How to Invest in Silver

For millennia, humans have used precious metals such as silver as a way to barter and exchange value. And even in today’s modern economy, many people believe that there is room for investing in silver and other precious metals as a way to diversify their overall portfolio.

Investing in silver can come in many different ways, from buying stocks or mutual funds focused on precious metals to holding the actual silver metal yourself. Depending on how you are investing in silver, it can be considered a valuable hedge against inflation and one way to diversify your overall investment portfolio.

Why Is Silver Considered Valuable?

Silver is a type of alternative investment, in that it’s different from a conventional stock or other type of security. And similar to how those types of securities or investments hold value, silver does as well.

At its most basic, silver is valuable for the same reason that anything is considered “valuable” — because we as a society have decided that it is valuable. Silver has been used for making coins and jewelry since the early days of history, which is one reason that silver is considered valuable. Silver is also quite conductive, which means that it has uses in industry as well.

Silver has many of the same qualities as gold, which is why many investors have similarly looked for different ways to invest in precious metals.

Silver vs Gold

Silver and gold have both been used as currency and jewelry since nearly the beginning of human civilization. They are both considered valuable precious metals and useful for portfolio diversification and as an inflation hedge. Deciding whether to invest in gold or invest in silver is in some ways a personal choice, and many investors decide to invest in both.

💡 Quick Tip: While investing directly in alternative assets often requires high minimum amounts, investing in alts through a mutual fund or ETF generally involves a low minimum requirement, making them accessible to retail investors.

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What Are the Advantages of Investing in Silver?

One of the biggest advantages of investing in silver is that it can help diversify your portfolio. The rate of return for silver and other precious metals is not always correlated with that of other investments, which means that it can be a useful form of portfolio diversification. Silver is also cheaper than gold on a per-ounce basis.

Many investors also consider investing in precious metals to be an inflation hedge – it’s commonly believed that precious metals like silver or gold hold their value more efficiently or for a longer-term than cash or other assets.

If you invest in actual physical silver, another advantage is that it is a hard asset — it cannot be hacked or erased. Silver and other precious metals are one of the few investments that you can actually hold in your hand. Unlike other investments, your holdings in silver can also be as private as you want them to be.

What Are the Potential Drawbacks?

One drawback of investing in silver is that its price is considered fairly volatile. That doesn’t make it a great investment if you are only holding for the short-term. Prices for precious metals can fluctuate wildly over the short-term, and even over the long-term, may not provide investors with the type of appreciation they may have seen if they had invested in other assets.

Further, if you hold physical silver, you do run the risk of having it stolen. Unlike digital assets, physical silver may not be recoverable if it is lost or stolen. As such, if you are buying physical silver coins or bars, you will need to find a safe and secure way to store them.

💡 Quick Tip: Look for an online brokerage with low trading commissions as well as no account minimum. Higher fees can cut into investment returns over time.

Is Silver an Inflation Hedge?

As noted, investing in precious metals is often considered an inflation hedge.

Inflation is a natural phenomenon that gradually increases the cost of many goods and services. Silver has many uses – it can be used to mint coins, for instance, and be used as an actual currency, or be incorporated into other products. For that reason, it may hold its value more effectively than cash or other assets.

But there’s no guarantee that silver will always be an effective inflation hedge, and it’s important to remember that it’s a volatile asset.

How Can I Invest in Silver?

There are a number of different ways to invest in silver, depending on what you’re looking for in your portfolio. One popular way to invest in silver is by buying physical bars or coins of silver. Another possible way to invest in silver is by investing in the stocks of silver mining companies.

Silver Funds

It may also be possible to invest in silver using various types of funds, such as exchange traded funds (ETFs) that own silver or silver mining companies. There may also be options for investors to invest in mutual funds with concentrations in the silver industry or market, too – doing a bit of research to see what your options are in relation to silver investments is likely to yield results.

The Takeaway

Investing in silver offers investors a way to add an alternative asset to their portfolio, which can help them diversify, and hedge against inflation. There are many ways to invest in silver — including investing in silver mining companies, silver ETFs or owning physical silver like coins or silver bullion.

But investing in silver has its risks, and investing in precious metals typically means investors are okay with adding a relatively volatile asset to their portfolios. As always, if you have questions, it may be a good idea to speak with a financial professional.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Invest in alts to take your portfolio beyond stocks and bonds.

FAQ

Does owning silver diversify your portfolio?

Depending on the composition of your investment portfolio, owning silver can diversify your portfolio. Silver and other precious metals are often considered an inflation hedge, meaning that their price generally holds its value, regardless of the inflation rate. The rate of return on investing in silver and other precious metals is also not often correlated with returns of other types of investments, like the stock market or real estate.

Will the price of silver always go up?

Like all investments, there is no guarantee that the price of silver will always go up. The price of silver can fluctuate wildly, which means that depending on when you buy and/or sell, you may lose money. Before investing in silver, make sure you understand the risks and drawbacks of silver investing.

What are some alternative metals to silver?

Probably the most popular alternative precious metal to silver is gold. Like silver, gold has been used in currency and jewelry for most of the length of human civilization. Other options for investing in precious metals if you’d rather not own gold or silver are platinum or titanium.


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INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.


An investor should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses of the Fund carefully before investing. This and other important information are contained in the Fund’s prospectus. For a current prospectus, please click the Prospectus link on the Fund’s respective page. The prospectus should be read carefully prior to investing.
Alternative investments, including funds that invest in alternative investments, are risky and may not be suitable for all investors. Alternative investments often employ leveraging and other speculative practices that increase an investor's risk of loss to include complete loss of investment, often charge high fees, and can be highly illiquid and volatile. Alternative investments may lack diversification, involve complex tax structures and have delays in reporting important tax information. Registered and unregistered alternative investments are not subject to the same regulatory requirements as mutual funds.
Please note that Interval Funds are illiquid instruments, hence the ability to trade on your timeline may be restricted. Investors should review the fee schedule for Interval Funds via the prospectus.

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Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

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What’s the Difference Between REITs and Real Estate Mutual Funds?

Real estate investment trusts (REITs) and real estate mutual funds offer exposure to property investments, but in different ways. A REIT is a legal entity that owns and operates income-producing real estate and is required to pay dividends, while a real estate mutual fund is a pooled investment vehicle.

What Is a REIT?

A REIT is a trust that invests in real estate, typically through direct ownership. Those properties generate rental income, which is paid out to REIT shareholders in the form of dividends. The types of properties REITs may own can include:

•   Hotels and resorts

•   Self-storage facilities

•   Warehouses

•   Commercial office space

•   Retail space

•   Apartment buildings

•   Strip malls

Some REITs take a different approach in how they generate returns for investors. Rather than owning income-producing property, they may invest in mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities. A third category of REITs employs a hybrid strategy, investing in both properties and mortgages.

REITs may be publicly traded on an exchange, similar to a stock, or they may be registered with the SEC but not publicly traded. This second category of REITs can also be referred to as non-traded REITs. Regardless of how they’re classified, REITs are considered alternative investments.

💡 Quick Tip: While investing directly in alternative assets often requires high minimum amounts, investing in alternative assets through a mutual fund or ETF generally involves a low minimum requirement, making them accessible to retail investors.

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What Is a Real Estate Mutual Fund?

A real estate fund is a type of mutual fund that’s focused on the real estate sector. Mutual funds are pooled investment vehicles that allow multiple investors to buy shares and gain access to underlying investments. What a real estate mutual fund invests in can depend on its objective.

Real estate fund investments may include:

•   REITs

•   Individual properties

•   Mortgages and mortgage-backed securities

A fund manager determines which investments to hold inside the fund. The frequency with which fund assets turn over can depend on whether it uses an active or passive management strategy.

Real estate funds can pay out dividends to investors, though not all of them do. Some real estate funds are exchange-traded funds (ETFs), meaning they have the structure of a mutual fund but trade on an exchange like a stock.

Like most funds, real estate mutual funds have annual fees in the form of expense ratios.

What Are Key Differences Between REITs and Real Estate Mutual Funds

The most significant differences between REITs and real estate funds lie in how they operate, how they generate returns for investors, and how they’re taxed. While both have the same overall goal of leveraging real estate for returns, they don’t approach that goal the same way.

How They’re Structured

REITs are companies that either own and operate income-producing real estate, invest in mortgages and mortgage-backed securities, or a mix of both. To qualify as a REIT, the company must pay out at least 90% of its taxable income annually to investors as dividends.

A real estate fund is structured as a pooled investment vehicle that can hold dozens of different investments. Many real estate funds concentrate holdings on REITs, with some focusing on a specific niche, such as commercial office buildings or shopping centers. Other real estate funds may hold real estate stocks.

Both REITs and real estate funds may be actively or passively managed. With an active management strategy, the fund manager’s goal is to beat the market. Passive management, on the other hand, aims to track the performance of an underlying benchmark. Real estate index funds, for example, may try to match the returns of the Dow Jones U.S. Real Estate Index (DJUSRE).

How They’re Taxed

How a REIT generates its income can determine how dividends paid to investors are treated for tax purposes. In most instances, dividends that result from the collection of rent payments are treated as ordinary income for the investor. If a REIT sells a property at a profit, however, those dividends would be treated as capital gains.
Investors who own REIT shares should receive a Form 1099-DIV each year that breaks down:

•   Dividends from ordinary income

•   Qualified dividends

•   Capital gains

•   Payments for return of capital

Qualified dividends are taxed at the long-term capital gains tax rate. This rate is lower than ordinary income tax rates for certain taxpayers.

Real estate mutual funds can also generate a Form 1099-DIV for investors when there are taxable distributions to report. Investors have to pay tax on income and/or capital gains they receive from the fund, including:

•   Dividends

•   Interest payments

•   Capital gains from the sale of underlying assets

Ordinary dividends are taxed as ordinary income, while qualified dividends qualify for the long-term capital gains tax rate. Interest is also taxed as ordinary income in most cases, while capital gains are subject to the short- or long-term capital gains tax rate, depending on how long the assets were held.

Recommended: How Are Mutual Funds Taxed?

Key Investment Considerations

When debating whether to invest in a REIT vs. mutual fund, it’s important to consider your objectives, risk tolerance, and time horizon. Specifically, you may want to ask yourself the following:

•   Is it more important to collect dividends for passive income or realize gains through capital appreciation?

•   What degree of risk are you comfortable taking?

•   Which real estate sectors are you seeking exposure to?

•   How much capital do you have available to invest in REITs or real estate funds?

•   How long do you plan to hold real estate investments in your portfolio?

It’s also helpful to look at the specifics of individual investments. For instance, if you’re interested in a REIT, you’d want to consider its past performance and typical dividend payout, the types of properties it owns, how the REIT is structured, and the fees you might pay.

With a real estate fund, it’s also important to look at the underlying assets and the fund manager’s strategy. While past performance isn’t a guarantee of future returns, it can give you insight into how the fund has moved in prior years. It’s also wise to check the expense ratio to see what owning the fund might cost.

Are There Similarities Between REITs and Real Estate Mutual Funds?

REITs and real estate funds are similar in two key ways. They’re both pathways to diversifying with real estate and in most cases, they’re highly liquid investments.

If you’re interested in leveraging the benefits of real estate investments in a portfolio but don’t want to own property directly, a REIT or real estate fund can help you accomplish your goal. How wide or narrow the scope of those investments ends up being can depend on the REIT or fund’s overall strategy.

Publicly traded REITs and real estate funds are relatively easy to trade. You just need a brokerage account to buy and sell either one on an exchange. If you were to buy a fix-and-flip property or a rental property, on the other hand, it could be more challenging to unload the investment once you’re ready to exit.

💡 Quick Tip: When people talk about investment risk, they mean the risk of losing money. Some investments are higher risk, some are lower. Be sure to bear this in mind when investing online.

Risks and Role of Real Estate in Your Portfolio

Real estate investments in general can act as an inflationary hedge in a portfolio. When consumer prices rise, rents tend to move in tandem. Real estate also has a lower correlation overall with the stock market, providing some added insulation against volatility.

However, there are risks involved in real estate investing, either through a REIT or real estate fund. The biggest risk factors include:

•   Declines in property values

•   Fluctuations in interest rates

•   Demand for properties

Liquidity risk can also become an issue for REITs or real estate funds that have low trading volume. Building a diversified portfolio that includes real estate as one small slice can help with managing those risks. Evaluating your risk tolerance can help you decide how much of your portfolio to commit to REITs or real estate funds.

The Takeaway

REITs and real estate funds can play an important role in an investment portfolio if you’re hoping to move beyond stocks and bonds. Familiarizing yourself with how each one works and the potential risks is a good place to start. Once you’ve decided whether to invest in REITs, real estate funds, or both you can take the next step and open a brokerage account to start trading.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Invest in alts to take your portfolio beyond stocks and bonds.

FAQ

Are REITs a good investment?

REITs can be a good investment if the underlying assets perform well and generate consistent dividend income for investors. But there are no guarantees, and the real estate market comes with its own risks. Thus it’s important to consider the tax implications and the potential risks of REIT investing before getting started.

Are real estate funds a good investment?

A real estate fund can be a way to invest in property (or properties) without direct ownership. It’s possible to diversify a portfolio with multiple property types or sectors using only a couple of funds. Investors can benefit from dividends, capital appreciation, or a mix of both. But the real estate market is subject to interest rate risk, fluctuating trends, and more.

What are the risks associated with REITs and real estate funds?

The real estate market may not be influenced by the stock or bond markets, but real estate values can also be volatile, and prices in certain property sectors — or geographic areas — can rise and fall just as suddenly as equities. When investing in real estate directly or indirectly through REITs or real estate funds, be sure to do your due diligence about relevant risk factors.

Can you lose money investing in a REIT or real estate fund?

Yes, it’s possible to lose money in any type of investment, including real estate-related instruments like REITs and real estate mutual funds and ETFs. The underlying properties are not guaranteed to provide investors with a profit, so it’s important to understand what you’re investing in before you do so.


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SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.


An investor should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses of the Fund carefully before investing. This and other important information are contained in the Fund’s prospectus. For a current prospectus, please click the Prospectus link on the Fund’s respective page. The prospectus should be read carefully prior to investing.
Alternative investments, including funds that invest in alternative investments, are risky and may not be suitable for all investors. Alternative investments often employ leveraging and other speculative practices that increase an investor's risk of loss to include complete loss of investment, often charge high fees, and can be highly illiquid and volatile. Alternative investments may lack diversification, involve complex tax structures and have delays in reporting important tax information. Registered and unregistered alternative investments are not subject to the same regulatory requirements as mutual funds.
Please note that Interval Funds are illiquid instruments, hence the ability to trade on your timeline may be restricted. Investors should review the fee schedule for Interval Funds via the prospectus.

Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or by email customer service at [email protected]. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.
Shares of ETFs must be bought and sold at market price, which can vary significantly from the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). Investment returns are subject to market volatility and shares may be worth more or less their original value when redeemed. The diversification of an ETF will not protect against loss. An ETF may not achieve its stated investment objective. Rebalancing and other activities within the fund may be subject to tax consequences.


Fund Fees
If you invest in Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) through SoFi Invest (either by buying them yourself or via investing in SoFi Invest’s automated investments, formerly SoFi Wealth), these funds will have their own management fees. These fees are not paid directly by you, but rather by the fund itself. these fees do reduce the fund’s returns. Check out each fund’s prospectus for details. SoFi Invest does not receive sales commissions, 12b-1 fees, or other fees from ETFs for investing such funds on behalf of advisory clients, though if SoFi Invest creates its own funds, it could earn management fees there.
SoFi Invest may waive all, or part of any of these fees, permanently or for a period of time, at its sole discretion for any reason. Fees are subject to change at any time. The current fee schedule will always be available in your Account Documents section of SoFi Invest.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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Private Equity vs Venture Capital

Venture capital and private equity funds are two different ways that companies, funds or individuals invest in other companies. While the two types of funds share some similarities, there are also key differences that you’ll want to be aware of. While many private equity and venture capital funds are privately held, some are open to individual investors.

A private equity fund might use its managerial, technological or other expertise to invest in one specific company, hoping to turn it around and improve its profitability. That would allow the fund to sell their investment for a healthy return. Venture capital firms often invest in early-stage companies or startups. They provide capital funds to these companies in exchange for a portion of the company’s equity.

Key Points

•   Private equity and venture capital are two ways that people, funds or companies invest in other companies.

•   Private equity funds often invest in a small number or even just one company at a time, usually a mature company.

•   Venture capital funds generally invest in many different companies that are early in their journey to profitability.

•   While many private equity and venture capital funds are privately held, there are some that are publicly traded and open to individual investors.

What Is Private Equity?

Private equity refers to investing in companies that are not publicly traded. Unlike investing in public equities (such as by purchasing index funds or shares of stock of companies listed on a public stock exchange), private equity investors put their money into privately-held companies.

While you might not think of private companies as having shares of stock in the same way that publicly-traded companies do, most incorporated companies do have shares of stock. A small company might only have a hundred or even less shares, all owned by the initial founders of the company.

A private company that is more established, on the other hand, might have hundreds of thousands or even millions of shares owned by a wide variety of people. The stock of private companies might be owned by the founders, employees or other private equity investors.

💡 Quick Tip: While investing directly in alternative assets often requires high minimum amounts, investing in alternative funds through a mutual fund or ETF generally involves a low minimum requirement, making them accessible to retail investors.

Alternative investments,
now for the rest of us.

Start trading funds that include commodities, private credit, real estate, venture capital, and more.


What Is Venture Capital?

Venture capital refers to investors and money that is invested into early-stage companies in the hope that they will generate an above-average return on investment. Venture capital investing usually refers to funds or individuals that give money to early-stage companies, but the investment can also be via managerial or technical expertise.

Venture capital money is often invested over a series of “rounds.” Initially there might be an “angel” round or “seed” round, and then Series A, B, C and so on. In each round, companies receive funding from venture capital investors in exchange for a percentage of the company’s stock, at an agreed-upon valuation.

Generally, the earlier the round of venture capital investment, the lower the valuation. This allows the earliest investors to potentially have the highest return on investment, since they also carry the largest amount of risk.

Venture capital and private equity may serve as examples of alternative investments for certain investors.

Key Differences Between Private Equity and Venture Capital

While private equity and venture capital both refer to companies or funds that invest in companies, there are a few key differences that you’ll want to be aware of:

Private Equity Venture Capital
Generally invests in already established companies Often invests in early-stage companies and/or startups
Often purchase entire companies and work to improve their profitability Purchase a portion of the companies they invest in
Generally invest more money and focus on fewer companies Firms tend to spread their money around — investing relatively fewer amounts of money in more investments

Advantages and Disadvantages

When you compare private equity vs. venture capital investing, there are a few similarities as well as advantages or disadvantages to investing in both.

In most cases, comparing the advantages and disadvantages of venture capital vs. private equity depends on your own specific situation or goal. What might be an advantage for one investor could be a disadvantage for an investor with a different risk tolerance or financial profile.

One potential advantage of investing in private equity is that private equity firms often concentrate their money in a small number of firms. This might allow the private equity investors to concentrate their expertise into improving the profitability of those companies. However, some might consider this a disadvantage, since you might lose some or most of your investment if the company is not able to turn things around.

Similarly, venture capital investors typically invest in a number of startups and early-stage companies. One advantage of investing in this manner is that you may see outsized returns if the company succeeds. However, a related disadvantage is that many companies in these early stages do not succeed, potentially wiping out your entire investment.

In that sense, it’s a high-risk, high-potentialy-reward area of investment.

Common Misconceptions

One common misconception about private equity vs. venture capital is that only investors with significant net worth can invest in these fields. While it is true that most actual private equity and venture capital investors are those with access to significant amounts of capital, there are also many private equity or venture capital funds that sell shares of the funds themselves to retail investors.

This may allow even regular individual investors to take part in investing in venture capital or private equity.

💡 Quick Tip: Investment fees are assessed in different ways, including trading costs, account management fees, and possibly broker commissions. When you set up an investment account, be sure to get the exact breakdown of your “all-in costs” so you know what you’re paying.

The Takeaway

Private equity and venture capital funds are two different ways that companies invest in other companies. While they share a lot of similarities, there are also some key differences. One big difference is that generally, private equity funds invest more money in fewer companies while venture capital funds often invest (relatively) smaller sums of money in many companies.

While most private equity and venture capital funds are privately held, there are some that are publicly traded and open to individual investors.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Invest in alts to take your portfolio beyond stocks and bonds.

FAQ

Is private equity better than venture capital?

Private equity (PE) and venture capital (VC) are two forms of investing in other companies, and when comparing the difference between VC and PE, it isn’t really the case that one is better than the other. Instead, it will depend on your own specific financial situation and/or risk tolerance. You can also consider alternative investments to both private equity and venture capital.

Which is the riskier option?

Both private equity and venture capital carry some level of risk. In one manner of speaking, venture capital is riskier, since many of the early-stage companies that they invest in will not succeed. However, most venture capital funds mitigate that risk by investing in many different companies. One successful investment may pay off the losses of tens or even hundreds of unsuccessful venture capital investments.

Are there private equity or venture capital funds available to buy?

Many private equity and venture capital firms are targeted towards investors with significant assets and/or a high net worth. However, there are some funds that are publicly traded and thus available to individual investors. Make sure that you do your own research before investing in any one particular private equity or venture capital fund.


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SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.


An investor should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses of the Fund carefully before investing. This and other important information are contained in the Fund’s prospectus. For a current prospectus, please click the Prospectus link on the Fund’s respective page. The prospectus should be read carefully prior to investing.
Alternative investments, including funds that invest in alternative investments, are risky and may not be suitable for all investors. Alternative investments often employ leveraging and other speculative practices that increase an investor's risk of loss to include complete loss of investment, often charge high fees, and can be highly illiquid and volatile. Alternative investments may lack diversification, involve complex tax structures and have delays in reporting important tax information. Registered and unregistered alternative investments are not subject to the same regulatory requirements as mutual funds.
Please note that Interval Funds are illiquid instruments, hence the ability to trade on your timeline may be restricted. Investors should review the fee schedule for Interval Funds via the prospectus.

Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $25 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.

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Can a Roth IRA Be Used for College Expenses?

A Roth IRA can be used to pay for college expenses, and it is possible to do so without incurring taxes or penalties. However, there are disadvantages of using a Roth IRA for college, and it’s important to weigh the pros and cons.

A Roth IRA is designed to help individuals save for retirement. While you can also use a Roth IRA for college expenses, you’ll want to understand the potential ramifications.

Here’s what you need to know about using a Roth IRA for college, plus other college savings options, to help make the best decision for your situation.

Can You Use a Roth IRA for College?

You can use a Roth IRA to help pay for college. However, as mentioned, a Roth IRA is primarily a vehicle for saving for retirement. You contribute after-tax dollars to the account (meaning you pay taxes on the contributions in the year you make them), and the money in the Roth IRA grows tax-free. You can generally withdraw the funds tax-free starting at age 59 ½. However, if you withdraw the money early, you may be subject to a 10% penalty.

But there are some ways to make early withdrawals from your Roth IRA to help pay for college without being penalized. Because you contribute to a Roth IRA with after-tax dollars, you can withdraw the contributions (but not the earnings) you’ve made to a Roth at any time without paying a penalty. You could then use those contributions to help pay for college.

Just be aware that there are annual contribution limits to a Roth IRA. In tax year 2023, you can contribute up to $6,500 (or $7,500 if you’re 50 or older), and in 2024 you can contribute up to $7,000 ($8,000 for those 50 or older). How much you’ve contributed will affect how much you have in contributions to withdraw, of course.

Another way to use a Roth IRA to pay for college without being penalized is by taking advantage of one of the Roth IRA exceptions that allow you to withdraw money from your account early. One of the exceptions is for qualified higher education expenses.

💡 Quick Tip: Did you know that you must choose the investments in your IRA? Once you open a new IRA and start saving, you get to decide which mutual funds, ETFs, or other investments you want — it’s totally up to you.

Do You Have To Pay Penalties if You Use a Roth IRA for College?

Typically, if you take out money from your Roth IRA before age 59 ½ , you will be subject to taxes and penalties. However, IRA withdrawal rules grant a few exceptions to this rule, and one of the exceptions is for qualified higher education expenses.

If you pay qualifying higher education expenses to a qualified higher education institution for your child, yourself, your spouse, or your grandchildren, you won’t have to pay the 10% penalty for withdrawing funds from a Roth IRA. Qualified higher education expenses include things like tuition, fees, books and supplies. However, you will still have to pay taxes on any earnings you withdraw from your Roth IRA.

Pros and Cons of Using a Roth IRA for College

Whether using a Roth IRA for college is right for you depends on your particular situation. Here are the pros and cons you’ll want to consider.

Pros of Tapping Into a Roth IRA for College

Advantages of using a Roth IRA for college expenses include:

•   You might not have to borrow as much money to pay for college. Using a Roth IRA for college expenses may reduce the need for student loans. And for some students, using money from a Roth IRA might make the difference between being able to afford to attend college or not.

•   You won’t be penalized for withdrawing the money. Because of the exception for qualified higher education expenses, you can take out the money to pay for those expenses without having to pay the 10% penalty.

•   If you withdraw just your contributions, you won’t owe taxes on that money.

Cons of Tapping Into a Roth IRA for College

These are the drawbacks of using a Roth IRA to pay for college:

•   Your retirement savings will take a hit. This is the biggest disadvantage of using the money in a Roth IRA for college. While there are other ways to help cover the cost of college, there are generally fewer options to help you save for retirement if you spend your Roth IRA funds on college expenses.

•   Because of possible compounding returns, even a few thousand dollars withdrawn from your Roth IRA today might mean missing out on tens of thousands of dollars of potential growth by the time you’re ready to retire years from now.

•   Eligibility for financial aid could be affected. Another possible downside of using a Roth IRA for college is that the money you withdraw generally counts as income on the FAFSA (Federal Application for Federal Student Aid). That may limit financial aid you could receive, including grants and loans.

Roth IRA vs 529 for College

Before you decide to use a Roth IRA for college savings, you might want to consider a 529 plan. With a 529, you can save money for your child to go to college and withdraw the funds tax-free as long as they’re used for qualified higher education expenses.

A 529 plan has more generous contribution limits than a Roth IRA does, and other extended family members may also contribute to the plan. In addition, while 529 contributions aren’t deductible at the federal level, many states provide tax benefits for 529s.

💡 Quick Tip: Before opening an investment account, know your investment objectives, time horizon, and risk tolerance. These fundamentals will help keep your strategy on track and with the aim of meeting your goals.

Which College Expenses Can a Roth IRA Be Used For?

According to the IRS, a Roth IRA can be used to pay for qualified higher education expenses. These qualified expenses include tuition, fees, books and supplies, and equipment required for enrollment or attendance.

The Takeaway

It’s possible to use a Roth IRA to help pay for qualified higher education expenses, and you typically won’t be subject to a penalty for doing so. However, taking funds out of your Roth IRA means you won’t have that money available for retirement. You’ll also lose out on any gains that may have compounded throughout the years. That could impact your retirement savings or even delay your retirement date.

Instead of using a Roth IRA for college, you may want to consider other ways to save for college that might better fit your financial needs, such as a 529 plan. That way you can save for both college and retirement.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Help grow your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

Can you use a Roth IRA for college?

Yes, it is possible to use a Roth IRA for college expenses. If you withdraw money from a Roth IRA for qualified higher education expenses, you generally will not be subject to the 10% early withdrawal penalty. Tuition, fees, books, supplies, and equipment needed for enrollment or attendance are usually considered qualified expenses.

Is a Roth IRA better than a 529 for college?

Deciding whether to use a 529 plan or a Roth IRA for college will depend on your specific financial situation. In many cases, a 529 plan may make more sense than a Roth IRA for college savings. You can generally contribute more to a 529 plan each year than you can to a Roth IRA, there are tax advantages to the plan, and other relatives can also contribute to it. Plus, by using a 529, you won’t be taking money from your retirement savings.

Can I withdraw from my IRA for college tuition without penalty?

Yes, you can use a Roth IRA to pay for college tuition without penalty in most cases because tuition is generally considered a qualified higher education expense. However, to avoid taking money from your retirement savings, you may want to consider other college saving options instead, such as a 529 plan.


Photo credit: iStock/Tempura

SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or by email customer service at [email protected]. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.
Shares of ETFs must be bought and sold at market price, which can vary significantly from the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). Investment returns are subject to market volatility and shares may be worth more or less their original value when redeemed. The diversification of an ETF will not protect against loss. An ETF may not achieve its stated investment objective. Rebalancing and other activities within the fund may be subject to tax consequences.

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Catch-Up Contributions, Explained

Catch-up contributions allow individuals 50 and older to contribute additional money to their workplace retirement savings plans like 401(k)s and 403(b)s, as well as to individual retirement accounts (IRAs).

Catch-up contributions are designed to help those approaching retirement age save more money for their retirement as they draw closer to that time.

Learn how catch-up contributions work, the eligibility requirements, and how you might be able to take advantage of these contributions to help reach your retirement savings goals.

What Is a Catch-Up Contribution?

A catch-up contribution is an additional contribution individuals 50 and older can make to a retirement savings plan beyond the standard allowable limits. In addition to 401(k)s, 403(b)s, and IRAs, catch-up contributions can also be made to Thrift Savings Accounts, 457 plans, and SIMPLE IRAs.

Catch-up contributions were created as a provision of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act (EGTRRA) of 2001. They were originally planned to end in 2010. However, catch-up contributions became permanent with the Pension Protection Act of 2006.

The idea behind catch-up contributions is to help older individuals who may not have been able to save for retirement earlier in their careers, or those who experienced financial setbacks, to “catch up.” The additional contributions could increase their retirement savings and improve their financial readiness for their golden years.

While employer-sponsored retirement plans are not required to allow plan participants to make catch-up contributions, most do. In fact, nearly all workplace retirement plans offer catch-up contributions, according to a 2023 report by Vanguard.

💡 Quick Tip: Want to lower your taxable income? Start saving for retirement with an IRA account. The money you save each year in a Traditional IRA is tax deductible (and you don’t owe any taxes until you withdraw the funds, usually in retirement).

Catch-Up Contribution Limits: 2023-2024

Each year, the IRS evaluates and modifies contribution limits for retirement plans, primarily taking the effects of inflation into account. The standard annual contribution limit for a 401(k) in 2023 is $22,500, and $23,000 for 2024. For a traditional or Roth IRA, the standard contribution limit is $6,500 in 2023, and for 2024 the limit is $7,000.

Catch-up contributions can be made on top of those amounts. Here are the catch-up contribution limits for 2023 and 2024 for some retirement savings plans.

Plan 2023 Catch-Up Limit 2024 Catch-Up Limit
IRA (traditional or Roth) $1,000 $1,000
401(k) $7,500 $7,500
403(b) $7,500 $7,500
SIMPLE IRA $3,500 $3,500
457 $7,500 $7,500
Thrift Savings Account $7,500 $7,500

This means that you can make an additional $7,500 in catch-up contributions to your 401(k) for a grand total of up to $30,000 in 2023 and $30,500 in 2024. And with traditional and Roth IRA catch-up contributions of $1,000 for both years, you can contribute up to $7,500 in 2023 and $8,000 in 2024 to your IRA.

Catch-Up Contribution Requirements

In order to take advantage of catch-up contributions, individuals need to be age 50 or older — or turn 50 by the end of the calendar year. If eligible, they can make catch-up contributions each year after that if they choose to — up to the annual contribution limit.

Certain retirement plans may have other allowances for catch-up eligibility. For instance, with a 403(b), in addition to the catch-up contributions for participants based on age, employees with at least 15 years of service may be able to make additional contributions, depending on the rules of their employer’s plan.

To maximize the advantages of catch-up contributions, it’s a good idea to become familiar with the rules of your plan as part of your retirement planning strategy.

Benefits of Catch-Up Contributions

There are a number of benefits to making catch-up contributions to eligible retirement plans.

•   Increased retirement savings: By helping to make up for earlier periods of lower contributions to your retirement savings plan, catch-up contributions allow you to increase your savings and potentially grow your nest egg in the years closest to retirement.

•   Possible tax benefits: Making catch-up contributions may help lower your taxable income for the year you make them. That’s because contributions to 401(k)s and traditional IRAs are made with pre-tax dollars, giving you a right-now deduction. And contributions beyond the standard limits could lower your taxable income for the year even more. (Of course, you will pay tax on the money when you withdraw it in retirement, but you may be in a lower tax bracket by then.)

•   Additional security: Making catch-up contributions may give you an extra financial cushion as you approach retirement age. And those contributions may add up in a way that could surprise you. For instance, if you contribute an additional $7,500 to your retirement account from age 50 to 65, assuming an annualized rate of return of 7%, you could end up with more than $200,000 extra in your account.

💡 Quick Tip: Before opening an investment account, know your investment objectives, time horizon, and risk tolerance. These fundamentals will help keep your strategy on track and with the aim of meeting your goals.

How to Make Catch-Up Contributions

To make catch-up contributions to an employer-sponsored plan, contact your plan’s administrator or log into your account online. The process is typically incorporated into a retirement savings plan’s structure, and you should be able to easily indicate the amount you want to contribute as a catch-up.

To make IRA catch-up contributions, contact your IRA custodian (typically the institution where you opened the IRA) to start the process. In general, you have until the due date for your taxes (for example, April 15, 2024 for your 2023 taxes) to make catch-up contributions.

Finally, keep tabs on all your retirement plan contributions, including catch-ups, to make sure you aren’t exceeding the annual limits.

The Takeaway

For those 50 and up, catch-up contributions can be an important way to help build retirement savings. They can be an especially useful tool for individuals who weren’t able to save as much for retirement when they were younger. By contributing additional money to their 401(k) or IRA now, they can work toward a goal of a comfortable and secure retirement.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Help grow your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

Do you get employer match on catch-up contributions?

It depends on whether your plan allows employer matching for catch-up contributions. Not all plans do. Even if your employer does match catch-up contributions, they might set a limit on the total amount they will match overall. Check with your plan administrator to find out what the rules are.

Are catch-up contributions worth it?

Catch-up contributions can be beneficial to older workers by helping them potentially build a bigger retirement nest egg. These contributions may be especially helpful for those who haven’t been able to save as much for retirement earlier in their lifetime. Making catch-up contributions might also provide them with tax benefits by lowering their taxable income so that they could possibly save even more money.

How are catch-up contributions taxed?

For retirement savings plans like 401(k)s and traditional IRAs, catch-up contributions are typically tax deductible, lowering an individual’s taxable income in the year they contribute. However, catch-up contributions to Roth IRAs are made with after-tax dollars. That means you pay taxes on the money you contribute now, but your withdrawals are generally tax-free in retirement.


Photo credit: iStock/mapodile
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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