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If someone needs to make or receive a payment via check, both cashier’s checks and certified checks can offer a more secure option. That said, there’s an important difference between a certified check and a cashier’s check. With the former, the payer backs the check; with the latter, the bank guarantees it.

What Is a Cashier’s Check?

A cashier’s check is a specific type of check that has a guarantee from a bank or credit union that if the check doesn’t go through, the financial institution will make the payment. This situation can arise if there aren’t sufficient funds in the payer’s account for the check to process. Because of this, cashier’s checks are considered to be the safest form of payment. This type of check is often required when making a major purchase like buying a car or putting a downpayment on a home.

How Do Cashier’s Checks Work?

The way that a cashier’s check works is that the payer requests a cashier’s check at their bank. They then pay the bank the amount they want to provide to the payee and the bank will then cut a check using their own funds.

The bank will list the payee on the check to ensure that the check is used by the person the payer intended it to go to. Cashier’s checks usually clear faster than personal checks issued from someone’s checkbook.

In many cases, the payer needs to be a member of a bank or credit union to request a cashier’s check be generated. A fee is typically involved as well. It can cost $10 to pick up a cashier’s check in person at a bank or $20 to order one online and have it delivered.

What Is a Certified Check?

A certified check is a different type of check that works more like a personal check. With a certified check, the money comes straight from the payer’s checking account. But by certifying the check, the account holder is held responsible if it bounces (unlike with a cashier’s check where the bank is the one on the hook if the check bounces). Because of this, certified checks tend to be more secure than personal checks.

Recommended: How Much Money Do I Need to Open a Checking Account?

How Do Certified Checks Work?

To certify a check, the bank verifies that the account associated with the check has sufficient funds to make the payment. They will also verify the payer’s identity and will add an official bank stamp or watermark to the check.

It’s possible to get a certified check in-person at a bank or online. If a customer has a certain (higher) balance in their account, the bank or credit union may waive the fee associated with the certified check. If they don’t waive the fee, it can cost anywhere from $2 to $15.

Which Check Is Safer?

While both certified checks and cashier’s checks are safer than a personal check, certified checks are a bit more secure. The reason: The bank that backs them won’t default on the payment. That being said, both types of checks are good options for someone paying a large amount of money. They can also be used when transferring or receiving money from a stranger. Most likely, if a situation arises that requires one of these check types, it’s because the payee requested payment be made with a specific type of check. They’re probably seeking a higher level of certainty that the payment will go through.

Differences Between a Cashier’s Check and a Certified Check

Is a cashier’s check the same as a certified check? Simply put, no. There are a few key differences when it comes to certified check vs. cashier check worth understanding.

Source of Funding

Ideally, with either type of check, the funds will come out of the payee’s bank account. However, if a cashier’s check is issued and then can’t be processed because of insufficient funds, the bank will need to fund the amount due. If the check was a certified check, the payer still needs to fund it through their bank account.

Check Signature

A cashier’s check can include bank employee signatures. With a certified check, however, the bank simply verifies the payer’s signature.

Payer of the Check

With both types of checks, the payee is the one paying the check. If, during processing, the check bounces, they will only be held responsible with a certified check. With a cashier’s check, though, the bank that backed the check will then be the one who is required to fund it.

Funds Availability

As briefly noted earlier, with both a cashier’s check and a certified check, the funds available come from the payer’s bank account (it typically uses the checks ordered as part of usual banking). If the check bounces and it’s a certified check, then the bank will need to provide the funding. If it was a certified check, the payer will be responsible for making funds available.

How It Works

With a cashier’s check, the payer requests a cashier’s check at the bank. Then, the payer gives the bank the amount the check will be for. The bank will then cut (or issue) a check using their own funds.

When it comes to certified checks, the bank verifies that the bank account associated with the check has sufficient funds to make the payment. It also verifies the payer’s identity and adds an official bank stamp or watermark to the check. If the check bounces, the payer is held responsible.

Guarantees

A cashier’s check is guaranteed by a financial institution, whereas a certified check is guaranteed by the individual making the payment.

Costs of Checks

A cashier’s check can involve a fee of up to $20; the cost for a certified check can run up to $15.

Safety of Checks

Cashier’s checks come with additional security measures such as bank employee signatures or watermarks. With a certified check, however, the bank simply certifies the money was available when the payer wrote the check and then verifies the payer’s signature.

Avoiding Scams and Fraud

To help avoid scams and other types of bank fraud when writing or receiving a check, here are some best practices to keep in mind.

•   Don’t ever send money back to someone who sent you a check unless you have cashed the check or deposited it and are sure it cleared.

•   If selling something to a stranger online, consider using an escrow or online payment service instead of a check.

•   Never accept a check that is worth more than it was supposed to be.

•   Don’t lose a check with personal banking information on it. (It’s also wise not to let the opposite happen and have a check sitting around too long; checks can expire.)

Alternatives to Cashier’s Checks and Certified Checks

What if a cashier’s check or certified check doesn’t seem like the right fit for you? Don’t worry; there are still other ways you can send money to someone’s account.

Money Orders

When it comes to a certified check or cashier’s check vs. a money order, a money order functions much like a standard check. It can be bought at retail stores, supermarkets, financial institutions, and U.S. post offices. The payer pays for the money order upfront, so there’s no chance of overdrafting like with a check. No bank account is required. At the post office, fees are likely to be less than $2 for a domestic money order of up to $1,000.

P2P Payments

P2P payment services like Cash App, PayPal, Venmo, and Zelle make it easy to send cash for smaller purchases instantaneously. These can be ideal for daily life (for instance, when you owe friends money for dinner). This isn’t the right choice, though, when managing a large payment such as a downpayment on a home.

Money Transfer Services

Money transfer services are a convenient form of electronic payment that involve sending money from one bank to another via the Automated Clearing House (ACH). Among the transactions that work this way are e-checks and direct deposit.

The Takeaway

The main difference between a certified check vs. cashier check is who guarantees the check. In the case of a cashier’s check, the bank guarantees it, but with a certified check the consumer writing the check guarantees it. While cashier’s checks are typically thought to be the safest option, both are quite secure. These are important financial tools when you need a more trustworthy form of payment than a standard check.

Looking for a better way to manage checking, savings, and spending? SoFi can help. Our new online banking app accounts offer better customer experience. When you sign up with direct deposit, your money will grow faster, thanks to our competitive APY, and you won’t pay any account fees.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall. Enjoy up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

Do certified checks clear immediately?

When you deposit a certified check, it doesn’t clear immediately. It typically takes until the next day for the first $5,000 of the deposit to become available.

Can you get scammed with a certified check?

Both certified checks and cashier’s checks are safer than a personal check. Of course, there is still a small chance that fraud may occur. Checks can be faked. It’s wise to always be careful when receiving or making payment via checks, especially for large sums of money.

Is it safe to accept a cashier’s check?

Yes, it is generally safe to accept a cashier’s check. A cashier’s check is much more reliable than a personal check; it is guaranteed by the bank or credit union issuing it.

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SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2023 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.

SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/24/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Photo credit: iStock/Dilok Klaisataporn
SOBK0522016

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Bank accounts won’t live forever if you ignore them for a long time: They go dormant. It’s a rude awakening for some consumers, but a bank or credit union has the right to close a dormant account (an account you have not used for years) without your permission.

The term dormant comes from the French word for sleeping, appropriate for accounts that appear to be at rest. These accounts can also wind up siphoning away the money you left in them, so here are the facts you need to know to protect yourself.

What is a Dormant Account?

Here’s what a dormant account is: It’s a financial account in which there hasn’t been any posted activity for a time period set by the bank or credit union. Activity includes such transactions as deposits, withdrawals, or transfers. FYI, earning interest doesn’t count as a posted activity because it is not initiated by you, the account holder.

The official definition of a dormant bank account varies by state and account type, but it most often happens if an account is inactive for three to five years. As with having a negative bank account balance and letting it sit, an inactive account is not a good sign for your wealth health.

How Does a Dormant Account Work?

These steps change a bank account from active to dormant:

1.    No deposits, withdrawals, or transfers for one year. Some accounts get no love. Perhaps you ignore rainy-day savings while balancing your day-to-day budget and forget about an account. But 12 months with no transactions in an account will set this process in motion. (One of the top benefits of bank account linking on your bank’s website or smartphone app is that you can see all accounts at a glance. This can be a good way to fend off an account going dormant.)

2.    The financial institution flags account as inactive. Nada is happening, not even a deposit, withdrawal, or transfer to pay for a Starbucks latte. The bank takes note and declares it a dormant bank account.

3.    The financial institution starts charging an inactivity fee. Some banks charge zero, but others slap on fees of $5 to $15 per month. Look for these fees on your monthly bank statement.

4.    After beginning one year, there’s no account activity for another two years. The timing varies by state. In California, Connecticut, and Illinois, for example, most bank accounts go dormant after three years. In Delaware, Georgia, and Wisconsin, five years must pass.

5.    The financial institution changes the account from inactive to dormant. The bank will try to contact the account holder (a problem if you moved and didn’t update your address) and allow a certain amount of time for a response.

6.    The financial institution closes the account and sends any leftover funds to the state. This is an automatic legal process called escheatment. But the story is still not officially over. You do have options if your assets have been transferred to the state due to a forgotten or lost bank account.

Types of Accounts That Can Be Considered Dormant

Several different types of bank accounts can fall under the dormant account heading, including checking accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts, certificates of deposit (CDs), and investment accounts. Even safe deposit box holdings can be considered a dormant account if inactive for a number of years.

Worth noting: Your bank account might also be locked, or frozen, because of suspected fraud, unpaid child support, or unpaid bills. These are reasons why you have a frozen bank account, which is different from a dormant one.

What Is Escheatment?

If you have a bank account that is dormant, escheatment will likely occur. Escheatment is the process by which unclaimed assets are automatically transferred by the bank to the state. When this transfer happens, it means you can no longer reclaim your funds from your financial institution. If you want to get them back, you will have to take other steps.

How Can I Reclaim Escheated Funds?

Every state must follow procedures to document the escheatment and is required to allow time for the original owner to come forward. Here is the process to get your money back:

1.    Search a public database such as Unclaimed.org or MissingMoney.com to link to your state’s unclaimed funds. The search should be free of charge. Don’t put your trust in fraudster sites that charge any fee at all, even $1 for a “trial search period.”

2.    If you see your name and property listed, follow the stated procedure to verify ownership. You will need to provide specific documents and of course, identification.

3.    The money will be released to you.

Consequences of Having a Dormant Account

Having an account go dormant can impact your ability to access and use the funds.

•   No withdrawals at ATM or branch

•   No address changes

•   Cannot add or delete joint account holder

•   No online banking transactions

•   No investment transactions

•   No ATM card renewal

•   You might wait months or even years to reclaim escheated funds from the state

•   Risk of fraudsters stealing your escheated funds

Difference Between a Dormant and Frozen Account

A dormant account is a bank or investment account so named after showing no transactions over a period of three to five years.

A frozen account is a bank or investment account that is temporarily locked, meaning you cannot withdraw money or funds. Usually, an account is frozen because you owe money to a creditor or the government. You may need to take steps to remove a hold on your bank account.

Whether dormant or frozen, both situations can cause you financial hardship.

Why Does an Account Go Dormant?

An account goes dormant when the bank does not see any activity in it for three to five years. This can indicate that the account has been abandoned or forgotten.

Keeping Your Account From Going Dormant

To keep your account from going dormant, be sure to use it regularly, even if it’s just to make a transfer or deposit from another of your linked bank accounts a couple of times a year. If you let it sit without any activity, you run the risk of the account going dormant. When an account goes dormant but the funds haven’t been transferred out or your bank account is closed for any other reason, it’s wise to take steps to remedy the situation and either reopen your bank account or officially close it.

The Takeaway

Banks and credit unions take note of accounts that show no transactions for a long period of time. The dormant account process starts with one year of no activity. After three to five years, depending on your state, ends with your money being turned over to the state.

Open a new bank account with SoFi and you will have some good reasons to stay engaged with your accounts. When you check your balance, you’re likely to see your money growing. Here’s why: When you sign up with direct deposit, you’ll earn a terrific APY and pay no account fees. So your money makes more money.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall. Enjoy up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

What happens if my account is dormant?

If your account is deemed dormant due to inactivity for three to five years, your bank will try to notify you before closing it. If you don’t respond in the given period of time, the account will be closed and the money turned over to the state.

How do I reactivate my dormant account?

You can reactivate a dormant account with your bank or credit union between the time it has been declared dormant and the time the funds are turned over to the state. The key is responding promptly to the bank’s communication saying your account will be closed.

How many years is an account dormant for?

After a total of about three to five years “asleep” with no transactions, a bank moves an account to dormant status. The account remains dormant while the bank tries to contact the account holder before turning the funds over to the state.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2023 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.

SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/24/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Photo credit: iStock/AntonioSolano
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If you’ve ever sat down to pay bills only to realize you’ve run out of checks, you may be relieved to know you can use counter checks. Counter checks are temporary checks printed at your bank that can help you make payments in a pinch.

Even in our era of autopay and P2P apps, checks are still a popular way for many to transfer funds.

What Is a Counter Check?

Counter checks, also called temporary or starter checks, are a set of plain, printed checks from your bank that include your account information and the bank’s routing number. They can be used like personal checks. (In terms of how long a check is good for, these are typically valid for six months, like standard checks.)

Counter checks may not have the personalization that a set of pre-printed checks would have. You may need to fill out your personal information normally found at the top left of a check (such as your address) on a set of lines instead.

Typically, you can get counter checks while waiting for your pre-printed checkbook to arrive in the mail. This might occur when you open a new bank account or simply run out of your usual checks. Counter checks can be useful for paying merchants who don’t accept electronic payments, mobile app payments, or debit cards.

How Do Counter Checks Work?

You may get some counter checks when you first open your account; otherwise, you must request them from your bank. Here’s what you’ll do:

1.    Request counter checks from your bank (typically).

2.    Bring and show your ID.

3.    Wait a short time as the bank prints them.

4.    Pay a small fee, usually around $3 for a sheet of three checks.

5.    Use them just as you would a personal check. Just be sure to ask the recipient if they’re willing to accept a counter check before you fill it out. Some merchants are not comfortable accepting these non-standard checks.

When Would Someone Use a Counter Check?

Counter checks are useful in a few situations. If you need to pay someone with a check ASAP and you’re out of personal checks, then a bank counter check may be your best option. Or, if you recently opened a new checking account but haven’t yet received your printed checks in the mail, a counter check can enable you to pay a bill that’s due. Compared with a cashier’s check or a money order (learn more about these options below), they’re usually less expensive, too.

However, there’s an issue to note: Not all merchants, individuals, and organizations will accept a counter check in place of a standard check. Because a counter check does not have as much information printed on it as a typical check, some may reject it, skeptical that it is valid. It’s important to note this when planning to write a counter check. You may want to check first with the intended recipient to make sure it won’t be returned.

How Does a Counter Check Differ From a Cashier’s Check?

A counter check shouldn’t be confused with a cashier’s check. They’re both issued by your bank, but they work very differently. A cashier’s check is a special check that is actually drawn on the bank’s funds vs. your account’s funds.

Here’s a quick comparison of a certified check vs. cashier’s check.

Counter Check	Cashier’s Check
Funds come from your personal account	Funds come from the bank. They are guaranteed by the bank because you pay upfront for the amount on the check (plus a fee)
Not widely accepted	Widely accepted as a very secure form of payment
Printed without the amount of funds specified	Printed with the recipient and amount of funds specified
Written by the consumer	Written by the bank cashier
Fees are around $1 per counter check	Fees are around $10 to $20 per cashier’s check

Tips for Getting a Counter Check

If you know how to order checks, you are probably aware that the process can take a couple of weeks to get personal checks. Getting some temporary counter checks can be faster, but you’ll need to get them from your bank. If you feel you need them urgently, it may be wise to visit a branch in person. Be sure to bring your ID with you. They may be printed on the spot for you.

Writing a Counter Check

Writing a counter check is nearly the same as writing a personal check. The only difference is you may need to fill out some personal information if your bank hasn’t printed it on the check. This generally includes your name and address, though a merchant may also request your driver’s license number when you pay with a counter check.

To write the check, you’ll want to:

1.    Write the date in the upper right hand corner.

2.    In the “Pay to the order of” line, write the name of the recipient of the check.

3.    Write the amount of the transaction in numerical form in the box to the right.

4.    Write out the amount in words (say, “two hundred dollars”) on the line below it.

5.    Include a memo in the bottom left corner, if you like, noting what the check is paying for.

6.    Sign the check in the bottom right corner.

All of these elements are necessary in order for a check to be valid.

Recommended: Signing over checks to someone else

Pros and Cons of Counter Checks

While counter checks can serve as a temporary solution while you wait for your checks to arrive, it’s not a perfect solution. There are some advantages, as well as drawbacks to consider.

Pros of Counter Checks	Cons of Counter Checks
Immediately available	Not universally accepted
Act like a personal check	Fees can be high, as much as $3 per page of checks
	Not numbered
	Often may not have personal information pre-printed on the checks

Recommended: How to determine if a check is real

Alternatives to Counter Checks

You have other options for paying bills if you’re out of checks. Here are a few of the methods available to transfer funds.

•   Online bill pay. A quick and easy way to send payment is to set up online bill pay through your bank. It’s usually free and incredibly convenient. You can add vendors to pay and then automate monthly payments for things like car payments, mortgages, student loans, and more.

   Typically, your bank can pay merchants and organizations electronically, but if there’s a company that doesn’t accept electronic payments, you may have to do online payments manually or mail a check. In some situations, an online bill pay service may be able to write and mail the check for you.

•   Money order. A money order is like a pre-paid check. You’ll pay the amount that you’re sending, plus a fee (typically just a couple or a few dollars), and you get a check issued by a third-party provider. You can often get money orders at a variety of locations, such as the post office, your bank, your grocery store and your favorite retail stores.

•   Cashier’s check. A cashier’s check is a check you can buy from the bank where they guarantee the funds. The bank writes a check to any third party; you, in turn, pay the financial institution the amount of the payment, plus the fee for the cashier’s check (which may be in the range of $20). It’s considered a safe way to make a large payment.

•   Certified check. A certified check is a check you get from your bank that guarantees the funds from your personal account. This kind of check signals to the recipient that the cash has been earmarked from the payer’s personal account. It can add a level of security and comfort for the payee.

•   Mobile app payment services. There are a host of peer-to-peer or P2P payment options that make paying someone very convenient. Some of the most popular apps include Venmo, Cash App, PayPal, Google Pay, Zelle, and others.

•   Pay over the phone. Some merchants will take a payment over the phone. You can provide your bank’s routing number and your account number, and they may be able to process a payment over the phone. You may also be able to use a debit card for payment.

Recommended: How can I cash a check without a bank account?

Banking With SoFi

Counter checks are a useful tool if you run out of your standard checks or have recently opened a new checking account. These checks are quickly available, but they are usually not printed with all of the standard information, and not all merchants and organizations will accept them. Still, they may allow you to pay some pressing bills when other means are not available.

If you are in the market for a convenient and adaptable banking partner, consider SoFi Checking and Savings. We’ll help you bank better. When opened with direct deposit, a SoFi bank account offers no account fees, and you’ll earn a competitive APY.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall. Enjoy up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

Is a counter check the same as a personal check?

A counter check can be equivalent to a personal check, and it may be presented as legal tender like a personal check. The main difference is that a counter check is likely to lack the more detailed identifying information that’s pre-printed on a personal check.

Can I pay someone with a counter check?

Not all merchants take counter checks. Because they look temporary and are typically not numbered, businesses may not accept payment via counter check. If you need to pay bills with a counter check, make sure the recipient is willing to accept it before you fill it out and send it.

How long is a counter check good for?

Like a personal check, a counter check is typically good for around six months.

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Photo credit: iStock/RyanJLane

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2023 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.

SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/24/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Discretionary income is defined as the cash you have available to spend after your necessary payments are covered. Those necessities are typically made up of basic living expenses, such as housing, utilities, food, healthcare, and insurance costs. (In some cases, minimum payments toward debt may be included as well.)

So what does discretionary income equal in daily life? It’s the post-tax money you can put toward things like eating out, entertainment, travel, clothing, electronics, and gym memberships. You might think of discretionary income as paying for the wants in life vs. the needs.

In this guide, you’ll learn more about the definition of discretionary income, read examples of this type of income and how to use it, and understand how to calculate this money in your budget. It can be an important number to know, as you’ll see, especially if you’re repaying student loans.

What Is Discretionary Income?

Discretionary income is the amount of post-tax income that is left over after you have paid for all the essentials of daily life. These expenses include your mortgage or rent, utilities, and car payments or bills, as well as food, healthcare, and occasionally clothing (if it is needed, not just wanted). To phrase it another way, no, a Netflix subscription or your AM latte isn’t a “necessity.”

It’s worth noting that not everyone has discretionary income; some people struggle just to cover the “essentials” when it comes to paying their bills.

•  Gig, seasonal, and part-time workers: The concept of discretionary income can get a little more complicated if you aren’t a person who gets a steady paycheck. If you have a variable income due to the nature of your work (maybe you’re a gig worker or freelancer), you’ll need to make sure you have enough money set aside in savings if you have a shortfall.

If your income dips and you can’t pay for the basics in life, let alone have some discretionary income, that could mean you’ll get hit with overdraft or late fees or wind up with excessive credit card debt to pay off.

•  Discretionary income and savings: Also worth noting (warning, buzzkill ahead): Discretionary income isn’t just to be spent on cool stuff and fun experiences. It’s wise to put a portion of it toward savings. Some people will include debt payments as part of the “necessities” bucket of your budget; others will say that a portion of discretionary income is what goes toward debt.

One key kind of debt to consider in this scenario: student loans. There are four programs for repaying federal educational loans in which your discretionary income can be a factor. It’s vital to make sure you have the right income-driven repayment plan (IDR) that works for your financial situation when it comes to paying down federal student loans.

What if despite your best efforts to pay back your loans, you are still feeling the financial pinch? It’s a common situation as basic bills and student loans conspire to vacuum up all your moolah. Refinancing your student loans to a lower rate can help free up additional discretionary income each month.

7 Examples of Discretionary Income and Expenses

Now that you know what discretionary income is, it’s worth mentioning that the phrase is sometimes used interchangeably with discretionary expenses. To be clear, discretionary income is what is spent on discretionary expenses.

And what are discretionary expense examples? Here are several:

1. Entertainment and Eating Out

This category includes such expenses as dining out, getting drinks, splurge-y takeout food (pizza delivery, we’re looking at you!), and fancy coffees. In terms of entertainment, the following would be considered discretionary: Concert, play, and movie tickets; museum admission; books, magazines, and streaming services; and similar costs.

2. Vacations and Travel

Taking a vacation, whether you go to the other side of the planet or an hour’s drive away, is not a necessity, despite how you may feel about it.

3. Luxury Items

These expenses could be anything from a pricey sportscar to designer clothes to jewelry to wine. While clothing and a car may be necessities in life, when you pay extra for top-notch prestige brands, you enter the realm of discretionary expenses.

4. Memberships and Hobbies

Yes, joining a gym or taking up a musical instrument are admirable things. But they are not vital to your survival. For this reason, things like yoga or Pilates classes, crafting supplies, and similar expenses are considered discretionary.

5. Personal Care

A basic haircut or bottle of shampoo may not be discretionary, but pricey blowouts, manicures, massages, skincare items, and the like are.

6. Upgrading Items

If your current phone is functional but you get the latest one, that’s a discretionary expense. The same holds true for being bored with your couch and getting a new one or remodeling your bathroom just because.

7. Gifts

Of course you want to show you care for your loved ones. But buying presents for others isn’t vital to survival, so this should be earmarked as a discretionary expense.

Recommended: How to Save on Streaming Services

Income vs Disposable Income

If you are wondering how income vs. disposable income stacks up, here’s the difference. Income refers to all the funds you have coming in, whether from your salary, any side hustles, interest or dividends, and other sources.

Disposable income, however, is what is left of your post-tax money after you have paid for your necessities, as described above. If, say, you follow the popular 50/30/20 budget rule, 50% of your money goes toward needs (necessities), 30% would go toward wants (discretionary expenses), and 20% toward saving. Together, those account for all of your after-tax money, aka your disposable income.

How Is Discretionary Income Used?

Discretionary income can be used for a number of fun things, from buying the latest mobile phone to taking a pal out for their birthday to spending a day at a theme park with the kids. You could also use discretionary income to make a future dream come true. You could, say, contribute to a fund for your next vacation or the down payment on a house. Another way to allocate discretionary income is to use it for home improvement projects, especially ones that could increase the value of your home. Heck, you could even save it in your bank account, plain and simple, if you wanted.

Also, it’s wise to recognize the fact that some people may need to use their discretionary money for an income-based repayment plan to pay down student loan debt. There may not be a lot of wiggle room there. Others must put this money toward paying down their credit card bills; those high-interest debts can grow over time and do damage to your credit score.

(One tip for those who get paid every other week: When you get an “extra” paycheck that doesn’t need to go to bills, consider it discretionary income that you could put toward an extra payment on debts or to toss into savings.)

How to Calculate Discretionary Income

One way to calculate your discretionary income is to calculate your take-home pay each month and subtract your “fixed” or “necessary expenses” from that. The money you have left over is your discretionary income which can be used for the kinds of expenses we highlighted above.

What if, when you tally your discretionary income, you wound up with a negative number? This means you do not have any earnings left over to address discretionary expenses. In this situation, it’s important to keep spending under control and look for ways to free up funds.

One other angle to consider about this topic: If you have student loans to pay off, discretionary income can be used for an income-based repayment plan.The federal government offers income-based plans, and each one has its own discretionary income requirements.

These programs often put your student loan payments notably under what you might otherwise pay. Some of the factors taken into consideration are income and family size; you also must meet certain requirements to qualify for these repayment plans. You can see how the options stack up by plugging your details into the federal government’s loan simulator tool.

What Is A Good Amount of Discretionary Income?

When you’re considering how much discretionary income you should have, you might want to consult a discretionary income calculator. Many options for these calculators are available online.

Hopefully you have some money left each month after you’ve paid your basic living expenses. As you look at your overall budget and discretionary income, you might benefit from exploring the 50/30/20 rule, as noted above.

As you think about discretionary income and related concepts, you’ll probably realize how important it is to have a budget; this will inform where your money has to go as well as what’s left after those bills have been paid. It will help keep you on track for your discretionary income, reining in excessive spending and guiding you toward saving well and staying out of debt. There are a variety of different budget methods; try a couple and see which works best for you.

Discretionary vs. Disposable Income

The phrases “discretionary income” and “disposable income” might be used interchangeably in conversations among your friends, but — sorry — that’s not necessarily correct.

•  Disposable income is how much money you have left from your earnings after tax withholdings are taken out but before deductions are also removed. That’s likely going to be a much higher number than your discretionary income.

•  Discretionary income is the amount left after your taxes and deductions (like health insurance, retirement contributions, etc.) are taken out, and then you’ve paid all of your essential living expenses (home, utilities, food, car).

It’s important to be aware that these definitions may be used differently in some circumstances, like if a court is going to garnish your wages or back-owed tax payments during a bankruptcy consideration. These are distressing circumstances, yes, but they happen every day to regular people, so it’s good to have the vocabulary down if you ever face these situations.

Get Ready to Bank Better with SoFi

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall. Enjoy up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

What is the meaning of discretionary income?

Discretionary income is defined as the cash you have available to spend after your taxes are deducted and necessary payments are covered.

What is an example of discretionary income?

Here’s an example of discretionary income: If your post-tax earnings were $100K and you spent $50K on necessities and $20K went into your retirement savings, the remaining $30K would be discretionary income.

What is the difference between discretionary and disposable income?

Discretionary income is the money that you spend on non-essential items, or the wants in your life vs. needs. Disposable income, however, is your total after-tax income.

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Photo credit: iStock/Gearstd

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2023 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.

SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/24/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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If you’re wondering how your financial health is tracking, you may want to figure out your net worth and your liquid net worth. These two numbers reflect what your assets (what you have) vs. what you owe, helping you see how your personal wealth is evolving.

While totaling up your net worth offers a more big-picture view of your total assets with your total liabilities subtracted, liquid net worth is a slice of that. It focuses on solely the amount you own in liquid assets minus your total liabilities.

This reflects how much cash you truly have access to or could quickly raise if for some reason you needed to.

Here’s a guide to determining your liquid net worth and ways to improve it.

What Is Liquid Net Worth?

First, know that net worth is the amount of assets you have minus your liabilities, or what you owe. When it comes to income vs. net worth, you see that your worth is more than just what you earn; it’s also what you keep and how you invest and grow your money.

For instance, if you have a high income but spend it all because your cost of living is very high, your net worth could be very low despite your healthy salary.

Now, what is liquid net worth’s meaning? That’s the same calculation as net worth, but only looking at assets that could easily be tapped. So, you would exclude the value of, say, the home you are living in or your retirement accounts which you can’t touch until decades from now.

Liquid net worth reflects assets you could draw upon right now if you had to, without putting your home on the market or pulling money out of an IRA. Net worth vs. liquid net worth, on the other hand, represents all your assets, whether easily tapped or not.

What Counts for Liquid Net Worth Calculations?

Here are some assets that can count when calculating liquid net worth:

•   Cash

•   Money in a checking account

•   Money in a savings, CD, or money market account

•   Mutual funds, stocks, and bonds

•   Possibly jewelry and watches that could be quickly sold, if need be.

Typically, you do not include real estate or retirement savings when calculating liquid net worth as these can’t be cashed in on the spot if that was your goal.

Net Worth vs Liquid Net Worth

As briefly mentioned above, your total net worth includes all of your assets (what you own) and liabilities (what you owe). When you determine your net worth, you add up all your assets, including non-liquid assets, such as your house, car, and retirement accounts, and then subtract all of your liabilities. The resulting number is your total net worth.

•   Your liquid net worth is the amount of money you have in cash or cash equivalents (assets that can be easily converted into cash) after you’ve deducted all of your liabilities.

It’s very similar to net worth, except that it doesn’t account for non-liquid assets such as real estate or retirement accounts.

•   Your total net worth gives you a picture of your overall financial strength and balance sheet, while liquid net worth shows how much money you have available that is quickly accessible in case of emergency or other financial hardship.

•   Both measures of net worth can give you a useful snapshot of your financial wellness, since they consider both assets and debts. Looking at your assets without considering your debts can give you a false picture of your financial situation.

•   Knowing and tracking these numbers can also tell you if you are moving in the right or wrong financial direction. If your net worth or liquid net worth is in negative territory or the numbers are declining over time, it can be a sign you need to make some changes and/or may want to put off making a major purchase such as a home or a car.

Why Liquid Net Worth Matters

Your liquid net worth is a measure of your ability to weather a financial storm. Imagine you need money for something important — a major home or car repair, a trip to the ER, or getting laid off and deciding to start a new business.

You need it now… or, at least, within the next few weeks or months. Where are you going to get the money?

You might not want to look at cashing in things like your home, your car, your retirement savings, your baseball card collection, or Grandma’s wedding ring unless it’s absolutely necessary.

Those kinds of assets can be difficult to convert to cash in a hurry — and there could be consequences if you did decide to go that route.

Instead, it may be easier to tap your more liquid assets, such as cash from a checking, savings, or money market account, or cash equivalents, like stocks and bonds, mutual funds, or money market funds.

Liquid net worth is often considered a true measure of how financially stable you are because it tells you what you can rely on to cover expenses. In addition, your liquid net worth acts as an overall emergency fund.

Calculating Your Liquid Net Worth

The difference in calculating net worth and liquid net worth is understanding which of your financial assets are liquid assets.

Liquid assets are cash and assets that could be converted to cash quickly. The following are considered liquid assets.

•   Cash: This includes the money that is in your wallet, as well as the cash you have in any savings, checking, and money market accounts.

•   Stocks: Any equity in a brokerage account, such as stocks, index funds, mutual funds, and ETFs, is considered a liquid asset. While you might have to pay taxes and other fees if you sell equities to convert to cash, you could liquidate these assets fairly quickly.

•   Bonds: Like equities, any bonds or bond funds are also liquid assets. Again, you may have to pay taxes on your profits when you sell, but the translation is relatively quick.

Non-liquid assets include anything that cannot be converted to cash quickly or for their full value, such as:

•   Retirement accounts, such as 401(k)s and IRAs.

•   A house or other real estate holding (which could take a while to sell and the actual sales price is not known).

•   Cars (while you may be able to liquidate a car relatively quickly, cars generally don’t hold their original value; they depreciate).

Liquid Net Worth Formula

For a liquid net worth calculation, here are the steps to follow:

•   List all of your liquid assets: The cash and cash equivalents you could easily and quickly get your hands on if you need money.

•   Next, list your current liabilities, including credit card debt, student loan balance, unsecured loans, medical debt, a car loan, and any other debt.

•   Subtract your liabilities from your liquid assets. The result is your liquid net worth.

4 Tips for Improving Liquid Net Worth

If your liquid net worth is too low to cover at least three to six months’ worth of living expenses or is in negative territory, you may want to take some steps to bolster this number. Here are some strategies that can help boost liquid net worth.

1. Building an Emergency Fund

If you don’t already have a solid contingency fund set aside in a liquid account, you may want to start building one. Having enough cash on hand to cover three to six months’ worth of expenses can be a great place to start building your liquid net worth.

An emergency fund can help keep you from getting behind on your bills and running up high interest credit card debt in the event of an unexpected expense, job loss, or reduction in work hours.

It’s fine to build towards this slowly. Automating your savings to deposit, say, $25 per paycheck into an emergency fund can be a good starting point if money is tight.

2. Reducing Expenses

For every dollar you save each month, you are potentially increasing your liquid net worth by that amount. One way to cut spending is to take a close look at your monthly expenses and to then try to find places where you may be able to cut back, such as saving on streaming services, lowering your food bills, or shopping around for a better deal on home and car insurance.

3. Lowering High-Interest Debt

Debts add to your liabilities and therefore lower your liquid net worth. Expensive debt also increases your monthly expenses in the form of interest. This gives you less money to put in the bank each month, making it harder to build your liquid net worth.

If you’re carrying credit card debt, you may want to start a debt reduction plan (such as the “debt snowball” or “debt avalanche” method) to get it paid down faster.

4. Increasing Investments

Investing money in the market for long-term savings goals, such as a child’s education, can increase your liquid net worth. While there is risk involved, you’ll have more time to ride out the ups and downs of the securities markets when saving for the longer term.

Recommended: Average Net Worth by Age

The Takeaway

Liquid net worth is the amount of money you have in cash or cash equivalents after you’ve deducted your liabilities from your liquid assets. It doesn’t account for non-liquid assets, such as real estate or retirement accounts.

Your liquid net worth can be a valuable measure of your financial health and stability because it shows how prepared you are to handle a change in plans, an unexpected expense, or a true emergency.

One easy way to boost your liquid net worth is to start building an emergency fund. If you’re looking for a good place to start saving, you may want to consider opening a high-interest bank account.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall. Enjoy up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

Does a 401(k) count as liquid net worth?

When calculating liquid net worth, you typically do not include retirement accounts nor real estate. Liquid net worth’s meaning involves assets you can quickly tap without paying a large penalty.

How do you calculate liquid net worth?

To calculate your liquid net worth, add up your liquid assets (cash, money in the bank, stocks, bonds, and the like) and subtract your liabilities (credit card debt, student loans, car loan, etc.). When adding up your assets, do not include real estate or retirement accounts.

What is the average liquid net worth by age?

Figures for average liquid net worth are hard to come by. Rather, total net worth is what is typically tracked, which was recently found to be approximately $76,300 for those under age 35, $436,200 for those 35 to 44; $833,200 for those 45 to 54, and $1,175,900 for those 55 yo 64. It may be helpful to also consider the media values for these age brackets, which are significantly lower than the average.

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SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.

SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/24/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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