Jun
13
2023
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How Does Magic Formula Investing Work?

By | Growing Wealth, Investing, Terminology | Comments Off on How Does Magic Formula Investing Work?

Magic formula investing is a rules-based investing strategy developed by hedge fund manager and professor Joel Greenblatt. First outlined in his book, “The Little Book That Beats the Market,” the magic formula investing strategy takes a simplified approach to choosing investments that virtually any investor can apply.

It draws on principles of value investing to create portfolios with the potential to outperform the market. For interested investors, knowing the ins and outs of the strategy before applying it is important.

What Is Magic Formula Investing?

At its core, Greenblatt’s magic investing formula focuses on finding good companies to invest in that are trading at attractive prices. Specifically, this strategy focuses on two things: Stock price, and the cost of capital.

The magic formula helps investors find or pinpoint companies that they deem undervalued by the market, and that are likely to offer a high return on their invested capital. It shares some similarities with value investing, which emphasizes finding the “hidden gems” that trade below their intrinsic value.

Value investors often follow a buy-and-hold strategy, in which securities are purchased with the intent to hold them long-term. The idea is that even though the market may have undervalued a company, it could grow in value over time and result in higher returns once an investor decides to sell.

This strategy utilizes fundamental analysis, which involves looking at things like revenue and earnings, and calculating return on equity to measure a company’s financial health.

The difference between a buy and hold strategy and magic formula investing is that fundamental analysis doesn’t come into play. Instead, the formula relies on Greenblatt’s stock-screening method to identify the most promising stocks to invest in.


💡 Quick Tip: How do you decide if a certain trading platform or app is right for you? Ideally, the investment platform you choose offers the features that you need for your investment goals or strategy, e.g., an easy-to-use interface, data analysis, educational tools.

What Is the Magic Investing Formula?

Screening stocks using the magic formula method is based on a rankings system. As developed by Greenblatt, this system uses three distinct criteria to rank companies: earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT), earnings per share, and return on capital.

Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT)

This is one way to measure a company’s profitability. This figure represents the net income of a company before income tax expense and interest expenses are deducted. To calculate a company’s EBIT, you’d subtract income tax expense and interest expenses from its revenue.

Earnings Per Share (EPS)

EPS is another measure of profitability, though it’s calculated differently than EBIT. With EPS, you divide a company’s net profit by the total number of common shares of stock it has outstanding. This is also a way to measure a company’s value, since EPS can tell you roughly how much money it makes per share of stock. A higher EPS may suggest higher value and a willingness for investors to pay more for shares of a company’s stock.

Return on Capital

Return on capital measures how well a company is able to allocate its capital to investments that are profitable. To figure out this number, you’d subtract dividends from net income, then divide that by the sum total of the company’s debt and equity.

By applying EBIT, EPS, and return on capital, the magic formula method is intended to determine the best quality companies at the best price.

How Magic Formula Investing Works

For investors interested in using the magic investing formula to build a portfolio, there’s a specific sequence of steps to follow that Greenblatt outlines.

1. Set a Market Capitalization Threshold

Market capitalization (commonly known as market cap) represents the current number of shares of stock a company has outstanding multiplied by the price per share. Companies can be categorized as small-cap, mid-cap or large-cap, based on their market capitalization.

For magic formula investing, an investor will typically start by excluding any companies with a market capitalization below $100 million. But one could set this number higher or lower, depending on personal preferences. Greenblatt advocates setting the threshold at $1 billion (which means large-cap) to minimize volatility.

2. Exclude Certain Securities

In magic formula investing, an investor next needs to eliminate several categories of investments. Those include stocks in the financials and utilities sectors, as well as foreign companies and American Depositary Receipts (ADRs). An ADR offers a way to indirectly own foreign companies that aren’t traded on U.S. stock exchanges.

3. Make the Necessary Calculations

Once an investor has narrowed down their list of companies, they can start running the numbers. Specifically, this means calculating:

•   Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)

•   Earnings yield (EBIT divided by enterprise value, which is a company’s total value as measured by its market capitalization plus total debt minus its cash assets)

•   Return on capital (EBIT divided by the sum total of net fixed assets and working capital)

4. Create Your Rankings

After doing the above math, an investor can move on to ranking companies according to the magic formula — from highest earnings yield and highest return on capital to lowest. From this point on, one would focus on the top 20 to 30 companies when choosing how to invest.

5. Start Building Your Portfolio

Greenblatt suggests buying the stocks that rank in that top 20-30 list on a rolling basis. For instance, an investor would buy two to three positions per month for one year, eventually owning 24 to 36 of the top ranking companies. According to Greenblatt’s formula, owning at least 20 different companies will help to maintain diversification.

At the end of the 12-month period, the magic formula dictates that investors would sell off the losing stocks and the winners, being mindful of capital gains taxes rules. Then they’d start the cycle over again, using the magic formula rules to select a new crop of stocks to invest in.

Holding stocks for a year before selling at a gain or loss is intended to help maximize your after-tax returns. When you sell stocks at a profit that you’ve held longer than one year you’d be subject to the more favorable long-term capital gains tax rate.


💡 Quick Tip: When you’re actively investing in stocks, it’s important to ask what types of fees you might have to pay. For example, brokers may charge a flat fee for trading stocks, or require some commission for every trade. Taking the time to manage investment costs can be beneficial over the long term.

Magic Formula Investing Results

Any time one is considering an investment strategy, it’s important to look at how well it works when it comes to generating returns. Greenblatt’s approach is intended to help investors choose companies whose performance can potentially beat the market. And according to him, it has helped generate a 30% annual rate of return for investors who use the strategy, which is well above the typical return generated by the S&P 500.

There’s no guarantee that investors will see a positive return utilizing the strategy for any given year, however.

Whether investors can replicate those magic formula investing results for themselves can depend on different variables. For example, an individual portfolio may produce a very different return profile if an investor adjusts the market capitalization threshold up or down. Or if a company has an above-average year for revenue and profits, that could affect how the ranking calculations shake out.

Pros and Cons of Magic Formula Investing

The main idea behind the magic formula method is that it’s a simple enough strategy for even beginner investors to use. The idea is that by following the formula, an investor can eliminate some of the noise when making investment decisions.

That includes not giving in to investment biases that could prompt an investor to buy or sell at the wrong time. By focusing on the rankings and sticking with a one-year rolling schedule of buying and then selling, an investor can potentially remove their emotions from the equation. This can help avoid selling off stocks in a panic if the market becomes more volatile.

Downsides of Magic Formula Investing

While this formula can help an investor create a diversified portfolio, it’s still exclusionary in that it doesn’t include investing in foreign companies or companies in the financials and utilities sectors.

Beyond that, there’s no certainty that an investor will see positive magic formula investing results in the form of above-average returns — as noted. Greenblatt himself says that there’s nothing “magical” about the formula and that it shouldn’t be considered a guarantee of investment returns or performance. As with any investing strategy, it isn’t foolproof.

Finally, the magic formula investing strategy is meant to be a long-term one. For investors more interested in seeing quick results versus adopting a buy and hold mindset, day trading might be more appropriate.

The Takeaway

Hedge fund manager and professor Joel Greenblatt devised his magic formula investing strategy as a way to invest in a curated group of good companies with high potential for returns. The system ranks companies according to three criteria: earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT), earnings per share, and return on capital. The system is simple enough that it’s intended for anyone from first-time investors to more seasoned investors.

But as with any investment strategy, there is no guarantee that the magic formula investing results will be positive every time. There is a potential for both gains and losses.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).


For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.

SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $25 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.

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13
2023
Paying off $50,000 in Credit Card Debt

Paying off $50,000 in Credit Card Debt

By | Debt Payoff, Financial Independence, personal_loan | Comments Off on Paying off $50,000 in Credit Card Debt

Not all debt is bad. In fact, taking out loans and using credit cards responsibly is how most people build credit to access low-interest loans in the future. However, a problem arises if budgeting is poorly managed or finances become tight.

In either case, it’s easy to slide further and further into debt with no clear path to financial freedom. Before you know it, you may end up with $50,000 in credit card debt, which can feel insurmountable. But instead of throwing up your hands, here are some tips for how to pay off $50,000 in credit card debt and get your finances back on track.

Tips for Paying Off $50,000 in Credit Card Debt

Unsure of how to pay down $50,000 in credit card debt? Here are some paths forward you may consider, depending on your financial situation and preferences.

1. Pay More Than the Minimum

If you only pay the minimum balance on your card each month, it will take you much longer to pay off the debt. That’s because you will continue to pay a high interest rate. If you can pay off more than the minimum and start chipping away at the principal loan amount, you’ll pay less in interest over time, and the debt will disappear faster.

2. Focus on High-Interest Debt First

High-interest debt is the most expensive, so you’ll save money if you can get rid of it sooner. Check your credit cards to see which one has the highest annual percentage rate (APR), and then pay that one off first. Then, use the amount you save once that card is paid off to work on paying down the card with the next-highest APR.

3. Pay Off the Card With the Lowest Balance First

A different approach to paying down credit card debt is to initially focus on the card with the lowest balance. This is known as the snowball method, and it can help you stay motivated to pay down debt when you see each card’s balance getting paid off one by one.

4. Review Your Expenses

You might be able to free up cash to put toward paying off your credit card debt by taking a close look at how you spend your money and perhaps creating a budget that’s a bit stricter.

A good place to start when looking for areas to cut back are monthly subscriptions that you’re not using or don’t need, such as streaming services or audiobooks. You might also consider whether you can change your lifestyle. Look for ways to reduce your expenses — perhaps you can eat out less, buy cheaper groceries, or downsize your home.

5. Use Extra Cash to Pay Down Your Debt

If you’re lucky enough to receive a bonus at work or an unexpected windfall, use it to pay down your debt rather than adding it to your spending pool. Also think about whether you could take on some gig work, which would allow you to increase your income temporarily while you focus on paying down some of your debt.

Debt Management Program

Another option you might explore to get a handle on $50,000 of credit card debt is a debt management program (DMP). Credit counseling agencies offer DMPs to help people better manage their finances through education and counseling.

These agencies are non-profit organizations that assign counselors to individuals who need help. The counselors provide advice and guidance, and negotiate with the client’s creditors to develop reduced payment plans. Creditors are eager to get paid back, so they’re usually amenable to lowering interest rates and waiving fees for clients who work with a DMP and show they’re serious about repaying their debt.

If you choose to work with a DMP, you’ll usually make a single monthly payment, which then gets distributed to your creditors. The DMP will lower the amount of interest you’re paying overall and remove late fees, which means more of your money goes toward paying down your principal. This translates to your debt getting paid off quicker.

There’s usually a fee for a credit counselor’s services, and you will be required to close all of the accounts under the DMP so that you don’t continue to rack up debt. Still, a DMP can help relieve financial stress since you’re taking concrete steps to improve your financial situation.

Credit Card Debt Forgiveness

Credit card forgiveness occurs when a creditor forgives you of debt. While this might sound like a surefire path to financial freedom, this is rare for credit card companies, and it usually comes at a cost. Instead, what credit card companies might do is agree to negotiate a settlement whereby you pay a portion of the amount you owe with penalties. If you’re three or more months behind and unable to catch up with payments, it’s possible to negotiate a settlement with a credit card provider.

That being said, a creditor is more likely to offer forgiveness right before selling your debt to a collector because they’ll have to sell the debt for less than the full amount you owe and lose money. Negotiating a settlement with you instead may minimize their losses. It’s even easier to pursue debt forgiveness from a debt collector because collectors can profit even if you only pay some of the amount you owe.

Note that forgiven debt is considered income by the IRS, so you will owe taxes on the forgiven amount.

Additional Options for Paying Off Debt

Other options for paying off $50,000 in credit card debt include taking out a debt consolidation loan, which is a common type of personal loan, or turning to a home equity loan or a balance transfer credit card.

Home Equity Loan

If you have equity in your home, a home equity loan might offer a lower interest rate than your credit card and provide cash to pay off some of that higher-interest debt.

However, you will have to factor closing costs into the equation. Also know that you’re putting your home at risk if you can’t stay on top of monthly payments.

Personal Loan

Among the many common uses for personal loans is debt management and consolidation. If approved, you can use the funds you receive from a personal loan to pay off your credit cards. This will consolidate your debt, leaving you with just one payment to worry about each month.

Ideally, you’ll be able to secure a lower interest rate as well, which can offer savings. A personal loan calculator can help you determine if lowering your interest rate and monthly payments with a personal loan could help you save on total interest.

Recommended: Get Your Personal Loan Approved

Balance Transfer

With a balance transfer, you move your existing credit card debts to another card, ideally one that offers a lower interest rate. Some balance transfer credit cards even offer a temporary introductory APR that’s as low as 0%, though you’ll generally need solid credit to qualify for the most competitive offers.

Just note that a balance transfer fee will apply, so you’ll need to factor that into your overall costs. Also make sure that you’ll be able to pay off your balance in full before the introductory APR ends — otherwise, the interest rate could rise dramatically.

The Takeaway

Figuring out how to pay off $50,000 in credit card debt can seem overwhelming. Luckily, there are a number of options at your disposal. You might try a debt payoff method like the debt snowball or the debt avalanche, or you might look for ways to cut back or bring in extra money to put toward debt payments. Seeking help through a DMP is another option if you’re struggling to get your financial life back in order.

Another possibility is consolidating your debt by taking out a personal loan. Loan amounts range from $5,000 to $100,000, and it’s possible to get funds the same day you sign – or you could have SoFi pay off your credit card directly.

SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.

FAQ

Should I sign up for a debt management program?

Consider signing up for a debt management program if you feel overwhelmed by your debt. A credit counselor can consolidate your debts into one payment and simplify the debt repayment process, as well as offer general advice and guidance.

Should I seek credit card forgiveness?

Credit card forgiveness is rare to receive. However, you might be able to negotiate with your creditor to reduce the amount you owe, which can help relieve some of your debt burden.

How long will it take to pay off $50k in credit card debt?

How long it will take you to pay off $50,000 in credit card debt depends on the APR and the amount of your monthly payment. For example, assuming you’re not continuing to add to your debt, if you have an APR of 19.07% and make monthly payments of $2,000, it will take you 33 months to pay off your debt. If you were only paying $1,000 a month at that APR, it would take you 101 months.

Photo credit: iStock/milan2099

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

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Jun
13
2023
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What Is a Straddle in Options Trading?

By | invest, Investing, Terminology | Comments Off on What Is a Straddle in Options Trading?

A straddle is an options trade with which investors can profit regardless of which direction an asset moves. Because of this, a straddle is considered a “neutral options strategy.”

Long straddles are used when an investor expects greater volatility in an underlying asset. They involve buying a call option and put option simultaneously. Short straddles are used when an investor expects little movement in an asset. They involve selling a call and a put at the same time. It’s important to keep in mind that straddles are a complex options strategy that aren’t suitable for most investors.

Understanding Puts and Calls

A call option gives investors the right, but not the obligation, to buy an asset. A put option versus a call gives the right to sell. A seller of a call is obligated to deliver the underlying asset if the buyer exercises the contract. Meanwhile, a seller of a put is obligated to buy the underlying asset if the contract is exercised.

Long straddles are popular when investors anticipate an event will significantly move a stock’s price, such as after a company’s earnings or big product announcement. On the flip side, short straddles are common when investors think volatility expectations are too high, meaning that share prices will move sideways or only change slightly.


💡 Quick Tip: The best stock trading app? That’s a personal preference, of course. Generally speaking, though, a great app is one with an intuitive interface and powerful features to help make trades quickly and easily.

How to Put on a Straddle Trade

In options trading, an investor can put on a straddle in two ways: 1) They can buy a call option and put option. Both contracts need to have the same strike price and expiration date. Or 2) They can sell a call and put option that both have the same strike price and expiration date.

In options terminology, the strike price is the level at which the options contract can be exercised. For instance, say a stock is trading at $10 a share and a call option on it has a strike price of $12. If the stock reaches $12, the investor has the right, but not the obligation, to exercise the option.

An option’s expiration date is the date by which the call or put must be exercised. So an investor has until the expiry to exercise the option by buying or selling the underlying asset. After that date, the options become worthless. Another important term for options investors is the premium. This is the value or cost of the option itself.

Examples of Straddles

The two types of straddles discussed here are the long straddle and the short straddle. These are just two of many different options trading strategies.

In a long straddle, the move in the underlying asset needs to exceed the cost of the two premiums — one for the call, one for the put — in order for the investor to break even on the trade. The cost of the two premiums is the maximum amount of money the investor can lose. In a short straddle, the cost of the two premiums is the maximum amount the investor can earn from the trade.

Long Straddle Example

Let’s say an investor believes Company A will either soar or plummet after releasing its quarterly earnings call. Company A’s shares currently trade in the market at $50 each.

In order to put on a long straddle, the investor pays $2 for a call contract and $2 for a put contract for a total cost of $4. Both contracts have a strike price at $50. The total cost for the investor will be $400, since each options contract equals 100 shares of stock.

So in order for the investor to break even on the trade, the stock will have to either rise above $54 a share or fall below $46. That’s because $50 plus $4 is $54, while $50 minus $4 is $46. Here is the formula to calculate the breakeven levels in long straddles:

Upper breakeven level = Strike price + Total cost of options premiums

Lower breakeven level = Strike price – Total cost of options premiums

Short Straddle Example

In a short straddle trade, the investor sells a call and put that have the same strike price and expiration. An investor might do this when they believe the market’s expectations for volatility in a stock are too high.

Say for instance, the implied volatility for Company B has climbed substantially. Implied volatility is the market’s expectations for volatility in an asset. In other words, the market believes Company B will see a big stock move after making a product announcement.

However, one investor thinks these expectations are inflated. If the stock’s move after the announcement is actually muted, the value of both the calls and puts would drop quickly. Meanwhile, the short-straddle investor has benefited by having collected the premiums from selling the options.

However, the potential investment risks of a short straddle trade are high, because the underlying asset’s potential to climb higher is unlimited and an investor may have to pay the market price to cover the short call.

Pros & Cons of Straddles

Pros of Straddles

1.    Market neutral: Investors can benefit from an options trade even if they’re uncertain which direction the underlying asset will move.

2.    Premiums costs: With long straddles, the cost of premiums could be relatively low. Say for instance an investor finds a stock that they believe will see high volatility. Meanwhile, the cost of the calls and puts are not yet too expensive. The investor can potentially make a profit from this long straddle trade.

3.    Volatility bet: With long straddles, investors can make money when an asset’s stock volatility is high.

Cons of Straddles

1.    Pricey premiums: It can be tricky to get market timing right. When implied or expected volatility for an asset is high, the price of options premiums can also rise. This means investors looking to put on a long straddle trade can encounter costlier premiums. Plus, with long straddles, investors have to pay the cost of two premiums.

2.    Time decay: Options lose value as they get closer to their expiration date — a concept known as theta or time decay in the derivatives market. Time decay may become a concern if market volatility is low for a while and an investor is trying to exercise a long straddle position.

3.    Potential losses: In a short straddle, the potential loss is unlimited while the potential upside is limited.



💡 Quick Tip: If you’re an experienced investor and bullish about a stock, buying call options (rather than the stock itself) can allow you to take the same position, with less cash outlay. It is possible to lose money trading options, if the price moves against you.

Straddles vs Strangles

In contrast to a straddle, a long strangle involves buying both calls and puts but with different strike prices.

Strangles are more common when investors believe a stock is more likely to move in one direction, but still want to hold some protection in case the opposite scenario occurs.

The advantage of a strangle is that the costs of putting them on are typically lower than straddles.

The Takeaway

An options straddle is essentially a two-trade bundle that’s designed to allow investors to wager whether there will be a major move in an asset’s price or not.

In a long straddle, investors have the potential to capture a significant profit while having paid only a relatively low cost for the options premiums. However, If the stock trades sideways or doesn’t post a big move, the investor will lose the money they invested in the premiums. In a short straddle, the opposite is true. If the underlying asset doesn’t post a big move, the investor can make money.

Qualified investors who are ready to try their hand at options trading, despite the risks involved, might consider checking out SoFi’s options trading platform. The platform’s user-friendly design allows investors to trade through the mobile app or web platform, and get important metrics like breakeven percentage, maximum profit/loss, and more with the click of a button.

Plus, SoFi offers educational resources — including a step-by-step in-app guide — to help you learn more about options trading. Trading options involves high-risk strategies, and should be undertaken by experienced investors.


With SoFi, user-friendly options trading is finally here.

SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes.
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13
2023
What every new investor should know about risk

What Every New Investor Should Know About Risk

By | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | No Comments

Risk is a critical component of each and every investment, and there are several things about risk, and an individual’s ability to handle it, that investors need to know about. Those include the types of risk involved in investing, the relationship between risk and potential returns, and how to effectively manage it.

Investors should consider their appetite and tolerance for risk, and try to determine which assets are suitable for them. Investing involves understanding the risk profiles of the different assets, among other things, too.

Higher Risk, Higher Potential Return

The most important thing to understand about risk is something you’ve probably heard before: Generally, the higher the risk of your investment, the greater return you should expect on your money. It is, however, the nature of risk that the return you expect might not be the return you actually get.

The concept of “Modern Portfolio Theory” emphasizes that risk and reward are linked. If you hope for a higher return, you should also expect higher volatility — the variability of actual returns. The returns on an exchange-traded fund (ETF) may be up one year and down the next.

Returns on a mutual fund of emerging market stocks will likely have much wider changes in returns from year-to-year, or even month-to-month. You might make a lot more money, but you also could lose much more.


💡 Quick Tip: When people talk about investment risk, they mean the risk of losing money. Some investments are higher risk, some are lower. Be sure to bear this in mind when investing online.

How Much Risk Should You Take?

When determining a level or risk that you’re comfortable with, you want to first look at the goals you have (buying a house, saving for college, and retiring, to name a few), as well as how many years will it be before you need the money for each goal. That’s called a “time horizon.”

balancing risk

Generally speaking, the longer the time horizon, the more risk you can afford to take, because you have more time to recover from market downturns.

This is why young people are advised to put their retirement savings in a more aggressive portfolio. As you get closer to retirement, you’ll generally want to be more conservative. You can also consult a retirement calculator to see where you stand on your retirement goals.

Risk Tolerance Quiz

Take this 9 question quiz to see what your risk tolerance is.

⏲️ Takes 1 minute 30 seconds

What Types of Risk Are There?

There are several types of risk that every investor should be aware of. Here are a few:

•   market

•   business specific

•   price volatility

•   interest rate

•   concentration

Some risks you can’t avoid, like market risk or beta. The market goes up and down, and this often affects all stocks. Investors can measure the risk in their stock holdings by finding their portfolio’s beta. This will show how sensitive one’s portfolio is to volatility in the market.

You can, however, reduce other risks. For example, if you buy individual stocks, you open yourself up to business specific risk. But, if you buy an index fund, you are buying assets in multiple companies. If one of these companies falters, it will impact the index, but it won’t have the same harsh impact on your investment. This is why seasoned investors tend to emphasize portfolio diversification so much.

How Should You Manage Risk?

On a broad level, how do you use these concepts to manage your investing risk? One method is to utilize different asset allocation strategies to your advantage.

For example, if you wanted to take a particularly low-risk, or conservative position, you could allocate your portfolio to contain more bonds than stocks. Bonds tend to be safer investments than stocks (though it’s important to remember that there’s no such thing as a “safe” investment), and as such, may be less volatile if the market experiences a downturn or correction.

If you still wanted to play it safe but allow for some risk (and potentially bigger returns), you could split your portfolio’s allocation – that could include 50% stocks, 50% bonds, or something along those lines. Further, if you feel like you have a high risk tolerance, you could take an aggressive position, and invest most of, or your entire portfolio in stocks.


💡 Quick Tip: How to manage potential risk factors in a self directed investment account? Doing your research and employing strategies like dollar-cost averaging and diversification may help mitigate financial risk when trading stocks.

Managing Specific Types of Risk

If you want to get more granular, you can try to manage specific types of risk in your portfolio, such as interest rate risk, business-specific risk, etc.

Interest rate risk, for one, has to do with investment values fluctuating due to changing interest rates. This generally involves bond investments, and one way to try and manage it is through diversification, or even by participating in hedge funds — though that can be its own can of worms, so do your research before jumping into hedge funds.

As for business-specific risk? This refers to specific or particular companies or industries. For example, the aerospace industry faces a different set of challenges and risks than the food production industry. So, changes to the Federal Aviation Administration could, as a hypothetical, cause price fluctuation to aerospace stocks, but not other types of stocks. Again, this can largely be solved through diversification.

There are numerous other types of risks, too, and managing them all is difficult, if not impossible, for the typical investor. You can consider consulting a financial professional for further advice, however.

A good course to take? Be honest with yourself. Over time this portfolio is more likely to have a higher return than the other one, but only if you stay invested through the bad times as well as the good. If that isn’t you, no problem — just pick a less risky asset allocation.

The Takeaway

Risk is unavoidable when investing, and as such, it’s important to understand the nature of the risk, avoid taking risks that you can’t afford, and then to take steps to mitigate risk and still reap the benefits. Think about it like driving a car: It’s risky, but you understand that risk and mitigate it by maintaining your car, obeying traffic laws, and buying insurance. The return is that you get where you’re going faster.

There are no guarantees in investing, but you can make an informed choice of the amount of risk you are willing to take and invest intelligently to reach your goals.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).


For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.

SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results.
Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $25 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.

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Jun
13
2023
solar panel installation

How to Invest in Energy Stocks

By | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing, Terminology | Comments Off on How to Invest in Energy Stocks

Investors are newly attuned to the energy sector, given the global energy crisis that began in 2022 and has continued into 2023 — raising concerns but also increasing investment opportunities in some sectors.

After all there are many different kinds of energy companies, including exploration and production, oilfield services, pipelines, storage and transportation of oil and gas, and renewable energy such as solar, wind, or geothermal heat.

Energy stocks make up one of the 11 sectors in the S&P 500, which consists of the 500 largest stocks in the U.S. For an investor looking for the top energy stocks, this is the list to watch.

How to Choose an Energy Sector Stock

The energy industry is large and complex. In the oil and natural gas industries alone, there are upstream (production), midstream (transport), and downstream (finished product applications) companies in which an investor might choose to invest their money.

For some investors, the source of the energy can impact their interest in owning stock.

Coal used to be a major fuel source, but the global energy crisis or 2022-23 has sparked significant growth in installations of renewable power, with total capacity predicted to almost double worldwide in the next five years, according to a 2022 report by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).

Beyond more commonly known wind, solar energy, and geothermal energies, other sources of renewable energy include hydropower, biodiesel, ethanol, wood and wood waste, and municipal solid waste.


💡 Quick Tip: If you’re opening a brokerage account for the first time, consider starting with an amount of money you’re prepared to lose. Investing always includes the risk of loss, and until you’ve gained some experience, it’s probably wise to start small.

How to Invest in Individual Energy Sector Stocks

One way to invest in the energy industry is to buy individual stocks of oil and gas companies or renewable energy companies. When an investor owns individual energy stocks, they have the freedom to buy and sell them as frequently they choose, and also to engage in options trading strategies.

Recommended: Sustainable Investing Guide

When investing in a particular stock, the more hands-on learning the investor can do about the company, the better informed they’ll be. In considering renewable energy stocks or other energy stocks, an investor might want to examine the company’s finances — including cash flow, debt, and other factors such as the price-to-earnings ratio and the dividend payout ratio. Investors might also research the history of the stock and how it has performed over the past 10, five or even one year.

Investors might also compare individual energy stocks with other similar ones that are involved in other aspects of the industry.

The Downside of Buying Individual Energy Sector Stocks

Choosing individual energy sector stocks — whether from oil and gas companies or solar and wind farms — can be challenging and require an investor’s time in researching a company’s financials for a clearer overall picture.

Additionally, buying individual shares of a company can be risky since stock prices can be volatile. There are many factors that can impact an energy stock price, such as the price of crude oil, the price of natural gas, geopolitical issues, decisions made by OPEC, supply and demand from various industries and consumers, and other economic issues.


💡 Quick Tip: It’s smart to invest in a range of assets so that you’re not overly reliant on any one company or market to do well. For example, by investing in different sectors you can add diversification to your portfolio, which may help mitigate some risk factors over time.

How to Invest in Energy ETFs

Some investors prefer to invest in exchange-traded funds (ETFs) which are composed of dozens or even hundreds of stocks in an industry.

This diverse investment bundle generally lowers the amount of risk for an investor, vs owning individual stocks.

One advantage of investing in an energy ETF is that an investor can start by buying just one or two shares of the ETF and gradually add more shares as their budget allows.

With energy sector ETFs, investors can choose to invest in ETFs that focus on oil and natural gas, or solar companies, or more generally on renewable energy or clean energy.

Additionally, investors can look for buzzwords like green investing that may indicate an overlap of industries and missions.

The Takeaway

Energy stocks — whether shares in oil or natural gas companies, or solar or other renewable energy stocks — can be a vital part of a diverse investment portfolio. Investors can focus on a particular part of the sector that interests them, or else invest broadly in the sector.

As with other sectors, when it comes to investing in energy sector stocks, investors might choose to buy individual shares, or they might invest in an energy sector ETF. The decision comes down to personal opinion and comfort level.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).


For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.

SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or by email customer service at [email protected]. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.
Shares of ETFs must be bought and sold at market price, which can vary significantly from the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). Investment returns are subject to market volatility and shares may be worth more or less their original value when redeemed. The diversification of an ETF will not protect against loss. An ETF may not achieve its stated investment objective. Rebalancing and other activities within the fund may be subject to tax consequences.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $25 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.

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