line of atms on white background

How to Avoid ATM Fees

“But it’s my money!” may be your thought upon withdrawing money from an ATM and discovering that you’ve been hit with a charge. Sometimes, even two charges: One from your bank (which may charge you a few dollars at out-of-network terminals) and one by the operator of the ATM (which can again add a few dollars).

Think about it: If you assessed two $3 fees when using an out-of-network machine to grab $40, you’ve paid $6 or 15% of the amount withdrawn just to get that cash into your pocket.

Fortunately, you can avoid ATM fees. Try these seven simple techniques.

7 Ways to Avoid ATM Fees

Service charges are fairly common these days. You are probably used to getting hit with them when you order movie or concert tickets online, for instance. But if you are merely taking out your very own dollars from an ATM, you likely don’t want to pay for that privilege.

While it may not be possible to always avoid these fees, particularly if you travel frequently, there are some smart strategies for evading those charges. Follow this advice.

💡 Quick Tip: Banish bank fees. Open a new bank account with SoFi and you’ll pay no overdraft, minimum balance, or any monthly fees.

Planning Ahead

Before heading out for the day or evening, consider whether or not you may need cash. Some independent restaurants, stores, and barber shops still operate as cash-only businesses. So if you’re testing out a new spot, you may want to check the website so you’re prepared with cash if needed.

If an establishment only accepts cash and you don’t have any, you may get stuck using the nearest ATM, which may result in double fees. It can also be a good idea to get some cash in advance (fee-free) if you’re going to a restaurant, gas station, or store that offers a discount for paying cash.

Choosing Restaurants That Take Credit Cards

A corollary to the above tip is to scope out a restaurant’s payment policies before you head out to dinner. It’s no secret that dining out can be a big expense (especially if you order that nice bottle of wine). Nor is it privileged information that many eateries are cash-only.

It’s wise to check the restaurant’s situation beforehand to make sure they take plastic. Otherwise, you will likely be forced to use the closest ATM, which can get pricey.

Taking Money Out Before Going Out

Another way to avoid ATM fees when dining out: Hit up the cash machine en route or earlier in the week. That way, you know you are covered.

Recommended: Pros & Cons of Living Cash-Only

2. Using Your Bank’s ATMs

Taking some time to familiarize yourself with your bank’s closest ATM locations (considering both home and work) can save you money and hassle down the line. There may be a location finder tool on the bank’s website or app, or you can do a general web search, or even use your phone’s maps app.

Generally, the larger, national banks will have more options for branded ATMs than smaller, regional institutions. Banks of all sizes, however, often partner with large ATM networks in order to expand their customers’ options and provide them with a fee-free banking experience.

3. Finding Partner ATMs

Another way to avoid out-of-network ATM fees is to find those terminals with which your bank has a relationship.

The biggest advantage of partnership networks is the potentially vast number of fee-free ATM locations available. Some of the largest networks even include ATMs in locations like convenience stores, pharmacies, and retailers.

If your bank partners with an ATM network, you may be able to perform ATM transactions at their terminals without getting hit with any fees from your bank, though some locations may still collect ATM surcharges. It can be wise to familiarize yourself with the policies before you start regularly hitting the machines for cash.

The easiest way to find your bank’s partners is to check the back of your debit card. If you see a logo for Allpoint, for example, you can search their app for the closest of their 55,000-plus locations.

This doesn’t automatically mean that your transaction will be entirely fee-free, but either your bank or the partner may waive charges. It’s a good idea to check with your bank for details.

Bank Partner ATMs Explained

What are bank partner ATMs? This means that there is a relationship between your bank and their partner and you can likely use their ATMs fee-free.

These kinds of partnerships can exist for various reasons. Perhaps you bank at a relatively small, local bank network. They may team up with a larger network of ATMs to make it more convenient for customers to get cash on the go.

Or perhaps you bank at an online bank, which doesn’t have brick-and-mortar locations but wants to provide access to cash machines. Their partner network can provide terminals fee-free, a nice perk for the bank’s clients.

Get up to $300 when you bank with SoFi.

Open a SoFi Checking and Savings Account with direct deposit and get up to a $300 cash bonus. Plus, get up to 4.60% APY on your cash!


4. Taking Out More Than You Need

How else to avoid ATM fees? Consider that ATM fees are typically per transaction, so one easy way to avoid extra charges is to withdraw more cash than you need. This is particularly true when traveling overseas, where surcharges can be significantly higher than domestic ATM fees. The downside is that you may feel uncomfortable keeping a bunch of cash on hand.

The Benefits of Less Frequent Withdrawals

Making less frequent withdrawals can have a few pros:

•   Saves you time thanks to fewer visits to the ATM

•   Costs you less in fees (if they are assessed)

•   Can help with budgeting; taking one larger lump sum may focus you more on your spending vs. grabbing $20 here and there without realizing how much cash you are going through.

Recommended: ATM Withdrawal Limits – What You Need to Know

5. Getting Cash Back

If you need cash and aren’t near one of your bank’s ATMs, you may be able to avoid paying an ATM fee by finding a nearby grocery store, gas station, or large retailer. Many of these retailers offer cash back when you make a purchase using your debit card.

If you go this route, you’ll need to make a purchase (ideally for something you need) and ask for cash back. The cashier will add the amount of cash you want to the purchase price and give it to use as cash, typically without charging any fee.

Where Can You Get Cash Back?

Many retailers allow you to ask for cash back, often with a stated maximum amount. You might be able to get cash when making a purchase at:

•   Gas stations

•   Grocery stores/supermarkets

•   Large retailers, such as Target, Walmart, and Costco.

6. Choosing a Different Bank

Not all banks charge out-of-network ATM fees. If you’re getting hit with fees, especially double fees, you may want to consider switching to an institution that has a larger ATM network, doesn’t charge ATM fees, and/or refunds ATM fees charged by machine providers.

Some banks will reimburse up to a certain amount every month in fees charged by an out-of-network provider. If you suspect you’ll use non-network ATMs frequently, you may want to consider a bank that will refund you.

Some Banks Reimburse ATM Fees

The banking industry is changing, and several players now embrace the idea of reimbursing ATM fees. This puts the customer first. It also addresses the fact that online-only financial institutions are getting more popular; this means there are no bank-owned terminals because there are no brick-and-mortar locations.

Recommended: Cardless Money Withdrawal

7. Using Personal Payment Apps to Pay Your Friends

With peer-to-peer (P2P) payment apps like Venmo, you can often avoid a trip to the ATM entirely. Once you set up an account and link your bank account, it’s easy to move money directly from your account to your friends’ accounts. Your bank may also have its own P2P payment app.

Open a SoFi Checking and Savings Account

ATM fees can be annoying and add up quickly. But, fortunately, this is usually an avoidable expense.

One way to avoid ATM fees is to do some research on where your financial institution’s branded ATMs are located in your area, as well as ATMs that are in their partner networks. Other options include using payment apps or asking for cash back at a retail cash register when it’s available.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

How do you avoid paying fees at an ATM?

There are several ways to avoid paying ATM fees, For instance, you might only use in-network or partner bank ATMs, carry cash, and/or use credit cards or P2P payment apps.

Is it free to withdraw cash from ATMs?

It should be free to withdraw cash from an ATM provided you use your bank’s or its partner bank’s network. If you use an out-of-network terminal, however, you could pay a fee to both your bank and the machine’s operator.

Why do some ATMs charge you for withdrawing money?

You may be charged a fee if you use an out-of-network ATM. Because you are not a member of the bank providing the terminal, they can assess a charge to handle your transaction. In addition, free-standing ATM machines are a for-profit enterprise, offering the convenience of cash while earning a fee on every transaction.



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SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/24/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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What is a Futures Contract? Definition & How Futures Work

Futures Contracts: What They Are and How They Work

Futures contracts are a type of financial derivative that investors use to speculate on the price of a security at a forthcoming date. These typically trade on separate futures exchanges, which allow for higher volumes of trading.

Futures are a type of derivative, and trading futures and other options contracts requires an advanced level of trading and market knowledge. That said, investors would do well to know the basics of futures contracts, so that they can determine whether they have a place in their investing strategy.

What Is a Futures Contract?

Futures contracts, or futures, are legal agreements to either buy or sell a given security, commodity, or asset at a specific time in the future, for a previously agreed-upon price. For investors, they offer access to commodities and other markets they might not be able to access otherwise. They can also act as a way to protect against volatility.

One important feature of a future contract is that both buyers and sellers can execute the contract regardless of the current market price of the underlying asset when the contract expires.

Investors use futures contracts when they believe that the underlying security will go up or down by a certain amount of time over a fixed period of time. The futures contract buyer enters a legal agreement to buy the underlying asset at the contract’s expiration date. On the other side of the trade, the futures contract seller agrees to deliver the underlying security at the agreed-upon price, when the contract expires.

The majority of futures contracts on a futures exchange are standardized by date and price, to allow for higher trading volumes and simpler transactions.

Investors can buy futures contracts to make money — or to hedge against losses — resulting from the price increases or decreases in stocks and commodities like oil, as well as other financial instruments.


💡 Quick Tip: In order to profit from purchasing a stock, the price has to rise. But an options account offers more flexibility, and an options trader might gain if the price rises or falls. This is a high-risk strategy, and investors can lose money if the trade moves in the wrong direction.

How Do Futures Contracts Work?

In a futures contract, the purchaser gets to buy a given asset at a predetermined price. That can help protect against big price swings up or down, making them popular not only with investors, but with companies that rely on commodities that experience sudden price changes.

Example of a Futures Contract

An airline, for example, might buy an oil futures contract to lock in the price of the oil that it will need to buy in order to get its jets off the ground in the coming months. Purchasing the futures contract allows the airline to guard against the financial harm of a sudden rise in the price of fuel. The risk to the airline, however, is that oil prices will go down – in which case, it will miss out on those lower prices.

On the other side of this hypothetical transaction is a fuel distributor, which has millions of gallons of oil in its inventory. It would sell the oil futures contract as a way of maintaining a steady market for its oil in the coming months. That’s because the airline buying the futures contract must buy the fuel at the agreed-upon price on the dates specified in the contract. That removes some risk for the oil distributor, but it also creates a risk if oil prices climb before the futures contract expires. Should that happen, the oil distributor will still have to sell the oil at the lower price specified in the futures contract.

To stay with this example, in the futures contract, the airline and the oil distributor will set and agree upon the terms, specifically the price of the oil and the expiration date upon which the contract expires. In this contract, the distributor agrees to sell 1,000 barrels of oil at $50 per barrel, in exactly 90 days. If the price of oil in 90 days is $75 per barrel, then the airline will have gotten a good deal. If a barrel of oil falls to $35, then the oil supplier will have protected itself against the price declines.

What’s the Difference Between Futures and Options?

Futures and options are both derivative contracts. However, futures contracts oblige the buyer or seller to complete the deal at the contract’s expiration, while options contracts give traders the right but not always the obligation to execute the contract when it expires.

Recommended: 10 Important Options Trading Strategies

Both futures and options share some of the same trading terminology. For example, both investors in both types of derivatives will need to consider its bid-ask price. The bid price is the highest price a buyer will pay for the contract, while the ask price is what the seller will accept.

Investors can also purchase options on future contracts. In a call option on a future, the buyer has the right to buy a futures contract at a specific price at a specific future date. In a put option, the buyer has the right to sell the futures contract at a specific price at a specific date.

Futures Contracts Pros & Cons

Futures trading can be a profitable strategy, but it also has some drawbacks that investors should consider.

Benefits of Futures Contracts

•   Futures contracts act as a hedge against the risks related to price volatility.

•   Most futures markets are highly liquid, allowing traders to buy and sell when they want.

•   Futures may give investors access to commodities, and other markets not normally accessible to everyday investors.

•   Futures contract pricing is determined by adding the cost of carrying the underlying asset to its spot price.

Downsides of Futures Contracts

•   Futures contracts can be a high risk investment. In some cases, a futures contract can lose all of its value and trade at $0 when it expires.

•   Futures contracts can reduce or eliminate potential gains from price swings in the underlying securities or assets.

•   Futures contracts themselves are often highly volatile, with their prices fluctuating wildly.

•   You may have to pay high commission charges on high-volume trades.

How Investors Use Futures Contracts

But not everyone who buys an oil futures contract plans to take delivery of the oil it represents. Retail investors also use futures as a way to protect their investments against volatility. Those futures investors who buy and sell the contracts to make money off the price changes that the contracts themselves undergo.

To go back to the example of an oil futures contract, an investor owns a contract, and the price of oil rises, allowing the contract owner to buy oil for less than the market price. The investor will be able to sell that contract for more than they purchased it for. The investor will then sell the contract on the futures market.

Other investors use futures contracts related to other commodities, including corn, soybeans and wheat. But there are also futures markets where investors can buy futures contracts that offer them the ability to bet on the future of currencies, individual stocks or stock indices like the S&P 500 or 10-year Treasury bills. Investors may choose to buy futures, rather than the securities themselves, to reduce their volatility exposure.

How to Trade Futures Contracts

There are several steps to trading futures contracts.

1. Open a brokerage account

To trade futures contracts, the first thing you’ll need is a brokerage account. You may also need your broker to give approval for margin and options privileges in your account.

2. Set a trading strategy

Before jumping into the futures market, develop a strategy. That strategy could involve technical analysis based on market data, or fundamental analysis based on the investment’s underlying economic and financial trends.

Some investors even try out their strategy using hypothetical trades before they start trading with real money. This allows you to understand the risks of potential trades without actually losing money.

3. Research trades that make sense for your investment strategy

Most brokerages that offer futures trading have an online platform you can use to research specific securities and see futures contracts available to buy or sell.

4. Double-check the terms

Make sure that the contracts will do what you think. That means confirming the selling and purchase price of the contract, the expiration, and the fees.

5. Develop your skills

Whether doing it on paper, or with real money, you’ll want to refine your strategy over time. You may find that you make more profitable trades in a specific sector, for example, or need to work on staying calm as security prices rise and fall. Practice will allow you to improve, and get more out of the futures strategy you’ve developed.


💡 Quick Tip: Before opening any investment account, consider what level of risk you are comfortable with. If you’re not sure, start with more conservative investments, and then adjust your portfolio as you learn more.

The Takeaway

Futures contracts are a type of investment that can offer access to commodities markets, as well as a way to protect against volatility. They can be a helpful tool to some investors, but they’re also risky and can be an expensive way to invest.

Futures trading can be fun and profitable, but is incredibly risky. It’s also a high-level trading strategy, and one that may not be suited for beginning investors. If you’re curious about it, though, you may want to speak with a financial professional for guidance.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.


Photo credit: iStock/fizkes

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INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes.
Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $25 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.

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What Are Exotic Options? 11 Types of Exotic Options

What Are Exotic Options? 11 Types of Exotic Options

An option is a financial instrument that gives the buyer the right to purchase or sell an underlying security, such as a stock, during a set time period for an agreed-upon price. They are popular with investors because they allow the investor to bet on the price increase or decrease of a stock, without owning the stock itself.

Exotic options are a class of options that allow investors to take advantage of some features of options contracts to pursue other strategies. Exotic options pricing tends to be higher than that of traditional options.

What Is an Exotic Option?

Exotic options are hybrid securities that offer unique and often customizable payment structures, expiration dates, and strike prices. For those features, they typically charge a higher price than traditional options. University of California Berkeley professor Mark Rubenstein coined the term “Exotic Options” in a 1990 paper about contracts.

The asset that underlies these options also includes non-traditional assets and securities. Exotic options can be either covered or naked call, meaning that the seller has not set aside shares or cash to meet the obligation when it expires.

To understand what makes an exotic option exotic, let’s review a traditional, plain-vanilla options contract and how it works. With a traditional option, the owner can buy or sell the underlying security for an agreed-upon price either before or at the option’s predetermined expiration date. The holder is not, however, obligated to exercise the option, hence the name.

An exotic option typically has all of those features, but with complex variations in the times when the option can be exercised, as well as in the ways investors calculate the payoff.

Investors typically buy and sell options in the over-the-counter (OTC) market, a smaller dealer-broker network. An exotic option may have underlying assets that differ from those offered by traditional options. Those underlying assets can include commodities like oil, corn and natural gas, in addition to stocks, bonds, and foreign currencies.

There are even exotic derivatives that allow traders to bet on things like the weather. Both institutional and sophisticated retail investors use customized exotic options to match their own unique risk-management needs.


💡 Quick Tip: Options can be a cost-efficient way to place certain trades, because you typically purchase options contracts, not the underlying security. That said, options trading can be risky, and best done by those who are not entirely new to investing.

11 Types of Exotic Options

There are many types of exotic options that investors can purchase for exotic options trading. Here’s a look at some of them:

1. Asian Options

One of the most common forms of exotic options contract, the Asian option is a contract whose payoff to the holder reflects on the security’s average price over one or several agreed-upon periods of time. This makes it different from a U.S. option, whose return reflects the price of the underlying asset when the holder chooses to exercise it, and different from a European option, whose payoff reflects the price of the security at the time of the option’s expiration.

2. Barrier Options

These options remain effectively dormant until activated, usually by the price of the underlying asset reaching a certain level.

3. Basket Options

Unlike traditional options, which typically have a single underlying asset, basket options contracts depend on the price movements of more than one underlying asset. For holders, the payout on a basket option reflects the weighted average of the assets underlying the contract.

4. Bermuda Options

The main differentiator of Bermuda options is when the holder can exercise them. An investor can exercise a Bermuda option at its expiration date, and at a handful of set dates before then. This makes them different from U.S. options, which holders can exercise at any point during the contract, and European options, which can only be exercised at expiration.

5. Binary Options

Sometimes called digital options, binary options are unique because they only guarantee a payout to the holder if a predetermined event occurs. This all-or-nothing investment typically delivers a predetermined payout or asset if the agreed-upon event occurs.

6. Chooser Options

With ordinary options contracts, the investor must decide upfront if they’re buying a call (right to buy the underlying security) or put (right to sell the underlying security) option. But with a chooser option, the holder can decide whether they want the option to be a put or call option at a predetermined date between when they buy the chooser option and when the contract expires.

7. Compound Options

These options, often called split-fee options, allow investors to buy an option on an option. Whether or not a compound option pays off depends on whether or not another option pays off. Investors in compound options have to make their decisions based on the expiration dates and strike prices of both the underlying option, as well as the compound option itself.

8. Extendible Options

The main advantage that extendible options offer is that they give an investor the ability to postpone the expiration date of the contract for an agreed-upon period of time. This can mean adding the extra time for an out-of-the-money option to get into the money, a feature that’s priced into the original option contract.

Extendible options can be holder-extendible, meaning the purchaser can choose to extend their options. They can also be writer-extendible, meaning that the issuer has the right to extend the expiration date of the options contracts, if they so choose.

9. Lookback Options

Lookback options differ from most options because they do not come with a specified exercise price. Instead, an owner of a lookback option can choose the most favorable strike price from the prices at which the underlying asset has traded at throughout the duration of the option contract.

10. Spread Options

Unlike a traditional option, where the payoff depends on the difference between the contract’s strike price and the spot price of the underlying asset when the investor exercises the contract, a spread option pays an investor based on the price difference between multiple assets. The butterfly spread, which involves four separate options, is one example of a spread option.

11. Range Options

For highly volatile assets, some investors choose to use range options, because their payout is based on the size of the difference between the highest and lowest prices at which the underlying asset trades during the life of the range options contract.

Pros and Cons of Exotic Options

There are benefits and drawbacks to using exotic options.

Pros

•   Some exotic options have lower premiums than more flexible American options contracts.

•   Investors can select and customize exotic options to fit very complex and precise strategies.

•   With exotic options, investors can fine-tune the risk exposure of their portfolio.

•   Investors can use exotic options to find opportunities in unique market conditions.

Cons

•   Many exotic options come with higher costs, and less flexibility than traditional contracts.

•   There are no exotic options that guarantee a profit.

•   Because of their unique structures, exotic options sometimes react to market moves in unexpected ways.

•   The complex rules mean that exotic options have a higher risk of ultimately becoming worthless.



💡 Quick Tip: Look for an online brokerage with low trading commissions as well as no account minimum. Higher fees can cut into investment returns over time.

The Takeaway

Exotic options are complex financial instruments that allow investors to make bets on the price of an asset without owning that asset itself. Unlike traditional options, exotic options include customizable features that investors can use to pursue a specific options trading strategy.

As many investors know, trading options — of all types — is relatively advanced, and requires a good amount of background knowledge and understanding of intricate financial assets. For that reason, it may be a good idea to speak with a financial professional before diving into options trading.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.


Photo credit: iStock/Pekic

SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes.
Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $25 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.

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Contango Vs. Backwardation: What's the Difference?

Contango vs Backwardation: What’s the Difference?

Contango and backwardation are two ways to characterize and understand the state of the commodities or cryptocurrency futures markets, based on the relationship between spot and future prices.

In short, contango is a market in which futures trade at spot prices that are higher than the expected future spot price. But a contango market is not the same thing as a normal futures curve, though it is often mistaken for one. Normal backwardation, on the other hand, is a market where futures trade at a price that’s lower than the expected future spot price.

Futures and Derivatives

It’s important to have an understanding of both futures and derivatives to fully understand the difference between contango and backwardation.

Futures, Explained

Futures contracts, or futures, consist of legal agreements to buy or sell a security, commodity or asset at a set time in the future, for a predetermined price. One feature for both buyers and sellers of futures is that they can execute the contract no matter what current market price of the underlying asset when the contract expires.

Companies use futures contracts to hedge their risk of massive shifts in commodities prices, and investors who believe that the underlying security will go up or go down by a certain amount of time over a fixed period of time. The buyer of a futures contract enters a legal agreement to buy the underlying asset at the contract’s expiration date. The seller, on the other hand, agrees to deliver the underlying security at the agreed-upon price, when the contract expires.


💡 Quick Tip: The best stock trading app? That’s a personal preference, of course. Generally speaking, though, a great app is one with an intuitive interface and powerful features to help make trades quickly and easily.

Derivatives, Explained

A derivative refers to any financial security whose value rises and falls based on the value of another underlying asset, such as a security or commodity. That includes securities such as futures, options, and swaps. The most common assets upon which derivatives are based include securities like stocks and bonds, commodities like oil or other raw materials, but they may also reflect currencies and interest rates.

Recommended: Derivatives Trading 101: What are Derivatives and How Do They Work?

The Futures Curve

When writing futures contracts for a given asset, the futures seller will place different prices on that commodity at different points in the future. While the base price of a futures contract is determined by adding the cost of carrying the underlying asset to its spot price, it also includes an element of prediction. People buy more oil in the winter to buy their homes, for example, so oil investors may predict that oil will be in higher demand — and thus cost more — in January than it will in May.

By comparing the prices within futures contracts for the same underlying asset at different points in the future, the dollar amounts form a curve.

Normal Futures Curve vs Inverted Futures Curve

In a normal futures curve, the prices assigned to the underlying asset of futures contracts goes up over time. In the example of oil, a normal futures curve will be one in which a barrel of oil is priced at $50 for a contract expiring in 30 days; $55 for a contract expiring in 60 days; $60 for a contract expiring in 90 days, and $65 for a contract expiring in 120 days.

A normal futures curve embodies an expectation that the price of the asset underlying the futures contracts — such as oil, soybeans, a stock, or a bond — will rise over time. An inverted futures curve assumes just the opposite.

To go back to the example of oil, in an inverted futures curve, a barrel of oil is priced at $50 for a contract expiring in 30 days; $45 for a contract expiring in 60 days; $40 for a contract expiring in 90 days, and $35 for a contract expiring in 120 days.

The futures curve is used by investors, policymakers and corporate treasurers as an indicator of popular sentiment toward the underlying asset. And the prices of those futures contracts can represent the market’s combined best guess about the prices of those assets.

The spot price of the asset, on the other hand, the price at which it’s currently trading. It’s the relationship between the spot price and the prices on the futures curve that determine if the futures market is in a state of backwardation or contango.

What Is Backwardation?

When an asset is trading at spot prices that are higher than the prices of that asset as reflected in the futures contracts maturing in the coming months, it’s called backwardation.

It can happen for a number of reasons, but most commonly occurs because of an unexpectedly higher demand for the underlying asset, especially in cases of a shortage in the spot market. Sometimes backwardation is caused by a manipulation of a commodity’s supply by a country or organization. Decisions by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), for example, could create oil backwardation.

When backwardation occurs in futures markets, traders may try to make a profit by short-selling the underlying asset, while buying futures contracts that promise delivery at the lower prices. That trading drives the spot price down, until it matches the futures price.

What Is Contango?

Contango, on the other hand, is a situation where the spot price of an asset is lower than those offered in the futures contracts. In an oil contango market, for example, the spot price of the oil would rise to match that of the futures contracts at expiration. In contango, often associated with a normal futures curve, investors agree to pay more for a commodity in the future.

Backwardation vs Contango for Investors

Contango and backwardation can occur in any commodities market, including oil, precious metals, or agricultural products. Investors can find different opportunities and investment risks when investing in commodities in both backwardation and contango.

Recommended: Investing in Precious Metals

In backwardation, short-term traders who practice arbitrage can make money by short-selling the underlying assets, while buying futures contracts until the difference between the spot and futures prices disappears.

But investors can also lose money from backwardation in situations where the futures prices keep falling while the expected spot price remains the same. And investors hoping to benefit from backwardation caused by commodity shortage may wind up on the wrong side of their trades if new suppliers appear.

For investors, contango mostly poses a risk for investors who own commodity exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that invest in futures contracts. During periods of contango, investors can, however, avoid those losses by purchasing ETFs that hold the actual commodities themselves, rather than futures contracts.


💡 Quick Tip: If you’re an experienced investor and bullish about a stock, buying call options (rather than the stock itself) can allow you to take the same position, with less cash outlay. It is possible to lose money trading options, if the price moves against you.

The Takeaway

Contango and backwardation are two terms that describe the direction futures markets are headed. Knowing the difference between these two terms can help institutional and retail investors make the strategic choices when investing in a wide range of derivatives markets.

These are fairly high-level terms, and may be used as a part of an advanced trading strategy. If investors don’t feel comfortable investing in derivatives or futures contracts – or similar securities — it may be best to consult with a financial professional to get a better sense of if they fit into your strategy.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.


Photo credit: iStock/LumiNola

SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes.
Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $25 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.

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Lidar Stocks: What Are They & How Do You Pick the Best Ones?

Lidar Stocks: What Are They & How Do You Pick the Best Ones?

Many people associate “Lidar” with the sensors that enable self-driving cars — but there are a growing number of applications for this technology that can offer attractive new opportunities for investors. New developments in self-driving cars and other smart products are driving demand for Lidar technology, which is in turn helping to spur the growth of Lidar companies innovating in this space.

What Is Lidar? How Is it Used?

Lidar is short for “light detection and ranging,” and Lidar works by using short bursts of light from lasers to create a 3-D rendering of an object or environment.

Devices equipped with Lidar detect nearby objects, and process massive amounts of data to determine information such as their size, direction and speed of movement — which is why Lidar has become a core technology in the sensors that may one day allow self-driving cars to operate safely.

What many people don’t know is that Lidar is also at work in the newest smartphones and other automated devices like robot vacuum cleaners, which use Lidar to scan the environment and maneuver through a room.

Lidar is also widely used for measurement and imaging in an array of scientific disciplines, including oceanography, archaeology, forestry, seismology, robotics and atmospheric physics. For that reason, some lidar technology stocks attract investor interest.


💡 Quick Tip: If you’re opening a brokerage account for the first time, consider starting with an amount of money you’re prepared to lose. Investing always includes the risk of loss, and until you’ve gained some experience, it’s probably wise to start small.

The Advantages of Lidar

Lidar offers several advantages over similar technologies, such as radar, because light has a shorter wavelength than radio waves. By sending out repeated laser bursts, Lidar can offer a clearer picture of a given target.

For example, the Lidar sensors on some smartphones can give users almost instantaneous estimates of the size, shape and distance of an object, a capability that has enabled better experiences of augmented reality.

Also, as the Internet of Things (IoT), an element of Web 3.0, moves toward increasingly autonomous and interconnected machines, those devices will likely need sophisticated sensors to operate safely and effectively, which is another reason why Lidar companies and Lidar stocks are catching the eye of investors large and small.

Some Lidar Drawbacks

That said, investors considering Lidar technology stocks should be aware of some of the drawbacks as these may present some investment risks. Although Lidar technology can be highly sophisticated, critics note that some Lidar systems can lag in a more dynamic environment (e.g. driving in traffic), where a swift analysis of driving conditions is critical to safety.

Another drawback is that some Lidar sensors may weigh all data points equally in a given environment, and fail to take into account a more present danger like a certain obstacle or bad weather. For example: Lidar functionality has also been compromised by rainy or cloudy conditions, or very bright sun — as any of these can interfere with the light reflection and refraction that’s fundamental to the technology.

Lidar Stocks to Watch

Given the growth of the industry, and industries utilizing Lidar technology, there are numerous lidar stocks on the market. While investors will likely come up with a list by engaging in a quick internet search, it’s important to remember that Lidar is a developing technology, and that all stocks have associated risks. In short: Be sure to do your homework before investing in Lidar stocks.

Evaluating Potential Investment Risks With Lidar Stocks

Lidar has been finding its ways into the products people use on a daily basis, and it holds great promise as an enabler for many technologies in many different fields. As such, investors may find investment opportunities through one or several public Lidar companies.

But investing in Lidar stocks comes with some risks. One risk factor investors should consider: a single version of Lidar technology might emerge as a frontrunner, elevating one patent-holding company to prominence and relegating others to the status of also-rans. On the flip side, there is also the risk that one company’s technology might be adopted, but not widely.

And while Lidar is seen by many as an essential technology in self-driving cars, there is some debate on this point, with reports indicating that some automakers are exploring other types of sensors and networks to create safe, viable autonomous vehicles.


💡 Quick Tip: Are self directed brokerage accounts cost efficient? They can be, because they offer the convenience of being able to buy stocks online without using a traditional full-service broker (and the typical broker fees).

The Takeaway

Lidar technology and sensors are well-entrenched in the autonomous car market, and now a growing number of companies are finding innovative ways to use this laser-driven technology to make advancements in other industries — like oceanography, seismology, robotics and more.

While the expanding array of players in the Lidar space may be contributing to a sense of excitement about what the future of Lidar may hold, competing companies and technologies also indicate that this is a sector that’s still in flux, and there is much for investors to weigh when it comes to choosing the best Lidar stocks.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.


Photo credit: iStock/Drazen_

SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $25 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.

SOIN0723047

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