Second Mortgage vs. Home Equity Loan
When you bought your home, you probably got a mortgage to pay for it. That loan is your first mortgage; any other loans you take out against your home while you’re still paying off your first mortgage are second mortgages. Is a HELOC a second mortgage? What about a home equity loan? Yes, and yes. A home equity line of credit (HELOC) and a home equity loan both take a backseat to your primary mortgage. Read on to learn more about how second mortgages and home equity loans work.
Key Points
• A second mortgage and a home equity loan are both secured by your home and are subordinate to the primary mortgage in foreclosure.
• Home equity loans provide a lump sum with fixed interest, while a home equity line of credit (HELOC) offers a revolving line of credit with variable rates.
• Benefits include accessing large sums, lower interest rates, and potential tax deductions; risks include foreclosure and variable rates.
• Responsible borrowing tips include borrowing only what is needed, comparing lenders, and understanding the risks involved.
• Researching lenders and understanding risks is crucial to finding the best terms and avoiding financial pitfalls.
What Is a Second Mortgage?
A second mortgage is a loan that’s secured by a home on which you already have an existing mortgage. Second mortgages are also referred to as junior liens or subordinate liens. A lien is a legal claim a creditor can make against a property to satisfy a debt.
Why do you need to distinguish a second mortgage from a first mortgage loan? The difference matters because of what happens to mortgage debt if a borrower ends up in foreclosure.
Say that a homeowner loses their job or can’t work because of a serious illness. They fall behind on payments to their primary mortgage, as well as on their home equity loan. If the home is eventually sold through foreclosure, any proceeds would go to the primary mortgage lender first. Anything left over would go to cover the second mortgage.
What Is a Home Equity Loan?
A home equity loan is a loan that’s secured by your home. In other words, your home is the collateral for the loan. Home equity loans are a way to tap into your home equity without selling the property. Equity is the difference between what you owe to your primary mortgage balance and your home’s fair market value.
Here’s how to calculate home equity:
• Find your current mortgage balance (check your most recent statement).
• Estimate your home’s fair market value using a free online valuation tool such as Zillow or Redfin.
• Subtract your mortgage balance from your home’s value.
A home equity loan gives you a lump sum of money that you can use for virtually anything. Some of the most popular ways to use home equity include debt consolidation, home repairs and improvements, medical bills, and other large expenses.
Types of Second Mortgages
There are two primary types of second mortgages: home equity loans and home equity lines of credit (HELOCs). There is no difference between them in terms of how they rank as second mortgages, and most people who have a second mortgage have one or the other.
There are, however, a few other differences between a home equity loan and a HELOC.
• A home equity loan lets you borrow a lump sum, which you pay back with interest, typically at a fixed rate. You begin paying back the loan as soon as you receive the funds.
• A HELOC is a revolving line of credit that you can draw against as needed, only paying interest on the amount of your credit line you use. HELOCs often have variable interest rates, rather than fixed rates. You can borrow against the credit line for a period of time — say, 10 or 15 years — and in most cases you are only required to pay back the principal after that initial “draw” period.
Another type of second mortgage is a piggyback mortgage. When you “piggyback” loans, you take out a primary mortgage and a second mortgage (either a home equity loan or a HELOC) at the same time. Lenders may allow borrowers to piggyback mortgages to buy a home without having to pay private mortgage insurance (PMI).5 (SoFi offers first mortgages, home equity loans, and HELOCs, but it does not offer piggyback mortgages.)
Second Mortgage Example
Here’s an example of how a second mortgage — in the form of a home equity loan — works. Let’s say that you have a primary mortgage that you owe $320,000 on. Your monthly payments are $2,100, and you have 20 years left in your loan term.
You want to get a home equity loan to replace your roof and make some other improvements. You’re approved for a $50,000 home equity loan at 8.00%, with a 30-year repayment term. You’ll now have two mortgage payments to make:
• $2,100 to your first mortgage
• $367 to your home equity loan
Your home equity loan repayment term and interest rate determine your total cost to borrow. Choosing a shorter term can save money on interest but increase monthly payments, while a longer term can mean more interest paid but a lower monthly payment.
Difference Between a Second Mortgage and a Home Equity Loan
There’s no real difference between a second mortgage vs. a HELOC, or a home equity loan. Home equity loans and HELOCs create debt obligations, both of which are subordinate to any primary mortgage loan you owe. The only difference lies in how they’re structured.
If you’re pondering a second mortgage, consider whether you can afford the additional payments required and what type of loan to get. You might lean toward a home equity loan if you’d like to get a lump sum and you want the predictability of a fixed interest rate. HELOCs may offer lower rates and greater flexibility, but you run the risk of ending up with a higher payment if the rate increases.
Also, think about your purpose. If you need money to pay for a large expense like a wedding, for example, you might choose a personal loan or line of credit instead so that you don’t have to create second mortgage debt. If something were to happen and you fall behind on payments, your house wouldn’t be at risk for a personal loan.
Pros and Cons of Home Equity Loans
Home equity loans and HELOCs have advantages and disadvantages. Looking at both sides can help you decide whether to use your home as collateral for an equity loan.
thumb_up
Pros:
• Home equity loans and HELOCs can let you tap into a large amount of cash.
• You can use the money you borrow for virtually any expense.
• Interest rates may be lower than what you’d pay for a personal loan or line of credit.
• Home equity loan and HELOC interest is tax-deductible when you use the money to substantially repair or improve the home that secures the loan. Consult a tax advisor about this deduction.
thumb_down
Cons:
• Failure to repay a home equity loan or HELOC could put your home at risk of foreclosure
• If you get a home equity loan, you’ll pay interest on the entire loan amount, even if you don’t use all the money.
• Variable-rate HELOCs can become more expensive over time if rates increase.
• You’ll generally need good credit and steady income to qualify for either of these second mortgages.
Home Equity Loans Tips
Home equity loans can help you achieve your financial goals if you’re taking the right approach to use them. Here are a few tips for making the most of your home equity loan or HELOC.
• Only borrow what you need. You might apply for a home equity loan and get approved for a substantial sum, but remember that you’ll have to pay that amount back with interest. Only borrow what you need to keep your loan payments and total costs as low as possible.
• Compare lenders. Shop around to check out what different lenders have to offer for home equity loans. Look at the interest rates, repayment terms, fees, and loan amounts available to find the lender that aligns with your needs.
• Get preapproved. Home equity loan or HELOC preapproval can give you an idea of what terms you’re likely to qualify for. Getting preapproved means a lender performs an initial assessment of your credit and finances; you’ll still need to follow up with a full loan application.
The Takeaway
Home equity loans and HELOCs can put cash in your hands, though they don’t work the same way. Before getting either type of second mortgage, consider the potential risks if you’re unable to keep up with the loan payments, and take time to research lenders.
SoFi now offers home equity loans. We also partner with Spring EQ to offer flexible HELOCs. Enjoy lower interest rates than most other types of loans. Cover big purchases, fund home renovations, or consolidate high-interest debt.
FAQ
Is a home equity loan considered a second mortgage?
A home equity loan is a type of second mortgage because it is a loan that is secured by your home. Second mortgage loans are subordinate to primary mortgage loans if your home falls into foreclosure, meaning the lender on the primary mortgage gets repaid first if the home is sold.
How is a HELOC different than a second mortgage?
A HELOC is one type of second mortgage, but it comes in the form of a line of credit. You can borrow against your home equity line of credit as needed, and you only pay interest on the amount of your credit line you use.
How are the interest rates different for a home equity loan vs. a second mortgage?
Home equity loans tend to have fixed interest rates, which means the rate doesn’t change over time. Home equity lines of credit, another type of second mortgage, can have variable rates that go up or down following changes in an underlying benchmark rate. As a rule, second mortgage loan rates tend to be higher than primary mortgage loan rates.
Is a home equity loan better than a second mortgage?
A home equity loan is a type of second mortgage, so there’s no question of whether it’s better or worse. Getting a second mortgage, whether it’s a home equity loan or HELOC, could give you access to cash, but it also means pledging your home as collateral and adding a second payment to your monthly budget.
Can I qualify for both a second mortgage and a home equity loan at the same time?
A home equity loan is a type of second mortgage, so you really wouldn’t be applying for two separate things at the same time.
Photo credit: iStock/Rawpixel
SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.
SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.
*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
²SoFi Bank, N.A. NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC), offers loans directly or we may assist you in obtaining a loan from SpringEQ, a state licensed lender, NMLS #1464945.
All loan terms, fees, and rates may vary based upon your individual financial and personal circumstances and state.You should consider and discuss with your loan officer whether a Cash Out Refinance, Home Equity Loan or a Home Equity Line of Credit is appropriate. Please note that the SoFi member discount does not apply to Home Equity Loans or Lines of Credit not originated by SoFi Bank. Terms and conditions will apply. Before you apply, please note that not all products are offered in all states, and all loans are subject to eligibility restrictions and limitations, including requirements related to loan applicant’s credit, income, property, and a minimum loan amount. Lowest rates are reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. Products, rates, benefits, terms, and conditions are subject to change without notice. Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria. Information current as of 06/27/24.In the event SoFi serves as broker to Spring EQ for your loan, SoFi will be paid a fee.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.
Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.
Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
SOHL-Q225-039
Read more