Understanding the Simple Deposit Multiplier

Understanding the Simple Deposit Multiplier

Banking can be a complex thing, but understanding what’s known as the simple deposit multiplier doesn’t have to be. The simple deposit multiplier is the multiple by which a bank can lend out funds based on the reserve requirements. It ensures the bank maintains the minimum amount of money on hand to keep bank operations up and running. It also gives the bank the opportunity to boost the economy.

But that’s not all you need to know to understand this concept. Learn the details and practical insights you need here, including:

•   What is a deposit multiplier?

•   How does a deposit multiplier work?

•   What are real life examples of a deposit multiplier?

•   What’s a deposit multiplier vs. money multiplier?

What Is a Deposit Multiplier?

Also called the deposit expansion multiplier or simple deposit multiplier, a deposit multiplier is the maximum amount of money banks can create based on reserved units. To put it another way, it’s the multiple that banks use to know how much they can lend out vs. money kept on hand according to the existing reserve requirement. The deposit multiplier is typically a percentage of the amount deposited at a bank.

Why does the deposit multiplier concept matter? It plays a key role in the fractional reserve banking system, or FRB. This system involves the stipulation that banks must keep a certain amount of money on hand in reserves to conduct their day-to-day business. More specifically, the U.S. central bank, the Federal Reserve, mandates that banks hold a certain amount of money, known as required reserves, to make sure there is enough month for withdrawals from depositors. Any excess money that remains after the bank fulfills its daily operations can be loaned to borrowers (say, for mortgages). The amount that can be used for loans is determined by the deposit multiplier.

By accepting deposits and then making loans, banks have the ability to increase and decrease the money supply. When a financial institution lends out money in excess of its required reserves to businesses and consumers, it can amplify the money supply. That’s why the deposit multiplier metric matters; it’s a key way that the Federal Reserve and central banks can control the money supply as part of an overall monetary policy.

Recommended: How Long Does It Take For a Direct Deposit to Go Through?

How Does a Deposit Multiplier Work?

Here’s how a deposit multiplier works: When the account holder puts money in any of the different kinds of deposit accounts offered, the bank holds a percentage of it. This percentage is called the reserve requirement, which is set by the Federal Reserve. It helps ensure that the bank keeps an adequate amount of cash reserves available to meet the needs of withdrawal requests.

Keeping money accessible on demand can be critical. This protects against people trying to withdraw cash in keeping with fund availability rules and finding that their money is unavailable, which could be a deeply problematic and distressing experience.

A deposit multiplier is the multiple that allows banks to lend out money that’s deposited in the bank. This is the maximum amount of money the bank can lend out according to the value of its reserves. It is typically expressed as a percentage. You’ll learn more about that in a moment.

Recommended: How to Set Up Direct Deposit

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Real Life Examples of a Deposit Multiplier

To understand a deposit multiplier, it’s wise to understand a few basic banking concepts. For banks, deposits are liabilities, because it is money owned by the account holder, and loans are assets for banks, because that money belongs to the financial institution and must be repaid. Banks also have reserves, which are deposits in the bank or in the Federal Reserve. Reserves are cash available to the bank. There is also an amount the bank must keep on hand, known as required reserves. Excess reserves is the term used to describe when the bank has more reserves than is required; these funds can in turn be lent out.

Now, if someone makes a $1,000 deposit, the bank’s liabilities and reserves would increase by $1,000. If the required reserve ratio is 10%, that means must keep $100 on hold and available, but the other 90%, or $900, may be lent. This allows the bank to expand the economy and profit.

To see how the simple deposit multiplier works, let’s consider an example in which a deposit of $10,000 was made and the required reserve ratio is 5%, meaning $500 has to stay on hand.

The deposit multiplier formula is: 1 / reserve ratio.

So with a required reserve ratio of 20%, the deposit multiplier is five. So for every dollar in the bank’s reserves, the financial institution can boost the money supply by up to $5. If the reserve ratio was 5%, the deposit multiplier would be 20, and the bank could build the money supply by $20 for each dollar held in reserve. As you see, the lower the reserve ratio is, the higher the deposit multiplier is and the more it can lend out.

Recommended: Benefits of Using Mobile Deposit

How Do You Find the Simple Deposit Multiplier?

The simple deposit multiplier is a ratio between bank reserves and bank deposits. It’s important for maintaining the money supply of the economy and the banking system.

As noted above, this figure is calculated by dividing 1 by the required reserve ratio. For example, if the required reserve ratio is 10%, this means the deposit multiplier is 10. For banks, this means that for every $10 deposited, a total of $1 must be kept in reserves, and the bank can increase the money supply by $10 for each dollar it’s holding.

Deposit Multiplier and the Economy

The Federal Reserve, which is the U.S. central bank, uses the deposit multiplier as one of its monetary tools to control the supply of money in the economy. Usually the money that is deposited in a bank is unlikely to stay in the bank. The money that a consumer deposits in a bank is lent out to another consumer in the form of a loan. The deposit multiplier measures this change in checkable deposits as bank reserves change.

Banks are creating money by expanding the amount of reserves into a larger amount of deposits. If the bank decides to keep a small amount of deposits as reserves that means more money is sent to other banks and more deposits are created at these other banks. If a bank decides to keep a larger sum of deposits as reserves, that means less money or new deposits are made in other banks or circulated among consumers.

When money is loaned out to a consumer, at some point that loan will be repaid and deposited back into the banking system. If there is a required reserve ratio of 10%, then 10% of that new deposit will remain in the bank and the rest can be loaned out into the economy. This cycle fuels economic growth, not to mention profit for the bank.

Recommended: How to Deposit Cash in an ATM

Deposit Multiplier vs Money Multiplier

While these two terms sound quite similar and are closely connected, they are not quite interchangeable. Consider the differences between a deposit multiplier vs. money multiplier.

•   The deposit multiplier is the maximum amount of money banks can create by lending funds. Some deposited money must remain on hand according to the required reserve ratio, but the rest can be used to grow the economy as indicated by this figure. The deposit multiplier is calculated as one divided by the reserve ratio.

•   The money multiplier is the increase in the bank’s money supply. It measures the change in money supply created through bank lending and is usually lower than the deposit multiplier since banks don’t lend all of their reserves.

The Takeaway

The deposit multiplier is a tool used by financial institutions. It expresses the maximum amount of money a bank can create based on its cash held in reserves. The figure is calculated as one divided by the required reserve ratio; the lower the reserve ratio is, the higher the deposit multiplier is and the more a bank can lend out. The deposit multiplier can help to optimize an economy’s money supply, which is why this metric is used by central banks all over the world.

If you are a personal banking client, you probably aren’t too focused on the deposit multiplier. You likely want convenience, high interest rates, and low fees. If so, come check out how good banking with SoFi can be. Open Checking and Savings with direct deposit, and you’ll earn a terrific APY, pay no account fees, and have access to the Allpoint network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs. Plus, since we’re an online bank, we’re here for you 24/7.

Better banking is here with up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

How do you use a deposit multiplier?

The deposit multiplier is used to determine the amount of money that can be created with the funds in a bank’s money supply.

How are deposit levels calculated?

In banking, the loan-to-deposit ratio (LDR) is calculated by dividing the bank’s total amount of loans but the sum of deposits over a specific time period. Loans are considered assets, by the way, since the money is the bank’s, while deposits are deemed liabilities, since they belong to the account holder.

What is the formula for a simple deposit multiplier?

To find the deposit multiplier, you divide one by the required reserve ratio. So if the reserve ratio is 5%, the deposit multiplier is 20. If the reserve ratio is 10%, the deposit multiplier is 10.


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SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.

SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/24/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at http://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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What Is Web 3.0?

What Is Web 3.0?

Web 3.0, sometimes called Web3 or Web 3, is an umbrella term for the next phase of the internet and world wide web. Web 3.0 is still in its early stages, and there is much debate about what it is. Some say that Web 3.0 is the next stage of the internet that may change society. Others say that Web 3.0 is simply a marketing term used to describe the latest trends in web development, such as the rise of social media, mobile applications, and cloud computing.

However, it’s not debatable to say that money is pouring into Web 3.0. Whatever Web 3.0 is, it’s becoming an important area for investments. As such, it’s wise to learn more about what Web 3.0 is and how you can invest in this space.

Web 3.0 Definition

Web 3.0 is the name for the next iteration of the web, where blockchain technology will allow users to interact with the web in a more secure and personal way. Rather than be run in a top-down, centralized way by large corporations, Web 3.0 will theoretically be decentralized and run on a bottom-up basis, with users as the focus.

Relatively new technologies, like cryptocurrencies and blockchain, make the vision of Web 3.0 possible. These new technologies also include the semantic web, an idea of the future internet where information is more easily accessible and understandable by computers because of artificial intelligence.

Nonetheless, everyone has a different definition of what Web 3.0 is and what it could be. Web 3.0 is still in its early stages, but proponents claim that it has the potential to change the way we use the internet.

💡 Looking for more Web 3.0 info? Check out our Web 3.0 guide for beginners.

History of the Web

The history of the web can be traced back to 1989 when Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web (often shortened to “the web”) as a way for users to share information through the internet easily.

Web 1.0

Berners-Lee’s creation of the World Wide Web kicked off the first generation of the web, now known as Web 1.0. This early phase of the web, which existed in the 1990s and early 2000s, primarily focused on providing information to users through static web pages connected by hyperlinks.

Users of Web 1.0 were essentially consumers of content on these static web pages, often accessed through portals like America Online (AOL) and CompuServe. Sometimes called the “read” internet, users could only view and download content in the early stages of the web; users didn’t have much interactivity with what they were reading and viewing.

However, the code that the web was built on was often open source, so computer programmers could go under the hood and figure out how things work. This crucial factor allowed tech-savvy programmers to build upon existing technologies to create the next generation of the web.

Web 2.0

The next phase of the web, Web 2.0, began in the early to mid-2000s. This period ushered in an era of more dynamic and interactive internet experiences, like social networks and user-generated content.

Platforms like MySpace, Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube allowed users to not only passively consume content but actively participate in the web by creating and sharing content with others.

However, one criticism of this period is that the companies that benefited from Web 2.0 technologies, like Facebook (now known as Meta) and Alphabet (parent company of Google and YouTube), controlled user data in highly centralized databases. They were able to monetize the dynamic internet of Web 2.0 to become some of the world’s largest and most influential companies.

Web 3.0

Web 3.0 represents the latest stage of the web, replacing the need for large corporations to run the web in a highly centralized way. Proponents of Web 3.0 claim that, by using distributed ledger technology and artificial intelligence, technologists can create a decentralized web that still allows for the dynamic and interactive experiences of Web 2.0. Web 3.0 may enable users to control their data and content without risking privacy or relying on intermediaries.

Unique Features of Web 3.0

Because Web 3.0 is in its infancy, there is no standard definition of what it is or what it could be in the future. However, Web 3.0 has several unique features that make it different from previous generations of the web.

Decentralization

A critical feature of Web 3.0 is decentralization, meaning that no one entity will theoretically control all data and content. Instead, data will be stored across multiple locations simultaneously, rather than in a centralized database or server. Decentralization will help users maintain ownership of data and content.

Ubiquitousness

We currently access the internet primarily through smartphones and computers, limiting how often we connect with the web. With Web 3.0, users may be able to access internet content anywhere at any time due to an increasing number of connected devices. We will experience this ubiquity mainly due to the Internet of Things (IoT), where everyday devices — like refrigerators and thermostats — are connected to the web.

Blockchain Technology

Decentralization of data will be enabled by blockchain technology. With blockchains, the data and connection across services are distributed differently from the centralized database infrastructure currently in use. Blockchain can also allow an immutable ledger of transactions and activity, helping to provide verifiable authenticity within Web 3.0.

Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence and its offshoots — machine learning and natural language processing — will enable computers to understand and process information similarly to humans. This allows for more personalized and tailored experiences for users in Web 3.0. Additionally, artificial intelligence can help to automate tasks and processes, making it easier for users to get what they need from the web.

Web 3.0 Uses

Developers are increasingly using blockchain technology and artificial intelligence for several Web 3.0 applications that may change how we use the internet.

DeFi

DeFi (Decentralized Finance) is a blanket term referring to trustless and transparent financial protocols that don’t require intermediaries to operate. Traditionally, financial services and products have relied on centralized authorities such as banks, brokerages, and clearinghouses. DeFi has shifted this power dynamic, providing the same financial services without a central authority, thus reducing fees and making financial services and products more accessible to more people everywhere. DeFi can operate without centralized management because of blockchain technology.

DAOs

DAOs, or decentralized autonomous organizations, are a type of organizational structure built with blockchain technology. DAOs are run by their members, usually with crypto tokens providing voting rights like how stock gives shareholders power in a traditional corporation. DAOs may become the organizing entities for Web 3.0 services, providing some structure and governance in a decentralized approach.

dApps

A dApp (decentralized application) is, for the most part, similar to any other software application you may use today. What makes dApps different is how they function behind the scenes, with the app being powered by transactions taking place on a decentralized network rather than a centralized server. Most of the backend programming happens on a blockchain.

Metaverse

The metaverse refers to digital and virtual worlds where people can collaborate, socialize, shop, and even work and learn in 3D spaces. The metaverse may lead to a more immersive way of experiencing life on the internet.

Many of the experiences on the metaverse will involve various Web 3.0 applications. For example, if you try to buy a house in the metaverse, you may take out a mortgage through a DeFi lender.

💡 Interested in other metaverse investments? Learn how to start investing in the metaverse.

Pros and Cons of Web 3.0

There are many potential advantages of Web 3.0 compared to the current state of the web and the internet. For example, it could lead to a more personalized and interactive internet experience, especially in the metaverse, where users can connect more meaningfully. It could also lead to a more efficient, private, and effective way of sharing information and conducting business online due to DeFi and DAOs.

However, there are also some potential disadvantages of Web 3.0, especially considering that it is in its infancy and there is a lot we don’t know about how it will achieve its proponents’ lofty ambitions. For example, it could lead to a more fragmented internet, where users are less likely to see the same information or have the same experience as others. It could also lead to a more complex and challenging user experience on the internet, as the range of features, devices, and available applications increases.

Only time will tell whether Web 3.0 is a positive or negative development for the internet. However, it has the potential to revolutionize the way we use the internet and the way we interact with each other online.

Investment Opportunities for Web 3.0

Many people want to get at the forefront of Web 3.0 because of its novelty. This includes investors; many venture capitalists and individual investors have been getting involved in the space, hoping to profit from the rise of new technologies.

If you’re interested in investing in Web 3.0, there are several ways you can go about it:

•   Crypto: A common way investors can invest in Web 3.0 technologies is through cryptocurrencies, specifically crypto tokens of Web 3.0 projects.

•   NFTs: NFTs, or non-fungible tokens, are unique crypto assets that play a role in Web 3.0. NFTs can be used to show proof of ownership in the metaverse or as avatars in the metaverse.

•   Stocks: You can invest in the stocks of publicly-traded companies that are developing or using Web 3.0 technologies, like Alphabet, Block, Meta Platforms, Microsoft, and Roblox.

•   Exchange-traded funds: Investors can invest their money in a growing number of ETFs focused on Web 3.0 and related strategies.

The Takeaway

You’ll likely keep hearing about Web 3.0 in the coming years. And though we don’t know exactly how the use cases for Web 3.0 will shape up, it’s still important to be informed of this significant technological development.


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Crypto: Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies aren’t endorsed or guaranteed by any government, are volatile, and involve a high degree of risk. Consumer protection and securities laws don’t regulate cryptocurrencies to the same degree as traditional brokerage and investment products. Research and knowledge are essential prerequisites before engaging with any cryptocurrency. US regulators, including FINRA , the SEC , and the CFPB , have issued public advisories concerning digital asset risk. Cryptocurrency purchases should not be made with funds drawn from financial products including student loans, personal loans, mortgage refinancing, savings, retirement funds or traditional investments. Limitations apply to trading certain crypto assets and may not be available to residents of all states.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Online Banking vs. Traditional Banking: What's Your Best Option?

Online Banking vs Traditional Banking: What’s Your Best Option?

Deciding between an online and a traditional bank? First, let it be known that no two people’s banking styles are exactly the same. For every person who loves popping into their local branch and chatting with their favorite teller, there’s someone else who avoids bank branches at all costs, preferring to seamlessly swipe their way through financial transactions on their mobile phone.

Traditional vs. online banks also have other important distinctions, including the dollars-and-cents bottom line. Their typical fees charged and interest rates paid differ as well.

So how can you decide which kind of financial institution best suits your needs? Read on to get the intel you need, including:

•   The differences between traditional and online banking

•   How online banking vs. traditional banking works

•   The advantages of online banking

•   How to open an online bank account

Differences Between Online and Traditional Banking

Online and traditional banking both typically offer reliable ways to manage your money, but they do differ considerably in several ways. First, a little lesson in what they are:

•   Traditional banks are ones that have branches you can visit, have ATMs, and often have a website and app for conducting some business digitally. They tend to charge account fees and offer interest rates that may be lower than online banks.

•   Online banks offer many (most, even) of the same services as traditional banks, but they don’t have a footprint in the physical world. You won’t be able to visit a branch or use their branded ATMs (though they may partner with an ATM network or refund your fees). The lack of branches usually allows them to charge lower or no fees and pay depositors a higher interest rate.

Now, here’s a closer look at some key points of differentiation:

Security

If you keep your money at a traditional bank and visit a branch, you likely feel reassured by the presence of security guards and perhaps a glimpse of a massive vault inside. You might wonder if online banking is as secure as a bricks-and-mortar bank. If you use a strong password and avoid conducting online banking with a public WiFi connection or on a public computer, you are following good advice for keeping your account safe. While there are no 100% guarantees, your money should be well protected.

What’s more, both online and traditional banks abide by the same federal regulations. This means that if your financial institution is insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, you are covered in the event of a bank failure up to $250,000 per depositor, per account type. Want to be sure of that safety net? You can use the FDIC BankFind to make sure your online bank is FDIC-insured.

Bank Fees and Interest Rates

As briefly noted above, online banks typically save big on real estate and staffing costs and pass that along to their customers. Many charge no or low fees. Which may be a very big deal: According to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Americans pay more than $15 billion a year on bank overdraft fees, which are usually $30 to $35 a pop.

Online banks also likely offer higher interest rates on saving accounts and may offer interest on checking, too. For instance, at press time, SoFi was offering 1.80% APY on savings, while Chase offered 0.01%. That’s quite a noticeable gap. So if you don’t use traditional banking services, you can probably save money and earn more interest with online banking.

24/7 Banking

A few years ago, online banks tended to have the advantage here, providing services around the clock. Traditional banks, which may only be open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday, have been working hard to close the gap and offer services (from check deposits to money transfers) via their website or app at all hours.

Still, online banks may have the edge in terms of 24/7 support, since they have offered this kind of service from the get-go. Making mobile deposits or switching up your password at 2 a.m. is no problem for them, and if you hit a speed-bump, you can likely chat or phone your way to help.

ATMs

If you’re an account holder at a large traditional bank, you’ll probably have a good number of conveniently located ATMs that you can access without a fee. However, those who bank at a smaller, local or regional institution may have fewer options. They may have to make a special trip to get to their bank’s ATM or otherwise pay an out-of-network fee.

How about online banking and ATMs? Digital banks don’t have branches, so how can they have cash machines, you might wonder. The answer is: They don’t. Instead, they usually have work-arounds in this situation. Most online banks partner with a large cash-machine network that you can use for free for withdrawals or for depositing cash at an ATM. Or they may have an arrangement that refunds you for any bank fees you incur using an ATM. Online banks tend to work hard to level the playing field on this front.

Get up to $250 towards your holiday shopping.

Open a SoFi Checking and Savings Account with direct deposit and get up to a $250 cash bonus. Plus, get up to 4.60% APY on your cash!1


How Online Banking Works

If you’ve been used to traditional banking, online banking may seem like a brave new world, and a somewhat intimidating one at that. In truth, however, online banking closely mirrors what happens at a bricks-and-mortar bank, minus the bricks-and-mortar and those free lollipops.

For example, you can open checking and savings accounts, get a debit card, sign up for automatic bill pay, transfer funds, and more. The one challenge can be withdrawing or depositing cash; there’s no teller service, but you may be able to manage cash at a linked ATM (as mentioned above). You may find that the pros of mobile banking and online transactions make up for this inconvenience.

If you typically go into a branch for certain services, such as wire transfers, you’ll likely find you can do them online with a digital bank. And the fact that you can do them on a website or app means the bank isn’t paying the overhead of having a bricks-and-mortar location. So you are probably earning more interest and avoid account management fees than if you kept your money at a traditional bank.

Recommended: How Many Bank Accounts Should I Have?

Advantages of Online Banking Over Traditional Banking

Here’s a side-by-side comparison of how online vs. traditional banking compares.

Feature

Online Banking

Traditional Banking

Interest ratesTypically have considerably higher interest rates since they can pass along their savings on overhead to the customerTend to have lower APYs (annual percentage yields) as they need to cover the costs of their branches and staffing
Bank feesUsually offer no fees or lower fees than traditional banksOften assess monthly account fees, minimum balance fees, overdraft charges, and more
ATMsProbably lack branded ATMs but likely partner with a network for fee-free transactionsTypically have a network of their own ATMs, which may or may not be conveniently located
Customer ServiceUsually offered 24/7 via chat or phoneUsually offered in person during business hours and by chat or phone 24/7
SecurityHigh-level online security and fraud protectionHigh-level online security and fraud protection at large chains

How to Know if Online Banking Is Right for You

Whether you choose to bank online or with a traditional financial institution is a very personal decision. Here are a few of the most important signs that online banks will be a good fit:

•   You prioritize high interest rates and low fees to help your money grow faster.

•   You are comfortable accessing a partner network of ATMs vs. a bank’s own branded machines.

•   You are satisfied with seeking customer service via chat or phone.

•   You are confident managing your money without having a personal banker at your local branch.

•   You are digitally savvy enough to conduct transactions online; you also know not to use public WiFi or computers for banking business or else you’ll risk bank account fraud.

Opening an Online Bank Account

With online banking, you don’t have to wait until Monday morning to open a new account. You can just log on from your couch on a Sunday afternoon to start a new account and otherwise manage your money.

Technology is allowing financial companies to change the entire banking experience and improve it for customers. One of these new ways is by opening an online bank account with SoFi. With our Checking and Savings, you’ll earn an amazing APY and pay no account fees.

Better banking is here with up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

How does online banking work?

Online banking allows you to manage your money without going into a bricks-and-mortar branch. Using the bank’s website and/or app, you can spend, save, transfer funds, and conduct other business.

What are the advantages of online banking over traditional banking?

Online banking can offer several advantages: Some people prefer using a website or app vs. going into a bank branch as often happens with traditional banking. What’s more, online banking usually offers lower fees (or none whatsoever) and higher interest rates than bricks-and-mortar banks.

What is a disadvantage of online banking?

Online banking doesn’t offer the opportunity to build a personal relationship with your banking team. Also, depositing cash can be a challenge.


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SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.

SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/24/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at http://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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What Are Sinking Fund Categories?

What Are Sinking Fund Categories?

Sinking funds are tools that people or businesses can use to set aside money for a planned expense. For instance, you may know that you want to take a vacation next year, so you may start putting cash in an envelope in order to save up for that vacation — that, in effect, is a sinking fund. Sinking fund categories, as such, depend on the expenses relevant to each individual. They can include auto repairs, health care costs, gifts, insurance payments, vacation funds, and more.

You can think of sinking funds as a way of “sinking” your money into an account for later use. It’s basically a savings strategy. We’ll get into it more below.

General Definition of Sinking Funds

The term “sinking fund” has its roots in the world of corporate finance, but mostly refers to the way that an individual would utilize them — for setting aside money or income for a future expense.

Sinking funds are smaller offshoots of an overall budget. Putting together a sinking fund entails stashing money in reserve for the future, knowing what that money will eventually be spent on.

For instance, some people like to pay their car insurance in six-month installments. They may sock money away each month in anticipation of the next six-month installment payment, so that they’re not hit with a big expense all at once.

Their car insurance sinking fund contains the money they need, so they don’t have to scramble to cover the cost every six months.

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Examples of Sinking Funds Categories

When it comes to sinking funds categories, there are no hard and fast rules. Different individuals have different financial needs and planned expenditures. As such, their sinking funds categories are going to vary. That said, some common sinking fund categories are applicable to most individuals. Here are some examples:

•   Vacations

•   Gifts and holiday-related expenses

•   A new vehicle, or regular maintenance and insurance costs

•   A home purchase, or home maintenance expense

•   Medical and dental costs

•   Childcare costs

•   Tuition expenses

•   Pet expenses, such as veterinarian visits

A sinking fund can be helpful in saving for just about anything.

Recommended: How to Set Your Financial Goals

Sinking Fund Category Calculations

Setting up a sinking fund is easy enough: You can stuff cash under your mattress or use a brokerage account as a savings vehicle. The difficulty for most of us comes in regularly contributing to it. But the trickiest part may be figuring out how much you should be contributing.

A budget planner app can come in handy, as you’ll be able to see how much money you have to dole out to your sinking fund categories after your monthly expenses have been taken care of. Similarly, if you stick to a certain budget type — such as the 50-30-20 rule — that may help determine what you can contribute.

To calculate how much you can contribute to a sinking fund, first you’ll need to decide which sinking funds are the most important. Another consideration is which fund will need to be utilized first – perhaps you have an auto insurance payment coming up before a vacation. Priorities and timing both affect your sinking fund calculations.

In corporate finance, there is an actual sinking fund formula that helps a company figure out how much it needs to put away to pay off a long-term debt in a lump-sum, while paying minimum amounts in the meantime. This can apply to individuals, too.

The formula looks at the amount of money already accumulated, multiplies it by any applicable interest, then divides it by the time period remaining on the loan. Using this calculation can tell you the monthly amount needed to be contributed to a sinking fund to reach a debt-payoff goal.

For individuals, however, it can be as simple as looking at your monthly income and dividing extra cash accordingly into your sinking fund categories.

Types of Sinking Funds

How do you save up a sinking fund? There are a few savings vehicles you can utilize.

The most obvious, and probably the simplest, is to keep the sinking fund in cash, and store it somewhere safe. Of course, that money won’t be earning any interest, and will likely lose value on an annual basis due to inflation, but it’s one way to do it.

Perhaps the best and safest option is to open up individual savings accounts at your financial institution for each of your sinking fund categories. This beats cash because your sinking fund is protected (and insured up to $250,000 by the FDIC), and you will earn a little interest on it, too.

You can also invest your sinking fund. Just know that there are risks involved with that. Your investments could lose value, for one, and your savings could end up being worth less than when you initially invested them. There is likely to be fees involved too. Consider speaking to a financial professional before investing money you will need for a planned expense.

Recommended: Money Market Account vs Savings Account

Best Time to Take Advantage of Sinking Funds Categories

Sinking funds are all about using time to your advantage, by saving up for a planned or known expense well ahead of time. As such, the best time to take advantage of them is when that expense finally does arrive, be it a pricey vacation, a new car, or sending a child to college.

There may be times or periods during the year when it’s more advantageous to save than others. For instance, most people experience a financial crunch during the holiday season — there are gifts to buy, parties to attend, and other demands on your income. So that may not be the best time to “sink” money into a fund.

Instead, think about when you may have some extra money: When you get a tax refund, or receive a cash gift for your birthday. Those are the times when you may want to add something to your sinking funds.

The Takeaway

Sinking funds are designated cash reserves for future expenses. Using a sinking fund means that you’re stashing money away for an upcoming, known expense, and relieving some of the financial pressure of that expense ahead of time. Sinking fund categories can vary, depending on your individual situation. Corporations and businesses also use sinking funds.

Sinking funds are a way to get ahead of your planned expenses, and give yourself some financial wiggle room. A money tracker app can do the same, like the one included in SoFi.

SoFi tracks all of your money, all in one place.

Check out SoFi today!

FAQ

What to put in sinking funds?

You’ll put cash in a sinking fund — cash to use on an upcoming expense at a later time. What that expense is (i.e., a sinking fund’s category) will vary depending on your specific financial needs.

What is a sinking fund leasehold?

A sinking fund leasehold contains funds for repairs or renovations to a rental property. The leaseholder or landlord sets aside a small percentage of the rental money collected every month to build up the fund.

What is the difference between a reserve fund and a sinking fund?

The two are more or less the same. The big difference is that a sinking fund’s contents are designated for a specific purpose or expense, whereas a reserve fund contains funds used for general future expenses.


Photo credit: iStock/Delmaine Donson

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

*Terms and conditions apply. (Must click on the link to be eligible.) This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the Rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed into SoFi accounts such as cash in SoFi Checking and Savings, SoFi credit cards or loan balances, and fractional shares subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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What Is a Contactless Credit Card and How Does It Work?

What Is a Contactless Credit Card and How Does It Work?

Amid health and safety concerns during the coronavirus pandemic, the popularity of contactless credit cards soared. This method of payment allows you to use your credit card for a purchase by simply tapping or holding it on the card reader, as opposed to inserting or swiping it.

While you may or may not already be familiar with how to use contactless credit cards, you may be wondering, how do contactless cards work? Here’s a look at the tech that enables contactless credit card payments, as well as the pros and cons and overall safety of using contactless credit cards.

What Is a Contactless Credit Card?

Physically, a contactless credit card looks like a regular credit card, with the bank name and the account number on the front of the card and the ubiquitous magnetic stripe on the back of the card. However, contactless credit cards allow cardholders to “tap and pay” instead of inserting or swiping their card in a merchant payment machine.

This enables a consumer to make a purchase at a retail location without ever having to physically touch a payment device, which is why contactless payments increased during the pandemic.

What Does Contactless Payment Mean?

The term contactless payment more broadly refers to a form of payment that involves no touch. You can make a contactless payment using a credit card as well as a debit card, gift card, mobile wallet, or wearable device.

Regardless of the form, contactless payments rely on the same technology to make a payment without needing to swipe, enter a debit or credit card PIN, or sign for a transaction.

How to Know If Your Credit Card Is Contactless

Major credit card providers like MasterCard and Visa offer contactless cards. You can determine if your credit card is contactless-capable by looking for a contactless card symbol on the back of your card. This symbol looks like a WiFi symbol flipped on its side, with four curved lines that increase in length from left to right.

Even if your card has this symbol on it, you’ll also want to check that the merchant has contactless readers. You can figure this out by looking for that same symbol on the card reader or asking the merchant directly.

How Contactless Credit Cards Work

Like other credit cards, contactless credit cards have small chips embedded in them. But instead of requiring you to insert the card, this chip emits electromagnetic waves that transfer your payment information when you place the card close to a payment terminal that accepts contactless payments.

You don’t actually even need to tap your contactless credit card to pay — all you have to do is place your card within a few inches of the payment terminal. This will initiate payment.

You might then have to wait a few seconds while the transaction processes. The terminal will usually give a signal when the transaction is complete, such as by beeping or flashing a green light.

Technology That Enables Contactless Credit Card Payments

Instead of inserting a credit or debit card into a merchant payment terminal, contactless credit cards rely on radio frequency identification technology (RFID) and near-field communication to complete a retail transaction.

The “no touch” concept is driven by a contactless card’s short-range electromagnetic waves, which hold the cardholder’s personal data, including their credit card account number. This information is then transmitted to the merchant’s payment device. Once the device grabs the airborne card information, the transaction can be completed and the purchase confirmed.

Pros and Cons of Contactless Credit Cards

Like most consumer finance tools, contactless credit cards have their upsides and downsides. Here’s a snapshot of the pros and cons to note:

Pros

Cons

Convenient to use Not always available overseas
Secure Low transaction limits
Increasingly offered Not always reliable
Better for merchants

Pros

These are the main upsides of contactless credit cards:

•   Convenient to use: Contactless credit cards are extremely convenient to use once you get the hang of how credit cards work when they have this feature. All a user has to do is wave their contactless credit card in front of the card reader, and the deal is done in a matter of seconds. Plus, you can avoid touching any surfaces in the process.

•   Secure: With data thieves regularly on the prowl, “tap and pay” and “wave and pay” technologies are highly protective of a consumer’s personal data. All of the data is stored on a password-protected, fully-encrypted computer chip embedded inside the card, making it difficult for a financial fraudster to steal a user’s personal information.

•   Increasingly offered: The availability of contactless payments has increased in recent years, and many brand-name companies now offer the option. Companies may even offer discounts and loyalty point details that are immediately added to a consumer’s account at the point of sale.

•   Better for merchants: Companies that offer contactless credit/debit card payments also benefit from “no touch” card technology. Aside from superior operational capability and faster transactions, merchants get a better customer experience and formidable fraud protection from contactless payment technology, with no extra cost. That’s because merchants pay the same transaction processing fee with contactless payments as they do with regular credit card transactions.

Recommended: Tips for Using a Credit Card Responsibly

Cons

Of course, there are downsides to contactless credit cards as well:

•   Not always available overseas: Contactless payments may not work abroad, given the recent expansion of a new card payment technology. Additionally, consumers may be charged foreign transaction fees when they do use contactless payments overseas, depending on the specific country’s credit card payment laws.

•   Low transaction limits: Contactless card users may find they can’t cover large transactions, like a laptop computer or king-size bed. That’s because merchants may issue those limits until they’re convinced contactless payments (like any new technology) are completely safe, secure and free of any fraud threats. In the meantime, contactless card-using consumers can always use the same credit card to make a big purchase by using “chip and sign” or “chip and swipe” card technologies.

•   Not always reliable: Contactless credit card transactions aren’t always reliable, as sometimes the payment won’t go through even though a reader indicates that it accepts contactless payments. This could cause someone to have to resort to swiping their card instead to complete the transaction.

Recommended: What is a Charge Card

Guide to Using a Contactless Credit Card

When using a contactless credit card, the transaction is enabled and completed in three key steps: look, tap, and go.

1.    Look. The consumer checks for a contactless symbol on a merchant’s payment device (this will look like a WiFi signal tipped on its side).

2.    Tap. After being prompted by the payment device, the consumer will wave the credit card an inch or so over the payment device, or actually touch (tap) the credit card on the payment terminal. This is why the process is sometimes referred to as credit card tap to pay.

3.    Go. Once the wave or tap is executed, the payment device picks up the transaction, confirms the credit card payment, and completes the transaction.

Be mindful that if you carry multiple contactless credit cards, you may want to keep those cards away from a terminal that accepts contactless payments. This will help ensure the correct credit card is being charged. Instead of holding your wallet or purse over the payment terminal, take out the specific card you’d like to use instead.

Recommended: When Are Credit Card Payments Due

Are Contactless Credit Cards Safe?

Contactless payment cards basically offer the same anti-fraud protections as any card that relies on a credit card chip.

This is because the chip in contactless credit cards creates a one-time code for each merchant transaction. Once the payment is confirmed and the transaction is approved, the code disappears for good. That makes it virtually impossible for a financial fraudster to steal a consumer’s personal data, as they can’t crack the complicated algorithmic codes financial institutions use with chip-based payment cards.

Additionally, a contactless card is equipped with electromagnetic (RFID) shielding, which helps keep card information from being “skimmed” by data thieves. In turn, this removes another data security threat from the credit card transaction experience.

Recommended: Can You Buy Crypto With a Credit Card

The Takeaway

Contactless credit cards are emerging as an effective payment technology that’s gathering steam among consumers and retailers alike. Thanks to the tech that enables contactless credit card payment, these credit cards allow you to simply wave or tap the credit card within range of a payment terminal that accepts contactless payments. You can figure out if a payment terminal — and your credit card — offer contactless payment as an option by looking for the contactless payment symbol.

If this is a feature that interests you, it might be worth looking out for when picking a credit card that works for you.

The SoFi Credit Card offers unlimited 2% cash back on all eligible purchases. There are no spending categories or reward caps to worry about.1



Take advantage of this offer by applying for a SoFi credit card today.

FAQ

Are there extra charges for using contactless credit cards?

No, there are no extra charges for using contactless credit cards. This is true for the consumer who’s tapping their card as well as for the merchant accepting contactless payments.

What are the risks with contactless credit cards?

While contactless credit cards generally offer enhanced security, there is the risk of a thief skimming cards in your wallet by using a smartphone to read it. However, the thief must be within very close range to do so. Perhaps the easiest way for a thief to get ahold of your information is by stealing your physical credit card, which is a risk with any type of credit card.

Where can I use my contactless credit card?

You can use your credit card at any retailer that has a terminal accepting contactless payments. You can determine if a card reader will take your contactless credit card by looking for the contactless payment symbol.

What happens if I lose my contactless credit card and someone else uses it?

If your card is stolen or lost, contact your credit card issuer immediately. Check your recent credit card transactions for any fraudulent activity, and make sure to report that information to your credit card issuer.


Photo credit: iStock/milan2099

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

The SoFi Credit Card is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A. pursuant to license by Mastercard® International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

1See Rewards Details at SoFi.com/card/rewards.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

1Members earn 2 rewards points for every dollar spent on purchases. No points will be earned with respect to reversed transactions, returned purchases, or other similar transactions. When you elect to redeem rewards points as cash deposited into your SoFi Checking and Savings account, as a statement credit to a SoFi Credit Card account, as fractional shares into your SoFi Invest account, or as a payment toward your SoFi Personal Loan or Student Loan Refinance, your rewards points will redeem at a rate of 1 cent per point. For more details please visit the Rewards page. Brokerage and Active investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, member FINRA/SIPC. SoFi Securities LLC is an affiliate of SoFi Bank, N.A.

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