing number is a nine-digit code composed of numbers that are used to identify banks and credit unions within the United States during domestic transfers.

These codes have been around for more than a century. The American Bankers Association (ABA) started to link routing numbers to financial institutions in 1910 as a unique identifier.

Purpose and Usage of Routing Numbers

Like a SWIFT code, a routing number helps direct money transfers to the right financial institution. You’ll also need the recipient’s bank account number to successfully move the funds.

You might think of the routing number like a street name for your bank account (Main or Church Street, say), but your bank account number is the actual numeric portion of your address (to continue the analogy, this would specifically identify a house), to ensure money goes to the right “home” on that “street.”

It’s worth noting that Canada also uses routing numbers, but not ABA routing numbers. Instead, Canada’s eight- or nine-digit routing numbers include a three-digit institution number, a five-digit transit number, and possibly a zero.

ACH transfers and wire transfers require knowing the recipient’s bank account and routing number. And you’ll frequently need to know your own routing number for several common transactions, such as:

•   Online bill and tax payments

•   Payment app setup

•   Direct deposit setup

There are some ways to send money to another person in the United States without needing to know their routing number. For instance, you can write and mail a check, you can send a money order, and you can use a peer-to-peer (P2P) transfer app to send money to someone in the U.S. without needing to know their routing number.

Differences Between SWIFT Codes and Routing Numbers

While they serve a similar purpose in electronic funds transfers, there are some key differences when comparing SWIFT codes vs. routing numbers.

Domestic vs International Transactions

In the U.S., you’ll use routing numbers for domestic transfers. For international transactions, you’ll need to know the recipient’s SWIFT code. U.S. banks typically have a SWIFT code for such situations that is specific to each branch. (Some smaller banks and credit unions may not, however, have SWIFT codes.)

Code Structure and Format

Routing numbers are nine characters, all digits. SWIFT codes are alphanumeric and are typically between 8 and 11 characters long.

Issuing Authorities

The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications oversees SWIFT codes and was founded in 1973. The American Bankers Association manages routing numbers in the U.S. and was established much earlier — in 1910.

Recommended: How to Send Money to Someone Without a Bank Account

When To Use SWIFT Codes and Routing Numbers

If you are wiring money internationally, you’ll need to know a recipient’s SWIFT code. (There are a number of countries that do not use SWIFT codes, in which case you’ll need to find an alternate way to identify their bank during an electronic transfer or move money using another method.) Similarly, if someone is wiring money from another country to you in the U.S., you’ll need to provide them with your bank’s SWIFT code.

If you’re transferring money to someone else domestically in the United States, you’ll instead need to know their bank’s routing number. You’ll also need your own routing number when transferring funds, setting up direct deposit, online payments, and other forms of digital transfers and payments.

Locating SWIFT Codes and Routing Numbers

You can typically find your SWIFT code on a bank statement or on your bank’s website or app. Call customer service for your bank if you’re unable to locate it.

Your routing number can be found online or via mobile app when you log into your account. The routing number is also printed on your paper checks. Typically, it’s the first set of numbers on the lower left corner of a check.

The Takeaway

SWIFT codes and routing numbers serve the same basic purpose of helping to identify banks when transferring money electronically, but they’re used for different kinds of transfers. Domestic transfers in the U.S. rely on routing numbers while international transfers typically need SWIFT codes.

Are you in need of a bank account to begin sending and receiving money? See what SoFi offers.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

Can a SWIFT code be used for domestic transactions?

In the U.S., SWIFT codes are not used for domestic transactions. Instead, you’ll need to know your bank account number and routing number, as well as the bank account and routing number of the person you’re wiring money to. Or, if someone is transferring funds to you, they will need your identifying information, including your bank account number and routing number.

Are SWIFT codes and routing numbers interchangeable?

When considering SWIFT codes vs. routing numbers, it’s important to recognize that they’re not interchangeable. They are issued by different authorities, have a different number of characters, and are used for different purposes. While similar, routing numbers are for domestic transfers, and SWIFT codes are for international transfers.

What happens if I use the wrong SWIFT code or routing number?

If you use the wrong SWIFT code or routing number for a wire transfer, the transaction will typically fail, and the payment will be returned to you. In some cases, you might have to pay a fee (including if you resubmit the transaction), and the money could be routed to the wrong account. For this reason, it’s important to verify that you have the correct SWIFT or routing number when transferring funds.

Photo credit: iStock/jjlim80

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You can typically remove yourself from a joint bank account, but financial institutions’ policies on this may vary. It’s wise to check with your bank about how to separate yourself from a shared account.

Joint bank accounts can work well for many banking customers. Spouses may find it easier to budget together with a joint bank account, and parents may open a bank account with a child to help them learn how to manage their money. But what happens when you no longer want to be on the joint bank account?

What Is a Joint Bank Account?

A joint bank account is a checking or savings account that is shared between two or more people. Each person has full access to the money, meaning they can withdraw, deposit, and spend funds without having to get the other account holder’s approval.

Account holders generally have joint access to the checking or savings account and are both responsible for any debts and fees it incurs. For instance, if the account goes into overdraft, the joint account will incur fees, even if only one party was responsible.

Reasons to Remove Yourself From a Joint Bank Account

As time passes, joint account holders may no longer need or want to share an account. Here are a few reasons why someone would want to remove themselves from a joint account.

Separation or Divorce

When breaking up with a partner or divorcing a spouse, you’ll likely want total control of your own money.

That means you’ll need to close any joint bank accounts (and joint credit cards) and start anew, or simply remove yourself from the account and start your own while your ex maintains the existing account, if allowed by the bank.

End of Business Partnership

If you and a business partner are closing your enterprise and going your separate ways, you will want to shut down your business checking account and/or business savings account. If you’re stepping down from the business, but the partner is going to continue running it, it might be possible to remove your name from the account rather than close it completely.

Child Getting Their Own Account

Some parents may choose to be a joint account holder on their child’s first bank account. This can help parents teach a child about money management and monitor financial decisions closely. When children go to college, this can be an easy way to ensure they have enough money for food, rent, books, and other expenses.

But at a certain point, it makes sense for a parent to remove themself from the child’s checking account, if the bank allows it.

Recommended: Married Couple With Two Roth IRAs

Reduction of Financial Ties

There are other specific scenarios where joint account holders may want to sever their financial ties. For instance, if the other account holder (nonspouse) is being sued, you may want to remove them from the account to protect the assets. Removing someone else from a joint account, however, typically requires that individual’s consent and may depend on bank policy or state law.

Steps to Remove Yourself From a Joint Bank Account

In terms of how to remove yourself from a joint bank account, some banks will allow one party to exit, often with the other person’s consent. Other banks, however, may require the account to be closed in full, rather than remove a single account holder.

Assuming your bank allows you to remove yourself from the joint account and you have alerted the other account holder(s), here are the steps you’ll typically need to follow.

Request Account Closure or Complete Paperwork

The first step to removing yourself from a joint bank account is reading your bank’s policy or reaching out to a customer service representative to understand the process. In some cases, the bank may simply require you to close the account entirely. State laws and individual bank policies typically require all joint bank account holders to approve the closure before you can move forward.

If the bank will let you remove your name from a joint account, follow the bank’s guidelines, which may require consent from the other account holder and could depend on the account terms or state law.

Pay Fees

Before closing a joint account, make sure there is enough money in the account to cover any checks that haven’t cleared or automatic payments that haven’t been made to help avoid fees. But in the case of simply removing yourself from a joint account but keeping it open in the other account holder’s name, you should work out if you’re responsible for paying off any account debts before taking yourself off the account.

Withdraw Remaining Funds

You and the joint account holder should review the current balance and determine how much, if any, of the funds you should withdraw for yourself. This will need to be addressed, whether you are closing the account or removing your name from the joint bank account.

You won’t have access to withdraw money once your name is taken off, so make sure you know how to withdraw money from any checking account and savings account you share before moving forward.

Required Documentation

Your bank will spell out specific documentation required when removing yourself from a joint bank account. Typically, you will need to provide:

•   Proof of identification

•   Proof of account ownership, such as a bank statement and debit card

•   Written approval from the other joint account holder(s), as noted above

Recommended: Should Married Couples Have Joint Bank Accounts?

Issues to Be Aware Of

When removing yourself from a joint bank account (or closing the account entirely, if the bank doesn’t allow a single account holder to remove themselves), there are a few things you’ll want to consider.

Outstanding Checks and Automatic Payments

If you’ve written any checks or have any transactions that are currently processing, you’ll want to make sure those go through before you withdraw your portion of the funds from the account. Similarly, if you have automatic bill payments set up, you’ll need to switch these to your new bank account before removing yourself.

Otherwise, the remaining joint account holder will inadvertently pay your next set of bills. Or, if the joint account needs to be closed, you could wind up with a slew of returned (unpaid) payments.

Direct Deposits

Similarly, if you have direct deposit set up with your employer or a government entity (such as Social Security benefits or tax refunds), make sure you redirect those to your new bank account. This ensures you don’t miss any money sent to you.

Remaining Account Holder Approval

Before taking yourself off a joint bank account, you’ll need to let the other account holder know. Banks that allow one account holder to take their name off the account may require you to submit written approval from the other account holder or even require that both parties visit a local branch in person.

Potential Bank Fees

Your bank may charge a fee to remove your name from a joint bank account. Ask your bank about its process for removing your name from a joint account, and check the account agreement to see what requirements apply.

Alternative to Removal

If a bank does not allow you to remove your name from a joint bank account for some reason, one alternative is to close the account altogether. In most circumstances, either person on a joint checking account can withdraw money from and close the account, but you should ask your bank or check the account agreement to see what applies to your account.

You can follow these steps for how to close a joint bank account, if that’s the route you decide to take.

The Takeaway

Opening a joint bank account can add flexibility for people with shared financial goals and responsibilities. However, there may come a time when you no longer want to be on a joint bank account. While some banks may permit you to remove one of the account holders, others may require that you close the account entirely, with each joint member then opening their own new account, if they like.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

Can one person remove themselves from a joint bank account?

Some banks may allow one person to remove themselves from a joint bank account, but there are typically clear guidelines for how to go about this. That may include written permission from the other account holder. In some scenarios, banks and credit unions may require that the account be closed and that each person begin afresh.

Do I have to notify the other person on the account?

If you plan to remove yourself from a joint bank account, you should let the other person know. In fact, banks that allow you to remove your name from a joint account without closing it may require the other account holder’s consent, depending on the account terms and state law.

What if other owners don’t approve the removal?

If you would like to be removed from a joint bank account but the other account holder won’t agree, work with your financial institution to determine the next steps, as they may vary from bank to bank and state to state. Because rules vary by bank and account agreement, contacting the financial institution directly is often the best way to confirm your options.

Photo credit: iStock/zamrznutitonovi

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