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After you purchase a new home, there are many things to budget for, including moving costs, new furniture, and ongoing expenses such as your mortgage. Although it may seem like many of the significant expenditures are out of the way once you close on a property, there are additional costs that can add up.

To avoid financial surprises, it’s wise to jot down and budget for all of the extra expenses you will encounter when you move into your new place. To help you organize your finances, here are the things to budget for after buying a house.

Moving-Out Expenses to Budget for

Before you take up residence in your new home, you must move all of your things. Even if you pack and move all your belongings yourself, you’ll still have to spend on things like boxes, packing materials, and a truck. And if you use movers, it will cost you even more.

Recommended: The Ultimate Moving Checklist

Moving Your Belongings

There are three main options for moving your belongings:

•   Renting a truck and doing it yourself. It’s more cost efficient than using professional movers, but DIY moving yourself still adds up. You’ll have to pay for the truck rental fee, gas, and damage protection. If you’re moving across the country, you may also have to factor in the costs of shipping some of your items. Even though you can enlist your friends and family to help you do the heavy lifting, the cost of moving yourself can still be significant, and it’s a lot of work.

•   Hiring movers. If you decide to use professional movers, it’s wise to shop around to find the best price. Here’s why: For moves under 100 miles away, the national average cost of moving is $1,400, and it ranges from $800 to $2,500. If you’re moving long distance, the average cost can be as high as $2,200 to $5,700. To cut costs, you can do your own packing, which may save you money.

•   Moving your things in a storage container. Another option is to use a hauling container — you load your things in it, and the container company moves it to your new location. This usually costs between $500 and $5,000, depending on the distance and how much stuff you’re moving. Long-distance moves will usually cost more than local ones.

Moving Supplies

If you decide to go the DIY moving route, you will need to buy boxes, bubble wrap, labels, and tape. And you likely have more items to wrap and box up than you think, which requires even more supplies.

Cleaning Supplies

You’ll probably want to clean your current property before you move out, and you’ll definitely want to clean the new place when you move in. That means buying mops, sponges, cleaning solutions, and paper towels. You may also want to get the carpets cleaned or hire a professional house cleaner if the place needs a deep cleaning.

10 Common Expenses After Buying a Home

Once the move is done, there are other expenses you’ll need to account for as you settle into your new abode. Here are a few things to budget for after buying a home.

Furniture and Appliances

You’ll likely bring some furniture and decor from your old place, but you’ll probably want to purchase some new things as well. For example, if the appliances are outdated, you might want to upgrade to new ones. And you may have more rooms to furnish, which requires additional furniture.

Consider opening a savings account for the new items you want to purchase. It can also help pay for any unexpected costs, such as having to replace a hot water heater that breaks.

Mortgage Payments

As a homeowner, every month you will making a mortgage payment that typically includes:

•   The principal portion of the payment. This is the percentage of your mortgage that reduces your payment over the life of the loan. The more you pay toward principal, the less you will have to pay in interest.

•   The interest. This is the amount you pay to borrow funds from the bank or lender to purchase your home.

If you are using an escrow account to pay your mortgage, other things may be included in your payment, such as your property taxes, insurance, and private mortgage insurance. This guide to reading your mortgage statement can help you understand all the costs involved in your mortgage payment.

Property Taxes

Property taxes are the taxes you pay on your home. In many cases, these taxes are the second most significant expense after your mortgage. Property taxes are based on the value of your home, which is typically governed by your state. The county you live in collects and calculates the sum due. Usually, property tax calculations are done every year, so the amount you owe may fluctuate annually.

Homeowners Insurance

Homeowners insurance helps protect your home from damage or destruction caused by events like a fire, wind storm, or vandalism. It can also protect you from lawsuits or property damages you are liable for. If someone slips and falls on your sidewalk, for instance, homeowners insurance will pay for the injured person’s medical bills and the legal costs if they decide to sue you.

The cost you pay for this coverage will vary by the type and amount of coverage you select.

Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI)

For borrowers who can’t afford a down payment that’s 20% of the mortgage value, lenders usually require private mortgage insurance (PMI). This type of coverage is designed to protect the lender if you default on your mortgage payments.

PMI can cost as much as a few hundred dollars per month, depending on the sum you borrow.

HOA Dues

This is a Homeowner’s Association fee, which goes toward the upkeep of property in a planned community, co-op, or condo. The amount can range from a couple of hundred dollars a year to more than $2,000, depending on the amenities you’re paying for (like a pool and landscaping). You typically pay HOA fees monthly, quarterly, or annually.

Utilities

Your utility payments include water, gas, electric, trash, and sewer fees. Some bills like water and electricity are based on the amount you use every month, so monitoring your electric and water usage, like taking short showers and turning lights off, can help lower your cost. Other payments, such as your trash or recycling, might be a fixed amount.

Lawn Care

Maintaining the curb appeal of your home requires landscape services and lawn care. If you choose to mow your own lawn, you may need to factor in the purchase of a mower, which can cost about $1,068 on average. If you hire a lawn service to cut your grass, you may pay $25 to $50 a week.

Pest Control

Pests, such as ants, ticks, rodents, or mice, can wreak havoc on your home and your family’s health. For these reasons, many homeowners hire a pest control company to prevent the infestation of pests around their homes. The company’s initial visit may cost between $150 to $300, then $45 to $75 for every follow-up.

Home Improvement Costs

As a homeowner, there are likely things you want to change about your house. From painting the walls to a complete kitchen renovation, transforming your property can add to the cost of owning a home. According to the HomeAdvisor 2023 State of Home Spending Report, homeowners spend an average of $9,542 on home improvement each year.

Additionally, as the features of your home age, you will need to replace and repair them accordingly.

Common Mistakes After Buying a Home

One of the most common mistakes people make when buying a home is spending more than they can afford. For instance, you may forget to factor in utilities, lawn care, HOA fees, costs of upkeep, and other hidden expenses that come with owning a home. It’s crucial to do your research to determine extra costs and add them up before you move forward with purchasing a property.

Another mistake new homeowners make is taking on too many DIY projects. TV shows can make home renovations look easy. However, many of these projects require professionals who know what they are doing. Attempting a home improvement project could cost you more to fix than hiring a pro in the first place. In fact, about 80% of homeowners that attempt their own renovation projects make mistakes — some of them serious.

Unless you can afford an expert, you may want to rethink purchasing a home that requires a lot of renovation.

The 50/30/20 Rule

For help planning your budget as a homeowner, you can use the 50/30/20 rule, which breaks your budget into three categories:

•   50% goes to to needs

•   30% goes to wants

•   20% goes to to savings

That means you’ll be budgeting 50% of your income to go toward necessities such as housing costs, grocery bills, and car payments. Then 30% will go toward things you want, such as entertainment (movies, concerts), vacations, new clothes, and dining out. The remaining 20% goes towards saving for the future or financial goals such as home improvement projects.

Using a 50/30/20 budget rule is simple and easy. It allows you to see where your money is going and helps you save.

Recommended: How to Track Home Improvement Costs

Lifestyle Tradeoffs in Order to Budget

With so many things to budget for after buying a home, you may need to cut back on spending. Start by looking at your discretionary spending and think about where you can trim back. For example, instead of eating out regularly, you can cook more meals at home. Or perhaps you can put your gym membership on hold and do at-home workouts for a while to stay in shape physically and financially.

Recommended: How to Budget in 5 Steps

The Takeaway

After you buy a house, there are many expenses you may not have accounted for, such as the cost of hiring movers; buying furniture; and getting your new place painted, cleaned, and ready to move into. Making a budget is vital to keep you on track financially, so you can enjoy your new home.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance.

FAQ

How much money should you have leftover after buying a house?

After buying a home, the amount you have left will vary depending on your financial situation. However, it’s a good idea to have at least three to six months of living expenses in reserve. That way, in case of an emergency, you can stay afloat financially.

Is it worth putting more than 20% down?

Putting more than 20% down on your home can help lower your monthly mortgage payment and interest because you’ll be borrowing less money. It also gives you more equity in your home from the beginning. But make sure you can afford to pay more than 20% in order not to stretch beyond your budget.

What’s the 50-30-20 budget rule?

The 50/30/20 rule means that you budget 50% of your expenses for needs (housing, groceries, loan payments), 30% for wants (entertainment, eating out, shopping), and 20% toward savings goals (retirement, renovations, new furniture).

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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If you’re interested in bringing in more cash, you may be happy to know there are countless weird ways to make money, from selling your hair to testing food to beekeeping. With today’s high cost of living and inflation chipping away at paychecks, many consumers are seeking extra income by starting part-time work or a side hustle.

So, if you want to pad your wallet with extra cash, here are some odd ways to make money in your spare time.

Benefits of Weird Ways to Make Money

Generating additional income is a key benefit of starting a side hustle, and sometimes you need to be creative about how to do that. When you hit on an idea that pulls in more cash, you can use that to afford some small splurges (go ahead and get that pricey salad you love twice next week), but it can also help in a more lasting way. Whether you bring in an extra $100 or $1,000 per month, you can reap the following advantages:

•   Repay debt. High-interest debt, especially from credit cards, can gobble up your income and inhibit financial growth. Paying off debt can be a huge step forward in your financial health.

•   Boost retirement savings. Take advantage of the power of compounding returns by stashing more money into your IRA or 401(k) — your retired self will thank you!

•   Achieve financial stability. Your extra money can build an emergency fund that allows you to handle unexpected expenses or survive for a few months without work, protecting you from the consequences of sudden job loss or a downshifting economy.

•   Follow your passion. While your day job might not be the career path of your dreams, a side hustle allows you to explore what you love and earn money along the way. For example, your woodworking hobby or love of knitting can become a profitable business.

•   Accomplish a financial goal. Whether you want to take an overseas vacation or update your kitchen, making extra money can help you afford a financial goal without taking on debt or dipping into your savings.

•   Grow professionally. Although your second job might be unusual, such as becoming a professional eater, it can allow you to make new connections, acquire new skills, and open the door for career opportunities.

•   Structure time intentionally. Another job will cut down your free time, but this can be a net positive — for example, it can help you direct the hours you have to yourself to what matters most, such as spending time with friends and family. Hard work can help highlight the good times with the ones you love.

Making Money: 27 Unusual Ways

If you’re looking for ways to make money from home or in the outside world without loads of special training, check out this list of weird ways to make money.

1. Renting Your Backyard for Campers

No matter where you live, if you’re in a house, your lawn could be a sought-after destination for adventurers and budget vacationers. Via websites like Hipcamp, you can advertise a comfortable, affordable place to stay for a couple of nights for backpackers or vanlifers. Bonus points if you’re near popular attractions. At Hipcamp, the average active host pulls in between $8,000 to $15,000 per year.

2. Becoming a Professional Sleeper

Another one of the strange ways to make money is by sleeping (seriously!). Despite its necessity and benefits, sleep is mysterious to us, and the scientific community has much to research about it. For instance, you could become a subject for researchers trying to better understand sleep. One University of Colorado study paid almost $3,000 for a study to be completed in less than a day. Sleeping also has commercial utility in various situations. For example, you might try out a company’s products, such as a prototype pillow or sleep mask. To find gigs, set up some search-engine alerts with keywords such as “sleep study” or “sleep tester” and also comb job boards, especially at universities doing research.

3. Renting Out a Shed

Have enough room on your property for extra boxes, appliances, or tools? An app like Neighbor lets you rent out your extra storage space for other people’s possessions, processes payments for your services, and is free to use. It’s like Uber or Airbnb — but with your attic or garage.

Recommended: What to Know Before Renting Out a Room in Your House

4. Test Websites

You can be a professional web surfer by testing websites for companies wanting to improve their online capabilities. Tasks range from clicking a link to finding a specific page on a website. A few minutes a day could earn you income (anywhere from 10 cents to 10 dollars per assignment, depending on the time required), and payments usually come to you through a convenient app like Venmo or PayPal.

5. Being a Professional Mover

Moving is a challenge and can be a very stressful experience. People will often pay big money for help packing, cleaning, and transporting items. This job is physically demanding, so it may not be for everyone. You can work weekends for a moving company or become an independent mover with a company like U-Haul. You might also advertise your services locally if you have a van and access to moving supplies.

6. Professional Eating

Here’s another odd way to make money: If you can gulp down food in a matter of minutes, professional eating is a viable side hustle. Local restaurants might give rewards for accomplishing food challenges. In addition, Major League Eating hosts food challenges across the United States with cash prizes for winners. Want to aim high? The annual Nathan’s hot-dog eating contest pays a $10,000 prize.

💡 Quick Tip: Want a simple way to save more everyday? When you turn on Roundups, all of your debit card purchases are automatically rounded up to the next dollar and deposited into your online savings account.

7. Cuddling

Today’s modern, fast-paced world can deprive people of physical touch, a vital factor in mental and emotional health. Cuddle Comfort is a secure website that sets up platonic cuddling sessions. At around $80 per hour, you could be well-compensated for helping others snuggle up and feel less isolated.

8. Befriending a Stranger

If you’re personable and love embarking on new experiences, being a professional friend may be right for you. RentAFriend.com is a website helping those lacking companionship. Whether you’re walking through a park or attending an evening event, your job is to spend time with people looking for friendship, make interesting conversation, and let your personality shine. Rates typically range from $20 to $50 an hour.

9. Being a Test Subject

Looking for more crazy ways to earn money? According to Ziprecuriter, the average income for a test subject nationwide is $53 an hour. By participating in market research, psychology studies, and clinical trials, you can turn your spare time into profitable experiences where you can reap the financial rewards.

10. Selling Plasma

Blood plasma is helpful for medical studies and healthcare procedures. It can save lives during surgery complications and aid scientific breakthroughs. Your body naturally produces this valuable substance, which you can sell twice per week in a process that’s similar to donating blood (but takes longer). For most people, the process has no side effects.

Plasma donors typically receive payment in a prepaid card and can earn around $100 per donation. Plus, companies like CSL Plasma pay new donors up to $700 for their first month of service to sweeten the deal.

11. Joining Writing Contests

If you have a way with words, a writing contest could be right up your alley. Whether you write as a creative outlet or to explore new ideas, you can get paid for your passion by entering a writing contest. Dozens of fee-based contests exist, meaning you can likely find your niche, enter your pieces, and hopefully win the top prize. As a bonus, you may receive reviews of your work and pointers for sharpening your craft. Search online for opportunities.

12. Being a Food Tester

Who doesn’t love to eat? This delicious pastime could become a weird way to earn money if you become a food tester. You might test new snacks and meals for a “sensory testing company” like Matrix Sciences. You can generally earn a minimum of $25 to $30 per session, though it could be more depending on the type and length of the test.

13. Reviewing “Sensitive Content”

Another unusual way to make quick cash is to review sensitive content for websites like YouTube and Reddit. Millions of users post content every day, making it almost impossible to review all of it. Therefore, large companies often hire people to review sensitive content to ensure everything is appropriate for the internet.

Remember, though; you may have to view some vulgar and upsetting content. So, if you have a weak stomach, this might not be your side hustle.

14. Recommend Items You Love

We all have our go-to essentials, like a preferred makeup brush or olive oil brand. Rather than just waxing poetic to your friends about them, you can write or post videos about your recommendations. Affiliate links online can earn you commissions. How it works: You direct your web audience to your favorite company’s website and receive cash rewards when they make purchases.

15. Cleaning Pet Poop for Others

While not the most appetizing of propositions, that poop needs to get taken care of somehow. Pet owners without the time or physical ability to clean up after their beloved animals can make good use of your services. All you need is transportation and clean-up equipment to get started. You can build your clientele base by posting flyers around your neighborhood or advertising online. Consider charging between $40 and $80 to clean up a messy yard.

💡 Quick Tip: Don’t think too hard about your money. Automate your budgeting, saving, and spending with SoFi’s seamless and secure mobile banking app.

16. Host City Tours

Another unusual way to make money: If you live in a town that attracts tourists, you can conduct tours for visitors. You might have a passion for your city’s beloved parks or knowledge of its history. Whatever your specialty, you can build a website advertising your services or use an app like Showaround or FreeTour (where you earn money via tips) to put your skills to work.

17. Waiting in Line for Someone

While it’s boring when doing this for yourself, waiting in line in someone else’s place can be a profitable side hustle. Apps like Spotblaze or TaskRabbit allow you to connect with customers looking for someone to wait in line for a concert ticket, new tech gadget, or parking permit renewal. The more popular the event or product, the more you can charge (some people report having made $80 per hour). Plus, you can listen to an audiobook, podcast, or music while you wait.

18. Losing Weight

Here’s a weird way to earn money that’s also potentially healthy. Shedding pounds can also mean big capital gains with websites like HealthyWage. Here’s how it works: You set your weight loss goal and then wager a dollar amount of your choice that you’ll be successful. This setup gives you extra motivation by putting your money where your mouth is. If you hit your goal, you win prize money and receive your initial investment back. However, failing to hit your goal means losing your wager.

Recommended: 39 Passive Income Ideas to Build Wealth

19. Selling Your Hair

This opportunity is more selective, as you’ll have to grow your hair at least 10 inches long in most cases to sell it for a significant profit. However, if your hair grows quickly, you can pair this side hustle with others to generate income. Human hair is excellent for weaves, wigs, and scientific uses, and you can sell yours on websites like Hairsellon or eBay.

20. Give Your Opinion With Online Surveys

If you love giving your opinion, filling out online surveys can be a great way to earn extra cash. Platforms like Survey Junkie and Swagbucks want people to share their detailed opinions on specific topics. Surveys can take anywhere from five minutes to one hour to complete. If you complete three surveys daily, you can earn as much as $40 a month.

21. Selling Digital Templates

Folks with a knack for design can enjoy selling digital templates and potentially make thousands of dollars monthly. You can create e-book page layouts, brand kits, social media packages, and more. Using a site like Canva, you can create endless digital templates that you may be able to sell from the comfort of your own home.

22. Beekeeping

Here’s another offbeat way to bring in money: Beekeeping is the practice of caring for bees so they can contribute to the growth of your garden or the environment. Before you can start making money, you will need to gain some experience (if you don’t have any). Once you gain experience, you can make money by selling bee products such as honey, providing pollination services, or educating others on beekeeping.

23. Organize Other People’s Things

We can thank The Home Edit and Marie Kondo for encouraging everyone to live a life of organization. But, while it comes easy for some, others may struggle to get started. So, if you enjoy organizing the closet, cabinets, papers, or anything, you could make between $30 and $130 per hour organizing people’s homes. To get started, sign up for sites like Thumbtack and Westtenth and let people know about your services.

24. Being a Statue

Believe it or not, you can make money without even lifting a finger, or actually moving at all. Acting as a statue on a busy street can help you earn some extra dough from passers-by and tourists who leave tips. Depending on the time and traffic of the location you choose, you can make as much as $60 to $80 per hour.

25. Taking Notes for Others

Another unusual way to make money is to sell your college lecture notes. Sites like EduBirdie allow you to sell your notes to students who missed a lecture or need help getting through course material. Keep in mind that notes need to be typed, not handwritten. Pay runs around $1 per lecture note.

26. Mystery Shopping

When you become a secret shopper or mystery shopper, you can earn cash by shopping at local retailers, completing shopping surveys, or taking photos of displays. Registering for an account with apps like Mobee or Marketforce can help you start earning extra money shopping.

27. Review Music

Music lovers can make extra money by reviewing unsigned artists online at Slicethepie. Some categories will pay more than others. However, all payments will be listed at the top of the category page so you can decide if the review is worth your time. Typical pay for those just starting out is less than 20 cents per review, but if you love listening, this could bring in some extra pocket change.

The Takeaway

Using these weird ways to make money can help you boost your savings, pay off debt, or allow you to get paid for doing something you love. So whether you make extra cash sleeping, eating, shopping, or giving your opinion, you can inch one step closer to your financial goals.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

Where can I sell weird things?

Websites like Ecwid, Facebook Marketplace, Etsy, and eBay are just a few platforms where you can sell weird items like keychains, eccentric jewelry, or clothes. People have even marketed air on some of these sites.

How much money can I make from these weird ways to make money?

The amount of money you make in these weird ways will depend on the gig you choose and how much time you invest in it. For example, if you choose to start reviewing music and only post a few critiques, you might only make a dollar; if you clean up someone’s messy yard of dog poop, you might earn $80 per session after proving to be a competent and reliable provider.

Are any of these weird ways to make money illegal?

No, all of the crazy ways to make money above are legitimate and legal.

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Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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U.S. government-backed securities like Treasury bills (T-bills) provide a way to invest with minimal risk. These debt instruments are one of several different types of Treasury securities including Treasury notes (T-notes) and Treasury bonds (T-bonds).

Unlike other treasuries, however, T-bills don’t pay interest. Rather, investors buy T-bills at a discount to par (the face value).

Investors looking for a low-risk investment with a short time horizon and a modest return may find T-bills an attractive investment. T-bills have minimal default risk and maturities of a year or less. But Treasury bill rates are typically lower than those of some other investments.

What Is a Treasury Bill (T-Bill)?

Treasury bills are debt instruments issued by the U.S. government. They are short-term securities and are issued with maturity dates ranging from 4 weeks to one year. It may be possible to buy T-bills on the secondary market with maturities as short as a few days.

How Treasury Bills Work

Essentially, when an individual buys a T-bill, they are lending money to the U.S. government. In general, T-bills are considered very low risk, since they are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, which has never defaulted on its debts.

T-bills are sold at a discount to their par, or face value. They are essentially zero-coupon bonds. They don’t pay interest, unlike other types of Treasuries (and coupon bonds); rather the difference between the discount price and the face value is like an interest payment.

T-Bill Purchase Example

While all securities have a face value, also known as the par value, typically investors purchase Treasury bills at a discount to par. Then, when the T-bill matures, investors receive the full face value amount. So, if they purchased a treasury bill for less than it was worth, they would receive a greater amount when it matures.

Recommended: How to Buy Treasury Bills, Bonds, and Notes

T-Bill Maturities

Understanding the maturity date of a T-bill is important. This is the length of time you’ll hold the bill before you redeem it for the full face value. Maturity dates affect the discount rate, with longer maturities generally offering a higher discount/return, but interest rates will influence the discount.

The government issues T-bills at regular auctions, in four-, eight-, 13-, 17-, 26-, and 52-week terms, in increments ranging from $100 to $10 million. The minimum T-bill purchase from TreasuryDirect.gov is $100.

Some investors may create ladders (similar to bond ladders), which allow them to roll their T-bills at maturity into more T-bills. Although T-bill rates are fixed, and because their maturities are so short, they don’t have much sensitivity to interest rate fluctuations.

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How to Purchase T-Bills

You can purchase T-bills at regular government auctions on TreasuryDirect, or on the secondary market, from your brokerage account.

Buying From Treasury Direct

Noncompetitive bids: With a noncompetitive bill, the investor accepts the discount prices that were established at the Treasuries auction, which are an average of the bids submitted.

Since the investor will receive the full value of the T-bill when the term expires, some investors often favor this simple technique of investing in T-bills.

Competitive bid: With a competitive bid, all investors propose the discount rate they are prepared to pay for a given T-bill. The lowest discount rate offers are selected first. If investors don’t propose enough low bids to complete the entire order, the auction will move onto the next lowest bid and so on until the entire order is filled.

Buying and Selling on the Secondary Market

Another option is to purchase or sell T-bills on the secondary market, using a standard brokerage account.

Investors can also trade exchange-traded funds (ETFs) or mutual funds that may include T-bills that were released in the past.

Redemption and Interest Earnings on T-Bills

As noted above, although T-bills are debt instruments and an investor’s loan is repaid “with interest,” T-Bills don’t have a coupon payment the way some bonds do. Rather, investors buy T-bills at a discount, and the difference between the lower purchase price and the higher face value is effectively the interest payment when the T-bill matures.

When a T-bill matures, investors can redeem it for cash at Treasury.gov.

T-bill purchases and redemptions are now fully digital. Paper T-bills are no longer available.

Tax Implications for T-Bill Investors

Gains from all Treasuries, including T-bills, are taxed at the federal level; i.e. they are taxed as income on your federal income tax return.

Treasury gains are exempt from state and local income tax.

Comparing T-Bills to Treasury Notes and Bonds

The U.S. government offers a number of debt instruments, including Treasury Bills, Notes, and Bonds. The difference between them is their maturity dates, which can also affect interest rates and discount rates.

Treasury Notes

Investors can purchase Treasury notes (or T-notes) in quantities of $1,000 and with terms ranging from two to 10 years. Treasury notes pay interest, known as coupon payments, bi-annually.

Treasury Bonds

Out of all Treasury securities, Treasury bonds have the most extended maturity terms: up to 30 years. Like T-notes, Treasury bonds pay interest every six months. And when the bond matures the entire value of the bond is repaid.

Recommended: How to Buy Bonds: A Guide for Beginners

Considerations When Investing in T-Bills

Like any other investments, it’s important to understand how T-bills work, the pros and cons, and how they can fit into your portfolio.

What Influences T-Bill Prices in the Market?

Although any T-bill you buy offers a guaranteed yield at maturity, because T-bills are short-term debt the discount rates (and therefore the yield) can fluctuate depending on a number of factors, including market conditions, interest rates, and inflation.

The Role of Maturity Dates and Market Risk

Generally, the longer the maturity date of the bill, the higher the returns. But if interest rates are predicted to rise over time, that could make existing T-bills less desirable, which could affect their price on the secondary market. It’s possible, then, that an investor could sell a T-bill for lower than what they paid for it.

Federal Reserve Policies and Inflation Concerns

It’s also important to consider the role of the Federal Reserve Bank, which sets the federal funds target rate, for overnight lending between banks. When the fed funds rate is lower, banks have more money to lend, but when it’s higher there’s less money circulating.

Thus the fed funds rate has an impact on the cost of lending across the board, which impacts inflation, purchasing power — and T-bill rates and prices as well. As described, T-bill rates are fixed, so as interest rates rise, the price of T-bills drops because they become less desirable.

By the same token, when the Fed lowers interest rates that tends to favor T-bills. Investors buy up the higher-yield bills, driving up prices on the secondary market.

How Can Investors Decide on Maturity Terms?

Bear in mind that because the maturity terms of T-bills are relatively short — they’re issued with six terms (four, six, 13, 17, 26 and 52 weeks) — it’s possible to redeem the T-bills you buy relatively quickly.

T-bill rates vary according to their maturity, so that will influence which term will work for you.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of T-Bills

Advantages of T-Bills

•   They are a low-risk investment. Since they are backed in the full faith of the U.S. government, there is a slim to none chance of default.

•   They have a low barrier to entry. In other words, investors who don’t have a lot of money to invest can invest a small amount of money while earning a return, starting at $100.

•   They can help diversify a portfolio. Diversifying a portfolio helps investors minimize risk exposure by spreading funds across various investment opportunities of varying risks and potential returns.

Disadvantages of T-Bills

•   Low yield. T-bills provide a lower yield compared to other higher-yield bonds or investments such as stocks. So, for investors looking for higher yields, Treasury bills might not be the way to go.

•   Inflation risk exposure. T-bills are exposed to risks such as inflation. If the inflation rate is 4% and a T-bill has a discount rate of 2%, for example, it wouldn’t make sense to invest in T-bills—the inflation exceeds the return an investor would receive, and they would lose money on the investment.

Using Treasury Bills to Diversify

Investing all of one’s money into one asset class leaves an investor exposed to a higher rate of risk of loss. To mitigate risk, investors may turn to diversification as an investing strategy.

With diversification, investors place their money in an assortment of investments — from stocks and bonds to real estate and alternative investments — rather than placing all of their money in one investment. With more sophisticated diversification, investors can diversify within each asset class and sector to truly ensure all investments are spread out.

For example, to reduce the risk of economic uncertainty that tends to impact stocks, investors may choose to invest in the U.S. Treasury securities, such as mutual funds that carry T-bills, to offset these stocks’ potentially negative performance. Since the U.S. Treasuries tend to perform well in such environments, they may help minimize an investor’s loss from stocks not performing.

The Takeaway

Treasury bills are one investment opportunity in which an investor is basically lending money to the government for the short term. While the return on T-bills may be lower than the typical return on other investments, the risk is also much lower, as the US government backs these bills.

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Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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