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Teaching financial literacy to kids from an early age can yield lifelong benefits. Understanding how money works, how to manage it effectively, and how to make informed financial decisions can significantly impact a young person’s future.

While a growing number of high schools require students to take a course in economics or personal finance to graduate, many young people leave high school, and even college, without a solid understanding of personal finance. This can leave them vulnerable to debt, poor financial decisions, and missed opportunities for building wealth.

Below, we’ll explore the importance of financial literacy for students, key topics they should understand, and resources available to help both students and parents build financial knowledge.

Why Financial Literacy Is Important for Students

Financial literacy refers to the knowledge and skills needed to make informed decisions about managing money. For students, financial literacy is particularly important because they are at a pivotal stage in life where financial habits and decisions can have long-term effects. According to a recent survey by the National Financial Educators Council, lack of money knowledge cost the average American adult $1,015 in 2024.

Many students also face financial responsibilities early in life, such as managing a budget for college expenses, opening their first bank account, applying for student loans, or using credit cards. Without financial literacy, they may struggle with debt, overspending, poor credit scores, and missed opportunities to build wealth.

Key Topics Students Should Understand

One challenge of navigating financial education for students is deciding what’s most important for them to learn. Breaking personal finance down into smaller subtopics can make teaching financial literacy easier.

Basic Finance Concepts

At the core of financial literacy are fundamental finance concepts that students will want to understand early on. These include:

•   Income: Understanding different sources of income (e.g., wages, investments, side hustles).

•  Expenses: Differentiating between necessary expenses (rent, utilities, groceries, transportation) and nonessential, or discretionary, expenses (dining out, entertainment, clothing not needed for work).

•  Savings: Learning the importance of saving for emergencies, future goals, and retirement.

Teaching students these basics helps them see the big picture of how money flows in and out of their lives.

Budgeting

A budget is a plan for spending money each month. On one side, you have your income and any other earnings, and on the other, you have the money that you spend and save/invest for the future. These two sides should balance.

Key steps in budgeting for beginners include:

•   Listing all sources of income (e.g., job, allowance, scholarships)

•   Listing all expenses (e.g., rent, groceries, transportation)

•   Separating needs from wants

•   Adjusting spending based on available income and savings goals

•   Using budgeting apps to monitor and adjust spending habits

Teaching students how to budget prepares them to manage their money effectively and avoid financial stress.

Bank Accounts and Terms

Banking is another important concept to tackle when discussing financial education for students. Understanding how bank accounts work is essential for managing money. It’s key for students to understand these concepts and terms:

•   Checking account: A checking account is designed for everyday money management. It gives you a place to deposit your paychecks and any other earnings, and comes with checks and a debit card, making it easy to access your money.

•   Savings account: A savings account is used for storing money you don’t need right away and earning interest. Some banks limit withdrawals from savings accounts to six per month.

•   Interest rate: Interest is the return you earn for putting your savings in a bank, typically expressed as a percentage of the principal (original) amount. Interest is also the cost of borrowing money.

•   Overdraft fee: This is a charge for withdrawing more money than is available in an account.

Encouraging students to open and manage their own bank accounts helps them learn accountability and develop positive financial habits.

Recommended: How to Open a Bank Account

Credit Scores

A credit score is a numerical representation of how likely you are to repay a loan on time, based on your credit history. It’s important for students to understand:

•   How credit scores are calculated: Credit scoring models look at your payment history, how much of your available credit you are using, recent credit applications, and length of your credit history, among other factors.

•   Importance of a good credit score: A higher score makes it easier to get approved for credit cards, housing, and loans. It also gives you access to better rates and terms on credit cards and loans.

•   How to build credit: You can start building credit by becoming an authorized user on a parent’s credit card, getting your own credit card and using it responsibly, and avoiding too many new credit inquiries.

Learning about credit scores early helps students avoid damaging their financial future.

Debt Management

Debt is often unavoidable, but managing it effectively is crucial. Important concepts include:

•   Good debt vs. bad debt: Education loans and mortgages are often considered “good” debts because they can increase earning potential and help build wealth, while credit card debt with high interest is typically considered “bad” debt.

•   Minimum payments: Paying only the minimum on credit cards increases overall debt due to interest charges.

•   Debt snowball vs. avalanche method: These are strategies to pay off debt — snowball focuses on small debts first, avalanche tackles high-interest debts first.

Helping students use debt wisely, avoid racking up “bad” debt, and developing smart debt repayment plans can prevent financial stress and improve their financial future.

Basic Investing Concepts

Investing is a powerful way to build wealth over time. Students will want to understand:

•   Types of investments: You can invest in stocks (ownership shares of a company), bonds (a loan to a government, agency, or company), mutual funds (where you pool your money with other investors to buy stocks, bonds, and other investments), and real estate.

•   Compound returns: This refers to the returns you earn both on your initial investment and on the returns you’ve already accumulated. Compounding allows your money to grow at an increasingly faster rate.

•   Risk and return: Investing comes with risk. Generally the higher the potential return, the higher the risk of loss.

•   Diversification: Spreading investments across different types helps reduce overall risk.

Teaching students about investing early helps them take advantage of time and compound growth.

Taxes

Understanding how taxes work helps students avoid surprises and plan ahead. Key concepts include:

•   Income tax: This is the percentage of your income you pay to the government.

•   Deductions and credits: Deductions reduce your total amount of taxable income, while credits reduce the total tax due (which is more valuable than a deduction).

•   Filing requirements: Students need to learn how to file a tax return and what forms to use.

Understanding taxes helps students avoid penalties and maximize their refunds.

Mortgages

While mortgages may seem far off for students, understanding them early helps prepare for future homeownership. It’s important for students to know about:

•   Down payments: This is the upfront payment required when buying a home and is typically a percentage of a home’s purchase price. The more you put down on a home, the less you need to borrow — and the more money you save on interest over the life of the loan.

•   Interest rates: When you have a mortgage, you pay interest on the amount of the loan that you haven’t yet repaid to your lender. Your interest rate affects the overall cost of a mortgage.

•   Fixed vs. adjustable rates: Fixed rates remain constant over the life of the loan; adjustable rates can fluctuate based on market conditions.

Basic knowledge of mortgages helps students make better decisions about housing in the future.

Recommended: Savings Goal Calculator

Loans and Credit Cards

Student loans, car loans, mortgages, credit cards — they’re all ways that students can borrow money but they don’t all work the same way. So it’s a good idea for students to understand concepts like:

•   Revolving vs. installment debt Revolving debt, like credit cards, allows you to borrow and repay repeatedly within a credit limit. Installment debt, like a car loan or mortgage, is repaid in fixed payments over a set period (or term).

•   Credit limit: A credit limit is the maximum amount of money you can borrow or spend on a credit card or line of credit at any given time, set by the lender.

•   Payment terms: Payment terms include the minimum amount due each month on a credit card or loan and the date it needs to be paid by. Paying on time avoids late fees and damage to credit.

Teaching responsible borrowing habits prevents students from falling into debt traps.

How Parents Can Get Involved

Teaching financial literacy isn’t limited to school; students can also learn about money at home with their parents’ help.

Some of the best ways to teach students about finance are through hands-on activities. For example, parents could:

•   Help their child open a student bank account.

•   Pay kids an allowance and walk them through how to create a monthly budget.

•   Encourage students to set financial goals and save money toward them.

•   Offer to match savings by giving a child a percentage of what they save to encourage consistent saving.

•   Expose students to situations that require financial decision-making, like planning a family vacation or completing a weekly grocery shopping trip.

Parents can also teach by example if they practice healthy money habits. That includes things like making or reviewing the family budget, paying bills on time, resisting impulse purchases when shopping, and saving money regularly.

Tools to Help Teach Financial Literacy

Online tools, including games or interactive websites, can help with teaching financial literacy for kids. Using these tools helps students learn through real-life examples and interactive experiences. Here are a few resources to check out.

•   Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB): The CFPB offers plenty of financial education resources for kids, parents and teachers, including links to interactive games, articles, and detailed lesson plans covering core finance topics.

•   Banzai: This free financial education platform teaches real-world finance lessons and practical skills and can be used by teachers as well as students of all ages.

•   Hands On Banking: This site offers access to free financial literacy content in both English and Spanish, with courses for elementary, middle, and high school students. There are also separate sections for educators, as well as parents.

•   CashCourse: A crash course in financial literacy for students, access is free for students, educators, and anyone else who’s interested in expanding their money knowledge.

•   FinAid: This is a hub for information about paying for college, with information on student loans, grants, scholarships, and work-study programs, along with calculators that can help students estimate the cost of earning a degree.

•   FINRA Investor Education Foundation: This site is packed with resources to help students learn about everything from building emergency savings and buying a car to investing in the market.

•   Bank and credit union programs: Many banks and other financial institutions offer free, comprehensive, and often beginner-friendly financial literacy programs.

The Takeaway

Financial literacy is a critical skill that empowers young people to make informed decisions about their money. When students understand financial basics (like budgeting, saving, investing, debt management, and taxes), they’re generally better prepared to navigate adulthood, avoid common financial mistakes, and create a stable financial future.
If students aren’t learning financial literacy in school, parents can step in to help teach essential lessons about money at home. Parents can also lead by example. Showing your kids how you achieve your goals through budgeting, saving, and investing can give them the knowledge and confidence to do the same.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 3.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

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photo credit: iStock/Chong Kee Siong
SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 11/12/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

We do not charge any account, service or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge a transaction fee to process each outgoing wire transfer. SoFi does not charge a fee for incoming wire transfers, however the sending bank may charge a fee. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Bank Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.
Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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Minimalism is a lifestyle choice that centers on embracing simplicity and eliminating physical, mental, or emotional clutter. Financial minimalism is an extension of that idea. It advocates for spending less on material items and investing your time, money, and energy into experiences that enrich your life in some way.

Becoming a financial minimalist can help you to improve your money situation if you’re able to pay down debt, grow savings, and invest to build wealth while still enjoying life. Adopting a minimalist finance approach can take some getting used to, but can have a significant payoff, including less financial stress.

Read on to learn:

•   What financial minimalism means.

•   What the benefits of financial minimalism are.

•   How to practice financial minimalism.

What Is Financial Minimalism?

There’s no set definition of financial minimalism or what it means to be a financial minimalist. Broadly speaking, financial minimalism is about taking a “less is more” point of view when it comes to spending on unnecessary things and focusing more of your attention, money, and energy on experiences and purchases that add value to your life.

Minimalist finance emphasizes being intentional about how you use your money. Rather than spending money impulsively or mindlessly, you’re considerate of whether a particular purchase might offer any lasting benefit. Instead of clearing out the junk in your home, you’re clearing out the clutter in your financial life.

In this way, becoming a financial minimalist can alleviate some money stress. You have guardrails in place for spending, you likely make fewer purchases, and you hopefully have less debt to worry about as well.

💡 Quick Tip: Most savings accounts only earn a fraction of a percentage in interest. Not at SoFi. Our high-yield savings account can help you make meaningful progress towards your financial goals.

How Does Financial Minimalism Work?

Financial minimalism works by requiring you to be conscious of how you spend money. Becoming a minimalist with money doesn’t mean you live a deprived lifestyle. Instead, you choose to include only those things in your life that are meaningful to you and align with your values and minimalist belief.

Here’s what financial minimalists don’t do:

•   Spend money aimlessly, without thought to what they’re spending it on

•   Rack up high-interest credit card debt for unnecessary purchases

•   Live above their means and spend more than they earn

•   Forget about planning for the future and their long-term goals

•   Neglect saving and investing.

Because financial minimalists don’t do these things, they also don’t worry as much about money, as mentioned above.

A full 88% of adults feel some level of financial stress, and 65% say finances are their biggest source of stress, according to an April 2024 survey by MarketWatch Guides. Adhering to a minimalist finance strategy could help you to overcome the money stress in your life.

Benefits of Financial Minimalism

The exact benefits financial minimalism can deliver will depend on how you apply it. But generally, financial minimalism can benefit you in the following ways:

•   Minimalist finance can help you reduce or eliminate unnecessary spending from your budget.

•   Spending less allows you to save more or use extra money in your budget to pay off debt more quickly.

•   You may be less likely to run up new debts if you’re living within or below your means.

•   Minimalism can help you clarify and prioritize needs vs. wants in your budget.

•   Being intentional with spending can help you to plan out your financial goals and direct money toward the things that matter most to you.

•   Your home is likely to be less cluttered with “stuff,” since you’re cutting back on unnecessary spending.

•   Your mind may feel less cluttered as well if you’re not constantly worrying about how much debt you have or how to stretch your budget and bank account until your next payday.

Those are all good reasons to consider minimalism. It can be an especially wise path if you’re interested in how to gain financial freedom for yourself and your family.

Tips for Achieving Financial Minimalism

Ready to give financial minimalism a try? These tips can help you create a personal financial plan for embracing a minimalist lifestyle.

1. Removing Monthly Subscriptions

Streaming and subscription services can seem like a money-saver if it allows you to cut the cable cord. The problem is these monthly fees can add up, and many people end up paying for subscriptions they don’t use. That can include not only streaming services bit also gym memberships, subscriptions for apps or financial products like credit reporting, magazine subscriptions, and other recurring memberships.

Auditing your subscription services can help you find ones that you aren’t using and can afford to cut out. Even eliminating $25 or $50 a month in unnecessary subscriptions can free up money that you can use for something else.

2. Budgeting

A budget can be essential for managing your money and pursuing a minimalist lifestyle. When you have a budget, you have a plan for how you’ll spend each month. If you don’t have a budget, it’s a good idea to make one (even a basic line-item budget) before tackling anything else on this list.

Here’s how you make a budget:

•   Add up your monthly after-tax income.

•   Make a list of basic living expenses (your needs, including debt payments).

•   Make a second list of everything else you spend money on (your wants).

•   Subtract expenses from income.

Ideally, you have money left over after doing the math. Those funds might go towards savings goals. If you don’t, you’ll need to go back to your expenses to see what you can reduce or eliminate in order to bring your budget in line.

3. Being Mindful of All Your Purchases

Financial minimalism is all about not spending money on things you don’t need. If you struggle with impulse spending, you might try imposing a 48-hour waiting period on purchases that you didn’t plan for in your budget. That cooling off period can give you time to decide if it’s something you really need.

You could also try a no-spend challenge where, for a certain period of time, you challenge yourself not to spend money on anything that isn’t necessary. No coffee to-go, movies on-demand, and so on. Some people pull this off as a 30-day no-spend challenge.

4. Cutting Eating Out and Focusing on Eating at Home

Eating out can kill your budget and sabotage your financial minimalist efforts. Planning meals at home and grocery shopping only for the items on your list can be an easy way to get food spending under control.

If you’d still like to eat out occasionally, you can set up what’s known as a sinking fund just for dining out and add a little money to it every payday. For example, you could save $20 per month in the fund, then once you hit $100 you could treat yourself to a meal out. That way, you still get a reward while being disciplined about saving and planned spending.

5. Not Showing Off for Social Media

FOMO or fear of missing out can lead you to make poor financial decisions in order to keep up with what everyone on Instagram is doing. If you’re tempted to show off on social media and purchase things to do so, consider a social media fast. Taking a break from your social accounts can be a good way to put what matters to you into perspective. You may well feel less pressured — and less tempted — to spend money on things that don’t align with your financial goals.

6. Reducing Debt If Possible

Getting rid of debt can allow you to reduce your monthly expenses and stretch your money further. If you have credit card debt, student loans, and/or other debts, consider which ones you’d like to pay off first. Then formulate a plan for paying down the balances. There are ways to pay off debt without using savings.

If you’re struggling with debt and can’t see a light at the end of the tunnel, you might also seek guidance from a nonprofit like the National Foundation for Credit Counseling, or NFCC.

7. Cutting Out Unnecessary Expenses

Anything you don’t need to live is technically an unnecessary expense. You might try minimizing purchases in certain categories that aren’t vital. Depending on what your budget looks like, that might include new clothes, electronics, online shopping, or anything else that doesn’t add positive value to your life in some way. The more unnecessary expenses you can cut out, generally the better when aiming for financial minimalism.

8. Living Below Your Means

If you’re looking for ways to improve your financial health, take note of this idea. Living below your means simply means that you don’t spend more than you earn. If you’ve done your budget and your expenses are higher than your income, you’ll either need to find ways to cut spending down or earn more money. The wider the gap between what you spend and what you earn, the more money you’ll have to fund the financial goals that are important to you.

Recommended: Guide to Financially Downsizing Your Life and Saving Money

9. Getting Rid of Items You No Longer Need

Extra stuff can make your home feel cluttered and disorganized. Ditching things you no longer need or use can make it easier to breathe and reinforce your commitment to living simply. As you sort through your things, consider what you can donate or give away, what should be trashed, what can be recycled, and what you might be able to sell for a little extra cash. Whether you try a Freecycle site, post things on eBay, or give your excess stuff to a local charity, your loss can be someone else’s gain.

10. Investing If Possible

Saving money is important, but investing it can be the best way to build wealth. If you’ve pared down your budget and have money to save and invest, consider putting some of it into the market for long-term goals. While there is risk involved, historically you can reap the best rewards this way. Following advice about investing for beginners can help you get started.

11. Embracing Free Time

When financial minimalism is the goal, you sometimes have to be creative about how you spend your time. Rather than going out for a pricey dinner with friends, for example, you may be spending more time at home instead. Hosting a potluck or taking a walk with a friend can be an inexpensive way to socialize.

Finding ways to embrace your free time can be a good reminder of why you’ve chosen to pursue minimalism. Some of the ways you can do that include exploring free (or low-cost) hobbies, getting into an exercise or meditation routine, or contemplating your financial goals and your next steps along the minimalist path.

12. Separating Money for Yourself First

“Pay yourself first” is an oft-repeated piece of financial advice and it simply means that before you pay any other bills or expenses, you set aside something in savings. How much you should save a month will vary person to person, and where the money goes may differ.

It could mean depositing $50 to start an emergency fund whenever you are paid or contributing 10% of your annual salary to a 401k at work. Automatic transfers on payday can help whisk the money to where you want it, rather than have it hit your checking account and tempt you to spend it.

Managing Your Finances With SoFi

If you want to spend less, save more, and lower your money stress, giving financial minimalism a try could help. Becoming a financial minimalist can help you really take control of your money and grow it.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 3.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

Can minimalism cause financial freedom?

Minimalism can help you to achieve financial freedom if you’re committed to paying down debt, cutting out unnecessary spending, saving, and investing. If you follow minimalist principles, it’s possible to live well on less, build wealth, and perhaps even retire early.

Can minimalism hurt financial freedom?

Minimalism won’t necessarily hurt financial freedom. However, it may take some getting used to in the beginning if you feel deprived because you’re spending less. Implementing one or two steps toward financial minimalism at a time can make it easier to transition to this kind of lifestyle gradually.

Is it OK if I am not a financial minimalist?

Financial minimalism may not be right for everyone and that’s perfectly acceptable. You can, however, apply some of the principles of financial minimalism to improve your money situation. For example, making a budget and dropping a subscription or two can be relatively easy ways to help rein in overspending and avoid debt.

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Photo credit: iStock/mphillips007

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 11/12/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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Income-contingent payment (ICR) plans are one kind of Income-driven repayment plan, which can help make federal student loan payments more affordable. The income-contingent repayment plan allows you to extend your loan repayment period while reducing monthly payments to help them better align with your income. Any remaining loan amounts due at the end of your ICR plan term may be forgiven.

An ICR may be a good fit if you’re just starting your career and aren’t earning a lot of money. You may also consider an income-contingent repayment plan if you’re hoping to qualify for federal Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF).

But is an ICR plan right for you? And what are the pros and cons of income-contingent repayment? Weighing the benefits alongside the potential downsides can help you decide if it’s an option worth pursuing managing your student loan debt.

What Is Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR)?

Income-driven repayment plans, including ICR, determine your monthly payment amount based on your household size and income. Depending on how much you make and how many people there are in your household, it’s possible that you could have no monthly payment at all.

Like other income-driven repayment plans offered by the Department of Education (DOE), an ICR plan aims to make it easier to keep up with federal student loan payments.

With income-contingent repayment, your monthly payments are capped at the lesser of:

•   20% of your discretionary income

•   What you would pay on a repayment plan with a fixed payment over the course of 12 years, adjusted for your income

Of the four income-driven repayment options, income-contingent repayment is the oldest plan, and it is the only one that sets the payment cap at 20% of a borrower’s discretionary income. With income-based repayment (IBR) and Pay as You Earn (PAYE), monthly student loan payments max out at 10% of your discretionary income. The Department of Education recently introduced a new IDR plan called Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE), and starting in July 2024, borrowers on the SAVE plan could see their payments reduced from 10% to 5% of income above 225% of the poverty line.

The interest rate for an ICR plan stays the same for the entire repayment term. The rate would be whatever you’re currently paying for any loans you’ve consolidated or the weighted average of all loans you haven’t consolidated.


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How an ICR Plan Works

Income-contingent repayment can reduce your federal student loan payments, allowing you to pay 20% of your discretionary income each month or commit to making fixed payments based on a 12-year loan term.

You have up to 25 years to repay all loans enrolled in the plan. If you still have remaining payments after 25 years of monthly payments, the DOE will forgive the balance. But while you may not owe any more payments on the loan, the IRS considers student loan debts forgiven through ICR or another income-driven repayment plan to be taxable income, so you may owe taxes on it.

Income-contingent repayment plans base your monthly payment on your income and family size. This means that if your income, or your family size, changes over time, your monthly payments could change as well. With all of the federal IDR plans, borrowers must recertify their loan every year to show any changes to your income or family size.

If you’re enrolled in the 10-year Standard Repayment Plan, your monthly payments would be the same for the entire repayment term, and you never have to recertify your loan.

Here’s an example of what your payments might look like on an ICR plan versus a Standard Repayment plan, assuming you’re single, make $50,000 a year, get 3.5% annual raises, and owe $35,000 in federal loans at a weighted interest rate of 5.7%.

	Standard	ICR Plan	Savings
First month’s payment	$383	$319	$64
Last month’s payment	$383	$336	$47
Total payments	$45,960	$49,092	-$3,132
Repayment term	10 years	12.4 years	-2.4 years

As you can see, an income-contingent repayment plan would lower your monthly payments. But it will take you longer to pay your loans off and you pay more than $3,000 in additional interest charges over the life of the loan. If you start earning more while you’re on the ICR plan, your payments could also increase.

If you get married, and you and your spouse file your taxes jointly, your loan servicer will use your joint income to determine your loan payment. If you file separately or are separated from your spouse, you’ll only owe based on your individual income.

Recommended: How is Income Based Repayment Calculated?

Who Is Eligible for an Income-Contingent Repayment Plan?

Anyone with an eligible federal student loan can apply for the income-contingent repayment plan. Eligible loans include:

•   Direct student loans (subsidized or unsubsidized)

•   Direct consolidation loans

•   Direct PLUS loans made to graduate or professional students

Other types of federal student loans may also be enrolled in income-contingent repayment plans if you consolidate them into a Direct loan first. For example, you could use an ICR plan to repay consolidated:

•   Federal Stafford loans (subsidized or unsubsidized)

•   Federal Perkins loans

•   Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) PLUS loans

•   FFEL consolidation loans

•   Direct PLUS loans for parents

The income-contingent repayment is the only income-driven repayment plan option that includes loans taken out by parents. So if you borrowed federal loans to help your child pay for college, you could enroll in an ICR plan (after consolidating your loans) to make the payments more manageable.

Two types of loans are not eligible for income-contingent repayment or any other income-driven repayment plan:

•   Private student loans

•   Federal student loans in default

If you’ve defaulted on your federal student loans you must first get them out of default before you can enroll in an income-driven repayment plan. The DOE allows you to do this through loan consolidation and/or loan rehabilitation. Either one can help you get caught up with loan payments and loan rehabilitation will also remove the default from your credit history.

Pros and Cons of ICR Plans

Income-contingent repayment is just one option for paying off student loans, and it may not be right for everyone. It’s important to look at both the advantages and potential disadvantages before enrolling in an ICR plan.

Pros of income-contingent repayment:

•   Can lower your monthly payments

•   Parent loans are eligible for income-contingent repayment, after consolidation

•   Extends the loan term to 25 years to repay student loans

•   Remaining loan balances are forgivable

•   Qualifying repayment plan for PSLF

Cons of income-contingent repayment:

•   Other income-driven repayment plans like PAYE or SAVE base monthly payments on 5 to 10% of your discretionary income

•   Taking longer to repay loans means paying more in interest

•   If your income changes, your payments could increase

•   Enrolling certain loans requires consolidation first

•   Forgiven loan amounts are taxable

If you’re interested in an income-driven repayment plan, it may be helpful to do the math first to see how much you might pay with different plans. An income-based repayment option, for example, might lower your payments even more than ICR so it’s worth running the numbers through a student loan repayment calculator.

The Takeaway

Income-contingent repayment plans are something you might consider if you have federal student loans. With an ICR plan, your monthly payments may be lower than they are with the Standard Loan Repayment Plan, allowing you more money for other bills.

You won’t receive a lower interest rate when you sign up for an income-driven repayment plan. The only way to change your interest rate is through student loan refinancing. But if you refinance your federal loans, you will lose access to benefits like ICR and other income-driven repayment plans.

When you refinance student loans, you take out a new loan to pay off your existing ones. If you’re able to secure a lower interest rate on the new loan and don’t extend the term length of the loan, you could pay less in total interest over the life of the loan while having lower monthly payments. This could give you more breathing room in your budget. If you have both federal and private loans, you may choose to place the federal loans in an income-driven repayment plan and then refinance the private loans.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

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SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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