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Aug

2023

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The Ultimate Guide to Liberal Arts Colleges

By Brandi Lucey | Going to College, Student Loans, student_loan | Comments Off

When considering where to go to college, a young adult has a dizzying array of choices, including public vs. private schools and colleges vs. universities. There are also liberal arts colleges, which can be appealing to creative types and those seeking a broad education resulting in exemplary problem solving and communication skills.

But what exactly is a liberal arts college? And how are liberal arts colleges different from other colleges and universities?

Liberal arts colleges tend to put more focus on broad academics and personal growth than on professional training programs. An education from a liberal arts college is still valuable in helping students start their careers, but the emphasis is more on producing well-rounded individuals than putting graduates on a specific career track like engineering.

Students can major in a wide range of subjects at a liberal arts college, including the arts, literature, philosophy, social sciences, natural sciences, and even math or engineering. However, these colleges are meant to be a place that values learning, without strictly limiting what students are learning.

Read on to learn more about liberal arts colleges, including what they offer, how they compare to larger schools and public universities, and how you can cover the cost of a liberal arts education.

A More Personal Vibe

Though both universities and liberal arts colleges will help prepare students for entering the working world, there are some differences in what the experience will be like:

1. Liberal arts colleges are smaller. Most classes will have far fewer students than is the case at a university lecture hall, which can have hundreds attending at the same time.
2. Because of the smaller size, it may be easier for students to bond with their professors. The faculty members often have more time to spend with their students.
3. The focus of a liberal arts school is undergraduate education. At universities, there will likely be graduate programs and major research efforts.

A liberal arts college may be the best college fit for students who prefer a more personal experience where they can get to know faculty members and other students.

Those trying to decide which college is right for them can take this eight-question college personality quiz.

💡 Quick Tip: Fund your education with a low-rate, no-fee SoFi private student loan that covers all school-certified costs.

The Admissions Process

The application process for getting into a liberal arts college is similar to other schools. Students will have to submit the usual components: an application with transcripts, test scores, essays, and letters of recommendation.

Liberal arts colleges may have a different focus when it comes to reviewing applications, though, so it’s essential to keep the following information in mind when applying to a liberal arts college.

When it comes to test scores and grades, liberal arts colleges don’t always have specific requirements. Admissions can still be very competitive at these schools, but they’re often more interested in whether or not students challenged themselves in high school. Generally, they want to see that applicants are well-rounded but also have an area of interest they specialize in.

Extracurriculars are important when applying to any college, but liberal arts colleges often value a wide range of activities, not just those that involve leadership.

A liberal arts college may be more likely to value extracurricular activities that are outside the box, so students applying to these schools have more options for what they can get involved in.

The Common Application, which can be used to apply to more than 900 schools, only requires one essay. However, many liberal arts colleges will require at least two supplemental essays. The reason is that these schools tend to put a high value on writing and critical thinking. This can be beneficial for students who have strong writing skills but may be weaker in other areas.

Many liberal arts colleges are also interested in a student’s character and how they’ll contribute to the school, so they may put more weight on letters of recommendation and interviews than other schools.

Top Ranked Liberal Arts Colleges

According to U.S. News’s National Liberal Arts Colleges Rankings for 2022-2023, the top ten liberal arts colleges are:

1. Williams College
2. Amherst College
3. Pomona College
4. Swarthmore College
5. Wellesley College
6. Bowdoin College
7. Carleton College
8. United States Naval Academy
9. Claremont McKenna College
10. United States Military Academy at West Point
11. Middlebury College

Financial Value of a Liberal Arts Education

There’s a stereotype about people who pursue a liberal arts education: that they won’t find financial success and their degree could be useless. This claim isn’t backed by evidence, though, so students who feel like a liberal arts college is the right choice for them shouldn’t be scared away by this false narrative.

The gap in income between those who attend a liberal arts college and those who attend other schools isn’t necessarily linked to the institution.

Instead, it’s determined more by a student’s career path and the market forces at the time, according to two economists who analyzed the payoff of a liberal arts college education.

Another reason for this misconception is that people are unaware of the diverse selection of topics that are studied at liberal arts colleges. If people don’t actually know what is being studied at these colleges, they’ll have a more difficult time conceptualizing what a student’s future could entail.

Though graduates of liberal arts colleges may not earn as much as those from STEM-oriented institutions right away, the economists’ study found that 60% of students ended up in the top 40% of U.S. income after graduation, even if they started out in the bottom 60%.

Choosing where to attend college and whether or not it will have a “payoff” is personal to each student.

Attending a liberal arts college can lead to upward mobility, but students also have to take into account the cost of the education and the availability of financial aid when choosing which school will have the most value for them.

Paying for College

Along with the painstaking process of choosing where to apply for college and making a final decision, there is another difficult process: figuring out the cost of tuition and how to pay for it all.

Luckily, students usually have access to a few options that may help fund the yearly cost of attendance, which goes beyond tuition and fees to usually include room and board, books, supplies, transportation, loan fees, costs related to a disability, and reasonable costs for eligible study-abroad programs.

To figure out financing, a good place to start is by filling out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). This will let you know if you are eligible for federal financial aid, which includes grants, scholarships, work-study, and federal student loans (which may be subsidized or unsubsidized).

Some private colleges use a supplemental form called the College Scholarship Service (CSS) Profile, to determine how to give out their own financial aid. The form is more detailed than the FAFSA. Almost every college that meets financial need for all enrolled students without federal student loans uses the CSS Profile.

Most liberal arts colleges are private and carry a relatively high “sticker price,” which includes tuition, fees, room and board. But students will typically pay less, and sometimes far less, when grants, scholarships, and other benefits are factored in.

If students will require loans to cover the cost of college, it’s recommended they take out federal loans before private loans, because the former come with benefits that the latter usually do not, like lower fixed interest rates and income-based repayment plans.

Private scholarships are also widely available. Some are need based; others are merit based. They’re offered by schools, companies, community organizations, religious groups, and more.

Private student loans are an option as well. Eligibility usually depends on a student’s income and credit score or those of a cosigner. These loans are available through banks, credit unions, and online lenders and rates and terms vary, depending on the lender.

💡 Quick Tip: Would-be borrowers will want to understand the different types of student loans that are available: private student loans, federal Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized loans, Direct PLUS loans, and more.

The Takeaway

Whether you choose to go to a state university or a private liberal arts college, the experience will be enriching and can set you up for long-term career success.

Though a liberal arts school isn’t solely focused on teaching students a profession, a Bachelor of Arts from a reputable liberal arts school can lead to a rewarding career. The skills students learn at a liberal arts college — which include communication skills, analytic skills, the ability to work in a team, and a strong work ethic — are ones that often highly valued by today’s employers

While liberal arts colleges are known for their high cost, keep in mind that your actual cost of attendance will likely be much lower than the “sticker price,” once you take grants, scholarships, and other types of financial aid into consideration.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Aug

2023

Investing for Retirement: Tips and Options to Consider

By Dan Miller | invest, Investing, Preparing for Retirement | Comments Off

Saving steadily for retirement is important, but how you invest that money also matters. Fortunately, today’s retirement saver has a number of options to consider — many of which can make the task of investing for the future less daunting.

These days, you can choose from DIY investing options like a portfolio of stocks and bonds or other securities you choose yourself. You can also invest in mutual funds or exchange-traded funds to help lower costs and add diversification. There are also certain types of pre-set retirement funds and automated platforms (i.e. robo advisors) that use technology to help manage your portfolio.

If you’re saving for retirement, it helps to understand the options that best suit your goals and your personality so that you’re more likely to stick with a plan for the long term.

This article is part of SoFi’s Retirement Planning Guide, our coverage of all the steps you need to create a successful retirement plan.

The Importance of Investing for Retirement

Retirement may be a long way off or a short way down the road, depending on your age and stage of life. Either way, developing an investment strategy that can help your savings to grow is essential. For many people, retirement might last 10, 20, 30 years — or even more. A solid long-term investment strategy can help you build up the amount you need for those years where you’re no longer in the workforce.

Remember that the longer your money is invested, the more time you have for potential gains to compound and help your money grow. Compounding simply means that if your money potentially sees a return, or a profit from various investments, that growth can compound over time, with both your savings and your earnings seeing gains.

Time can also help with losses. The longer your time horizon, the more volatility or risk it may be safe for you to assume. If you have a time horizon of 30 or 40 years before you retire, you can probably afford to weather some short-term losses, knowing that your investment returns will likely balance themselves out over time.

Understanding Retirement Accounts

While this article will focus on investment options, it’s worth a reminder that the type of retirement account you choose is also important. You may have a workplace retirement account like a 401(k) or 403(b). You may have opened an Individual Retirement Arrangement (IRA), like a traditional IRA, a Roth IRA, or a SEP IRA.

Different accounts have different contribution limits, and different tax implications. Since both the amount you can save and how it will be taxed can have a long-term impact on your nest egg, be sure to spend time strategizing about which types of accounts make the most sense for you.

With a suitable combination of accounts, you can then begin to choose the investments that will populate that account.

Remember: Just because you open an IRA or set up your 401(k) at work doesn’t mean it comes with any investments. Like moving into a new home, it’s up to you to furnish the account.

Recommended: 401(k) vs IRA: What’s the Difference?

Investment Options

While investing for retirement can seem overwhelming, it doesn’t have to be. Again, there are various retirement strategies that have stood the test of time, as well as a number of investment options that can make a retirement saver’s life easier.

Here are a few options for retirement investing that you can consider:

DIY Investing

For investors who feel confident in managing their own retirement portfolio, and the securities within it, taking a DIY approach is an option.

You can purchase stocks, bonds, commodities, mutual funds, or any other types of securities for your long-term portfolio. While the term active investing brings to mind day traders, active investing can also mean taking a hands-on approach to managing your own portfolio.

This approach isn’t for everyone. It’s time and energy intensive, and it requires a certain amount of expertise in order to be successful. In addition, if you go this route, bear in mind that the same rules apply to all long-term investors.

• Be mindful of the contribution limits and tax implications of the retirement account you choose.

• Consider the cost of your investments, as fees can reduce your earnings over time.

• Consider using a strategy that includes some diversification, as this may help mitigate certain risks over time.

💡 Quick Tip: Before opening any investment account, consider what level of risk you are comfortable with. If you’re not sure, start with more conservative investments, and then adjust your portfolio as you learn more.

Index Funds

Index funds offer a basic way to invest for retirement. An index fund is a type of fund that tracks a broad market index. One of the most popular types of index funds tracks the S&P 500 index, for example, which mirrors the performance of the 500 largest U.S. companies.

There are hundreds of indexes, and many have corresponding funds that track different sectors of the market, e.g.: smaller companies, technology companies; sustainable or green companies; various types of bonds, and more.

Index funds don’t rely on a live team of portfolio managers, so they tend to be less expensive than actively managed funds. However, they have a downside which is that your money is pegged to the securities in that sector.

Automated Options

In the world of investing there really isn’t a truly automated “set it and forget it” strategy that will work on its own, without any input, for decades. But there are some options that are more hands-off than others.

• Target Date Funds

One such option is a target date fund. A target date fund is designed to be an all-inclusive portfolio option for people that are looking to retire on or near a certain date. For example, a 2050 target date fund is intended for people that will be ready for retirement in 2050.

Target date funds use a set of calculations to adjust the portfolio’s asset allocation over time. When a target date fund is decades away from the specified date, it might invest 80% in equities and 20% in fixed income or cash/cash equivalents. As the date draws nearer, it will automatically move more of its investments away from equities towards bonds, cash, or other investments with lower risk. This automatic readjustment is referred to as the glide path.

• Robo Advisors

Another option is an automated portfolio, commonly known as a robo advisor (although these services are not robots, and don’t typically offer advice).

A robo advisor platform offers a questionnaire for investors to gauge their time horizon (i.e. years to retirement or another goal), their risk level, and so forth.

The platform then uses sophisticated technology to recommend a portfolio of low-cost exchange-traded funds (ETFs).

While these are two of the more hands-off options, and they do offer the convenience of managing a portfolio on your behalf, these options have some downsides. The cost can be higher than other types of investment options. And there is very little flexibility. Investors typically cannot adjust the securities in these funds (although there may be some hybrid options in the market).

Recommended: How Do Robo Advisors Work

Hire an Advisor

If you still are not feeling comfortable investing for retirement on your own, you may want to consider using a financial advisor. Talk with your trusted friends or family members to get a recommendation.

Because an advisor introduces a new level of cost, be sure to ask how the person is compensated. Some advisors charge a flat fee, or an hourly rate, or some earn commissions — or combinations of the above.

Tips When Investing for Retirement

As you start investing for retirement, here are a few things that you’ll want to keep in mind:

Ask About Fees

Many investments come with fees that are charged by the advisor or company that manages the investment. These investment fees may be explicitly charged to your account, or they may be captured as part of the investment’s returns. Make sure to check any fees that are charged before you invest. There are many low-cost mutual funds that offer investment fees under 0.1% as compared to a financial advisor who may charge 1% or more. Even a small difference in the fees charged can make a huge difference on your returns when compounded over decades.

Plan for Taxes

You’ll also want to account for how your retirement investments will be taxed.

• Tax-Deferred Accounts

If you contribute to a traditional 401(k) or IRA, you may be eligible for a tax deduction in the tax year that you make the contribution (i.e. a contribution for tax year 2023 can be deducted on your 2023 taxes).

These accounts are called tax-deferred because you will owe taxes on your withdrawals.

• After-Tax Accounts

If you contribute to a Roth 401(k) or Roth IRA, you won’t get a tax deduction when you contribute — because you deposit after-tax dollars — instead, your withdrawals will be tax-free.

There are other differences between tax-deferred and after-tax accounts that can impact your nest egg. For example, once you reach the age of 73, you’re required to withdraw a minimum amount from a traditional IRA or 401(k) every year (also called RMDs or required minimum distributions). That doesn’t apply to Roth accounts.

• Taxable Investment Accounts

On the other hand, if you invest for retirement in a non-retirement or taxable account, you will owe income taxes on your gains whenever you sell those securities, which will affect your portfolio’s overall performance.

How Often Should I Adjust My Investments?

It’s generally considered a good idea to periodically adjust your investments by rebalancing your portfolio. Portfolio rebalancing is a way to adjust the mix of your investments. It means realigning the assets of a portfolio’s holdings to match your desired asset allocation.

If you have a robo advisor or investment advisor, they likely have you set up with a specific target of different types of investments. Over time, the advisor will rebalance your portfolio to keep it in line with your target percentages.

If you’re managing your investments yourself, you might rebalance your portfolio monthly, quarterly or annually, depending on the type of investments that you have.

The Takeaway

Investing for your retirement is one of the smartest things that you can do as part of an overall financial plan. While it may seem overwhelming, there are a few things that you can do to help streamline your investment plan.

Make sure that you understand the fees and taxes that come with different investment options. If you don’t feel comfortable managing your own portfolio, consider working with an advisor or investing in an automated portfolio.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Help grow your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

Can I invest for retirement if I have limited funds?

It is possible to invest for retirement if you have limited funds. In fact, if you have limited funds, that is one reason it’s even more important to invest for retirement. Especially if you are younger and have a long time before retirement, even a small amount can grow to be a sizable nest egg when its returns are compounded over many decades.

Should I adjust my investment strategy as I approach retirement?

How you choose to invest will depend on a number of factors, one of which is how close you are to retirement. One common strategy is to be more aggressive with your investment strategy when you are years or decades away from retirement. This can possibly lead to higher overall returns while you have a long time to smooth out the ups and downs of a high-risk, high-reward strategy. Then, as you get closer to retirement, you start to be more conservative with your investments in an attempt to better preserve capital.

What investment options are suitable for conservative investors?

Choosing your investment options will depend on your overall financial situation and tolerance for risk. Some examples of more conservative investments include bonds, cash, CDs, or Treasury bills. As you get closer to retirement, it can make sense to choose more conservative investments. You may give up some possible returns, but you may also be better insulated against large losses.

Photo credit: iStock/monkeybusinessimages

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Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Aug

2023

How to Rebalance Your 401(k)

By Rebecca Lake | invest, Investing, Preparing for Retirement | Comments Off

Rebalancing is the process of buying and selling assets in a portfolio to bring your allocations back into line with your investment goals. If you’re new to rebalancing 401(k) savings, it helps to know how it works and how often you might want to do it.

Making 401(k) contributions can help you build retirement wealth while enjoying some tax advantages. Periodic 401(k) rebalancing can ensure that your asset allocation aligns with your risk tolerance and financial goals.

This article is part of SoFi’s Retirement Planning Guide, our coverage of all the steps you need to create a successful retirement plan.

What Is Rebalancing Your 401(k)?

When you’re talking about a 401(k) rebalance, you’re talking about buying or selling investments in your workplace retirement plan to bring them back into alignment with the original percentages you started with.

Example

If you started with 50% in equities (stocks) and 50% in bonds, over time that portfolio balance will drift as the value of those securities rises or falls. You can then rebalance your portfolio to restore the original 50-50 ratio. (Or you can adjust your allocation according to a new ratio that reflects what you’re comfortable with today.)

Rebalancing isn’t the same as changing your 401(k) contributions. That usually refers to increasing — or decreasing — the amount of your salary you defer into your plan. If you’re wondering can you change your 401(k) contribution at any time, the answer is usually yes, though it might depend on your plan administrator’s rules.

When you rebalance 401(k) assets, you’re changing where you invest the money you contribute. How you determine your retirement goals and your risk tolerance can shape your ideal asset allocation.

When to Rebalance Your 401(k)

How often should I rebalance my 401(k)? It’s a common question, but there’s no uniform answer, as every investor’s needs and goals are different. As a general rule of thumb, you might revisit your 401(k) allocation at least once a year. But rebalancing 401(k) savings could make sense at any time when your allocation no longer matches up with your investment goals.

Life changes might affect your decision of how often to rebalance 401(k) assets. For example, you might need to take a second look at your assets if you get married, have a child, or get divorced. Any of those situations can influence the way you approach investing, including how much risk you’re comfortable taking and how much you might need your 401(k) to grow to hit your retirement target.

Age is also a consideration for deciding when to rebalance a portfolio. When you’re younger with years ahead of you to ride out periodic ups and downs in the market, you might not be too concerned with rebalancing your 401(k) assets. You can afford to take greater risks at this stage to earn greater rewards with your investments.
As you get older, however, you might naturally begin to gravitate toward more conservative investments. If you find yourself growing less tolerant of risk, that’s a sign that it might be time for some 401(k) rebalancing.

Recommended: Average Retirement Savings by Age

Example of Rebalancing a 401(k)

Rebalancing 401(k) assets is a fairly straightforward process. First, you’d need to decide what you want your target asset allocation to look like. From there, you’d either buy or sell assets until your portfolio achieves the right balance.

Let’s say that you’re 35 years old and your target 401(k) portfolio allocation is 85% stocks and 15% bonds. Upon checking your latest statement, realize that your asset makeup is actually 75% stocks and 25% bonds. You could rebalance 401(k) investments by selling 10% of your bond holdings, then reinvesting the proceeds into stocks.

You can do that without any tax consequences as long as you’re not withdrawing money from your plan. Should you decide later that it makes more sense to move back to a 75%/25% split, you could sell off some of your stocks and purchase bonds instead.

💡 Quick Tip: Want to lower your taxable income? Start saving for retirement by opening an IRA online. The money you save each year is tax deductible (and you don’t owe any taxes until you withdraw the funds, usually in retirement).

Benefits of Rebalancing Your 401(k)

What is rebalancing meant to do for you? A few things, actually, and there are good reasons to consider regular 401(k) rebalancing.

Here are some of the main advantages of paying attention to your 401(k) allocation.

• Manage risk. Rebalancing your retirement savings can help ensure that you’re not taking more risk with your investments than you’re comfortable with. At the same time, it allows you to see if you’re taking enough risk in order to reach your goals.

In the example above, rebalancing the portfolio so it has a higher percentage invested in stocks will increase the portfolio’s risk/reward ratio. Stocks tend to be higher-risk investments, with a higher risk of loss and a higher potential for rewards.

• Maximize returns. If your 401(k) allocation becomes too conservative, you could miss out on opportunities to earn greater returns. Rebalancing can prevent that from happening so that you have a better chance of achieving the level of returns you’re looking for.

• Keep pace with changing goals. As mentioned, life changes and age can influence your asset allocation preferences. Should your goals or needs change, rebalancing can help you adjust your financial plan both for the short- and long-term.

Is there a downside to 401(k) rebalancing? There can be if the investments you’re buying underperform and don’t deliver the level of returns you’re expecting. Another unintended consequence centers on cost. If you’re swapping out lower-cost investments in your 401(k) for ones with higher fees, that could offset any benefits you might realize in the form of better returns.

Steps for Rebalancing Your 401(k)

Ready to rebalance your 401(k)? The process itself isn’t that difficult, though you may want to spend some time researching the different investment options offered through your plan.

Calculate Current Asset Allocations

The first step in 401(k) rebalancing is figuring out what kind of asset split you currently have. In other words, what percentage of your account is dedicated to stocks, bonds, or other assets.

You may be able to do that by logging in to your 401(k) plan and checking your asset allocation. Many plan administrators offer online investment portfolio tracking so you can see at a glance how much you have invested in stocks, bonds, or other securities.

If your plan doesn’t automatically calculate your allocation, you can figure it out yourself by identifying the amount of money assigned to each investment, dividing it by the total value of your account, then multiplying by 100.

For example, say that you have $120,000 in your 401(k) and $72,000 of that is in stocks. If you divide $72,000 by $120,000, then multiply by 100, you get 60%. That means 60% of your 401(k) portfolio is stocks. You can perform the same calculation for each type of investment in your plan.

Compare to Target Asset Allocations

Once you know how your 401(k) assets break down, you can compare those percentages to your target percentages. For example, if you’ve got 60% of your 401(k) in stocks and your goal is 80% stocks, then you know you’ve got a 20% gap to close.

How you set your target allocations is entirely up to you and, again, it can depend on things like:

• Your age

• Risk tolerance

• Investment goals

• Time frame for investing

You might try using a basic rule of thumb like the rule of 100 or rule of 120 to find a starting point for allocating assets. These rules suggest subtracting your age from 100 or 120, then using that number as a guide for allocating your portfolio to stocks.

For example, if you’re 35, then based on the rule of 120, stocks should account for 85% of your portfolio. You could also look at how much you have saved versus what you need to save. This kind of retirement gap analysis can tell you how close or how far away you are to your goals and where you might need to adjust your savings strategy.

Sell Overweight Assets

Now that you know what your target allocation should be, you can take the next step and sell off overweight assets. These are the ones that are causing your asset allocation to skew away from your ideal alignment.

If you need more stocks, for example, then you’d sell off bonds. And if you want a more conservative allocation, you’d sell some of your stocks so you can use the money to buy more bonds.

Buy Underweight Assets

The last step is to buy underweight assets in order to bring your 401(k) portfolio back in line with where you want it to be. There are a couple of ways you can do this.

First, you could make a large, one-time purchase using the proceeds from the overweight assets that you sold. That might be easiest if you don’t want to make any changes to future allocations of your 401(k) contributions.

The other option is to change your allocations to direct future 401(k) contributions to underweight assets. What you have to keep in mind here is that once you reach your target allocation, you may need to change your future allocation preferences again so that you don’t accidentally end up overweight in one asset class.

One more possibility when considering how to manage 401(k) asset allocation is to check with your plan administrator to see if automatic rebalancing is an option. An automatic rebalance 401(k) feature could make keeping your allocation easier so you don’t have to spend as much time worrying about your assets.

Consider a Target Date Fund

If you want to skip rebalancing altogether, you might consider investing in a target date fund in your 401(k). Target date funds have an asset allocation that shifts automatically over time as you get closer to retirement.

You choose a target date fund based on your expected retirement date and the fund does the rest. Target date funds offer convenience since you don’t have to actively rebalance, but they might not be right for everyone. If the fund’s allocation doesn’t adjust in a way that’s consistent with your goals, you might be overexposed or underexposed to risk.

The Takeaway

When can I retire? It’s a big question, and if you’re contributing to a 401(k), it helps to know how to make the most of it. Rebalancing your 401(k) can help you stick to an asset allocation that makes the most sense for you. You also have the option of changing your allocation if your risk tolerance changes or your goals shift.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Easily manage your retirement savings with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

Is it good to rebalance your 401(k)?

It’s a good idea to rebalance your 401(k) if you’re concerned about taking too much risk — or not enough — with your investments. Rebalancing 401(k) assets is usually recommended when you experience life changes that affect your retirement goals and as you get older.

Should I rebalance my 401(k) before a recession?

Whether it makes sense to rebalance a 401(k) before a recession can depend on your current asset allocation and what you perceive the biggest threat to be should a recession occur. If you’re heavily invested in securities that are typically recession-proof or tend to fare well in economic downturns, then rebalancing might not be necessary. On the other hand, you might need to make some shifts in your 401(k) assets if you think a recession could expose you to more risk than you’re comfortable with.

Does it cost money to rebalance 401(k)?

It shouldn’t cost you any money to rebalance a 401(k), since you’re buying and selling assets in the same plan. You may want to ask your plan administrator whether any transaction fees will apply before you move ahead with 401(k) rebalancing. Keep in mind that taking money out of your plan to buy investments could cost you, since early withdrawals are subject to tax penalties.

Should I rebalance my 401(k) in a bear market?

Whether you should rebalance your 401(k) in a bear market can depend on the type of assets you’re holding and where you think stocks might be headed next. Bear markets can be opportunities for investors who are comfortable taking more risk, as you might be able to find investments at bargain prices when the market is down. Once the market recovers, those discounted investments might pay you back in the form of substantial gains as prices rise again.

Photo credit: iStock/miniseries

Aug

2023

Calculating If It’s Cheaper To Drive Or Fly Somewhere

By Janet Siroto | Budgeting & Goals, money | Comments Off

Maybe you are heading up the California coast to visit Yosemite, or perhaps there’s a wedding coming up at a small town in the Midwest that you definitely can’t miss. You may be stymied about whether it makes more sense to drive to your destination or fly and which is kinder on your wallet. There are a variety of factors to consider, such as how quickly you need to get where you are going; how expensive airfare is vs. a rental car and hotel room; whether you love road tripping or perhaps hate flying; and more.

So before you start booking flights for a getaway or thinking about tuning up your car for an adventure across several states, take a look at whether it’s cheaper to fly or drive. It may be an obvious choice or a personal decision, but here’s how to size up the dollars and cents.

Pros and Cons of Driving vs Flying

It can be easy to assume that the main benefit of flying is saving time and the main advantage of driving is saving money. However, it’s not quite so simple. In fact, the pros and cons of driving vs. flying depend on the type of trip you’re taking, your priorities, and your personal preferences. Here’s a look at some of the factors worth weighing.

Pros of Driving

When thinking about driving vs. flying, there are plenty of good reasons to get behind the wheel rather than head to the airport.

• When it comes to the “is driving cheaper than flying” question, the answer is often yes! It can be significantly cheaper to travel by car than by air, especially if you’re going with a large group of people. After all, six people flying to Vegas will each need their own ticket, but they can all pile into the same minivan.

• Also, will you need a car when you get to your destination? If you’re going to, say, spend a week at a national park that’s a two-hour flight from home, it might be less costly to drive there. That way, you don’t need to rent a vehicle as well as buy plane tickets so the money you need to save in a travel fund could be a lower amount.

• When considering the flying vs. driving conundrum, it’s worth noting that traveling by car can have other benefits beyond saving money. You can easily indulge in some sightseeing. Traveling by car offers flexibility so you can see the sights you want, whether that’s a quick detour through a national forest on your way across the country or planning a route that takes you from the Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C., to the National Blues Museum in St. Louis, to the Buffalo Bill Museum in Colorado. You can have fun and create memories while saving money on family travel too.

• Driving also means you can more easily access any type of food your heart desires, not just what’s available in the airport. Some people even plan their road trip routes to go through foodie cities — whether that means enchiladas and sopapillas in Santa Fe or pierogies in Pittsburgh — around dinner time to take advantage of local restaurants. (Of course, making smart choices about where to stop and what to order is one way to save money on a road trip.)

• Driving is likely more comfortable than being constrained to an airplane seat. If you’re six foot six and aren’t interested in spending five hours with your knees touching your chin, you might be more inclined to ride out a trip in the car — where you can stop to stretch as often as you need.

• If you’re traveling with a pet, such as a large dog, a car could be more comfortable for both of you as well.

One other benefit? Science shows us that the anticipation that builds in advance of a trip may lead to a happiness boost before the trip and could even help you enjoy the vacation more. That means that a long drive to get to your vacation destination might make the trip even sweeter when you finally do arrive.

Cons of Driving

Let’s be honest, though: When thinking about diving vs. flying, hitting the road has its downsides, too, however.

• One of the more significant disadvantages, of course, is that you can’t just sit back and relax while you’re driving — you’re the one responsible for making sure the car gets there safely.

• It also can take more work to plan a trip, as you have to choose what route you’ll take, where you’ll stay, and whether you’ll be hitting drive-throughs from California to New York or making reservations at noteworthy restaurants along your route. If you don’t do that prep work, you may end up piling into any motel you can find and grabbing food at any dingy rest stop. Nothing like driving for hours with greasy fast-food bags stinking up your car with stale french fry smell, right?

• There’s also the consideration of the cost of gas and wear and tear to your car — though there are, of course, steps you can take to increase mileage and save money on gas. When you get on the road, you are risking a flat tire or worse, so it’s worth thinking about how you’d handle a roadside emergency. And the fact that you need to bring your A game and alertness for a long-haul trip.

• And we can’t forget one of the main reasons many people choose to fly vs. drive: it takes a whole lot longer to drive than to fly. Think about cruising cross-country by car versus hopping a red-eye from Los Angeles to New York: One takes days, the other takes hours.

Pros of Flying

Booking a plane ticket is often the best option when deciding whether flying vs. driving is the best way to travel.

• It’s faster — a whole lot faster! If you’re taking a business trip to attend a crucial half-day meeting in another city, your highest priority might be the speed of flying in and out. That time-saving advantage is one of the biggest pros when it comes to choosing to fly. A trip that could take days of driving might only take hours in the air.

• Air travel can be more relaxing. You’re free to close your eyes and snooze away the hours until you arrive at your final destination. There’s no question of what route to take, where to stop, and when you’ll leave and arrive — the airline has that all figured out for you. You can take off from New York and wake up in L.A. ready to roll, without the exhaustion of a multi-day road trip holding you back.

• Flying can be cheaper than driving. How, you ask? If your road trip involves an overnight stay at a hotel, it might tip the car travel into more expensive territory. The driving vs. flying cost might wind up surprising you!

Cons of Flying

Of course, there are downsides to flying to mull over also.

• You’ll pay a premium in exchange for a speedy arrival and the convenience of flying. It is often more expensive to fly than to drive — possibly a lot more expensive. And if you are traveling with your squad or family, that price differential will be magnified.

Sometimes, on short flights, the time differential between flying and driving isn’t that much. If you’re thinking of taking a 60-minute flight versus a five-hour drive, it might be a wash when you think about getting to the airport, going through security, waiting to board, retrieving your luggage…you might actually be better off driving in terms of time invested.

• You might also have to sacrifice a little personal space and dignity when flying. Airplane seats can be a tight squeeze, and more and more people are packed onto flights. This means that you can pretty much count on being kind of uncomfortable while you engage in a silent but cutthroat battle with your seatmate over who gets to use the single armrest.

• And if you’re a nervous flier, the anxiety of air travel might outweigh the benefit of getting to your destination sooner.

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Is It Cheaper to Fly or Drive?

For many people, the factor of whether it’s cheaper to fly or drive will determine how they travel. While you may be tempted to merely compare ticket prices to gas prices to decide which one is cheaper, don’t forget to take into account extra costs like eating out, luggage fees, and hotel rooms. These can wind up emptying out your checking account rather quickly! Let’s break this down for you in a bit more detail.

Calculating the Cost of Driving

Here are a few travel costs of driving to consider:

• Gas

• Hotel rooms

• Eating out

• Car maintenance

• Possibility of having to rent a car if you don’t own one or yours isn’t available

• Tolls

Hotel Rooms

There is of course a huge price spread in hotel rooms. If you are going to stay in a motel when driving, it will be much more affordable than pulling into a city and staying at a posh hotel fee where even garaging your car can be a considerable expense.

Maybe, however, you could use points from your rewards credit card to book a room, or perhaps you are a frequent guest at a hotel chain and could bring the cost down. These are among the many ways to lower hotel costs.

Opportunity Cost of Time Spent Driving

Another thing to consider is what you lose if you spend more than, say, a day driving. Do you have to take unpaid time off from work? Do you need to hire childcare since your kids are in school while you’re away? Think through the implications before you opt for a long haul on the highway.

Calculating the Cost of Flying

Now, think about the costs associated with flying:

• Ticket

• Seating choice

• Luggage fees

• Eating out

• Transportation to and from the airport

• Airport parking

• Car rental, if needed

Rental Cars

The cost and availability of a rental car can vary tremendously. If you are renting a car in a small suburb, it likely won’t cost as much as hopping into the driver’s seat over Memorial Day weekend at a major city’s airport. Your destination city, location of car pickup and dropoff, size and style of car, and timing will all matter.

You can scan what rental company or credit card rewards might lower the price if you need to rent a car after a flight.

Accessing Remote Areas

Another factor to consider is where you’re heading to. Not all locations are easily and affordably accessed by plane. For instance, if you are heading to a destination wedding in the Rockies over the summer, you may find that the direct flights that were plentiful and lower-priced during ski season have become sparse, booked-up, and pricier than you expected.

Or you might find that the closest airport is hours away from your destination, so you will be renting a car and driving anyway. That could tip the balance and lead you to decide to drive the whole way vs. flying.

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A Rule of Thumb for Deciding Which Saves You More Money

As far as rules of thumb, some say for trips of around 600 miles or shorter, it’s wiser to drive.

For longer trips, the value of driving will decline as the distance increases, unless of course you want to experience the pleasures of a road trip and stop off at some other places en route.

Obviously, there are also such variables as whether you are traveling a common and readily available route, such as from New York, New York, to Orlando, Florida, or if you are covering ground between two Western US locations that have infrequent and expensive flights.

Luckily, in this day and age, you don’t need a map and a calculator to figure out which transportation method will be more cost-efficient. You can easily use an online calculator like this one from Travelmath or this
one from BeFrugal to get an idea of how travel costs may compare whether you are driving or flying. Thankfully, technology is here to help you make the best choice for whatever trip you may be planning. Bon voyage!

SoFi: Better Banking at Home and on the Road

Technology isn’t just making travel-planning better; it’s improving banking too. And at SoFi we use it to bring you smart, seamless, and super-simple ways to manage your money.

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FAQ

Is driving cheaper than flying?

Driving typically costs less than flying, but if you wind up needing to pay for lodging en route, it might not be as good a deal. You can use online tools to compare driving and flying costs for different itineraries.

How much more expensive is flying than driving?

Flying is typically more expensive than driving, but it’s important to consider other factors. For instance, if you fly to your destination, will you then need to rent a car? It can be helpful to use online tools to compare costs and find the best deal for the particular itinerary you have planned.

Is it more energy-efficient to fly or drive?

In recent years, studies have indicated that flying may be better than driving. However, the answer to this question depends on how many people are in your party. When multiple people share a road trip, the emissions per person are lowered. This, in turn, makes driving more environmentally friendly than taking to the skies. But if the choice is flying or driving cross-country solo, you’d be better off with the plane.

Should you drive 5 hours or fly?

If you drive five hours at 60 miles per hour, you will cover about 300 miles. That is considered a fairly short trip and so you may well be better off driving.

Is it better to drive 12 hours or fly?

If you drive 12 hours at 60 miles per hour, you will cover about 720 miles. That’s a significant distance, and it will deprive you of a day and a half of productive time, whether that means earning money or taking care of your family. Only you can assess which option makes more sense, based on cost, scheduling, and other factors.

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SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

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SOBK0723021

Aug

2023

Guide to Weekly Budgets

By Kim Franke-Folstad | Budgeting & Goals, Financial Independence, money | Comments Off

A budget can be a great and necessary way to take control of your finances. It helps you track money coming in and going out, which could mean your spending on necessities, fun experiences, and saving for the future.

While many people prefer a monthly budget, a weekly budget can be a better option for others. It gives added control and flexibility in wrangling your finances. For instance, if you get hit with a bigger than expected bill in the first week of a month, you can take steps to accommodate that. Or, if you wind up getting a rebate, you might decide to allocate that towards debt ASAP.

Here, you’ll learn more about this process, including:

• What is a weekly budget?

• How do you budget weekly?

• What are the pros and cons of a weekly budget?

What Is a Weekly Budget

A weekly budget is a way to organize your finances and manage your money on a weekly cycle. It can help show you the money you have coming in, how much you’ll need for the necessities of life (housing, food, utilities, healthcare, etc.), how much you can spend on the wants in your world (dining out, entertainment, travel, cool gear), and how much should be set aside for savings.

For many people, a weekly guardrail like this helps them ensure their cash is tracking properly.

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How Weekly Budgets Work

Here’s how a weekly budget works:

• Figure out your take-home pay per week. This likely requires a bit of basic division since many people are paid bi-weekly or at another cadence.

• Next, look at your spending on necessities, such as housing, utilities, basic food (but not dining out or those vanilla lattes), minimum debt payments, healthcare, and insurance.

• Subtract those expenses from your income. See how much is left.

• From this remaining amount, allocate how much you can spend on “fun” items, such as dining out or takeout, clothing that isn’t vital, entertainment, travel, and the like.

• Also remember to allocate funds for savings. Many experts recommend a figure of 20% but that may vary depending on your cost of living, debt, and other factors.

• Now that you see how much money is coming in and how much remains for spending after the needs of life are paid for, you can track and manage your spending and saving weekly to make sure you are hitting your marks.

Benefits of a Weekly Budget

If you think tracking your money with a monthly household budget is a pain, the idea of putting even more effort into the process — and breaking it down by the week — may feel like overkill. But there could be some benefits to be had from the effort.

Here are a few pros and cons to consider:

Pro: More Flexibility

Life doesn’t always follow a schedule. A monthly budget can be a good fit for fixed expenses that are paid once a month (rent and car payments, student loan payments, etc.), or even quarterly or annual bills (insurance payments, subscriptions, and memberships). But other costs can be less predictable, such as dining out with friends, unexpected car repairs, clothing purchases; gifts; or an occasional massage or pedicure splurge.

Especially when it comes to discretionary expenses, using a weekly budget could help you spot when, where, and why you overspent in a certain category. And you can react more quickly to make changes to get back on track. In these ways, living on a budget can be a real advantage.

If you sit down to review your spending every week, instead of just once a month, you may be able to run through your transactions more quickly. And the less time-consuming and tedious your budget routine is, the less annoying it may be — which might make it easier to stay with it.

Pro: Planning Around Paychecks

If, like most Americans, you’re paid every week or every other week — or your spouse is — a weekly or biweekly budget could offer more flexibility for saving and spending.

People who are paid weekly have some months with four paychecks and some months with five. Those who are paid every other week have some months with two paychecks and some months with three.

A weekly budget could help pinpoint those extra paydays so you can take advantage of the opportunity to work on a short- or long-term goal. You might stockpile a few grocery-store staples that could help tide you over during leaner months, for example. Or you may want to set aside the money to start an emergency fund. Or you could use it to save for a wedding, honeymoon, or vacation.

Pro: Simplifying Savings

Switching to a budget that aligns with weekly or biweekly paydays also could make saving more manageable.

If you’re enrolled in a 401(k) or similar investment savings plan at work, you may already be making contributions each payday. You could do the same thing with your savings account by using a direct deposit from your paycheck. Or you could set up automatic transfers and move money from your checking account to your savings account each week.

Keep in mind that the more interest you earn, the faster you can get to your goals. So you may want to spend some time shopping for an account that offers both a competitive interest rate and innovative ways to manage your finances.

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Downsides of a Weekly Budget

As you might expect, there are also some cons of a weekly budget. Consider the following:

Con: Too Much Temptation

The added flexibility that can make a weekly budget appealing also could make it easier for some individuals and households to be tempted off course — especially when it comes to discretionary spending. Telling yourself that you’ll spend less “next week” to justify getting what you want right now could become a habit. An important part of successful budgeting is sticking to the budget.

With that in mind, you might want to tuck each week’s discretionary money into an envelope …and when it’s gone, it’s gone. Using a tracking app to keep track of your expenses on your phone or tablet also could help.

Recommended: Envelope Budgeting Method

Con: Weekly Check-ins Could Become Overwhelming

Taking the time each week to review your purchases and update your budget may not be realistic for some people. If finding time to check in with your budget each week feels too overwhelming you may want to try a bi-weekly or monthly approach.

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4 Steps To Create a Weekly Budget

Making a budget — whether it’s set up to be weekly, biweekly, monthly, or a bit of a combo — can be a good way to get control of your finances. Here’s are some steps to setting up a weekly budget template:

1. Pull Together Your Paperwork

If you want your budget to be useful, it should be as accurate as possible. So you’ll probably want to pull together some paperwork to help get it right, including your most recent pay stubs, bank statements, utility bills, insurance bills, credit card bills and loan statements, and any other recurring bills you can think of. You may also find it helps to have tracked your spending (on paper or with an app) for a while before you sit down to create your budget. Or you may want to collect recent grocery store, drug store, and restaurant receipts to help you estimate those costs.

2. Calculate Your Weekly Income

Write down all your income sources for a month. (If you’re married, include your spouse’s income sources. If you’re a freelancer or your income is unpredictable, you may want to calculate the average over the past three or four months.) Find your take-home amount (what you get after taxes and other payroll deductions) and divide it by four.

3. Make a Realistic List of Your Expenses

Using a budgeting program or app, a spreadsheet, or maybe just a notebook, write down all your expenses for the month. It can help to break down those costs by categories, such as:

• Housing costs. Things like your rent or mortgage, utilities, or other expenses

• Transportation. Costs like car payments, insurance, gas, and maintenance

• Food and groceries

• If you have children, costs like child care, tuition, activities, and more

• Financial expenses, such as bank fees or taxes

• Savings and investing. Contributions to 401(k) or IRA, emergency fund

• Health Care. Prescriptions, dental care, co-pays, and more

• Personal spending. Clothes, shoes, gym membership

• Entertainment. Movies, special events, streaming services, books, and more

Keep in mind that the categories you include in your budget will be influenced by your wants, needs, and spending habits.

You may decide you want to use a monthly budget for some expenses (utility bills and other fixed expenses) and a weekly budget for others (such as discretionary expenses, debt payments, and savings). But if you want to go weekly with everything, the math isn’t all that complicated. To convert monthly amounts into weekly spend amounts, multiply the monthly figure by 12 and then divide by 52.

4. Deduct Expenses from Income

Add up your weekly expenses and subtract that number from your weekly income. If you come out ahead, you could add more to your savings and investments, pay down debt even faster, or add more of a cushion to another category on your list. If you come out even, you may want to adjust your discretionary spending a bit, so an unexpected cost doesn’t throw you off track.

If you come out with a negative number, you may have to make some decisions about what costs you can cut or even get rid of.

Especially when you’re starting out, it may help to use a budget framework similar to the 50/30/20 budget rule, which suggests keeping essential costs to 50% or less, discretionary costs to 30% or less, and setting at least 20% aside for savings if you can. If your percentages are where you want them, you have a budget.

Recommended: See how your money is categorized using the 50/30/20 budget calculator.

Test the Budget and Adjust

Once you have a budget you feel comfortable with, it’s time to test your new spending and savings strategy. You might decide to use a tracking app to see how you’re doing, but you also may benefit from actually sitting down to go over the numbers once a week. (This could be particularly helpful for married couples who are sharing a couples budget.)

If you spot any problem areas or realize you forgot something, you can always make adjustments. If something happens to change your income or expenses (a raise, a new job, a job loss, a big purchase, or a baby), you can adjust again.

Don’t be discouraged if the budget you built doesn’t work out the first time you use it. You may have to develop new habits. Or you may need to get some help with ditching your debt or determining your financial goals.

The Takeaway

Setting up a weekly budget could make it easier to stay on top of your spending by streamlining the number of transactions you have to track and helping you spotlight any areas you may be overspending in. However, for some, checking in and tracking your spending and transaction each week could become overwhelming. An app, possibly provided by your bank, could help.

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FAQ

What should a weekly budget include?

A weekly budget should include your income, your necessary expenses (housing, utilities, food, healthcare, and more), your discretionary expenses (eating out, travel, entertainment), and your savings.

How do you budget weekly money?

To budget money weekly, you will need to divide your take-home pay into weekly amounts and then do the same with your spending on needs and wants, as well as savings. You want to be sure your weekly income can cover those expenditures.

What does having a weekly budget mean?

Having a weekly budget means you are balancing your income, spending, and saving on a weekly basis. This can be a good way to stay in close touch with your money, though for some people it might feel like overkill vs. monthly budgeting.

Photo credit: iStock/Prostock-Studio